Ukwazisa: Ikhaka Lomanyano Olusebukhosini EMthethweni Wemfundo

Imfundiso esisiseko esisiseko ekhusela amaqumrhu karhulumente, kuquka amaziko emfundo alawulwa ngurhulumente, ekumangalelweni ngamakhaya ngaphandle kokuba avume ukumangalelwa. Kubafundi, abazali, abaqeshwa, kunye namalungu esithathu abandezeleka kwisikolo sikawonke-wonke okanye kwinkqubo yeyunivesithi karhulumente, le mfundiso idla ngokubeka umqobo wokuqala nowoyikekayo wokufumana izikhuseli ezisemthethweni. Ukuqonda indlela ukhuseleko lomntu olusebenza ngayo kumbandela wemfundo karhulumente kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na obandakanyekileyo ekucwangcisweni kwemfundo, ekuphatheni, ekuphatheni, okanye kwinkqubo yokulawulwa kwemfundo karhulumente.

Ngokwembali esekelwe kumthetho oqhelekileyo wamaNgesi, ukukhusela ukulawulwa kolawulo oluphezulu eUnited States kuye kwavela ngamalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko, imimiselo, kunye nezigqibo zenkundla. Kumaziko emfundo karhulumente ./ukusuka kwizikolo ezisisiseko ukuya kwiiyunivesithi ezineflegi-flegi. Ukuthintelwa oku kuthetha ukuba ukungakhathali okuqhelekileyo, ukuxabana, ukudityaniswa komGaqo-siseko, kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho kusenokugxothwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe umxhasi othile. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imbali yemfundiso, isicelo salo nyaka-mzi ukumisela izikolo neeyunivesithi, iipasethi ezingundoqo kunye nee-paradisi ezivumela abafundisi, abafundi, kunye neengcaphephe ezingo zomthetho.

Isiseko Esingokwembali Sokungabikho Kolawulo Olusenyongweni

Umthetho oqhelekileyo wesiNgesi no "UKumkani Ungenza Okubi"

Umgaqo wokuzikhusela kolawulo oluphezulu ubonakalisa imvelaphi yawo kumthetho wamaNgesi wamaxesha aphakathi, apho i-modem yayithathwa njengengakwazi ukwenza okuphosakeleyo okusemthethweni. Ngokwesandiso, urhulumente wayengenakumangalelwa ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Le ngcamango yathunyelwa kumathanga aseMelika kwaye kamva yafakwa kwijustialprance yeUnited States entsha. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yaqinisekisa imfundiso kwizigqibo zangaphambili ezifana ne Cholm v. Georgia [17] [1793], eyapheliswa ngokukhawuleza yiKhosi ekwakhiwe ngokutsha kwe-United States. Inkundla epheleleyo ejongene nxamnye neesuti zolawulo ezichasene namanye amazwe okanye amazwe angaphandle.

ISindululo Seshumi Elinye Nokungabikho Komanyano Lwaseburhulumenteni

ISinyuso seshumi elinanye seMigaqo-nkqubo, esagunyaziswa ngowe-1795, siyanika: "Ulawulo lwezeeJaji lwaseUnited States aluyi kuthathwa njengolunyusela nakuyiphi na isambatho somthetho okanye ukuma kumthetho, luqaliswe okanye luchotshelwe nxamnye nomnye waseUnited States yi-Parality of the Post State, okanye yi-Citizensty okanye iZiphelo okanye iZingameli zalo naliphi na Izwe Lasemzini". Oku kukhusela kumazwe kunye neenkampani zezemfundo, kuquka nee-operaljini ezithiwe "izixhobo zelizwe ze-opolitiki, okanye ii-ofisi ze-ofisi ze-ofisi zephondo, ngaphandle kokuba ivumile okanye i-ongcebiso zigunya-mthetho phantsi kwe-14. Oku kunwebela nakukhuselwa kwi-ortstiki, kuquka nee-yunivesithi ze-omigrac.

