Rajeya Sabra Iyure yombuzo neyure yeqanda: Inkqubo, ukubaluleka kunye nophuhliso lwakutshanje

IRaje Sabra, iBhunga lase-United States, lilimbombo lenkqubo ye-bitaral ye-Indiya. Asilogumbi lokuphinda lifumaneke kodwa ligumbi elinamandla lokuqwalasela, ukuqwalasela, nokuphendula. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yalo enamandla yiloo Iyure kunye [FLT] ne Hour — izixhobo ezimbini ezicacileyo ezinceda amalungu afumane ingqwalaselo yokuphendula nokuphakamisa imicimbi engxamisekileyo. Ngoxa kubonakala ngathi zisebenza kakuhle, zisebenzisa ubunjani bolawulo-melo-moya kunye nolawulo-lulawulo.

Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo kubandakanya imvelaphi yazo, indaleko, imithetho yokuganana, nocelomngeni olusebenzisekayo ekujongwana nalo kwimeko - bume yemithetho entsonkothileyo. Eli nqaku linikela uhlolisiso oluphangaleleyo lwazo zombini ezi nkqubo, ukubaluleka kwazo nendima yazo ekuqiniseni ulwalathiso lwepalamente.

Imvelaphi Nendaleko Yemibuzo YePalamente EIndiya

Isiko lokubuza imibuzo kumphathi ophetheyo ngexesha leentlanganiso zepalamente linemvelaphi yayo kwinkqubo yeBritane Westminster, eyazuzwa njengefa yaza yavisiswa ngayo. IRajiya Sabba yaqala ukuhlanganisa ngo-13 Meyi 1952, kwaye ukususela ekusungulweni kwayo, iyure yombuzo yenzelwe ukuba ibe lixesha lokuphendula ngqo. Ingcamango yeZero Hour yavela kamva, ikhula ngokweenkcubeko njengoko amalungu ayefuna indawo ephambili yokunyusa imicimbi engaxutyushwa yimibuzo esemthethweni.

Ekuqaleni, zombini ezi zindlu zalandela iinkqubo ezilula. Noko ke, njengoko imibuzo emininzi yanda kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zeembambano, imithetho kaRaje Sabba yeProcedure yatshintshwa izihlandlo eziliqela — ngokukodwa ngo-2004 nango-2014 — ukuqukumbela ukuvunywa nokudweliswa kwemibuzo nokucwangciswa kwendlela yeMoro Hour. Ezi nguqulelo zijolise ekulungelelaniseni ilungelo lamalungu ukuphakamisa imibandela kunye nemfuneko yokuqhuba ngocwangco.

Iyure Yombuzo ERaje Sabha

Iinkcazelo kunye nenjongo

Iyure yombuzo yiyure yokuqala yosuku lokuhlala (ngaphandle kokuba ichazwe nguSihlalo) enikezelwe kumbuzo obhekiswe kumalungu asiya kubalungiseleli. Injongo yayo ephambili kukufumana ulwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo, izigqibo zolawulo, kunye neenkqubo zikarhulumente. Isebenza njengenkqubo yokuphendula [[[FLT: 0]] — inyanzelisa abalungiseleli ukukhusela izenzo zabo nokucacisa izicwangciso zabo phambi kwendlu, kunye, ngokongeza, noluntu.

Iindidi Zemibuzo

Imibuzo eRajeya Sabha yahlulwa yaziintlobo ezimbini eziyintloko, nganye ineenkqubo ezahlukileyo:

  • Imibuzo ecacileyo (SQS): Ezi zifuna impendulo yomlomo kumgangatho wendlu. Ilungu elabuza umbuzo linelungelo lokubuza umbuzo omnye okanye ngaphezulu ukuze licaciswe. Amanye amalungu angavunyelwa nguSihlalo ukubuza ukulandelela. Imibuzo ekhanyisiweyo idweliswe kuluhlu lwemihla ngemihla olubizwayo, kwaye inani elisikelwe umda (okwakudla ngokuba ngu 20) linokuphendulwa ngokuvakalayo kwintlanganiso.
  • Imibuzo engacacanga (IINQS): Ezi zifumana impendulo ebhaliweyo kumphathiswa, obekwe etafileni yendlu kwaye ashicilelwe kwiirekhodi ezisemthethweni. Akukho zizongezelelo zomlomo ezivumelekileyo. Ilungu lingathumela kwinani elithile lemibuzo engakhange iqwalaselwe ngentlanganiso nganye — ngoku, umda yintlanganiso elishumi yohlobo ngalunye ludityanisiwe.

Ukongezelela, imibuzo inokuba yeyesaziso sethutyana (ithetha ngombandela wokubaluleka kukawonke-wonke okungxamisekileyo), enokuphendulwa ngomlomo ngexesha elikhethekileyo ngemvume kaSihlalo. Noko ke, imibuzo enjalo inqabile kwaye iphantsi kweemeko ezingqongqo.

