Table of Contents

Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Uwaqonde Amalungelo Akho Asekuhlaleni Abalulekile Namhlanje

Amalungelo oluntu ayila isiseko sobomi bedemokhrasi, eqinisekisa inkululeko yokuba wonke umntu abe nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwibutho labantu ngaphandle koloyiko localulo okanye ukuphandwa ngurhulumente. Kodwa amalungelo asebenza kuphela xa abemi besazi oko bakuko nendlela yokuwakhusela. Kwixesha lemithetho eguquguqukayo, ukugcinwa komthetho okuzinzileyo, kunye nocelomngeni olutsha olufana nokuhlolwa kwamanani kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo somatshini, imfuneko yolwazi olucacileyo, olusebenzisekayo ayizange ibe nkulu. Olu khokelo lwandisiwe lusebenza ukutyhubela imbali, umthetho ongundoqo, izisongelo, kunye namanyathelo asisiseko onokuthi uthathe ukuze uqhube amanyathelo okuya kuwe nokukhusela amalungelo akho oluntu.

Imfazwe Ende: Imbali Enzulu Yamalungelo Abantu EUnited States

Umlo wamalungelo abantu awuqalanga kwi1950 okanye uphele ngo1946 kuMthetho wamalungelo abantu. Ngumhambi ophawulwe ziinkulungwane zenkqubela phambili kunye nokuchasana. Ukuqonda le ncam yesazinge kunceda abemi baqaphele ukuba amalungelo akazenzekelayo.

Isiseko: Uhlaziyo

Emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, uHlaziyo lwe-13 lweSixeko (1865) lwaphelisa ubukhoboka, uMphengululo we-14 (1868) waqinisekisa ukukhuselwa okulinganayo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo, kunye noMthetho we-15 wokuHlaziyiswa (1870) walwalela ucalulo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni. Ngokwengcamango, ezi zindululo zanikwa ubumi obupheleleyo abantu ababengamakhoboka. Oku, kwakubangelwa zisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo eMbini eMbini eMbindini [[FLT: 0] v. Ferguson [1896], nto leyo ixhasa “ukulingana kodwa,” kunye nogonyamelo kunye nomthetho ocwangciiiiiiixoko lwexesha lika-Jim Crow, nto leyo eyathiwe yazinziwa yiBlalkkiswe yiBlaseMerika emalunga nenkulungwane.

Iqela Lamalungelo Abemi Nophawu Lwalo Lokoyisa Ilizwe

Ukususela ngo-1940 ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka yee-1960, abaxhasi beengca ezintle (iingcali) behlohlwa ngamanani afana ne Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., kunye noJohn Lewis (ii-iintshi) zasebenzisa ukuqhankqalaza okungenabundlobongela, imingeni engokwasemthethweni, kunye nokuzilungiselela ukuphelisa ucalucalulo olusemthethweni. Iziganeko eziphambili ziquka:

  • Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo (1954): INkundla ePhakamileyo ngamxhelo mnye yagqiba kwelokuba ukwahlukana ngokweentlanga kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke kwaphula uHlaziyo lwe-14, kubhukuqwa Planet.
  • UMthetho wamaLungelo oMsebenzi wowe-1964: umthetho wokutshayela owaphelisa ucalucalulo emsebenzini, kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke, kunye neenkqubo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente. Wakwalela ukusetyenziswa okungafaniyo kweemfuno zokuvota.
  • Umthetho wovolo wangonyaka ka-65: Wadlula emva kohambo lweSelma-to-Montgomery, lo mthetho waphelisa iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala neminye imiqobo yokukhupha umlomo, kwaye kwafuna ukujongelwa komthetho wonyulo kulawulo kunye nembali yocalulo.
  • Umthetho weFair House Act ka-1968: iintsuku ezigqithileyo emva kokubulawa kukaKumkani, yaluphelisa ucalucalulo olusemthethweni ekuthengisweni, ekuqeshweni, nasekuxhaseni ngezimali izindlu ezisekelwe kuhlanga, unqulo, imvelaphi yobuzwe, kunye (kamva) nesini, ukukhubazeka, kunye nemeko yentsapho.