Indaleko NgemiGaqo-siseko Nemithetho Karhulumente

Ngeli xesha uHlaziyo lweshumi elinesine lulawula izenzo zenkundla yorhulumente, urhulumente ngamnye unolawulo lwakhe olulawulayo, olusoloko ludityaniswe kumgaqo-siseko okanye imimiselo karhulumente. Amazwe amaninzi ekuqaleni amkela umthetho oqhelekileyo wamaNgesi ngokuzeleyo, aze awise ngokuyinxenye ngokusetyenziswa kwetort ezibhengezo. Umzekelo, uMthetho weTort ka-Ort Leagements ka-1963 uvumele iisutis nxamnye nemikhosi kawonke wonke phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo, ngelixa iNkundla leNkundla yaseNew York ilawula izityholo zomthetho wephondo. Le mithetho yomgangatho karhulumente idla ngokuchasene nezomthetho karhulumente ngenxa yokuba umthetho we-Rhulumente.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwale Mihla Kwiziko Lemfundo Lesizwe

Izikolo zikaRhulumente njenge "Arms of the State"

Kwinjongo zokuzikhusela kwimizi - mveliso, isikolo sikawonke-wonke semfundo ephezulu, isithili semfundo ephakamileyo, okanye iyunivesithi yephondo ibizwa ngokuba yi-"hamb'i-oda yesizwe". Oku kubekwa phantsi kokhuseleko lwesizwe ngokwako kukwandisa ukukhusela kweso siko, kuthintela iisuti kwisikolo okanye abasebenzi bazo abakwisikhundla sasemthethweni ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe umenzi womthetho. Izikolo zangasese nezikolo zemfundo yomthetho ezingeyozinto ezikhoyo ngokuqhelekileyo zingenayo imigaqo yokhuseleko yokhuseleko lwezolawulo kwaye zinokubekwa nayiphi na into ekhoyo. Umahluko ubalulekile: umfundi wokonzakala kwisikolo sikawonke wonke umgangatho wokudlala imidlalo yezemfundo kawonke, ujongenendlela entsokodwa kakhulu kunenye enzima kakhulu kuneyonzakalayo kwisikolo sobucala.

Umlinganiselo Wokwahlukana: Yiyiphi Imithetho Ethintelwayo?

Ukhuseleko lwezolawulo lugquma umahluko omkhulu wezinto ezithethwayo, kuquka ukungakhathali (ukungakhathaleli nokuwa, ulawulo olungafanelekanga), ngeqhinga i-torts (ukuhlaselwa ngabasebenzi, ukubanjwa ngempatho-mbonakaliso yobuxoki), ulwaphuko lwesivumelwano, kwanokwaphula umthetho. Noko ke, ukuthintelwa akuqhubeki kwizenzo ezifuna ukuvalelwa okanye ukupheliswa kwesohlwayo ngokuchasene namagosa karhulumente ngenxa yokwaphulwa okuqhubekayo komthetho karhulumente, njengoko kumiselwe [FLT: 0]] i-Ex e Young[FLT (1988). Oku kunqanda oku akuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kwemali engaphambili, njengokuyalela isikolo ukuba kuhambisane nooowethulelo lwemfundo oluqhubekayo (IA) okanye ukuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwe-discrimorival', kodwa akuvumeli ukuba kungene ulwaphulo-ovimba-mali kwimongongo

Umahluko phakathi kwe K-12 nemfundo ephezulu

Ngeli xesha izikolo zikawonke-wonke kunye neeyunivesithi zikarhulumente zinandipha ukhuseleko lolawulo oluphezulu, ukwakhiwa kwelizwe kuyahluka. Imeko zelithathi-nxaxheba zisoloko zibandakanya iingozi zabafundi, iimbambano zoqeqesho, kunye neemfuno zemfundo ezikhethekileyo, ngelixa amatyala aseyunivesithi esoloko ebandakanya iimbambano zemisebenzi, ukwaphulwa kwezivumelwano zophando, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Wotting IX. Iinkundla zingasebenzisa uhlalutyo olwahlukileyo kuxhomekeka kulawulo lweziko kunye nomthombo wemali, kodwa imigaqo engundoqo yokuzikhusela ihlala ithethsu.

