Table of Contents

Unyulo lomongameli lumela enye yeenkqubo zedemokhrasi ezisisiseko eUnited States, esebenza njengendlela abemi abakhetha ngayo umphathi-mikhosi ophezulu welizwe labo. Urhulumente uqhuba olu nyulo ngenkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa ecwangciswe ngocoselelo elungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa okusesikweni, ukhuseleko, kunye nomelo. Ukuqonda indlela ukusebenza konyulo kumongameli kunceda abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kule ndawo yolawulo-demokhrasi yamaMelika.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo yeKholeji yeElectoral

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinyulo ezininzi eUnited States, unyulo lomongameli alusebenzi kwinkqubo yokuvota eqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, iElectoral College yinkqubo emiselwe kukusekwa kooTata kumGaqo-siseko, ngokwenxalenye njengokulalanisa phakathi konyulo lukaMongameli ngevoti kwiBhunga loMongameli nonyulo loMongameli ngovotelo oluqhelekileyo lwabemi abafanelekayo. Le nkqubo ikhethekileyo iye yayila unyulo lomongameli waseMelika kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini.

Indlela Ezidityaniswe Ngayo Iigesi Ezincinane

I-Electoral College inabavoti abangama-538, kwaye uninzi lwabavoti abangama-270 lufuneka ukunyulela uMongameli. Urhulumente ngamnye ufumana abanyuli abaninzi njengamalungu eCandelo (Indlu neCamelo), nto leyo ethetha inani levoti yabavoti abanyuliweyo ngokwemeko nganye esekelwe kubemi. ISithili saseColumbia sabelwa abakhethi abathathu kwaye siphathwe njengeRhulumente ukwenzela iinjongo ze-Electoral Collegement phantsi koMgaqo-siseko wama-23.

Le nkqubo yokwabiwa kuthetha ukuba kuthe kuthe kuthe kuthe kwabaninzi abantu banevoti ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, iKhalifoniya, enabemi abaphantse babe ngamashumi amane ezigidi, inevoti ezikhethiweyo ezingamashumi amahlanu anesine kuba inabameli amahlanu nababini nabaququzeleli ababini, ngeli lixa uDelaware, enabemi abangaphezulu kancinci kwisigidi abanamavoti amathathu kuba inomphathi omnye kwiBhunga kunye nabachongi ababini.

Ukuthatha umphumeleli- Zonke iminxeba. Inkqubo yorhwebo

I-States ezininzi zinenkqubo "yokuthatha-anke" enika bonke abanyuli kuMphathiswa ophumeleleyo ekuvoteni okuthandwayo kukaRhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba umnyulwa uphumelele urhulumente ngomda omxinwa, bafumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Noko ke, uMaine noNebraska ngamnye unomahluko we "ummeli wobukho bengingqi", apho abavoti bokhetho bangahlulwa phakathi kwabanyulwa abasekelwe kwiziphumo zesithili sombutho.

Ixesha lenkqubela le-Elector

Inkqubo ye-Electoral College iquka ukhetho lwabanyuli, intlanganiso yabanyuli apho bavotela khona uMongameli noMongameli osisiSigxina, nokubalwa kwamavoti abavoti abavotiweyo nguMbutho. Xa uvotela umlandeli woMongameli oya kubavota ngokwenene kubanyuli abakhethwa ngulowo ucela umvotisi, hayi ngokobuqu kubavotisi.

Emva konyulo jikelele, isikweleti sokuphumelela sabanyuli sidibana kwikomkhulu lephondo kwaye siphosa amavoti amabini enkonzo yoMongameli kunye nenye yeMongameli. Ingqungquthela idibana kwiSiqendu esidityanisiweyo iminyaka emine yonke ngoJanuwari 6 nge 1:00 p.m. ukuvota okude kwiElectoral College, iphethe uMongameli ohleliyo okhokelayo kwintlanganiso kwaye uvula amavoti kurhulumente ngamnye kumgaqo we-afantili, uwadlulisele kubaxeli abane abavakalisa iziphumo, kwaye ekupheleni kokubala, uMongameli umongameli uvakalisa igama likaMongameli olandelayo.

Iimfuno zobhaliso ezizizo kunye neenkqubo

Phambi kokuba abemi babe nenxaxheba kunyulo lomongameli, kufuneka bagqibe inkqubo yokuvota. Kuwo onke amaphondo ngaphandle koMntla Dakota, kufuneka ubhaliswe ukuze uvote ukuze uthathe inxaxheba kunyulo. Eli nyathelo libalulekileyo liqinisekisa ukuthembeka konyulo lodwa ngeli lixa kunceda abemi abafanelekileyo ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo lomgaqo-siseko lokuvota.