Ukwandisa Isangqa: Amalungelo Amabhinqa, Abantu Abaneziphene, NeLGBTQ+ Abemi baseMerika

Isiseko samalungelo abantu sidluliselwe kwamanye amaqela aphantsi:

  • ITitle IX yeZigqibo zemfundo (1972): ichaza ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisondo nakuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yemfundo okanye umsebenzi ofumana inkxaso yemali karhulumente, ivulela amabhinqa kwimidlalo nakwezemfundo.
  • AmaMelika anoMthetho wesiphene (ADA) ka 1990: emva koMthetho waMalungelo oMsebenzi, iADA iyalwalela ucalucalulo kubantu abaneziphene emsebenzini, kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke, kunye nonxibelelwano.
  • i-Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): INkundla ePhakamileyo yamkela umtshato-oknawunye nonozala welungelo elisisiseko phantsi koMgqino-mva we-14. Bostock v. Clayton County [2020] ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi olugqithisiweyo kwi LGBTQ+ abantu ngabanye ngaphantsi kweSihloko se-VII soMthetho wamalungelo oMbini.

Umthetho Oyintloko Wokukhusela Amalungelo Asekuhlaleni: Oko Imithetho Ikuthethayo

Ukwazi iinkuselo ezikhethekileyo zomthetho ngamnye kubalulekile xa kufuneka ugxininise amalungelo akho. Ngasezantsi kukho imimiselo eyintloko yorhulumente, enenkcukacha ezikugubungelayo nento oyisebenzisayo.

UMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 (isiHloko II, isiHloko VI, isiHloko VII)

  • Isihloko II: Ukuvalwa kocalulo kwizindlu zikawonke-wonke (iivenkile zokutyela, imidlalo yeqonga, njl.njl.) okusekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, unqulo, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe.
  • Isihloko VI: Ibonisa ucalucalulo ngayo nayiphi na inkqubo efumana imali karhulumente, kuquka izikolo, izibhedlele, kunye namasebe amapolisa athatha imali karhulumente.
  • Isihloko VII: iquka ucalucalulo lwemisebenzi olusekelwe kuhlanga, umbala, unqulo, isini, okanye imvelaphi yesizwe. Igubungela ukuqeshwa, ukudutyulwa, ukunyuselwa, ukuhlawulwa, nokukhathazwa emsebenzini. Ngo-2020, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yawisa umthetho wokuba “uxhulumane” kuquka imbonakalo yesondo kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini.

Ukuphakamisa Amalungelo Omntu ka-1965 & Imingeni Yawo Yale Mihla

IVoting Rights Act (VRA) ngaphambili ifuna ulawulo olunembali yocalulo ukuze ufumane imvume karhulumente (“ukucacisa”) phambi kokutshintsha imithetho yokuvota. Noko ke, isigqibo seNkundla Ephakamileyo yonyaka ka-2013 kwi- Shelby County v. Raker[] walwa imigaqo esetyenziselwa ukugqiba ukuba ngawaphi amagunya afunekayo ngaphambili, ngokunempumelelo ukukhupha isixhobo esingundoqo sokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwevota. Ukususela ngoko, amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho e-omatilonti yovota engqongqo, acuthe aqala, asusa imivota-voti, kwaye asusa imisonto evoti. [[FLT:] John uLectrivement Activement Actal [[FLT]], kodwa akadlulisi, uya kubuyisa loo khuseleko. Uthelela loo mazwe ayazi ukuba ahlale kwimithetho esemthethweni avielwayo kunye nemithetho esemthethweni.

ISebe leMicimbi yeMidlalo

Lo mthetho awulwaleli ucalucalulo ekuthengisweni kwezindlu, kwimisebenzi yokuqeshwa, kwimali, kwimali, nakwezobhengezo ezisekelwe kuhlanga, kwizithethe, kwimvelaphi yesizwe, kwisiphene okanye kwisikhundla sobuzwe. Kwakhona kufuneka abantu abaneziphene bahlale kwizindlu ezifanelekileyo okanye bangabikho kwirente ephezulu ngenxa yeempawu ezikhuselekileyo, unokuba netyala kwiSebe le-U.S. leHongals ne-Urbain Development (UD).

UMthetho (ADA) ka-1990

I-ADA iquka umsebenzi (ongabaqeshi abamalunga no-15+ abantu), iinkonzo zikarhulumente kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iindawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke (amashente, iivenkile zokutyela, iimyuziyam), ezonxibelelwano, kunye nezothutho. Kufuna utshintsho olusengqiqweni kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye neengxaki zomzimba. Umzekelo, isakhiwo sikawonke-wonke kufuneka sibe nezixhobo zokusebenza ngesitulo esinamavili; umqeshi kufuneka anikeze umtolikisi wentetho yezandla ukuba bekungayi kubangela ubunzima obungeyo. I-ADA ikwakhusela ekuziphindezekeleleni ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo akho.