Iinkomfa NeeNtloko Ezikhethekileyo

Izenzo Zezenzo Zezibhengezo Zesizwe

Uninzi lwamazwe luye lwamisela i-Tort Intoes Act (okanye uMthetho we-Rhulumente we-Romational Liability) ethi ngokwenxalenye iphazamisa ukhuseleko oluphezulu kwiintlobo ezithile zezibhengezo zetort. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mimiselo ivumela ishenxi echasene nemikhosi yorhulumente yezenzo zokungakhathali zabaqeshwa abasebenza ngexesha lomsebenzi wabo. Kodwa ke, basoloko bequka imiqathango ebalulekileyo, enjenge:

  • Iimfuno zeNombolo: kufuneka zifake isaziso esisesikweni sento ngexesha elifutshane lesakhelo (umz. iintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kunyaka omnye) phambi kokuba kuqalise ukumangalelwa. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhambisana nentengo yemivalo.
  • Izixhobo zokukhetha: ezininzi zeemeko zobundlobongela zomonakalo ongeyo imeko yezoqoqosho (iintlungu) okanye uchacha ngokupheleleyo (umz., iidolara ezingamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu eKhalifoniya, iidola ezingama-250,000 eTexas).
  • [[NTL:0] Umsebenzi ozenzekelayo okhululayo: iintelekelelo ezisekelwe kwizigqibo zomgangatho wenkqubo (umz., ukwenziwa koludwe lwenkqubo, uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali) zidla ngokuzikhusela, ngelixesha udebe lokusebenza (umz., umfundisi- ntsapho eshiya into eyingozi efumanekayo) angavunyelwa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izenzo ezininzi azikuchasi ukukhusela ukuziphatha okubi, ukuhlasela, ibhetri, ukuvalelwa entolongweni kobuxoki okanye ukuqhatha.

Umzekelo, phantsi kwe Texas Tort Apentiers Act (Inani elipheleleyo. Prac. Prac. &. Rem. Code 31: 101. 0211), izikolo zikawonke-wonke zifanele ukungxwelerheka ngenxa yemeko okanye ukusetyenziswa kwempahla yobuqu, kodwa hayi kuweenjongo yokutsala okanye ukuchaza okuvela ekusebenziseni ingqiqo. Ezi nkcukacha zifuna umzekelo onobuchule ngohlalutyo.

Amatyala Aqhelekileyo

Amaziko emfundo karhulumente asoloko efaka izivumelwano zempahla, iinkonzo, izibonelelo, kunye nomsebenzi. Amaphondo amaninzi athintele ukhuseleko lwe-odokisi lokwaphula izivumelwano, mhlawumbi nge-Tort Peaps Acts Act (ukuba isivumelwano siphathwa njengenzala yempahla) okanye ngesivumelwano somqathango sokwahlulwa kwezivumelwano. Noko ke, ukuchacha kusenokulinganiselwa kumonakalo wokwenene, kwaye ilahleko yesohlwayo idla ngokuvalwa. Amanye amazwe afuna ukuba isivumelwano sibhalwe kwaye sivunywe ligunya elifanelekileyo.

AmaLungelo aBami Athenjiswa Phantsi kwama-42 e-U.S.

Icandelo 1983 livumela abantu ukuba bamangalelwe ngabadlali bale ndawo ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko okanye asemthethweni. Isiko lemfundo ngokwalo lorhulumente asingo "penson" oxhomekeke kuyo phantsi ko-76983, kodwa amagosa akwimiqathango yawo angamangalelwa ngenxa yomonakalo. Ngaphezu koko, Exete Young imfundiso ivumela iisuti kumagosa akwimfuno-mfaneleko wawo osemthethweni wokukhululeka. Lo mahluko ungowokubandakanywa okubandakanya ucalucalulo (Isihloko VI, isiHlathiso, Icandelo 504), inkqubo ekhululekileyo kwingqeqesho yabafundi, kwaye ikhuseleke ngokufanayo. Ngoxa i-Rhulumente yokhuseleko lwe-omatiko ivumela iimali eziburhulumente ejikelezayo ekwayinyanisweni, i-ebhungagosayo ngokokugwetyelwa yi-mthetho yetyala okanye ngokwemali yegunya lombuso.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwengqungquthela Ngaphantsi KoMthetho - siseko Weshumi Elinane