Iimfuno Ezisisiseko Zokufaneleka

Iimfuno zokufumaneka ziyahluka ngokwesizwe, kodwa ukubhalisa jikelele, kufuneka ube ngummi wase-U.S. Amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuba abavoti babe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinane ngoSuku Lokhetho, nangona amanye amazwe evumela abasebenzi beminyaka eli-17 ukuba babhalise ukuba baya kujika babe ngu18 phambi konyulo oluqhelekileyo. Iimfuno ezongezelelekileyo zingaquka ukuhlala kwimo yeli xesha elithile kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota abantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho oluthile.

Iindlela zoBhaliso

Ungabhalisa kwivoti kwi-person, ngeposi, nakwii-ofisi ezininzi kwi-intanethi. I-NVRA, eyaziwa njenge-"motor-voter," ifuna iimeko zokunikezela ngobhaliso lweposi kwivoti nokuseka iinkqubo zobhaliso ezifanelekileyo kubemi abafaneleyo kumasebe enqwelo-mafutha nakwamanye amasebe esizwe. Oku kwenza ubhaliso lufikeleleke ngakumbi ngokuvumela abemi ukuba babhalise xa befumana okanye behlaziya ilayisensi yabaqhubi babo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uzakufuna ilayisensi yokuqhuba okanye i-ID karhulumente yokubhalisa kwivoti, kwaye ukuba awunazo ezi, ungakwazi ukunikezela ngezinye iintlobo zoxwebhu, kuquka intengo yebhanki okanye imali eluncedo, kodwa amaxwebhu afunekayo kufuneka ubhalise ngokwahlukeneyo ngokwemeko.

Imigca ebhalisweyo

Akukho mda wokubhalisa wesizwe, yaye kwamanye amazwe, usuku lokugqibela lokubhalisa ziientsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi koSuku loNnyulo, ngoxa ukwamanye amazwe, ungabhalisa ngoSuku loNnyulo. Ngokuxhomekeke kurhulumente wakho, ixesha lokubhalisa linokuba yinyanga phambi konyulo. Abahlali kufuneka bahlole iimfuno ezithile zikarhulumente ngaphambi kokuba bagqibele naluphi na unyulo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlangabezana nayo yonke imiqathango yonyulo.

Ugcino Lobhaliso

Kufuneka uhlaziye ubhaliso lwakho lomvoti emva kotshintsho lwedilesi, nokuba uthuthwe kwingingqi okanye ngaphandle kwelizwe. Ubhaliso lwakho lungaphawulwa "olungasebenziyo" ukuba awuvotanga kunyulo lwamagunya amabini asekuhlaleni kwaye awuphendulanga xa amagosa onyulo ezama ukufikelela kuwe. Abavoti kufuneka baqinisekise ubume babo bokubhalisa ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bahlala bekufanele ukuvota.

Urhulumente omninzi ukwafuna ukuba ubhalise neqela lezobupolitika ukuba livote kunyulo oluphambili. Xa ubhalisa ukuba uvote, amanye amazwe kunye nemimandla ingabuza malunga nonxulumano lweqela lakho lezobupolitika, kwaye kumaphondo nakwimimandla enezihlalo ezivaliweyo, ungavota kuphela kunyulo oluphambili lweqela lakho, nangona kunyulo jikelele, ungavota nabani na oza kungenela inxaxheba yakho.

Inkqubo yeProjekthi yoMongameli kunye neCaucus

Phambi konyulo jikelele, amaqela ezobupolitika kufuneka akhethe uthotho lweenkokeli zawo kukhuphiswano olunomgangatho karhulumente. Le nkqubo yokutyunjwa ibandakanya amaprime kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha intloko ezibanjwe kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50 kunye namangingqi ase-U.S., aqala ebusika obuphambili kwaye aqhubeke nasemva kwentwasahlobo yonyaka wonyulo.

UKhetho lweFonti

Unyulo lokuqala lusebenza ngokufanayo kunyulo oluqhelekileyo, ngovoti abafaka iibhola kwiindawo zokuvota ukubonisa abavoti abakhethelwe ukutyunjwa kwabo. Amazwe aqhuba amaprimrime ngemihla eyahlukeneyo, edala inkqubo evumela abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bakhe uqhutyeko okanye ukukhutshwa kobuso njengoko ixesha liqhubeka. Amanye amazwe aphethe amaprimerim avulekileyo apho nabani na obhalisiweyo angathabatha inxaxheba, ngelinye ixesha abanye baqhuba amaprimmarimenti amiselwe amalungu eqela abhalisiweyo.

Iikacusus

IiCaucus zimela uhlobo oluninzi lokukhetha amabhaptizi apho amalungu eqela elihlanganisana kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni ukuze axubushe abathathi-nxaxheba kwaye avakalise iinjongo zabo. Ezi ziganeko zifuna ixesha elininzi lokuzibophelela okuvela kwabathabatha inxaxheba kodwa zivumela ukucingisisa nokucebiseka ngqo phakathi kwabo bavoti. Amazwe ambalwa asebenzisa iicaucuuses xa zithelekiswa neeprimetries, kodwa ahlala eyinxenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuqhatha kwiimeko ezithile.

