Ukuqonda indlela yokuzibophelela kuluntu kungaphezulu kunokuzilolonga ngokuyila, qha bubuchule obusebenzayo obukhusela inkululeko yakho kwintsebenziswano yokwenene yehlabathi. Ukukhululeka kwabemi ngamalungelo asisiseko nenkululeko ebekwe kwi-U.S. umGaqo-siseko kwaye uchazwa ziinkundla, ukhusela abantu kurhulumente ukuba bangabaphangi kwaye baqinisekise ukuzilawula kwabo. Ukusuka ekubeni yiminyaziso yamapolisa ukuvakalisa iimbono kwi-media, ukwazi ixesha nendlela yokuma kumalungelo akho inokuthintela ukusetyenziswa nokulondolozwa okungavumelekanga nokulondoloza isidima. Eli nqaku linikela ukhokelo olusebenzayo ekuqinisekiseni inkululeko yakho yoluntu kwiimeko ezifanayo zemihla ngemihla, ukukhuthaza imigaqo yomthetho nezenzo ezintle.

Kuyintoni Ukukhululwa Kwabemi Ngomthonyama?

Ukukhululeka kwabantu ngabanye kukhuselwe ngumthetho ekungeneleni koorhulumente. Bahlukene kumalungelo abantu, aqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi iimpawu ezikhuselweyo. IBhili yamaLungelo .Nkulumbuso wokuqala weshumi e-U.S. /Iindawo yokuqala yokulungisa ukhuseleko lwamagunya eMerika, kuquka inkululeko yokuthetha, unqulo, ukushicilela, ingqungquthela, ukucela, ilungelo lokuthwala izixhobo, ukukhusela ekuphangweni nokuxhuzula okungathethekiyo, namalungelo ekwaphulweni kwamalungelo olwaphulo-mthetho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iDementementmentmentation yandisa uninzi kwezi zikhuseli nxamnye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni ngenkqubo yokubandakanya ulawulo. Ukuqonda ukuba la malungelo asebenza ngexesha lokusebenza komthetho, amagosa aseburhulumente, nakwimeko ezininzi apho inyathelo elikhoyo kwinyathelo lokuqala lokuziphumelelisa.

Ukukhulula Abanye

Ngoxa inkululeko yasekuhlaleni iphangalele, amalungelo amaninzi abalulekileyo ayimfuneko kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

  • [[NTL:0] Inkululeko yokuthetha: IsiHlanziso sokuqala sikhusela ilungelo lakho lokuvakalisa iimbono ngaphandle kohlalutyo lorhulumente. Oku kuquka intetho yokomfuziselo, intetho yezobupolitika, kwaneembono ezingathandwayo. Ezi zinto zininzi zikhona (ukuchatshazelwa kogonyamelo, ukunyeliswa, kunye nezono azikhuselwanga) kodwa okungagqibekanga kukhuselwa ngokubanzi.
  • [[NTL:0] Inkululeko yeMali neNdibano: Ilungelo lokuqokelela ulwazi nokuhlanganisana ngoxolo ukwenzela ingcelele, iintlanganiso, okanye iintlanganiso. Urhulumente angabeka ixesha, indawo, kunye nemiqathango kodwa akanakuvala iindibano ezisekelwe koko akuqulethweyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Ilungelo lokufumana imfihlo: Ngelixesha ingachazwanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yavuma ilungelo lokuzimela wedwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ukhetho lwenzala, umtshato, kunye nolwalamano olusenyongweni. UMthetho wesi-5 WesiHlaziyiweyo ukhusela ukuphandwa okungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhwaleka, ukudala ukhuseleko olungundoqo kwintsebenziswano nomthetho.
  • Ilungelo kwiNkqubo Elindelekileyo: IsiHlanzi seMimiselo yesihlanu neyeshumi elinesine siqinisekisa iinkqubo zobulungisa phambi kokuba urhulumente akuhluthe ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla. Oku kuquka ilungelo lokuphawula, ukuva, kunye nomenzi wesigqibo ongakhethi nkunzi kwimicimbi engokwasemthethweni.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ekunene Ukuhlala Uthulile: IsiHlanzi sesihlanu sikhusela ekuzichaseni. Awunakunyanzeleka ukuba ube lingqina ngokuchasene nawe, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka kukuzise eli lungelo ngexesha lokuncinwa kwegunya (isilumkiso se-Mura).
  • [[UMTL:0] Ilungelo lokucebisa: IsiHlanzi soHlaziyo seSithandathu siqinisekisa uncedo lwegqwetha kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuba awunako ukukwazi ukufikelela kwenye, urhulumente kufuneka anikeze umkhuseli kawonke-wonke kwityala elinzulu.
  • Ilungelo lokuthwala Izixhobo: Uhlaziyo lwesibini lukhusela ilungelo lomntu lokuba nemipu ukuze azifumanele yona, ephantsi kolawulo olusengqiqweni. Umlinganiselo weli lungelo uyaqhubeka uguquka kwizigqibo zenkundla.