Isenzo sokugunyazisa nokudwelisa

Inkqubo iqala iiveki phambi kwentlanganiso. Amalungu anikezela imibuzo yawo ngokubhalela uNobhala-Jikelele weRajeya Sabha, enamathela kwimithetho emalunga nokungaguquguquki. USeshotariat uphengulula umbuzo ngamnye ukuze avume — umzekelo, imibuzo kufuneka ingqale, ingafuni inkcazelo esele ikhona kumaxwebhu kawonke-wonke, ingaqulathanga lwimi lwamathandabuzo, kwaye ingachatshazelwa kwimicimbi ephantsi okanye kuxanduva lobulungiseleli.

Xa ivunyiwe, imibuzo iyacaciswa kwaye yabelwe inani. Imibuzo ekhanyisiweyo enokubaluleka okuphezulu (esekelwe kumhla wesaziso kunye nokuzoba amaqashiso) idweliswe kuqala. I-ofisi kaSihlalo iqinisekisa kwakhona umelo olulungeleleneyo lwenkonzo ukutyhubela intlanganiso. Ngosuku lokuphendula, umfundisi unika impendulo ecacileyo kumbuzo ngamnye oququlunqiweyo, elandelwa yimibuzo eyongezelelekileyo.

Indima KaSihlalo

USihlalo weRaje Sabba (ngoku onguMphathi-Mphathi waseIndiya) ulawula iyure yombuzo ngobulumko obubalulekileyo. Angawucima umbuzo okanye owongezelelekileyo ukuba uyayichasa imithetho, ichitha ixesha, okanye iyaphindaphindwa. USihlalo unika ixesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibuzo emininzi iphendulwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uSihlalo usoloko ebongoza amalungu ukuba abeke umda kwimiba emibini yofakelo ukunqanda ukupheka i-ijing, okanye avumele imibuzo emininzi ithathwe.

Iyure yeqanda: Ifolom ebhetyebhetye Kwiimbambano Ezingxamisekileyo

Iyintoni Iyure KaZero?

Iyure yeZero lelo xesha ngokukhawuleza emva kweyure yombuzo — eqheleke ukusuka kwi 12 emini emaqanda de kuqalise ishishini eliqhelekileyo lemini. Igama elithi “Iyure” alichazwanga kwimithetho ye-Rajiya Sabha; ligama eliqhelekileyo elaqala kwii-1960. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Monitor Hour, akukho saziso sangaphambili esifunekayo ukunyusa umba ngexesha le-Zero. Amalungu asondela nje kuMhlali, athumele isaziso esibhaliweyo, kwaye ukuba avumelekile, enze ingxelo emfutshane.

Akukho xesha limiselweyo le-Zero Hour; inokubakho ukususela kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiyure engaphezu kwengaphezulu kuxhomekeka kwinani lamalungu afuna ukuthetha kunye necebo likaSihlalo. Kodwa ukususela ngo-2014, iRajiya Sabha iye yamkela imigaqo yokuqalisa iMoota ngemizuzu engama-30 ngemini, ilungu ngalinye lingavumeli mizuzu engaphezu kwemibini ukuba lithethe.

Iimpawu Eziyintloko Nomahluko

  • Akukho lungiselelo lifanelekileyo lokubuza — amalungu aphakamisa umbandela okanye afuna kwenziwe okuthile.
  • Akukho mlungiseleli unyanzelekile ukuba aphendule ngoko nangoko; lo mbandela ngokufuthi ubhekiselwa kubulungiseleli ukuze afumane inkcazelo okanye enze okuthile.
  • Iyure yeqanda ayixoxisani, kodwa isenokukhokelela kuSihlalo esivumela ingxubusho emfutshane ukuba ingcwatywe yaye amalungu amaninzi ayayixhasa.
  • Iyure yeqanda iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuphakamisa imibandela, izikhalo, kunye neengxaki ezivelayo ezingaxutyushwanga yimibuzo ekhankanyiweyo.

Ukubonakala Nehambo

Ilungu kufuneka linikezele isaziso esibhaliweyo sombandela abanqwenela ukuwuphakamisa, ukuchaza ungxamiseko nomsebenzi. Usihlalo ugqiba ukuba angawuvumela na. Lo mba ufanele ukuba ubaluleke eluntwini kwaye ungabi ngumbuzo osisigxina okanye umcimbi osele uphantsi kwengxoxo. Amalungu alindeleke ukuba abe mfutshane kwaye abe nenyaniso; nayiphi na ihambo engalungelelaniyo inokuba nesiphumo sokungathathi nxaxheba kweZero ebheke phambili.