Thumela Okukhethileyo

Omabini amabala kunye namabhaso anika abathunywa abathathi-nxaxheba abasekelwe kwiziphumo. Aba bathunywa baya kwindibano yesizwe yamaqela abo, eqheleke yaqhutywa ehlotyeni phambi konyulo jikelele, apho ngokusesikweni bachaza ubungangameli beqela kunye nobukho bombutho. Inani leendwendwe ngalinye elifumanayo lixhomekeke kwimiba equka abemi kunye nomsebenzi weqela kunyulo lwangaphambili kulo rhulumente.

Imali yeCandelo neMimiselo

Iphulo lobupolisa lifuna imali eninzi ukuze lifikelele abavoti kulo lonke ilizwe. Urhulumente ulawula iphulo lemali ukuze akhuthaze ukubonakala nokuthintela ukunganyaniseki, nangona le nkqubo iye yatshintsha ngendlela ephawulekayo ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka.

Ulawulo lweKhomishini yoNnyulo oluManyano

IKhomishini yoNlamlo yoManyano (FEC) isebenza njengesebe elizimeleyo lowiso-mthetho olujongene nokulawulwa nokugcinwa komthetho wezemali karhulumente. I-FEC ifuna amaphulo okuchaza ukuhlawulwa nokusetyenziswa kwemali yabo, imiqathango yeminikelo, nokuphanda ngemimiselo yezemali enokwenzeka.

Imida yegalelo kunye nesiKhuseli

Umthetho womanyano umisela imida enokuba ngabantu ngabanye nemibutho enokunikela ngokungqalileyo kumaphulo omongameli. Le mida ifuna ukuthintela abanikeli abazizityebi ukuba bangabi nempembelelo engathethekiyo kubanyusi. Amaphulo kufuneka atyhile ekuhleni iinkcitho zabo, avumele abemi neentatheli ukuba bahlolisise imithombo yenkxaso yephulo.

Ukhetho lokuSebenza

Inkqubo yenkxaso-mali karhulumente karhulumente inika abatshayi-mali ukhetho lokwamkela imali yamaphulo abo ukuba bayavuma ukuchitha imida nezinye iimfuno. Le nkqubo, ixhaswa nge-checko yokuzithandela kwirhafu yerhafu karhulumente, yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabanikezeli kumntu ozinikelayo. Kodwa ke, kwimijikelezo yakutshanje, abatshabhisi-nxaxheba abaphambili baye bakhetha ngokukhula ngaphandle kokuxhasa inkxaso kawonke-wonke ukuphepha imiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwerhafuthe.

Iinguqu eziphambili

IiKomiti zePistical Action (Ii-PAC) kunye nee-PCAC eziPhakamileyo zinganyusa zize zichithe imali ukuxhasa okanye ukuchasa abo baza kubhaptizwa, nangona kufuneka basebenze ngokwabo kumaphulo asemthethweni. Ii-PAC ezinkulu zingayamkela iminikelo engenasiphelo evela kubantu ngabanye, kwiinkampani, nakwimibutho, kodwa azinakunxibelelana ngqo nabathathi-nxaxheba okanye kumaphulo azo. Le ngxelo yemali yezephulo iye yabangela impikiswano ebalulekileyo ngendima yemali kwezobupolitika.

Imisebenzi Yephulo Lokhetho

Amaphulo kamongameli asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukufikelela abavoti nokunxibelelana ngemiyalezo yabo. Le misebenzi iyakhula njengoko uSuku loNnyulo lusondela, abathathi-nxaxheba nabaxhasi babo besebenzela ukucenga abavoti abangakhange bafumaneke baze baqhube isiseko sabo.

Iphulo Neziganeko

Amalungu eentlanganiso zentlanganiso kunye neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu kulo lonke ilizwe ukuze banxibelelane ngqo nabavoti. Ezi ziganeko zivumela abo batshatileyo ukuba bachaze izikhundla zabo zomgaqo-nkqubo, baphendule imibuzo, bavelise intsebenziswano yamajelo eendaba. Iintlanganiso ezinkulu zinokubanika amandla abaxhasi zize zibangele inkqubela, ngoxa iziganeko ezincinane zibangela ukuba kuqhutyekwe ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi nabavoti.

Iingxoxo zoMongameli

Iingxoxo eziboniswa ngemiboniso phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili zimela amaxesha abalulekileyo kumaphulo omongameli. IKhomishini yeengxoxo zoMongameli, umbutho ongaphiliyo, idla ngokuxhasa iingxoxo eziliqela phakathi kweqela elikhulu, kunye nengxoxo engalunganga. Ezi ziganeko zinika abo baza kubhaptizwa ithuba lokwahlula iindawo zabo, ukubonisa ulwazi lwabo kunye nobubele, kunye nokufikelela izigidi zababukeli ngexesha elinye.