IKhomishini isenokukhusela ulawulo lwesizwe olulawulayo lwe-broteate xa isebenza phantsi kweCandelo 5 loMphetho-Mgaqo-nkqubo weshumi elinesine, ibonelelwa ngokuphandle ukuba ukunyuswa kuchazwe ngokuphandle kwaye kuyangqinelana nokwaphulwa komGaqo-siseko. Umzekelo, iSihlomelo II samaMelika anesithintelo sokungakhubazeki (ADA) kunye noMthetho weNtsapho kunye noMgaqo-siseko we-Medical Les Pact ugcinwe kukhuselo olusemthethweni olusemthethweni ngokwezimo ezithile, ukuvumela iisuti zemali zomonakalo owe kwicala loburhulumente. Ngokufanayo, iSihlomelo seSiphetho seminyaka esine soMsebenzi somthetho kunye noMgaqo-Act noMthe-Act Act Act i-Act i-mential ingakoyisa ukhuseleko xa idityaniwe kwintsonga lokukhusela okulinganayo. Noko, ukuthintela inkundla esilinganiselwe; iinkundla zifuna imo ezisoloko zivuma zezo ezokuba zivuma ukuba kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuvunyelwa Ngurhulumente

Oyena uthe ngqo uvumela urhulumente ukuba agwetywe. Oku kungenzeka ngomthetho okhethekileyo, ilungiselelo lomgaqo-siseko, okanye kwanangokukhusela ukumangalelwa ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ukhuseleko lokhuseleko. Amaphondo amaninzi avumela ngokuphandle iisuti ngokuchasene nezikolo zikawonke-wonke neeyunivesithi phantsi kwemithetho yawo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba urhulumente wamkela imali karhulumente (umz., I-I-I-EA, Pell Grants), kungaqikelelwa ukuba avume ukunyusa iimeko zolawulo lukarhulumente ezilawulayo.

Ucelomngeni Olukhethekileyo Olungokwasemthethweni Nemizekelo Yamatyala

Ukusetyenziswa KwamaPremise Esikolo

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo ubandakanya umfundi owenziwe inxeba kwibala lemidlalo yesikolo sikawonke-wonke ngenxa yezixhobo ezinesiphene okanye ulawulo olungeluhle. uPalliams v. Urhulumente ( Inkundla yezibheno), umfundi owawayo kwibala lenkawu ewe kwisithili sesikolo sesikolo. Inkundla yafaka isicelo sikarhulumente somthetho somthetho somthetho, iphawula ukuba ityala lifakwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kwaye ukusilela kwesikolo ukuhlola rhoqo izixhobo zempahla kawonke wonke. Noko ke, umonakalo wabekwa esikolweni, kwaye umfundi akakwazi ukuchachachacha ngenxa yenkxwa ngokweemvakalelo ngaphandle kokwenzakala komzimba.

Ukuziphatha Okubi Ngokwesini Ngokusetyenziswa Kwamasela

Amatyala amaninzi amatyala eTort achaza ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kwetorts okanye afuna ubungqina bolwalamano olukhethekileyo. Jane Doe v. Ibhodi yemfundo (Maryland), inkundla ibambe ukuthi ukunqanda ukuthintelwa kwesondo kuthintelwe ibhodi yesikolo ngenxa yokusilela ukuhlasela komfundisi- ntsapho, ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi wawuthiywa yi-gqrft ngumqeqeshi, kwaye ukungakhathali kwebhodi kwathathwa njengelungu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanye amatyala avumela ukuba intelekelelo-mza phantsi kwemeko "yoyimeko eyingozi" okanye phantsi kwenkqubo ephantsi kwenkqubo ephantsi kwe-19983 yokungalawuleki.

Iingxelo Zokungavisisani Nocalucalulo

Abafundi abaneziphene rhoqo bamangalela amayunivesithi karhulumente ngenxa yokusilela ukunikela iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo phantsi koMthetho we-ADA okanye iCandelo 504 woMthetho wokubuyisela iMpatho. Phantsi ILentenese v. ILane [2004], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yathi iSihlomelo II se-ADA sifanelekile ukukhusela ulawulo lwezolawulo oluphezulu lwamalungelo anxulumene nokufikelela kwiinkundla. Ngalo ndlela, umfundi ongakwaziyo ukuya kwiholo yezifundo ngenxa yesitulo esinamavili esinamavili, angayifaka kwi-patrone yemali ye-mali e-mali e-mali e-malini eluncedo.

