Ukuzivelela Njengophawu Lomthetho WaseMerika

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwendalo yenye yezona ndlela zilandelayo kwinkqubo yomthetho eUnited States, eyenza abemi bamanye amazwe babe ngabemi abapheleleyo base-U.S. Olu tshintsho asilonyathelo nje lolawulo; yincopho engqongqo elungelelanisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe, ukudibana kwezentlalo-ntle yoluntu, nesithembiso sedemokhrasi yaseMerika. Ukuqonda indlela indalo elungelene ngayo nemeko ebanzi esemthethweni kucacisa amalungelo, iimbopheleleko, nemigaqo yesiseko exhasa ubumi boluntu eUnited States.

Ukwenziwa kwabantu babe nokuma okusemthethweni okufanayo kwabemi bomthonyama, kuquka ilungelo lokuvota, ukuba neofisi kawonke-wonke (ngaphandle kobungangameli kunye nesekela lobungangamsha), nokufumana ipassport yase-U. nokokuba, indlela yokuya kubemi ayizenzekela okanye ayilula. Ilawulwa yimithetho yorhulumente, imigaqo yowiso-mthetho, imigaqo-mthetho, kunye namashumi eminyaka yokucaciswa kwezomthetho. Eli nqaku lihlola iziseko lokwemvelo, inyathelo elingu-presette, amalungelo nemisebenzi eliyalo elibangela ukuba lizivelela, indaleko, kunye nemingeni eqhubekayo engoko engoko engokomthetho elawula lomthetho elawula lomthetho wokufuduka.

Isiseko Esisemthethweni Sokwenziwa Kwendalo

Ukusetyenziswa komthetho wendalo kuphela kungumbandela womthetho wesizwe, ofumana igunya kwiGatya I, iCandelo lesi-4 loMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S., elinika iNgqungquthela amandla “okumisela umthetho ofanayo wokuzinza.” Esi gunya somGaqo-siseko siqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iyavumelana kuwo onke amaphondo kunye nemimandla. I-INA imisela imiqathango yokusebenza, izicwangciso, kunye neenkqubo ezimele zonke izimemo zilandele.

Iimfuno ezingundoqo phantsi kwe-INA ziquka:

  • Ikhaya elihlala lihleli nobukho obusemzimbeni eUnited States
  • Ubuchule bokufunda, bokubhala nokuthetha isiNgesi
  • Ulwazi nokuqonda imbali norhulumente waseUnited States (amaSimini)
  • Ukuziphatha kakuhle
  • Uncamathelo kwimigaqo yomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S.
  • Ukuvuma ukuphatha iingalo okanye ukwenza inkonzo engaphithanisiyo njengoko kufuneka ngumthetho

I-U.S. Uminitialship kunye ne-Immigration Services (USCIS), umbutho ongaphakathi kweSebe loKhuseleko lwengingqi, unika inkqubo yokuyila. I-USCIS iquka ulawulo oluzinzileyo lwezicelo, iiNdlu-nqununu, kunye nokunika iimvavanyo ezifunekayo. Isiseko somthetho sikwaquka imimiselo emininzi efunyenwe kwiSihlo 8 seKhodi yeFederal Regpozigment (8 FR), enika ukhokelo oluzinzileyo kubungqina, ii-ravers, kunye neendleko. Ukukhangela nzulu kwimimiselo yesiseko, ukutyelela [[FLT:] u-USCIS iphepha kwi-I[FLT] [FFLD:1]

Inkqubo Yokwemvelo: Ukusuka Kwisicelo Ukuya Kwisingqi

Uhambo lokuya kubemi baseUnited States luquka amanqanaba aliqela awahlukeneyo, ngalinye lilawulwa yimithetho engqongqo.

Inyathelo 1: Ukuzichaza

Phambi kokufaka isicelo, ummi osisigxina osemthethweni (onesibambi samakhadi aluhlaza) kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba bahlangabezana neemeko zokungangeni mvume. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinane, babengummi osisigxina ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu (okanye iminyaka emithathu ukuba batshate nommi wase-U.S.), kwaye baye bahlala kwingingqi yezwe okanye e-USCIS apho bafaka khona ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu.

Inyathelo 2: Ifomati yeN- 400

Isicelo senziwe usebenzisa iForm N-400, Isicelo sokwemvelo. Olu hlobo lubanzi luqokelela ulwazi lobuqu, imbali yokuhlala, iinkcukacha zomsebenzi, ukuhamba ngaphandle kwe-United States, kunye nolwazi malunga nayo nayiphi na irekhodi yezolwaphulo-mthetho okanye inxaxheba kwiintlangano. Isifaki-sicelo kufuneka sihlawule umrhumo wemali yefashoni kunye nomrhumo we-biometrics. USCIS ibuyekezela isicelo sokugqibelela kwaye ingakhupha isicelo sobungqina ukuba ulwazi lulahlekile okanye alucacile.