Amajelo Eencwadi Namajelo

Amaphulo angoomongameli asebenzisa kakhulu umabonwakude, unomathotholo, amathematika, kunye noshicilelo ukuze kufikelelwe abavoti. Amaphulo anamhlanje agxininisa ngakumbi kwizibhengezo zezentengiso zezemiboniso nakumaziko ezentlalo yabantu ukuze ajolise amaqela athile asekuhlaleni.

Umdlalo womhlaba kunye nonikezelo lwevoter

Amaphulo aphumelelayo akha imisebenzi emikhulu yokuchonga abaxhasi, ukunyanzela abavoti abangakhange bafumaneke, nokuqinisekisa abaxhasi babo ngenene ukuba bavote. Lo mdlalo wehlabathi uquka ukulayishwa kwelaphu leseyile ukuya kwindlu, ukugcinwa kwemfonomfono, ukuthunyelwa kombhalo, kunye nesantya sokubhaliswa komvoti. Amaphulo aqesha aze aqeqeshe amawaka amatsha - ntliziyo ukuba aqhube le misebenzi, ingakumbi kumazwe okhuphiswano.

Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Iigesi

USuku lokhetho lumela incopho yexesha lephulo, xa abavoti ababhalisweyo befaka amavoti abo ukuze bakhethe umongameli olandelayo. Noko ke, inkqubo yokuvota idlulela ngaphaya kosuku olunye, abavoti abaninzi befaka iibhola zokhetho phambi koSuku lokhetho.

Ukuveliswa koSuku Lokhetho

Usuku lonyulo lwendlu lungoLwesibini lokuqala emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba kwiminyaka enokubalwayo, noSuku loNnyulo lweNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu yeNdlu eManyeneyo ngosuku olufanayo nokhetho olulandelayo olungaphambi kokuphela kwexesha leNdlu. Unyulo loMongameli lulandela olu cwangciso lunye, lulandela rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. NgoMhla woNnyulo, abavoti baya kwiindawo zabo zokuvota, baqinisekisa ukubhalisa kwabo, kwaye baphosa abaxhasi babo.

Iindawo zokurhoxisa zifumaneka kwizikolo, kumaziko oluntu, kumathala eencwadi, nakwezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke. Amagosa okhetho ahlola ubuphi bomvoti kunye nemeko yokubhalisa phambi kokunikezela iibhola. IiVoter ziphawula ukhetho lwazo kumaphepha okanye kusetyenziswa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki, kuxhomekeka kwizixhobo zabo zokulawula ulawulo.

Ukuyongeza Kwasekuqaleni

Amaphondo amaninzi anikela amaxesha okuvota angaphambili avumela abavoti ababhalisweyo ukuba bafake amavoti phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Amaxesha okuvota angaphambili ayahluka ngokohlobo, ukususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela ngaphambi konyulo. Oku kunika abavoti abasenokuba nomsebenzi, intsapho, okanye iimbopheleleko zokuhamba ngoSuku Lokhetho.

Ukuthunyelwa kweposi kunye nokukhutshwa kweposi

Ungavota ngeposi naphi na emhlabeni. Uvota lwe-abree luvumela abavoti ababhalisweyo ukuba bacele i-collet ukuba ithunyelwe kubo, abayigqibayo baze bayibuyise ngeposi okanye umntu phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Ukuba ungummi wase-U.S. ohlala ngaphandle kwe-U.S., ungabhalisa ukuba uvote kwaye ucele umvoti ongekhoyo ngokugqiba iFederal Post Cardia App, kwaye ukuba ulilungu lomkhosi okanye intsapho yasemkhosini wase-U.S.S. uyakwazi ukusebenzisa iFPCA ukuze ubhalise ukuvota nokucela umbhexengi ongekhoyo.

Amanye amaphondo aye asebenzisa iinkqubo zokuvota jikelele apho bonke abavoti ababhalisiweyo bafumana iivoti ngokuzenzekelayo ngeposi. Amanye amazwana afuna abavoti ukuba banikeze isizathu sokucela ibhola yokuvota engekhoyo. Abavolonti kufuneka balandele iinkqubo ezithile zokugqiba nokubuyisa iiposi ezikwimivhozo yokuvota, kuquka ukutyikitya imvulophu yokuvota kunye nemiqathango yokubuyisa intlanganiso.

Iimfuno zokwahlula

Amazwe amisela eyawo imfuno zokwamkelwa, ezahluka ngokuphawulekayo kulo lonke ilizwe. Amanye amatyala afuna abavoti ukuba banikele uchazo lwefoto kuvotelo, lo gama amanye emkela iindlela ezingezozo photo zokwahlula okanye evumela abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukuzazi kwabo ngezinye iindlela ezifana nokutyikitya i-affidavit. Ezi mfuneko zijolise ekuthinteleni umvoti oqhathayo ngelixa kuqinisekisa ukuba abavoti abafanelekileyo bangafaka iibhola.