Eminye Imithetho Ebalulekileyo

  • [[UMTL:0] Ikhethe kuMthetho womsebenzi we1967: likhusela abasebenzi abaneminyaka engamashumi amane nangaphezulu ukusuka ekukhetheni abakhulileyo ngokusekelwe kukwahlulwa kobudala ekuqesheni, ekuhlawuleni, nasekuncedeni.
  • [[Umthetho:0] we-Pregnancy Discrimination Act ka-1978:[ uSihlomelo VII ukuthintela ucalulo olusekelwe ekukhulelweni, ekuzaleni, okanye kwiimeko ezinxulumene nezonyango.
  • [[NTL: 0] Isindululo soLwazi noHlaziyo loMgaqo-nkqubo wama-2008 (GINA): unika abaqeshi kunye nabafaki-mali bempilo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwemfuza kwizigqibo.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Abemi: Iinkcazelo, Imida, kunye nesicelo sehlabathi lokwenene

Amalungelo awaphelelanga; alungelelaniswe nezinye izilangazelelo ezinjengokhuseleko lukawonke - wonke, ukuzimela wedwa, neemfuno zentlangano. Ukwazi ubukhulu bamalungelo akho kunye nemida yamalungelo akho kukunika amandla okusebenza ngokunempumelelo.

Ilungelo Lokuthetha Nentetho Ekhululekileyo

UHlaliso Lokuqala lukhusela ilungelo lakho lokuthetha, ukubhala, ukuhlanganisa nokubongoza urhulumente, ngaphandle kokunyelisa, ukuphembelela ugonyamelo, izisongelo zokwenyaniso, kunye nezobunyala. Urhulumente akanakukukugxeka ngokwembono yakho, kodwa amaqonga azimeleyo (njengeenkampani zezentlalo-ntle) awabotshelelwanga yiSimprimende Sokuqala. Kwizithuba zikawonke wonke, intetho ingathotyelwa “kwixesha, indawo, kunye nendlela” imiqathango edibenekileyo. Umzekelo, awunakukwazi ukumelana noqhankqala phakathi kohola wendlela, kodwa uyakwazi ukuhamba kwindlela ehamba ngemvume.

Ilungelo Lokuhlanganisa Ngoxolo

Unelungelo lokuhlanganisa nabanye ukuze bavakalise iingcamango ezabelanayo. Eli lungelo lisebenza kwizitrato, iipaki, kunye nezinye iingingqi zikawonke-wonke. Abasemagunyeni basenokufuna imvume yeendibano ezinkulu kodwa abanakukhanyela enye ngenxa yesigidimi. Bangayalela ukuba isihlwele sisasaze ukuba kukho utshaba olusemnyango, kodwa kufuneka sivumele ixesha lokuthobela. Okubalulekileyo: ukukrokraza okungenangqiqo [ kuyafuneka ukuphengulula ngexesha lemibhiyo; ii-ID zokuhlola eziqhelekileyo azivumelekanga.

Ilungelo Lokuqhelisela Unqulo Lwakho (Okanye Lungekho)

ISihlaziyo Sokuqala sithintela urhulumente ekumiseleni unqulo olusemthethweni okanye ekunqandeni ukuqhelisela imithambo yenkululeko. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mthandazo unyanzelekileyo kwizikolo zikawonke wonke, kodwa kwakhona kuthetha ukuba unokuzinxiba imiqondiso yonqulo okanye uthabathe ixesha lokuzigcina kwimisitho yonqulo, logama nje ingabangeli ubunzima obungeyomfuneko kubaqeshi (ngaphaya kweSihloko se-VII). Abaqeshi kufuneka benze indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza oko bekuya kubiza imali engaphezulu kuneyo.