Izizathu Ezisebenzisekayo Zokuba Neengcungela

Phawula Iimfuneko Nemigca Yabafileyo

Enye yezona ngxaki ziqhelekileyo ekumangaleleni isiko lemfundo yesizwe iphoswa isaziso-sefestileni yecala. Ngelixesha i-tort eqhelekileyo inemimiselo yeminyaka enye ukuya kwemitha emithathu, imimiselo yokuzikhusela idla ngokufuna isaziso sokuqala phakathi kwama-30, 60, okanye iintsuku ezingama-90 emva komonakalo. Umzekelo, uRhulumente weKhalifonia u-76 911.2 ufuna ukuba isaziso sokunikezelwa phakathi kwenyanga ezintandathu ze-acrual ukwenzela umonakalo omkhulu. Ukusilela ngexesha elifanelekileyo isaziso sokuzichaza okusisigxina. AmaPhoxina kufuneka anamathele kwimithetho engqongqo e-proccoracties, kuquka ukusebenza kwesaziso kumagosa athile (umz., unobhala wesikolo, igxam, i-gcontrol, okanye umphathi-ofisi-omatilave).

Ukuxhathisa Umonakalo Nokungalingani Kwamandla

Kwanaxa ityala livumelekile, unyango lungasikelwe umda kakhulu. Intengiso yetort yephondo isenokuba yenziwa iziphumo zomonakalo ongenazoqoqosho (ubuhlungu nokubandezeleka) ngemali esusela kwii-R120 000 ukuya kwi-R3,000-zigidi ze-R3, kunye neminye imiqathango yokuthintela ukonakala ngokupheleleyo kwetyala. Ngaphezu koko, iindleko zegqwetha zisoloko zikhutshwa okanye zifune imvume yenkundla, ukunciphisa izikhuthazo zamagqwetha ukuba athathe amatyala anjalo. Ukuqonda le miqathango ibalulekile kwizigqibo zokuzinziswa.

Ukupheliswa koMsebenzi

Phambi kokumangalelwa, kufuneka abamangali badibanise amaqhinga olawulo. Kwiingxoxo ezikhethekileyo phantsi koMthetho wemfundo oneziphene (IDEA), inkqubela efanelekileyo yokuchotshelwa kwetyala kufuneka icelwe ngaphambi kokumisa umsebenzi wasekuhlaleni. Ngokufanayo, izityholo eziphantsi kwemithetho yokucalucalucalulo yomsebenzi zidla ngokufuna ukuba ziququzelwe lisebe (umz., i-EEOC okanye urhulumente wamalungelo abantu). Ukungawuqeshi umlomo kungaphumela ekugxothweni, kwanokuba umgangatho olawulwa yinkqubo uthelekelelo-mthetho uthe waphelelwa.

Iindlela Zokoyisa Ukungahambelani

Amagqwetha anamava asebenzisa iindlela eziliqela zokuphepha ukhuseleko lolawulo:

  • Amagosa kumsebenzi wawo ngamnye ngenxa yokwaphulwa komgaqo-siseko, ijolise kwityala lobuqu kunokuba ilahleko yobuncwane karhulumente.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufuna isiphumlisi sokukhupha kunye nesokukhupha phantsi [[FT:2] Ex propee Young kumagosa karhulumente, ingakumbi xa imigaqo yemfundo ichasene nomthetho wolawulo.
  • Ukubeka umthetho wezwelonke ukuhlahlela phantsi kweADA, isiHloko IX, okanye 7683 apho iBhunga lifuna ukuphazamisa ukukhusela ukukhusela.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izindlu zokuhlala ezidityanisiweyo eziquka isivumelwano sesiko sokuguqula iinkqubo kunokuhlawula umonakalo, ezinokudlula kwimiba yokhuseleko.

Ukulungelelana Phakathi Kokungabikho Komdla Nokuphendula

Iimpikiswano Ngenxa Yokungavisisani Kwenkosi

Abaxhasi bathi ukukhusela ukukhusela irhafu kukhusela imali yabahlawulwayo ekuncitshisweni yirhafu, kuvumela izikolo zinikele ingqalelo kwiinkonzo zemfundo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo okungokwasemthethweni, kwaye kugcina ubuchule bukarhulumente ekuqulunqeni inkqubo. Ngaphandle kokuthintelwa, izikolo zisenokulumka kakhulu, ziphephe iinkqubo eziyingenelo ngenxa yokoyika ukumangalelwa.