Ufikelelo kunye neZindlwana

Yazi amalungelo akho kunye nendawo yokuvota ekhuselwe ngumthetho. Umthetho weSizwe ufuna ukuba iindawo zokuvota zifikeleleke kubavoti abaneziphene, kwaye amagosa onyulo kufuneka anike indawo yokuhlala efana nokuvota ngasecaleni komgaqo-siseko, oomatshini bokuvota abafikelelekayo, kunye noncedo lwabavoti abafuna uncedo lokuphawula iivoti zabo. Awufuni dilesi yasekhaya ukuze ubhalise okanye uvote, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi abangenamakhaya bangaqhelisela amalungelo abo okuvota.

Ukhuseleko Lokhetho Nemilinganiselo Yokunyaniseka

Ukugcina ukhuseleko nengqibelelo yonyulo lomongameli kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo kurhulumente. Ingqokelela emininzi yezixhobo zokukhusela ikhusela ekuqhatheni, kwiimpazamo, nasekuphazanyisweni ngoxa kuqinisekiswe uluntu kwiziphumo zonyulo.

Ukhuseleko lwebhola

Amagosa okhetho aphumeza amanyathelo amaninzi okhuseleko ukukhusela iibhola zovota kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvota. La manyathelo aquka ukugcina okukhuselekileyo kweebhola ezingenanto phambi konyulo, itsheyina lenkqubo yebholoti egqitywe, ii-Pice-project matyle kwibhokisi yebhola kunye nomatshini wokuvota, kwaye athintela ukufikelela kwiindawo zokugcina ibhola zovote. Amagunya amaninzi asebenzisa izibalo zokubhalisa kunye nenkqubo zoxolelaniso ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibholathi zibhalelwe.

Imigangatho yenkqubo yokusasaza

I-EAC promulgens yokuzithandela imigaqo karhulumente yeQuery Voing System Guides − ukuncedisa amatyala ekuzalisekiseni iimfuno zeenkqubo zokuvota, kwaye ngoxa ezi migaqo zikhokelwa ngokuzithandela phantsi komthetho worhulumente, amazwe amaninzi afuna ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo okanye konke kwe-EAC kunye nodweliso lwenkqubo yokufaka iziqinisekiso phantsi komthetho wesizwe, ukukhuthaza abathengisi benkqubo yokuvota ukwenzela ukuba balungise iinkqubo zabo. Le migaqo yedilesi yokhuseleko, ucoselelo, ukufumaneka, kunye nokuphicocelwa kwezixhobo zokuvota.

Uhlolo loNondyebo noLondolozo

Amaqela ezobupolitika, abathathi-nxaxheba, nemibutho engathathi nxaxheba banokutyumba ababoniseli bovolo ukuze baqwalasele iinkqubo zokuvota nokubala. Aba baqwalaseli banceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zilandelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye banokuxela ukungalungisi kwamagosa onyulo.

Ukhuseleko lokuzikhusela

Amagosa okhetho asebenza namaqumrhu okhuseleko lwekhompyutha karhulumente ukukhusela izibonelelo zonyulo kwizisongelo zekhompyutha. Le migudu iquka ukukhusela ii-data zokuvota, ukukhusela iinkqubo zokubika ngonyulo ebusuku, nokuqinisekisa ukuba oomatshini bokuvota abadityaniswa kwi-intanethi. Uvavanyo lokhuseleko oluthe rhoqo kunye nolwazi oluphakathi kwemibutho yolawulo lunceda ukufumanisa nokufumana iidilesi.

Uphicotho-zincwadi loKhetho lwasemva

Uphicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho luye lwasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuvota zibalwa ngokuchanekileyo iibhola zovota. Olu xwebhu ludla ngokubandakanya ukuqwalasela ngezandla isampuli yephepha lovote nokuthelekisa iziphumo kumanani omatshini. Uphicotho-zincwadi lwemida yengozi, indlela exhaphakileyo yokufikelela, sebenzisa iindlela zezibalo ukuqinisekisa kakhulu kwiziphumo zonyulo lo gama ukunciphisa inani leebhola ezimele ziphindwe ngesandla.

Ubalo kunye nojikelezo

Emva kokuvala uphando, amagosa onyulo aqalisa inkqubo yokubala iivoti kunye neziphumo ezitsha. Le nkqubo kufuneka ibe ichane kwaye icace ukuqinisekisa uluntu ukuba luyayithemba iziphumo.