Iimeko Zamihla Le Nendlela Yokuwabonakalisa Ngayo Amalungelo Akho

Amalungelo aluncedo kakhulu xa esetyenziswa. Ngeli ngezantsi kukho iziganeko ezithile ezinokufunyanwa ngumntu, kunye namanyathelo acacileyo okuqinisekisa inkululeko yakho yoluntu ngokuzithemba nangokusemthethweni.

Ukunxibelelana Nomthetho Onyanzelwayo

Ukudibana kwamapolisa kuphakathi kweemeko eziphezulu apho ukwazi amalungelo akho. Enoba umisiwe esitratweni, kwisithuthi, okanye ekhayeni lakho, inyathelo elizolileyo nelingomso linokukukhusela.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Buza ukuba ukhululekile ukuba uhamba. Kungquzulwano olungelulo ugcino, unelungelo lokuhamba uhambe. Ukuba umphathi uthi ewe, hamba ngokuzolileyo. Ukuba akunjalo, uyabanjwa.
  • Ungapheli. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokunika uchazo kwizimilo ezithile zezithuthi okanye xa umiswa ngokusemthethweni. Ngesimilo uthi, “Ndiqhelisela ilungelo lam lokuthula. Ndingathanda ukuthetha negqwetha." Musa ukuxoka qha, kodwa ukuxoka kusemthethweni.
  • Musa ukuphengulula. Ukuba igosa licela ukukuphendla, imoto yakho, okanye ikhaya lakho, ungalandula ngamazwi: “Andivumi ukuphendla.” Ukuba bayaphendla, musa ukuxhathisa ngokoqobo. Qaphela ukuba abaphathi bangaphendla ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso phantsi kwento ethile engaphandle (umz., bangela, imbonakalo ecacileyo, isiganeko sokuphendla ukuze ubambe). Uxwebhu lungaphengululi ngokwasemthethweni kamva.
  • cela igqwetha. Ukuba ubanjiswe, ubiza ilungelo lakho kwigqwetha ngoko nangoko. Xa ucela, kufuneka ume ukubuza de igqwetha lakho libe likho.
  • Iqolo lengxubusho. Kumaphondo amaninzi, unelungelo lokubonisa amapolisa kwifilimu kawonke-wonke logama nje ungaphazamisani nemisebenzi yawo. Sebenzisa ikhamera yakho yefowuni ukhuphela uqhagamshelwano.

Kukho ukhokelo olunenkcukacha, [[FLT: 0] ACLU’s Yazi Amalungelo Akho iphepha inika ulwazi olucacileyo lombuso.

Imfihlo Yamajelo eendaba Nawamanani

Imisebenzi yakho ye-intanethi ikhuselwa yimithetho yokuHlaziya kokuqala nokuzimela, kodwa iinkampani zeplatifomu zizimele ngendlela yazo.

  • [[NTL:0] Yazi ukuba oovimba bakho bayintetho. urhulumente akanakukwazi ukucingela iimbono zakho zezobupolitika okanye zobuqu kwi media, kodwa iqonga linokunyanzelisa imithetho yalo. Umzekelo, uTwitter okanye uFacebook angasusa intetho yentiyo echasene nemigaqo yabo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Lungisa izicwangciso zobumfiliba ngocoselelo.[[FLT: 1] Sebenzisa ulawulo lweqonga ukulinganisela obona iiplatfomu zakho, kodwa qonda ukuba xa uthe wasebenzisana nomongezo, ulahlekelwa lulawulo kunikezelo oluqhubekekayo. Musa ukuthumela nantoni na ongayi kufunayo kuluntu.
  • Lumkela ukugcinwa komthetho. Abameli borhulumente bangacela ugcino-lwazi lwakho kwiqonga ngakwiziqendu ezincinci okanye imvume. Ulindele umlinganiselo omncinane wemfihlo kwizithuba ekwabelwe uwonke wonke, kodwa imiyalezo yabucala ifuna isiqinisekiso. Ukuba uqhagamshelana nomthetho ngokusebenza kwezentlalo-ntle, awunyanzelekanga ukuthetha. Bhalisa igqwetha phambi kokuphendula imibuzo.
  • Ukukhowuda nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo. Sebenzisa isiphelo- ukuya ekupheleni okufihliweyo kolu shicilelo (umz., Uphawu, Whats App) ukukhusela iincoko zabucala ekuthintelweni. Ngelixa ingasosikhuseli, ukukhowuda kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kumaqela amathathu ukufikelela kokuqulethweyo.