Iimpikiswano Ezinxamnye Nokongamelayo

Abahlalutyi bathi izikolo ezikhusela ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa kwezifo zinokuziphendulela ngokungakhathali, ngokucalucalucalulo, nangokungekho mthethweni.

Utyekelo Notshintsho Lwakutshanje

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi anemiqathango emincinane yezolawulo lweziko lemfundo. Umzekelo, emva kwemiba yokuhlaselwa ngokwesini kwizikhululo eziphezulu, ezinye iziqu zendlu yowiso-mthetho eziguqulweyo ukuze zivumele iisuti zivulwe ngokuchasene neeyunivesithi zolawulo olungakhathaliyo. Ukunyuka komGaqo-siseko we-tort phetho phantsi kwe-769833 kuye kwalungiselela enye indlela, ingakumbi ukwenzela ucalucalucalulo lohlanga nocalucalulo lwamadoda. Iinkundla zezombuso ziye zakrola ngaphandle, njengo "propiréties" ngaphandle kokuba iyunivesithi kawonke ibandakanye nemisebenzi efana neyo (umz., ukusebenza kwezitala leencwadi okanye ibala lemidlalo).

Umba wokuzibandakanya nomanyano luyaqhubeka luguquka. I-Civil Redivil Redivil References for Gender-Motivived Domon Act neminye imimiselo imo yemali ecacileyo yesizwe kumazwe afuna ukuthintelwa kwamalungelo abantu. Noko ke, utyekelo lwakutshanje lweNkundla ePhakamileyo kwiimeko ezifana Testes v. Texas Department of Public Safety [2022]) [2022] luye lwaqinisekisa ukuba akuthethi ukuba ukukhuselwa ngokuzenzekelayo kokhuseleko ngokufumana intlawulo lwamalungelo asekuhlaleni ngaphandle kokuba kukho injongo ecacileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukhuseleko loburhulumente lusasoloko lungumqobo onamandla nodla ngokudida ukuchasana kwamaziko emfundo karhulumente. Nangona le mfundiso inemvelaphi yamandulo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwale mihla kubandakanya umsebenzi omninzi womthetho wesizwe, imimiselo yorhulumente, kunye neemeko ezichasene nezomthetho. Kumntu wonke ocinga ukuba inyathelo elisemthethweni lichaphazele isikolo sikawonke-wonke okanye iyunivesithi (enokuba yeyokwenzakala kwemidlalo, ukuxambulisana ngomsebenzi, ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, okanye ukushwa kwentlukwano yesivumelwano (h) asingombandela wokuzikhethela;

Ngenxa yokuba iimfuno zokuzimela zingqongqo kwaye zihluke kakhulu ngokohlobo lwesizwe noluthi lunjalo, ukudibana negqwetha elinamava kwimibutho kawonke-wonke kubaluleke kakhulu. Icebiso lomthetho linokukunceda ufumanise ukuba ngaba ukukhusela ukunqanda ukunqanda akupheliswanga, nokuba ngaba udidi oluncinci [ lukhona, kwaye indlela yokuqhuba isaziso kunye nemithetho edinwayo. Nangona ukuntsonkotha kwayo, ukhuseleko lobukhosi alugqibekanga. Ngolwazi olunengqiqo nolwazi lomthetho, abaninzi abaqhelekileyo banokuwagcina amacandelo okufundisa enziwe ngobubi bokwenyaniso.

Ukufunda ngokubhekele phaya, bona [[FLT: 0] Icandelo lolwazi lomthetho lokuqwalaselwa kwesonga-mthetho kunye neyamagunya eJaji kwimfundo neyokukhusela imo yecala . Inkcazo yemithetho yephondo, efana neyaseKhalifoniya [[FLT:]] Imithetho yeGovermentment \\ 810et seq., inika iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zoochwepheshe. Ekugqibeleni, Imanyano yezemfundo zemfundo zoMthetho yezemfundo [[FLT]] Icandelo [FLT]