Iinkqubo zoLuhlu zokuqala

Kwindawo nganye yokuvota, abasebenzi bonyulo bayaluvala uvolo ngexesha elimisiweyo baze baqalise ukubala amavota. Kumazwe asebenzisa oomatshini bokuvota be-elektroniki, le nkqubo ibandakanya ukushicilela iziphumo zeteyipu zematshini ngamnye nokudibanisa inani labavoti abakhange bafake igalelo. Kwinani leebhola zonyuso, abasebenzi bafunxa iibhola ngomatshini bokuhlola okanye bazibale ngesandla, kuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

Ujikelezo loMbindi

Iziphumo ezivela kwiindawo zovolo nganye zidluliselwa kwii-ofisi zonyulo ezisembindini, apho amagosa adibanisa zonke ezi zimvo. Oku kudluliselwa ngekhompyutha kunokwenzeka ngenethwekhi ezikhuselekileyo okanye ngokoqobo ngokuhanjiswa kwamakhadi enkumbulo okanye iingxelo zephepha. Amagosa okhetho aqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zecandelo ngalinye zifunyenwe kwaye axolelanisa naziphi na iimpazamo ngaphambi kokukhupha iziphumo ezingalindelekanga.

Ukulungiselela i-Abusee kunye ne-imeyile-EziBallots

Ibresie kunye nevoti zeposi zifuna amanyathelo oqhubekeko phambili phambi kokubala. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka aqinisekise utyikityo kwimvulophu yebhola, aqinisekise ukuba iibhola zomsebenzi zifunyenwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye akhuphe iibhola ezikhatywayo kwiimvulophu zabo ngaphambi kokuhlola okanye ukubala. Amanye amaphondo aqalisa le nkqubo phambi koSuku lokhetho, ngoxa amanye elinda de kufihlwe uphotho. Umqulu weposi engaphakathi kwebhola ungachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo indlela ezifumaneka ngayo iziphumo zokugqibela.

Iibhola Ezilungiselelayo

Abasebenzi abanokuthi ukuvuleka kwabo kuqinisekiswe ngoko nangoko kuvolo bangaphosa amavoloti alungiselelweyo. Amagosa okhetho aphengulula ezi voluti emva koSuku lokhetho ukufumanisa ukuba zifanele zibalwe kusini na. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zabavoti abanokhetho ziquka abamagama angabonakaliyo kuluhlu lokubhalisa okanye abangafumani nkcazelo. Isigqibo sezonothili zocwangciso singathabatha iintsuku okanye iiveki eziliqela.

Ilaphu leseyile kunye nokuqinisekisa

Emva kobalo lokuqala, amagosa onyulo aqhuba amalaphu eseyile asemthethweni ukuqinisekisa kunye neziphumo ezigqibelelyo. Le nkqubo iquka ukuhlanganisa iziqu ezipheleleyo zevoti, ukucombulula nakuphi na ukungavumelani, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhola ezisebenzayo zibaliwe. Xa amalaphu eseyile elungileyo egqityiwe, amagosa karhulumente aqinisekisa iziphumo, awenza abe semthethweni. ULawulo oluPhezulu lweRhulumente nganye lubonakalisa iSatifiketi sonyulo ukumisela abavoli abanyuliweyo kunyulo jikelele.

Iingcebiso Nemibutho Yokhetho

Xa iziphumo zonyulo zisondele kakhulu okanye kuthenjiwe ukuba azihambi kakuhle, kusenokubakho imingeni enzima neyasemthethweni. Ezi nkqubo zinika izikhuselo ezongezelelekileyo ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

Unxibelelwano oluzenzekelayo

Urhulumente omninzi unemithetho efuna ubalo oluzenzekelayo xa umda woloyiso uwela ngaphantsi komqobo ochaziweyo, ngokufuthi 0.5% okanye 1% yamavoti aphoswe. Oku kubandakanya ukuphinda uhlaziyo lwazo zonke iibhola ezisebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nobalo lokuqala, nangona ezinye izithuba ziqhuba isandla esibalisa bonke oovoti.

Iingxelo Eziceliweyo

Abavoti okanye abavoti basenokucela ukuba bafumane ingxengxezo ekubavumeleni, maxa wambi bahlawulelwe amaxabiso ukuba umda ungaphezulu kwemiqobo ethile. Ikladeo ilandela iinkqubo ezifana nezithathi-nxaxheba ezizenzekelayo kodwa zinokulinganiselwa kulawulo oluthile okanye kummandla apho kuthenjiswa izinto ezingeyonyaniso.

Ucelomngeni Olusemthethweni

Abavoti okanye abavoti bangafaka ityala eliyingxubakaxakayo kwiziphumo zonyulo okanye iinkqubo. Olu khuphiswano lungaqhatha iziphumo zonyulo okanye imigaqo. Olu khuphiswano lungaqhatha inkohliso, iimpazamo ekubaleni amavote, ukwaliwa okungafanelekanga kweevoti, okanye ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yonyulo. IiNkundla zihlola ubungqina kwaye zisenokuyalela ukuba kubonakale, zizenze buthathaka iivote, okanye kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, zilungelela unyulo olutsha.

Isiqinisekiso seElectoral Votes

Inyathelo lokugqibela kwinkqubo yonyulo lomongameli libakho xa iNgqungquthela idibana ukuze ibale ize iqinisekise amavoti agunyaziswa ngamazwe.