Inyathelo 3: Ingqokelela yemijelo

Emva kokuba isicelo sifakiwe, umfaki-sicelo ucwangciselwe ukuba amiselwe iprojekthi yebhayoloji. Kweli dinga, iminwe, umfanekiso, notyikityo luthatyathwe. Ezi zibonelelo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza uvavanyo lwesiqalo kwii-database zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neerekhodi zokufuduka.

Inyathelo 4: Udliwano - ndlebe

Udliwano-ndlebe lokwemvelo linyathelo elibalulekileyo. Igosa le-USCIS lihlola isicelo nomfaki-sicelo lize linike imbali yolwimi lwesiNgesi kunye neemvavanyo zamaphondo. Uvavanyo lwamaNgesi luvavanya ukufunda, ukubhala, kunye nokuthetha. Uvavanyo lwezentlalo-ntle luquka imibuzo elishumi esuka kuludwe lwe-100 enokwenzeka malunga no-U.S. imbali, urhulumente, kunye namalungelo. Abacebisi kufuneka baphendule ubuncinane isi-6 kwi 10 kwi-nyaniso. Iisicelo ezikhoyo kunye neendawo zokuhlala zifumaneka kubantu abadala abathile okanye abakhubazekile.

Inyathelo 5: Isigqibo Nesinyithi

Ukuba i-USCIS iyasivumela isicelo, umfaki-sicelo ucwangciselwe umsitho wokwemvelo. Emsithweni, umfaki-sicelo uthatha [[FLT: 0] isifungo se-Alance, elahla ukunyaniseka kulo nawuphi na urhulumente wasemzini kunye nenkxaso eqinileyo kwi-U.Alandela isifungo, umfaki-sicelo ufumana isiqinisekiso sokwenziwa kwendalo, esisebenza njengobungqina bobumi. Umsitho wento ngumzekelo wokugqibela oguqula ummi osisigxilo osemthethweni abe ngummi osemthethweni kwi-U.S.

Ukhokelo olusemthethweni kwinyathelo ngalinye, bhekisa kuxanduva lokusebenzisa i- ukwenziwa kwento ezenzekelayo kunye novavanyo iphepha.

Amalungelo Asemthethweni Neembopheleleko Zabemi Bemvelo

Abemi bendalo banandipha phantse amalungelo afanayo nalawo abomthonyama. Awona malungelo abalulekileyo aquka:

  • Ilungelo lokuvota kurhulumente, kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni
  • Ilungelo lokuphatha iiofisi zikawonke-wonke (ngaphandle komongameli kunye nesekela lobungangamsha)
  • Ilungelo lokufaka isicelo sepasi yokundwendwela yaseUnited States nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo
  • Ilungelo lokucela amalungu entsapho ukuba afuduke
  • Ilungelo lokucima umsebenzi nokhuseleko

Noko ke, ubumi bukwaneembopheleleko ezisemthethweni.

  • Yithobele yonke imithetho karhulumente, karhulumente neyasekuhlaleni
  • Ukuhlawula irhafu kwingeniso efunyenweyo
  • Ukusebenza kwimibutho yabachopheli-mali xa bebizwa
  • Likhusele ilizwe ngamaxesha entswelo (ukuba lifunwa ngumthetho)
  • Bhalisa ngeNkonzo yokuKhetha (ukuba yindoda okanye uneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu)

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ubumi bendalo busisigxina, kodwa bungarhoxiswa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ezifana nokuba umfaki-sicelo uqhatha ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhlaziywa. Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kommandla sisenzo esisemthethweni esisungulwe ngurhulumente, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenkundla yesizwe. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ingqibelelo yobumi igcinwe.

Ukuguquka Komthetho Wemvelo Ngokwembali

Umthetho wokwenziwa kwendalo eUnited States uye waguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ekusungulweni kwesizwe. Umthetho wokuqala wokwemvelo, uMthetho wokuTshamisa wewaka linamakhulu amabini , uthintela ubumi obubodwa ukuba “bakhulule abantu abamhlophe” bobuntu obulungileyo ababehlala kwilizwe iminyaka emibini. Lo mqathango wobuhlanga noweentlobo zobufana, wawubonakalisa izithethe zoluntu kunye nezopolitiko zexesha. Kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, umthetho wendalo owandiswa ukuquka aseAfrika abalandeli be-Afrika abalandela imfazwe yamakhaya (ngendlela ye-14 yokuhlaziywe-Promenti kunye noMthetho we-Cremistry), kwaye kamva uquka abantu abasuka kwisizwe sase-Asia, ababengamele ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yemithetho yobumi.