Ilungelo Lokukhuselwa Ngokulinganayo Phantsi Komthetho

ISinyusi-Mpanzi se-14 siqinisekisa ukuba akukho zwe “liya kucetyiswa ngumntu okwigunya layo ukukhusela okulinganayo kwemithetho.” Esi sisiseko solucalulo olulucelomngeni kumapolisa, kwimfundo, kwivoti, nakwezinye izenzo zikarhulumente. Umgangatho wokuvavanywa kweenkundla uxhomekeke kulwahlulo: uhlanga nemvelaphi yesizwe lufumana uhlolo olungqongqo (enzima kakhulu ukuluthethelela), ubufana nobufana, kwaye ubudala bufumana isiseko esifanelekileyo. [FLT: 0] Ucalucalulo[[ imicimbi: ucalucalucalulo lungachaphazela umntu ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yokuxubana kwabo (umz., amabhinqa amnyama ajongene nekhethe elisukhlulwayo elisuka kumabhinqa amhlophe okanye amadoda antsundum).

Ilungelo Lokudlala

Ilungelo lokuvota likhuselwe yi15 (uhlobo), le-19 (ukwenyani), ele-24 (okanye eli-24) (akukho rhafu yonyuso), kunye nelama-26 (18+ ubudala), ukuhlaziywa komGaqo-nkqubo, kunye noMthetho wamaLungelo. Noko ke, imithetho yokuvota iyahluka ngokwesizwe. Unelungelo kwi-odolokhwe yowiso-mthetho ukuba igama lakho aliveli kwiiroli. Ukuba ungumntu onesiphene, indawo yakho yokunyusela kufuneka ifikeleleke okanye ungacela umfomati ongekhoyo. Amanye amazwe afuna i-ID; ukuba uswele, amaqela ozamkela isiXhombo.

Ukuchasana Nophando Olungenangqiqo Nezinto Ezingekho Mthethweni

UHlomelo lwesine lukukhusela ekufuneni amapolisa ngaphandle kogunyaziso okanye isizathu esilindelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akufuneki ukuba uvume ukuphengulula. Ukuba utsalwe ngoxa uqhuba, igosa lingacela ilayisensi kunye nokubhaliswa, kodwa ungakwala ukuphengululwa kwemoto yakho ngaphandle kokuba kukho isizathu esinokwenzeka (umz., ubungqina obubonakalayo bolwaphulo-mthetho). Ngokufanayo, amapolisa akakwazi ukungena kwikhaya lakho ngaphandle kwemvume, ngaphandle kweemeko zongxamiseko. Ukwazi ukuba uqinisekisa eli lungelo (*) ngokuthi “Andivumi ukuphendla"" ngaphandle kokuba umele ukuba uphangenzile.""

Indlela Yokuwaqinisekisa Amalungelo Akho Amakhaya: Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo

Amalungelo aluncedo kuphela xa uwaqhelisela. Nawa amanyathelo obuchule kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuba Uvalelwe Ngamapolisa

  • [[UMTL: 0] Zigcine uzolile kwaye uthobile. Musa ukubaleka, ukuphikisana, okanye ukuxhathisa ngokomzimba, nokuba ukholelwa ukuba amalungelo akho ayaphulwa. Ukulwa umqolo kungakhula kuse kwityala elisemthethweni.
  • Lazi ilungelo lakho lokuthula. Kumaphondo amaninzi, akuyomfuneko ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokunika igama lakho ne-ID. Yithi “Ndiqhelisela ilungelo lam lokuthula” kwaye ndicele igqwetha.
  • Musa ukuvuma ukuphendla. utsho ngokucacileyo, “Andivumi ukukhangela.” Kodwa ukuba uphengululo lwamapolisa luye, musa ukuphazamisa; phawula kwaye ucel ’ umngeni kamva.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Iqolo lengxubusho. Unelungelo lokuthatha amapolisa kwifilimu ngokubanzi logama nje ungangeneleli.

Ukuba Usebenza Ngocalucalulo

  • Uxwebhu lonke. Ugcine idayari yeziganeko, kuquka imihla, amaxesha, amangqina, kunye nayo nayiphi na uthungelwano olubhaliweyo. Gcina ii-imeyili kunye nemiyalezo yokubhaliweyo.
  • Ingxelo ngaphakathi. Landela inkqubo yokukhalaza komqeshi wakho (ngokufuthi ugqithe kwi HR). Ukuba inkampani ayenze nto, unomzekelo onamandla kamva.
  • I-fayile uxanduva nge-EEOC. Uneentsuku ezili-180 ukusuka kucalulo ukuya kwifayile (ientsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu kwamanye amazwe). I-EOC izakuphanda kwaye inikezele “ilungelo lokufaka ileta”, ikuvumela ukuba uthathe eli tyala kwinkundla yesizwe.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Igqwetha. Abameli abaninzi bemisebenzi banikela uhlolo lwasekuqaleni olukhululekileyo. Jonga enye ekhethekileyo kumalungelo oluntu okanye ucalulo lwemisebenzi.

