Incam Ebalaseleyo Yokuphengulula Ulawulo

Idemokhrasi iyaphumelela kwintsebenziswano esebenzayo yabemi bayo, kwaye zimbalwa imithambo yoko kubandakanywa oku oku okunesiphumo njengonyulo lwaphakathi. Olu nyulo luhla malunga neminyaka emibini eUnited States, ngokwesiqingatha segama likamongameli leminyaka emine, luvelisa ixesha elahlukileyo lokunyulwa ukuze kuqwalaselwe ulwalathiso lwelizwe. Ngoxa ukhuphiswano lomongameli lulawula intaphane nengcinga yoluntu, unyulo oluphakathi kwemini lusoloko lusebenzisa impembelelo ekhawulezileyo kumsebenzi worhulumente, ukusuka ekuqululweni komthetho ukuya ekuqinisekisweni ngabagwebi. Ukuqonda intsingiselo yabo, imbali, kunye neemeko ezibumba iziphumo zabo ziyimfuneko kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela enyanisweni yedemodemokhrasi.

Unyulo lwemidterm asingolonyulo olukwi-parenteum kumongameli ongomnye; zisehlo esintsonkothileyo, esineentlobo ezininzi esichaphazela onke amaqondo olawulo. Iziphumo zingayitshintsha ngokuphawulekayo imiqathango yemithetho, zinike amandla okanye ziyenze buthathaka isebe elilawulayo, kwaye zimisele iqonga lomjikelo wobupolisa olandelayo. Ukanti umvotisi ojikayo phakathi kwimiphakathi uthathe inxaxheba engokobukho beminyaka emininzi, isikhewu esigxininisa ngokuphandle ucelomngeni kunye nethuba lokudityaniswa kwemibutho. Eli nqaku linika uvavanyo olubanzi lwesizathu sokuba kutheni kunyulo lwexesha eliphakathi, amandla abaphembeleka, nendlela abahlali benokuqiniseka ngayo ukuba amazwi abo baviwe ngayo xa bethetha kakhulu.

Ukuqonda Unyulo Oluphakathi: Akuyongxubevange Nje

Unyulo oluphakathi kwexesha eliphakathi lunyulo olungapheliyo lwamalungu eUnited States Congress, kodwa umlinganiselo ubanzi kunokuba abaninzi becinga. Zonke izihlalo ezingama- 435 kwiNdlu yabameli zinyulwa qho emva kweminyaka emibini, kwaye malunga nesinye kwisithathu sezihlalo zeKhotenate ezili-100 ziyakhuphisana kumjikelo ngamnye phakathi kwexesha (Amalungu asebenza ngokweemfuno zeminyaka emithandathu). Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izihlalo zasembini zinokukwazi ukulawula ngokutyibilikayo amagumbi okanye zombini eBhunga, ngokuyintloko ukuguqula umhlaba wemithetho ye-Rocespo.

Ukongeza kugqatso lwasebuthweni, phakathi kwemivo, unyulo ludla ngokuquka ukhuphiswano olubanzi lukarhulumente kunye nolwasekuhlaleni olunemiphumo enzulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Abachongi basenokuthi benze isigqibo kwiirhuluneli, kwimimiselo yomthetho, kubaphathi-mthetho, kumalungu ebhunga lesixeko, kumagosa ebhodi yesikolo, kunye nabagwebi. Amazwe amaninzi akwabeka inyathelo lokubala kunye nezixhobo zokuchola kwii-colletsta zoburhulumente phakathi kwemini, avumela abemi bemi belizwe ukuba bavote ngqo kwimibuzo esusela ekuhlawuleni amalungelo okuvota. Ngalo ndlela, ngelixa ingxelo yesizwe ibhekisa kwimfazwe yeBhunga, ibala eliphantsi elinobucala linempembelelo engakumbi kubomi bomgalelo.

Ixesha lokukhetha phakathi kwexesha lokukhetha .ukumiswa ngumthetho wesizwe njengoLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba, lilifa lebutho leshumi elinesithoba elinamashumi alithoba elinanye lama-agri, xa uhambo oluya kwiindawo zokuvota lwalunzima kwaye amaxesha okuvuna kufuneka aqwalaselwe. Namhlanje, elo cwangciso lucwangcisiwe lubangele isingqi semeko eqinisekisiweyo kwezobupolitika zaseMelika, elinye elo iqela neqela labanomdla liceba iminyaka engaphambili. Ukuqonda le khalenda linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda ukubaluleka kokhuphiswano phakathi.

Imisebenzi yedemocratic yexeshana yokhetho lwexesha eliphakathi

Unyulo lwexesha eliphakathi lusebenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, esebenza njengenkqubo yokuphendula ityala kunye nesixhobo sokubonakalisa iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke. Ukubaluleka kwabo kunokuhlahlelwa kwindima ezininzi ezingundoqo.