Intlanganiso edityanisiweyo

IBhunga lihlanganisana kwintlanganiso yamaqumrhu ukubala amavoti (ngaphandle kokuba iNgqungquthela idlulisa umthetho ukuze itshintshe umhla ukusuka kuMgqibelo okanye ngeCawa). Ebudeni beli ntlanganiso, uMongameli onguMongameli oyiKhonthi, ulawula imicimbi. Iivoti zikarhulumente ziyavulwa ziphinde zibalwe ngolungelelwano olunobalo.

Imisebenzi Kwimibhobho Eqhelekileyo

IElectoral Count Reform Act inyusa umqobo wokuqwalasela ukuchaswa kwevoti enye kwikota enye yegumbi ngalinye endaweni yegosa elinye endaweni yommeli omnye. Xa kuphakanyiswa, iNdlu neNdlu yeNtlanganiso yahlukeneyo ukuze ithethe kwaye ivote ukuba ingaba ingawuxhasa na uchaso. Zombini iigumbi mazivume ukulwa amavoti abavoti abachongi ukuze kuphumelele ukuvotelwa.

UKhetho oluGciniweyo

Ukuba ukuchaswa kwevoti yovoti ephezulu yabavoti abathathu abafumana amavoti kwi-Electoral College abamvotisi abangama-70, okanye ukuba oku kungumphumo wonyulo, ngoko ngoko ngokoMgaqo-siseko we-12 Woguqulo, iNdlu yabameli igqiba unyulo loMongameli ngokukhetha phakathi kwevoti ezintathu eziphezulu ngokuvota phakathi kwe-Electoral Colleges ngovotiers, ngevoti-mfo-mfono ngamnye onevoti enye. Ukuba akukho sekela-efaksi ephambili lifumana ubuncinane ivoti engama-270, ngoko kuMphathi we-12 weSinyusombululo sinyulwayo ngokukhetha uMongameli ngokukhetha phakathi kwevoti-voti-mali ephezulu e-voti-nke, ngevoti-nke nganye ene-tente nganye ene-voti.

Indima Yoorhulumente Bomanyano Noorhulumente

Unyulo lobuongameli lubandakanya ukunxibelelana okuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwegunya lorhulumente norhulumente, nomgangatho ngamnye karhulumente odlala indima eyahlukileyo kule nkqubo.

Igunya lomanyano

IKhomishini iye yamisela imithetho enjengeNational Voter Religister Act ka 1993 (NVRA) kunye noMthetho Woncedo waseMelika Vote ka-2002 (HAVA), olawula indlela alawula ngayo iinkalo ezithile zenkqubo yonyulo karhulumente, kuquka ukubhaliswa kovoti kunye nokugcinwa komvoti. Umthetho weSizwe umisela nomhla wonyulo jikelele kwaye unika ukhuseleko kumalungelo okuvota.

Ulawulo Lwesizwe

Urhulumente ngamnye nomhlaba unika unyulo ngokwahlukileyo. Amazwe anembopheleleko ephambili yokuqhuba unyulo, kuquka ukuseka iindawo zokuvota, ukubhalisa abasebenzi, ukuyila iibhola, ukuthenga izixhobo zokuvota, nokubala ivoti. Le nkqubo ilungelelanisiweyo ivumela amazwe avumela iinkqubo zonyulo zivumelane neemfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo zasekuhlaleni ngoxa kuhlangatyezwana neemfuno zikarhulumente.

Amagosa okhetho lwasekuhlaleni

Amagosa onyulo aphethe ulawulo lwemini-mini kunyulo kumaphondo amaninzi. La magosa alawula ubhaliso lovoti, agcina iindawo zokuvota, abasebenzi bokhetho, kunye nokwenza ubalo lwevoti. Umsebenzi wawo ubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lusebenza kakuhle kwaye abavoti bangaphosa izibhedlele zabo ngaphandle kwemiqobo engafanelekanga.

Ucelomngeni Neingxubusho Eziqhubekayo

Inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli iyaqhubeka iguquka njengemibutho, abameli nabemi iphikisana ngeenkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zendlela oluqhutywa ngayo unyulo.

Utshintsho lweElectoral College

Umongameli ugqitywe kungengavoti yesizwe kodwa yiElectoral College, kwaye kwizihlandlo ezihlanu, kuquka isibini kunyulo olulandelayo, abatshabhisi baye baphumelela kwiElectoral College, kwaye ngaloo ndlela umongameli, phezu kokuba ulahleke kwivoti yoluntu lonke. Ukuyifaka iElectoral College ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuna ukutshintshwa komgaqo-siseko, nangona abaphengululi namaqela alwaluvolo lwezo nkonzo aye angqinelana emva kweNational Popular Vote Interstation (NPV), umgudu owaqala emva konyulo luka- 2000.