Ukuba Indlu Yakho Igatyiwe

  • cela isizathu esibhaliweyo. AmaMondloster kufuneka anikeze isizathu esisemthethweni, esingangenisi rhafu sokukhanyela (umz., ityala elibi, ingeniso enganele). Ukuba ayala okanye anika isizathu esingacacanga esifana no- “ingqiqo ye-land,” enokukrokrela.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-HID. Ungafaka isikhalazo kwilayini okanye ngemfonomfono. I-HID izakuphanda kwaye izame ukuhlanganisa. Ukuba akukho sivumelwano sifikelelweyo, unobangela ungaya kwi-meta yolawulo.
  • Ukusebenza ngokulungiselela izindlu ezifanelekileyo. Ingeniso efana neNational Fair House Alliance inganikezela ngovavanyo (ukuqinisekisa ukuba ababini abafake izicelo beentlanga ezahlukeneyo baphathwa ngokwahlukileyo) kunye noncedo olusemthethweni.

Ukuba Ujongene Nocalucalulo Olungenakucalucalulwa

  • [[FLT: 0] Cela indawo yokuhlala esengqiqweni. Yenza umqeshi wakho okanye umnikezeli wenkonzo ekubhaleni. Umzekelo, cela ithambeka, itoliko lolwimi lwezandla, okanye ucwangciso lomsebenzi olulungisiweyo. Isicelo kufuneka singqale kwaye sidibane nesiphene sakho.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Ifayile isikhalazo ngeDOJ okanye iEEOC. Ixhomekeke ekubeni ulwaphulo lusemsebenzini okanye kufikelelo lukawonke-wonke, isibonelelo esifanelekileyo siza kuphanda. I-ADA ikwavumela ukumangalelwa kwabucala.
  • Amaqela akhubazekayo anelungelo lokukhubazeka. Amaqela afana neDisability Rights Education & Ukhuselo lweNgxowa-mali (DEDREFF) anganikeza ukhokelo.

Ucelomngeni Lwangaphambili Kumalungelo Abemi

Ngoxa kukho izinto ezininzi ezikhusela abantu, kuye kwavela ezinye izinto ezisongela abantu ezifuna abemi bahlale bephaphile.

Ukucinezelwa Kwezinto Nemithetho Yokhetho Yokuthembeka

Ukususela ngo-2020, uninzi lwamazwe luye lwamisela imithetho ecutha ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ibeka imfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo, ilinganisela ii-imeyilesiain boloot, kunye nokukhupha iirolokhwe zovota. La manyathelo ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto achaphazela abavoti bemibala, abantu abaneziphene, kunye nabantu abaphantsi abafunyenweyo. Brennan Center yeJaji [ ilandela le nkqubela kwaye inika oovimba.

Utshintsho Lokuziphatha Nobulungisa Bezaphuli - mthetho

Amatyala aphezulu e-profile ehambo engafanelekanga yamapolisa axhokonxa iingxoxo ezimalunga nokukhusela ukukhusela ukudleka (ezithi amagosa anokukhusela ekumangalelweni), imfuneko yokuvelela ngokwawo, kunye nendima yeekhamera zomzimba. Ukhuselo lweSine sokuHlaziya luphantsi koxinzelelo ngokunyuka kwe- “noprockknock". Imvume kunye nokuyeka ukudlula kwangaphambi kwemibhalo. Amaqela olwaphulo-mthetho afana [[FLT: 0] ACLU [ii-FLT]] atyhalela umthetho ozakuthintela ukuva, kufuneka kuqokelelwe ugcino-data ekunqanyulweni, kwaye aphuculwe ukuphendulelwa komthetho.