Iingxoxo Neendibano Zasekuhlaleni

UMthetho Wokuqala Wokwenziwa Komhlaba ukhusela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganisana noqhankqalazo, kodwa izixeko namazwe anokubeka imiqathango yexesha, indawo nendlela yokukhusela uluntu nokululungelelanisa.

  • Qonda iimfuno zemvume zasekuhlaleni. Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna imvume yeentlanganiso ezinkulu ezivala izitrato okanye ezisebenzisa isandi esinyusiweyo. Iintlanganiso ezincinci, ezizenzekelayo kwiipaki zikawonke-wonke zisenokungafuni mvume, kodwa kububulumko ukuqinisekisa imithetho yasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Hlala nesihlwele esisemthethweni. Ukuba uqhankqalazo luhlala luseluxolweni kwaye luphakathi kwemida evunyelweyo, uyakhuselwa. Ukuba abanye abathathi-nxaxheba baba nogonyamelo okanye bonakalise, amapolisa angayalela ukuba bonke abantu basasazeke. Ukuba uhlala, ubeka engozini yokubanjwa ngenxa yokungathobeli ulungelelwano olusemthethweni.
  • Wazi amalungelo akho ukuba ubanjwa. Ukuba ubanjiswe, unelungelo lokuthula negqwetha. Nika igama lakho kunye nencwadi yakho ukuba ifunwa ngumthetho, kodwa ungaphenduli eminye imibuzo. Dibana nentlangano esemthethweni efana ne-National Lawers Guild.
  • Isenzo samapolisa oxwebhu. Ukunxibelelana kwengxelo kunye namanani ebheji yabaphathi-mikhosi, amanani enqwelo-mafutha ajikelezayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Obu bungqina bungagxeka ucelomngeni lwamva olusemthethweni.

Ucwangciso lonyango

Izigulana zinamalungelo abalulekileyo ngokuphathelele imvume kunye nelungelo lokufihlakala. I-Inishuwarensi ye-Accounsurence ne-Accountability Act (HIPAA) ikhusela iirekhodi zezamayeza, kodwa imithetho karhulumente isenokunikela ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo.

  • Imvume ephakanyisiweyo. Phambi kwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yonyango, unelungelo lokuziswa ngomngcipheko, iinzuzo, kunye nezinye iindlela. Musa ukusayina ifomu yomvume ungakhange ubuze imibuzo ukuba akuqinisekanga.
  • Ukungangeni amanqaku eerekhodi zezamayeza. Ulwazi lwakho lwezempilo alunakwabelwana ngaphandle kogunyaziso lwakho olubhaliweyo, ngaphandle konyango, ukuhlawula, kunye nemisebenzi yezonyango. Ukuba ukrokrela ulwaphulo, faka isikhalazo kwi-Ofisi yamalungelo e-Civil kwiSebe leSebe lezempilo nezoLuntu lase-U.S.
  • Elungeni lokula unyango. Abantu abadala abaququzeleli bangalwamkela naluphi na ungenelelo lwezamayeza, nokuba lusindisa ubomi. Eli lungelo limiselwe ngokwendlela yomzimba yokuzilawula kunye nomgaqo wemvume yolwazi. Ukuba isibhedlele sizama ukuphelisa ukwala kwakho, ungafuna ummeli okanye igqwetha.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imiyalelo e-Advoce. Yenza ulawulo oluphilayo okanye amandla eqhinga lempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iminqweno yakho iyalandelwa ukuba awukwazi ukunxibelelana nayo.

Amalungelo Emisebenzi

Abaqeshi banokuqiqa okubanzi kodwa balinganiselwe yimithetho ekhusela abasebenzi ekucalucalulweni, ekuziphindezeleni nasekuphazameni okuthile okuyimfihlo.

  • Intetho yenkululeko emsebenzini ilinganiselwe. Uhlaziyo Lokuqala luqhelekile ukuba lusebenze kubaqeshi bobucala. Noko ke, uMthetho weNational Labor Relations ukhusela ilungelo lakho lokubandakanyeka “kumsebenzi odityanisiweyo” kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza kunye ukuphucula iimeko zokusebenza (umz., ukuxubusha ngomvuzo okanye ukulungiselela umbutho). Imithetho ye-moriver yokufutha iyakukhusela ukuxelwa komsebenzi ongekho mthethweni.
  • Abaqeshi bangaqwalasela i-imeyili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhompyutha ukuba banenkqubo kwaye awunathemba elifanelekileyo lokufumana ubuqu. Amacebo obuqu kunye nencoko yabucala kumagumbi okwaphula igumbi zinokuba nokhuseleko. Ungaqhubeli ishishini lobuqu kwizixhobo zenkampani.
  • Ukhuseleko kucalucalulo. nemithetho karhulumente yokwalela ucalucalulo esekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, unqulo, isini (kuquka ukukhulelwa, imbonakalo yesondo, kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini), imvelaphi yobuzwe, iminyaka yobudala (40+, kunye nokukhubazeka. Ukuba ujongene nocalucalulo, ubhala amaxwebhu kwaye ufaka isityholo ngeKhomishoni ye-Active Obbessity.