Ukuphendula kunye noMongameli

Umsebenzi osoloko ucatshulwa wonyulo lwaphakathi lwexesha lokuma komongameli yindima yakhe njengendlela yokuhlola amandla omongameli. Xa abavoti bephambili kwixesha lovotelo, banethuba lokuxhasa okanye lokulichasa umsebenzi wolawulo. Kwimbali yembali, iqela lomongameli phantse lidla ngokulahlekelwa zizihlalo kwiKhonklathimente ebudeni bexesha lamaphakathi 88.Imeko entle kangangokuba izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziyibiza ngokuthi “isigwebo sexesha eliphakathi.” Le sigwebo sinyanzelela oomongameli ukuba badibane, balalanise, yaye maxa wambi balahle izinto eziphambili kwisiqingatha sesibini segama labo, ingakumbi ukuba ulawulo lweBhunga lokulwayo lujikane.

Lo msebenzi wokuphendula udlulela ngaphaya kobungangamsha. Ilungu ngalinye lendlu kufuneka lijongene nabavoti rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, libenza bathabatheke ngokukhethekileyo kwimibandela edibeneyo. Unyulo lwexesha lokuphuma kwemihlathi lungakhupha abantu abangakwaziyo ukunxibelelana nesithili sabo, ababandakanyeke kwizenzo zobuqhetseba, okanye abaye benza amavoti angathandwayo. Isisongelo socelomngeni lokuqala okanye ukoyiswa konyulo jikelele sigcina abameli bejonge kwimibandela yasekuhlaleni, kwanaxa uqwalaselo lwesizwe lujoliswe kwezinye iindawo.

Ukushenxisa Ulungelelwano Lwamandla

Ngaphandle kokuphendula, unyulo oluphakathi kwexesha lungavelisa iinguqu ezinkulu kulungelelwano lwamandla. Unyulo olunye lungaguqula urhulumente omanyeneyo (apho iqela lomongameli lilawula omabini amagumbi) abe ngurhulumente owahluleleneyo, okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Urhulumente owahlukeneyo usoloko ukhokelela kwi-projekthi yemithetho elawulayo, kodwa lungakhuthaza ukulalanisa kwimiba efana nesiseko, utshintsho lomthetho wezaphuli-mthetho, kunye nezivumelwano zoqingqo-mali. Ngokuchasene noko, xa iqela elinye lilawula zombini i-ofisi yowiso-mthetho neBhunga emva kwemini, iziphumo zikarhulumente omanyanisayo zingenza iinguqulelo zenkqubo, okanye ezingaphezulu.

Ulungelelwano lwamandla alukho kuphela ekulawuleni ucwangciso lwemithetho kodwa lukwabhekiselele kwindima eyodwa yeNdlu yeQela ekuqinisekiseni ukumiswa komongameli. Iqela eliphethe uninzi lweNtlanga yamaCamelo lingakhawuleza okanye lithintele umlawuli wezomthetho weCandelo, onobhala beKhabhinethi, namanye amagosa angundoqo. Oku kwenza ukuba iintlalo-ntlalo zeNtlanga yeQento yesizwe ziphakame kakhulu, njengoko zikwazi ukubumba i-judicariary kangangamashumi eminyaka. Umzekelo, phakathi kwe-20141, unyulo lwezinyulo lwezinyulo lunganika iRiphabliki isininzi seNtlanga, ababesebenzise ukuvala uMongameli weNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-Merminee Merrick Garland ngo-2016.

Ukuphakamisa Iingxaki Zasekuhlaleni Nezasekuhlaleni

Unyulo lomongameli ludla ngokubeka umgangatho wobuzwe nokwenza intetho yezopolitiko ibe yenye imimandla, ngokufuthi igquma imibandela yasekuhlaleni neyasekuhlaleni ebaluleke kakhulu kuluntu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, unyulo lwaphakathi, lunika iqonga ukuze loo mibandela ithathe iqonga. Uhlanga lwebhodi yesikolo, ukhuphiswano lwengingqi yengingqi, okanye umlinganiselo wokukhuthuza iirhafu zempahla, ungenza ukuganana okunzulu kwasekuhlaleni okungenakubakho kwiphulo lomongameli. Oku kuqwalaselwa okufanelekileyo kolawulo-demokhrasi ngenxa yokuba kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulawula akuchazwa kuphela ziimfazwe zempucuko yamazwe okanye abantu abaza kumongameli.