Ukufumaneka kokuBonisa

Impikiswano iyaqhubeka ngendlela yokulungelelanisa ukhuseleko lonyulo nokufumana uvoti. Abaxhasi bemithetho engqongqo yabavoti baphikisana ngokuthintela ubuqhetseba, ngelixa abagxeki bephikisa ukuba badala imiqobo engafanelekanga kubavoti abafanelekileyo. Iingxoxo ezifanayo zingqonge amaxesha okuvota kwangethuba, ukufumaneka kweposi ekuvotelweni, nendawo yokuvota.

Iphulo Lokuzitshintshwa Kwemali

Indima yemali kumaphulo omongameli isoloko iphikisana, ingxubusho eqhubekayo malunga nemiqathango yomnikelo, iimfuno zokutyhilwa, kunye nempembelelo yeePPACs kunye namanye amaqela angaphandle. Abahlaziyi bacebisa iinguqu ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze banciphise impembelelo yabasebenzi abanobutyebi kwaye bandise ukubonakala.

Ukhuseleko lokhetho

Inkxalabo ngokuphazamisana namazwe angaphandle, ukusongelwa kwekhompyutha nokungakhuseleki kuye kwabangela ukuba kufuneke ukuba kukhuselwe unyulo olungakumbi.

Ukubaluleka Kokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwisenzo

Unyulo lobuongameli lusebenza ngokunempumelelo xa abemi bebandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Oku kuthabatha inxaxheba kudlulela ngaphaya kokuvota kuphela ukuquka ukuhlala waziswe ngabaza kudlalwa kunye nemiba, ukunikela ngokuzithandela kumaphulo, ukusebenza njengabasebenzi bokuvota, nokuba nenxaxheba kwintetho yoluntu ngekamva lesizwe.

Imfundo ye Voter

Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wonyulo onika ngayo abemi amandla okuba babe nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo. Abasebenzi kufuneka baziqhelanise neemfuno zokubhalisa, iindlela zokuvota, nemiqathango yexesha elimisiweyo kumaphondo abo. Imibutho emininzi engeyoyadiyo inika abavoti izinto zemfundo zokunceda abemi basekuhlaleni baqhube unyulo.

Ulwazi lwamajelo

Kwixesha elinenkcazelo eninzi nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, abemi kufuneka bahlakulele ubuchule bokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwemithombo yamajelo eendaba namatyala ezobupolitika. Ukucinga ngezo ziganeko, ukuphengulula iingxelo zezopolitiko, nokufuna iimbono ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinceda abavoti benze izigqibo ezithe ngqo.

Ubungqina

Unyulo lobupolisa lunika amathuba okuzibophelela nonxibelelwano loluntu. Ukuya kumaqumrhu okumisa, ukuxubusha ngemibandela nabamelwane, nokuba nenxaxheba kwimicimbi yokuvota komeleza impucuko yedemokhrasi noncedo lokuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lubonakalisa ukuthanda kwabantu.

Imithombo yevota

Urhulumente omninzi kunye nezibonelelo ezingenabupartis unceda abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kunyulo lomongameli. ijov.gov inika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nobhaliso lovoti, kuquka iimfuno kunye nemisebenzi ecacileyo yorhulumente. [U.S. iKhomishini ye-Ecomment Consolation[ inikela izibonelelo malunga neenkqubo zokuvota kunye nolawulo lonyulo.

Urhulumente kunye nee-ofisi zonyulo zasekuhlaleni zigcina ii-website ezinolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga neendawo zokuvota, iibhola zokulinganisa, kunye neziphumo zonyulo. USA.gov isebenza njengezibuko kwimithombo yovotelo kunye namakhonkco kwii-ofisi zonyulo zikarhulumente. ugcino-mali lwelizwe lunika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nenkqubo ye-Elctoral College kunye nogcino-data yonyulo lwembali.

Imibutho engeyoyapartista inika oovimba abaxabisekileyo, kuquka ulwazi oluza kuvota, izikhokelo ezinika iinkupho, kunye nezixhobo zokunceda abemi benze izigqibo zolwazi. Ngokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo, abavoti bangasebenzisa inkqubo yonyulo lomongameli ngentembelo kwaye bafak' isandla ekukhetheni idemokhrasi kwinkokeli yohlanga.

Isiphelo

Unyulo lomongameli lumela inkqubo entsonkothileyo kodwa elungiswe ngobuchule yokukhetha umphathi oyintloko wesizwe. Ukusuka ekubhaliseni ngeElectoral College ukuya kwi-college cordional credication, inyathelo ngalinye lisebenza iinjongo ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni unyulo lulungile, lukhuselekileyo, kunye nomelo. Ngelixesha inkqubo ijongene neengxaki eziqhubekayo kunye neengxoxo ezingento ezinokwenzeka, ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wonyulo lomongameli onceda ngayo abemi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwinkqubo esisiseko yedemokhrasi. Ngokubhalisa, ukuhlala benolwazi ngonyulo kunye noombatha, amaMerika asebenzisa olona buchule bawo obubalulekileyo boburhulumente kunye nokulungisa ikhondo lexesha elizayo lelizwe labo.