Isiseko sophawu unyuso kunye noMthetho weNationality wo1952 waphelisa imiqathango yobuhlanga neyobufanasini kwaye wadibanisa ezininzi zeemfuno ezisasetyenziswa namhlanje. Intengiso yonyaka ka1965 yasusa umlinganiselo wemvelaphi yesizwe, ukwenziwa kwangaphambi kolwandiso lentsapho kunye nabaphambukeli abanobuchule. Kutshanje, [[FLT:]] uMthetho wokwahlula-mthetho wendalo ka 1990 wandisa inani lemisebenzi esekelwe kwi-vscs kwaye wazisa ivota eyahlukeneyo. Ezi zinguquko zilungise ulwaniso lwemeko zobuzwe lwe-United States kwaye ziyaqhubeka ukuphembele inkqubo yendalo.

Kwixesha elininzi, khangela i USA.gov imbali yemithetho yokufuduka ye-U.S..

Ucelomngeni Nokweenkcukacha Ezingokwasemthethweni Ngokusetyenziswa Kwemvelo

Nangona ihlelwe ngendlela eyiyo, inkqubo yokuyila isenokuzisa iingxaki eziphawulekayo ezingokwasemthethweni.

  • Iziganeko ezisekelwe ekungabini nobuntu obulungileyo: ulwaphulo-mthetho, ugonyamelo lwasekhaya, amatyala eziyobisi, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula inkxaso yabantwana zingakhokelela ekukhanyeni. Abahlohli abanengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho bacetyiswa ukuba badibane negqwetha elithetha ngokufuduka.
  • Impikiswano okanye ukushiya isicelo: Ukungavumelani nezithuba ezidlulileyo zokufuduka okanye iingxelo zodliwano-ndlebe zingenza isiphumo sokubhekisa kwinkundla yokufuduka ukwenzela ukususwa kwentlanganiso.
  • Ithuba lokufikelela iimfuno zokuhlala: Uhambo olululiweyo ngaphandle kwe-United States lungalwaphula ulungiso lokuhlala oluqhubekekayo.
  • Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kommandla:[ Ukuba urhulumente ufumanile ukuba ubumi bufunyenwe ngokuqhatha okanye ngokugqwetha, bunga faka ityala loluntu lokuphelisa ubumi. Ukusetyenziswa kohlobo lomntu kunqabile kodwa kunokuba neziphumo ezitshabalalisayo.

Ukongezelela, uhlolo logwebo lukhona kubacebisi abakholelwa ukuba isicelo sabo asivunywanga ngokuphosakeleyo. Bangabhenela ngaphakathi kwe-USCIS okanye bafake ityala lokungangeni mthetho kwinkundla yesithili yephondo phantsi kweCandelo 310 leINA. Iinkundla zithathe indima ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni umthetho wendalo, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo, nokucacisa imilinganiselo yesimilo esilungileyo, amandla olwimi, kunye nokunamathela kuMgaqo-siseko.

Ukuba Ngabemi Bobabini Nokuzimela

I-United States ayibuvumi ngokusemthethweni ubumi bazo zombini kwimithetho yayo, kodwa kwakhona ayikuthinteli oko. INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yathi urhulumente akasayi kuthabatha amanyathelo okuphelisa ubumi bomntu wasemzini ngaphandle kokuba kufuneke ngokukhethekileyo ngumthetho. Njengombandela osebenzayo, abemi abaninzi bendalo bahlala benabo ubumi kwilizwe labo lemvelaphi yabo, logama elo lizwe likuvumela oko. Noko ke, iOath of Allegiance iquka isithembiso sokunikezela nokuthembeka kubo bonke ubukhokhobonke ubukhomo benkosi yasemzini, urhulumente onegunya, okanye ulawulo lwamazwe athile." Kwezinye iimeko, amazwe anjengeTshayina, i-India, kunye neJapan kufuneka abantu balahle ubumi babo bemvelo phambi kokuba benziwe ngama-United States, ngoxa abanye (njengeKhanadada, kunye ne-Mexico) abanqophi nabemi baseMexico.

Abemi abazimeleyo kufuneka bathobele imithetho yawo omabini amazwe, kuquka iimfanelo zerhafu, iimfuno zenkonzo yasemkhosini, kunye nemiqathango yokuhamba. Urhulumente wase-U.S. ukhuthaza abemi abadaliweyo ukuba bayazi ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yobuzwe obubini. ISebe likaRhulumente linika ukhokelo kulo mba Bureau of Consational Affairs Affairs iphepha eliphindiweyo lesizwe.[[FLT: 1]]

Indima ye-USCIS nenkqubo yezeejaji

Ngoxa i-USCIS iyinkqubo ephambili yokusingatha imicimbi yendalo, inkqubo yokugweba idlala indima ebalulekileyo yokuvelela. Iinkundla zesithili zeFederal ziyakwazi ukufaka izicelo zendalo, nangona inkoliso yendalo inokwenzeka ngemibhiyozo yolawulo. Iinkundla ziyakwazi ukuhlola ukukhanyelwa, ii-writs ze-mandamus ezikhutshwayo ukunyanzela izicelo ezikhawulezileyo, nokuphulaphula amatyala okuzinzisa izinto ezizenzekelayo eziziswa ngurhulumente.