Amanani obuqu kunye nobuninzi

Ukhuseleko loMphetho-mva wesine wokuzikhusela ekuphandeni okungekho ngqiqweni lwenzelwe izithuba eziphathekayo. Namhlanje, oorhulumente bayakwazi ukufumana umthamo omkhulu wogcino-lwazi olusuka kwifowuni, kwi-media yentlalo-ntle, nakwizixhobo ezichuliweyo. INkundla ePhakamileyo ibambelele kwelokuba amapolisa afune isiqinisekiso sokufumana i-cellphone data (] Carpenter v. United States, 2018]). Noko ke, ugcino-lwazi olubanjwe ngamaqela amathathu (njengomxhasi wakho we-intanethi) lungafumana ukhuseleko olubuthathaka. Izazi zamalungelo abo xa bemisiwe emdeni okanye becelwa ukuba basebenzise i-password, kwaye bacinge ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhowuda.

Umahluko: Indlela Uhlanga, Isini Neqela Elingavisisaniyo Ngayo

Amalungelo amakhaya anqabile ukuphulwa ngokungaqhelekanga. Ibhinqa elimnyama lingase lijongene nocalucalulo olungabanjwanga ngokupheleleyo luhlanga lwalo okanye ubufanasini balo kuphela. IiNkundla ziya ziqonda ngokukhula ukuba “icandelwana” lithetha phantsi kweSihloko VII, nangona umthetho usachaza. Ukuqonda ukuba amalungelo akho akhusela zonke iinkalo zobuntu bakho kunokukunceda unyuse ityala elomeleleyo xa ikhethe lisongelwe.

Imithombo yolwazi oluthe gqolo noncedo olusemthethweni

Ngeli ngezantsi kukho imibutho engundoqo nemaziko karhulumente anikela inkcazelo, uncedo olusemthethweni, kunye nolawulo.

  • Inkululeko yengingqi yeMelika (ACLU): aclu.org – Inika uyakwazi 76 iisikhokelo zakho ezilungile, uhlaziyo, uhlaziyo, kunye norhulumente 939 oovimba kwinkululeko yokuthetha, imisebenzi yamapolisa, ukuvota, nezinye.
  • IKhomishini ye-Opportunity (EOC): 'eeoc.gov – Ifayile ityala localulo, ukufunda ngamalungelo omsebenzi, kunye namanani okufikelela kumsebenzi.
  • U.S. Isebe lamaLungelo oLuntu – uLwiso-Malungelo aBani: [[FT:2] ubulungisa.gov/crt – i-Emplications commental arnument arnumbers Act, iquka i-ADA, Fair Howards, kunye nemithetho engekho mthethweni yamapolisa. Ungafaka isikhalazo kwi-intanethi.
  • Intlangano yesizwe yeNkqubela-phambili Yabantu Abanombala (NAACP):[ acp.org--Ijolise kwimithetho yobuhlanga, ukhuseleko olusemthethweni, kunye nocwangco lwengingqi. Inikezela ngobuncwane bokufundisa kunye neengqungquthela zomanyano.
  • yasemazantsi oMthetho wobuhlwempu (SPLC): splcenter.org - ukruthakrutha amaqela entiyo kwaye unika uncedo olusemthethweni ngeprojekthi yobuGcisa kunye neProjekthi yokuSebenza.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imali yokhuselo yamaLungelo eDiso & iNgxowa-mali yokhuselo (DDDF): df.org – inikezela inkxaso ekhethekileyo kubantu abakhubazekileyo abahamba nge ADA, I-IEA, neminye imithetho.
  • Abalawuli bomthetho besizwe Guild (NLG): .org – Uthungelwano lwamagqwetha aqhubela phambili anika abajongi abasemthethweni abalungiselela ukuqhankqalaza kwaye bangakudibanisa namagqwetha amalungelo abantu.
  • Imanyano yeSizwe: Amazwe amaninzi anenkonzo yegqwetha elinokukuthelekisa negqwetha lamalungelo abantu kuhlolo lokuqala olusezantsi.

Isiphelo: Amalungelo Kuqheliselo Oluphilayo

Amalungelo oluntu akaloluhlu olusisigxina lwamagama omgaqo-siseko, `awuqheliselo oluphilayo olumele lufundwe, lukhuselwe, lunyuswe. Ngokuqonda imilo yembali esemva kwenkululeko yakho, ukwazi imithetho engqalileyo ekukhuselayo, kunye nokuyila ngokucacileyo xa loo malungelo ecetywa, uba ngumxhasi osebenzayo wedemokhrasi. Ufanele ugcine okusesikweni okulinganayo wena nabanye. Zigcine, thetha xa ubona ukungalungisi, kwaye ungaze ujongele phantsi igunya lomntu omnye eligxininisa ilungelo elinzima kubantu abaninzi.