Ukubaluleka Koomatshini Bobabini

Ukuphendula kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya

Iyure yombuzo kunye neyure yeZero zidityanisiwe ziqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uhlala ephendula kwiiPalamente phakathi kweentlanganiso zeekomiti ezimileyo neengxoxo zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. AbaPhathiswa kufuneka bachaze ekuhleni ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo, ukulibaziseka, kunye nezigqibo. Oku kubonakalisa uluntu kukhuthaza ukuthembana kwaye kwenza uluntu lukwazi ukulandelela imicimbi yolawulo.

Ulawulo lomthetho

Ngemibuzo elandelelwayo kunye nokulandela, amalungu angabhenca iintsilelo zolawulo, ukususwa kwemali, okanye ukungazalisekisi. Iyure yeqanda ivumela ukunyuka kwemicimbi efana noxinezeleko lomlimi, iingozi zoshishino, okanye iintlekele zemvelo ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo. Zizonke, zibumba inkqubo [ eqhubekayo yongamela esebenza ecaleni kohlolo lwekomiti.

Umelo lwenkxalabo kawonke-wonke

Amalungu eRajeya Sabha adla ngokuba ziingcaphephe, iinkcubeko kunye nabameli bamaphondo. Imibuzo yabo kunye neyure yeZero zibonakalisa imibandela yengingqi neyobuzwe ebeyinokungahoywa. Umzekelo, umbuzo ngeprojekthi yendlela ekwiphondo elikumntla-mpuma okanye iyure yeZero ekhankanya ngengxaki yempilo kwisithili esikude ingakhokelela ekungeneleni nasekuphuculeni kolungiselelo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo

AbaPhathiswa kunye nabalawuli basebenzisa ulwazi olufunyenwe kwimibuzo nakwiyure yeZero ukuchonga izithuba kwinkqubo. Imfuneko yokunika iimpendulo kumasebe anamandla ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi, ukuqwalasela ukusebenza, kunye namanyathelo okulungisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nkqubo iphucula inkqubo kunye nokusabela kolawulo.

Uthelekiso NoLok Sabha

Ngoxa zombini ezi zindlu zePalamente zinenkqubo efanayo, kukho umahluko ophawulekayo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Inani lemibuzo: Rajiya Sabha uvula imibuzo embalwa ngemini (kufutshane 20 ofakelweyo vs. 50 kwi Lok Sabha).
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imibuzo yemibuzo: Imibuzo ye Ravya Sabha isoloko ibandakanya inkqubo ebanzi, imali, kunye nemicimbi yomGaqo-siseko, enikwe indima yegumbi kumazwe ameleyo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Ulawulo lweyure ye-Zero: ELok Sabha, Izaziso zeyure yeZero ziphathwa nguMthethi onexesha elingqongqo; eRajiya Sabha, uSihlalo uyakwazi ukujika-jika kodwa ukwajamelene nocelomngeni lokuphazamiseka.
  • I-Actidance kunye nengqeqesho: Ngokwesithethe, iyure yombuzo kaRajiya Sabha ibone ukuba ingcono kakhulu ukuya nokuziphethe xa kuthelekiswa noLok Sabhaha, nangona oku kuye kwahluka kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa

Isakhiwo esisemva sokuRhuqa kunye noBunjani

Amawaka emibuzo ayanikezelwa sihlandlo ngasinye, kodwa liqhekeza kuphela elivunywayo ngenxa yezithintelo ezithe ngqo. Imibuzo emininzi engakhange iqwalaselwe ifumana ucwangciso okanye iimpendulo ezibhadulayo. Umlinganiselo wexesha osisigxina unyanzelisa abalungiseleli ukuba banikele iimpendulo ezifutshane, ngokufuthi bengawaneliseki amalungu. Oku kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kweMonitor Hour njengesixhobo sokuhlola okunyanisekileyo.

Ukuthotyelwa Nokungaqondwa

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, zombini i Hour yombuzo kunye neyure yeZero iye yaphazanyiswa yimibhiyozo engxolayo, ukungxola, nokuthubeleza. Maxa wambi uSihlalo unqumama ngenxa yesiphithiphithi. Oku kunciphisa injongo yezi ntlanganiso kunye nokuchitha ixesha elixabisekileyo lepalamente. Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kusoloko kuphenjelelwa ngokwezobupolitika, kusetyenziswa amalungu ukusebenzisa izingcambu zokuhlazisa urhulumente kunokuba afumane ulwazi.

Ukungabikho Komatshini Abalandelelwayo

Xa umbuzo uphendulwa okanye uphakanyiswe, akukho nkqubo isesikweni yokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente uthatha inyathelo. Abalungiseleli banokuthembisa ukukhangela kwinkupho, kodwa inkqubela yengxelo yenziwa ngokuzithandela. IKomiti yee-akhawunti zikawonke-wonke nezinye iikomiti ezimileyo zingaphanda, kodwa inkqubo ithatha ixesha kwaye ayinxulunyaniswa ngqo nemicimbi yemihla ngemihla.