Ngaphezu koko, iinkundla zitolika iINA nomGaqo-siseko kwiimbambano zendalo. Umzekelo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iye yawisa isigqibo ngamalungelo abemi bendalo ngokuchasene nabemi bomthonyama, ukusetyenziswa komgangatho wokuziphatha okuhle, nomlinganiselo wemfuneko yokubuyiselwa. Oku kujongwa kwetyala kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuziqhelanisa ihlala ivisisana nemigaqo esisiseko yokusesikweni kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo.

Ukwenziwa Kwendalo Nokhuseleko Lwesizwe

Ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko lwesizwe kusekelwe ngokunzulu kumthetho wokuzimela izinto zemvelo. I-INA iyawugweba umgaqo-nkqubo wokwemvelo kubantu ababeyimibutho evukelayo, abaye benza izenzo zobugrogrisi, okanye abaye batshutshisa abanye phantsi kolawulo loozwilakhe. Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yokuzinzisa indalo lunzima, lubandakanya iFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), iSebe leSebe leMibutho yeeNtlalo, namanye amaqumrhu ango.

Emva kokuhlaselwa ngoSeptemba 11, kwaphunyezwa amanyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo, kuquka imfuneko yokufaka ugcino-lwazi lwebhayoloji kwaye bafumane igama elithe kratya. Inkqubo yoKhuseleko loluntu namanye amanyathelo ogcino-lwazi adibanise i-USCIS nezomthetho wezolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko lwesizwe. Ngoxa la manyathelo enzelwe ukukhusela uhlanga, akwanyuse inkxalabo malunga nenkqubo ekhoyo kunye neempazamo ezikubhalwa kwiingxelo ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekulibaziseni okanye ekukhanyeni ngokungafanelekanga.

Indlela Yobumi: Ukwenziwa komsebenzi wendalo v.

Ukuzimela ngokwayo asiyondlela yodwa yokufumana ubumi base-U.S. Abantwana abazalelwe kwamanye amazwe kubazali bommi wase-U.S. banokufumana ubumi ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba ngummi wakhona oqhelekileyo . UMthetho weChild Cintugizenship ka 2000 walungiselela ubumi obuzenzekelayo kubantwana basemzini abazalwe ngaphantsi kwe-18, abahlala eUnited States kumzali osemthethweni nomzimba wommi wase-U.S.

Ukwenziwa kwendalo, ngokwahlukileyo, yinkqubo yokukhetha kubantu abadala abasele bekho kwindlu ehlala ngokusemthethweni. Umahluko ubalulekile kuba ubumi obuvela kwi-projekthi abufuni sicelo okanye uvavanyo; buyilwe ngumthetho. Noko ke, ukufumana isiqinisekiso sobumi (Form N-600 okanye N-600K) kuyimfuneko ukuba nobungqina obusemthethweni beengenelo zohambo norhulumente.

Isiphelo: Intsingiselo Ehlala Ikho

Ukusetyenziswa kwendalo kusengundoqo kwinkqubo yomthetho waseMerika kwaye kusisiqinisekiso sokuzimisela kwesizwe ukudibanisa abaphambukeli kwilaphu laso loluntu. Le nkqubo icwangciswe ngokugqibeleleyo, iqinisekisa ukuba abemi abatsha bakulungele ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo nokufeza imisebenzi yabo. Ukusuka kwiSivumelwano somGaqo-siseko sokunika amandla okuqulunqwa, ukuya kumalungiselelo achazayo eINA, kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wamagosa e-USCIS kunye nabagwebi besizwe, ukusetyenziswa kobuzwe yinto engundoqo engokwasemthethweni echaphazela izigidi zabantu nyaka ngamnye.

Kumntu wonke ocinga ngokwenziwa kwendalo, ukuqonda isiseko somthetho linyathelo lokuqala. Olu hambo lufuna umonde, ulungiselelo, yaye ngokufuthi ukhokelo olusemthethweni. Kodwa umvuzo . "umvuzo opheleleyo" kwidemokhrasi yedemokhrasi yehlabathi elidala kakhulu,(ingumgamsheli). Njengokuba ubumi base-U.S. buguquka ngomthetho, ukufezekisa indalo kuya kuqhubeka kuyibhulorho ebalulekileyo phakathi kwesithembiso seMelika yeDream kunye nenkcopho yomthetho waseMerika.