Ukudibana Kwabo Balawulayo Nabasebenzi

Izindlu zikhuselwe ngamalungelo omgaqo-siseko nawasemthethweni, ingakumbi kuphando olungekho ngqiqweni nokuphathwa kocalulo-calulo.

  • Amalungelo obuqu kwikhaya lakho. AmaLandlopord akanakungena kwiqela lakho lerhafu ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanelekileyo (ngokomzekelo iiyure ezingama- 24-48 zixhomekeke kumthetho karhulumente) ngaphandle kobungozi. Ukuba umnini-khaya uzama ukungena ngaphandle kwesaziso, unelungelo lokungavumi ukungena.
  • Ukukhululeka kucalucalulo. UMthetho weFair Houses walela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, imvelaphi yesizwe, unqulo, isini, ubume bobufama, kunye nokukhubazeka. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba uphathwa ngokungekho sesikweni, qhagamshelana neSebe leZindlu ne-Urban Development okanye umbutho olungileyo wendlu karhulumente wakho.
  • Inkqubo elindelekileyo ekucinyweni. Awunako ukugxothwa ngaphandle komyalelo wenkundla. Ukuba umninindlu uzama ukukutshixa okanye ukuvala izinto eziluncedo, oko kukuthi “uncedo olungekho mthethweni” lungasuswa. Ungafaka ityala lomonakalo okanye ufune umyalelo wokunqanda.

Amacebiso Aqhelekileyo Okuqinisekisa Ukukhululeka Kwakho Kwamakhaya

Kuzo zonke iimeko, iindlela eziliqela ezisetyenziswayo ehlabathini lonke zinokukunceda ukuba uwamela ngokunempumelelo amalungelo akho.

  • Wazi umthetho okhethekileyo. Amalungelo ayahluka ngokwabelwa. Qonda imithetho esebenza kwindawo yakho(umzekelo, vuma ukushicilela iincoko ngecawa eyahlukileyo ngombuso (iinxenye enye vs. zonke imvume).
  • [[FLT: 0] Zigcine uzolile kwaye uzolile. Ukulwa okanye ubutshaba bunganyusa imeko kwaye bunganika amagunya ulungiso lokuthatha inyathelo. Ukuqina nokucaca kunamandla kakhulu kunomsindo.
  • Sebenzisa iintetho ezicacileyo. ichaza ngokucacileyo injongo yakho: “Andiphenduli imibuzo,”“ Andivumi ukuphendla,” “Ndifuna igqwetha.” Luphephe ulwimi oludidayo njengo-“Ndicinga ukuba andiyi kuphendula.”
  • Uxwebhu lonke. Bhala amagama, amanani ebheji, amaxesha, iindawo, kunye nokulandelelana kweziganeko ngokukhawuleza emva kohlolo. Ukuba ushicilela ividiyo, yigcine kwindawo ezininzi.
  • Funa uncedo lwasemthethweni ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba amalungelo akho aphuliwe, jongana negqwetha elinobuchule kwinkululeko yabemi okanye indawo ethile yomthetho ebandakanyekileyo. Iintlangano ezifana ne ACLU zinganikezela ngoovimba okanye iikhontrakthi.

Oovimba Bokufunda Okungakumbi

Umthetho woburhulumente wenkululeko unzima yaye usoloko utshintsha. Ukunyusa ukuqonda kwakho uze uhlaziywe, hlolisisa le mithombo ilandelayo inegunya:

Isiphelo

Ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yakho yasekuhlaleni akuthethi ukuba umele ungquzulwane, kungokukhusela inkululeko esisiseko esisiseko exhasa ibutho labantu ledemokhrasi. Ngokwazi amalungelo akho, ukuhlala uzolile phantsi koxinzelelo, nokusebenzisa unxibelelwano olucacileyo, ungahamba uhamba ngentlalo yemihla ngemihla ngentembelo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba urhulumente oqhathayo okanye onegunya lobuqu akakuphelisi ukuzilawula kwakho. Umthetho usecaleni lakho xa usenza ngokusemthethweni nangentlonelo. Qhubeka ufunda, wabelane nabanye ulwazi, yaye musa ukuthanda ukuthetha xa inkululeko yakho isengozini. Uzinike amandla kunye noluntu lwakho ukuze umelane nokusesikweni nokulingana, ngexesha elinye.