UTshintsho lwamanani kunye noFikelelo

Ngeli xesha i-website yeRajiya Sabra ngoku inika ushwankathelo lwemihla ngemihla kunye neevidiyo zeziganeko, abemi abaninzi bakuthola kunzima ukukhangela imibuzo neempendulo. Ukuphengululwa kweempendulo, ukwenziwa kolwazi ngobulungiseleli, nokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho evulekileyo yogcino-lwazi kusekho kwiindawo zokuphucula. Raja Sabra''s inkqubo esemthethweni yolwazi amanqaku[ kunye [FLT]PRS]PR Legislativement Aphativentity ngxelo zengxelo ye-PLT ukunceda umsantsalo, kodwa okuninzi kunokwenziwa ukwenza umatshini wokubala ulwazi-ungela ulwazi.

Utshintsho Nenkqubela Zakutshanje

Ngo-2014, iRaje Sabra yamkela iseti entsha yemigaqo kwiyure yeZero ejikelezayo: amalungu kufuneka ngoku anike isaziso ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 phambi kokuhlala, kwaye uSihlalo angadibanisa imiba efanayo. Inani lexesha leZero lokungenelela labekwa kunqanda uphinda-phindo.

Ngo-2019, uSihlalo wayalela ukuba imibuzo enezongezo ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala, kwaye abalungiseleli kufuneka banikeze iimpendulo ezicacileyo ngaphandle kokubhaqwa. Isiqalo se i Question ukuthobela kwiPalamente yePlatform icuthe amaphepha kunye nokulungisa okucokisekileyo. umboniso we-TV ngoku usasazo lweyure yombuzo lusaphila, ukwandisa ukudibana kukawonke-wonke.

Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, zombini izindlu zamkelelwa kwimibutho exubileyo, neyure yemibuzo yaqhutywa ngokuphambuka kwebutho labantu. Noko ke, inani lemibuzo eqwalaselweyo lahla ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yokucuthwa kwexesha lokuhlala. Imigudu iphantsi ukubuyisela umlinganiselo wesithethe kunye nokwandisa inani lemibuzo eyamkelekileyo ngemini.

Indlela Eya phambili: Iroota yombuzo neyure yeqanda eqinisayo

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezi zixhobo zepalamente, kusenokuqwalaselwa amanyathelo aliqela:

  • [[UMTL: 0] ukwandisa umlinganiselo wemini yonke wemibuzo eququzelelweyo ukuhlalisa amasebe nemimandla engakumbi.
  • Ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lomgangatho weempendulo ngokukhupha ubude obuncinci kunye nokufuna idata evela kwimithombo esemthethweni.
  • Imo yentsebenzo esesikweni yokulandela ugqibo apho abalungiseleli kufuneka banike ingxelo ngezenzo ezithatyathwe kwiinyanga ezintathu kuphendulwe umbuzo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uphazamiseko ngokunyanzelisa uqeqesho olungqongqo, kuquka ukurhoxiswa kwamalungu athintela iziganeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
  • [[NTLA] Ipromote application phakathi kwabemi malunga nendlela yokufikelela eRajiya Sabba imicimbi, mhlawumbi ngeenkqubo zeselula neembalela zezentlalo-ntle.

Isiphelo

Iyure kunye neyure yeZero yombuzo isekho phakathi kwezixhobo ezinamandla ezikhoyo kuRajeya Sabha ukuba aphendule urhulumente kwaye amele abantu. Intsingiselo yazo ingaphaya komgaqo-siseko ongokwesithethe — ziquka umgaqo-siseko wokuba idemokhrasi ixhaphake xa abalawuli bepalamente bethandabuza igunya kwaye bephakamisa iimbambano ezingxamisekileyo. Nangona kukho iingxaki ezifana nokuphazamisa nokungqubana nokurhoxa kwebhotile, ezi zixhobo ziyaqhubeka ziguquka. Ngokuzimisela okuqhubekayo utshintsho kunye nokuzinikela kwimigaqo-siseko somthetho-siseko, iyure kunye neyure ye-Troequara zinokuhlala zihleli ziqinile kwidemokhrasi yaseIndiya ezayo

Kubo bafuna ukuqonda inkqubo yowiso-mthetho yaseIndiya, ukuhlolisisa ezi nkqubo zimbini kubangela ukuba kubekho ingxubusho phakathi kwegunya, ukuphendula ityala, nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuhleni. Ezi asizozinto nje ezingokwembali kodwa zizinto eziphila ngendlela ezihambelana neemfuno zebutho elitshintshayo. Ukulondolozwa nokuphuculwa kwazo kubalulekile kwimpilo yeriphabliki.