Ngaphezu koko, unyulo oluphakathi kwexesha lonyulo luyindlela eyintloko yokuba abavoti baphembelele iziko lowiso-mthetho neenqanawa zephondo, eziye zafumana amandla amakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokukhupha amalungelo ee-ofisi, imithetho yokuvota, kunye nokurhoxa kweembopheleleko zikarhulumente. Ulawulo lukarhulumente lumisela yonke into esuka ekuphumeni isisu ukuya kwimfundo ukuya kwimali exhasa ulawulo lwezemfundo ngokwayo. Ngokomzekelo, kuma 20222 phakathi eeveki, kwabonwa iimfazwe ezinkulu ngenxa yamalungelo okuqhomfa emva kwesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yeNkundla iDobbs, ngokusetyenziswa kwamazwe aliqela adlulisayo ukukhusela okanye ukufikelela kwemali.

Amabali Angokwembali: Xa Iziganeko Zaphakathi Ziba Nembali

Ingxelo yembali izele lunyulo oluthi lwaguqula indlela yezobupolitika zaseMerika. Ukuqonda la mathuba angundoqo kunceda ekulungiseni intsingiselo ephakamileyo yomjikelo ngamnye.

Imvukelo YaseRiphabliki Ngo - 1994

Unyulo lwexesha lonyaka-mali lwekota yonyaka we-1994 lwekota ludla ngokukhankanywa njengomzuzu ohlaziyiweyo. IiRiphabliki, zikhokelwa yiHouse Speacher-inying Newt Gingrich, zabaleka kwi- “Contrectal neMelika,” ucwangciso lwecandelo lemithetho-mthetho elilishumi. Baphumelela ekulawuleni iNdlu kunye neKhota yeQela lokuqala kwiminyaka engama-40, bephelisa ulawulo lwedemocratic Congress. Iziphumo ezinyanzeliswe nguMongameli uBill Clinton ukuxhoma kumbindiso, nto leyo ikhokelela ekuhlazisweni kwentlalo-ntlelo kunye noluvo olulungelelanisiweyo. Olu nyulo lwabonisa indlela iphulo olunokuyitshintsha ngayo inkqubo yelizwe, yomyalezo, kwanexesha eliqhelekileyo kwi-ofisi yomongameli.

Iliza Lowama - 2006 Nemfazwe YaseIraq

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini kamva, iintsalela zonyaka wama-2006 zaba yi-arhente yemfazwe ye-Iraq kunye nolawulo lwamaTsh ukuphatha ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Ukunganeliseki koluntu oluxhaphakileyo kwakhokelela ekubeni amaDemocrates afumane ulawulo lwawo omabini amagumbi eBhunga. Ukutshintshwa kwamandla kwavelisa utshintsho kwindlela yenkqubo: uninzi olutsha lweDemocratic luye lwaphulaphula imicimbi yemfazwe, lwanyanzelela ukurhoxa ixesha lokuyeka, yaye ekugqibeleni lwanika umthetho wokuguqula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha nomvuzo othe kratya. Unyuko lwangowama-200 lwabonisa indlela ezinokuthi ngayo ii-centimeterm ezithi zinyanzele imigaqo yemithetho yamazwe asemzini, ingakumbi xa uluvo lukawonke luchasana ngokungqongqo kwiimfazwe.

Igandla Leqela Leentini Lowama - 2010

Unyulo lwama-2010 phakathi kwexesha lonyulo lwachazwa ngokunyuka kombutho weSiqendu seTea, iingca ezinamava aqhelekileyo ngokuchasene noMthetho weNtotho yeAffordicure, iibheyile zebhanki, kunye nentlawulo ekhulayo yemali. IiRiphabliki zafumana izihlalo ezingama-63 kwiNdlu. I-Riphabliki ezinkulu phakathi kwexesha lonyaka ka-1950, kwaye zaphinda zathatha impumelelo. Abaninzi baseRiphabliki ezintsha bachitha iminyaka emibini elandelayo befuna ukuphinda bafumane i-ea okanye defammacare, befaka uphando kubaphathi beObama, kwaye betyhabela imali enzulu. Iqela lePali libonisa indlela impumelelo enokubambanothi yelungu elinamandla ngayo ukutsala iqela eliphambili kwilungu eliphambili ekunene.

Imijikelo yakutshanje: 2018 no - 2022

Amanqanam amashumi amabini anesithandathu eeyure zonyaka afumana “amaza aluhlaza-bhuluya” njengoko amaDemocrates ayithimba iNdlu phakathi kwenkcaso enzulu kuMongameli uDonald Trump. Uvoti weNkqulu-wonga (oyena uphakamileyo phakathi konyaka ka-1914) waqhutywa ngamabhinqa asezidolophini, amatsha avota, kunye nokunyuka kwengca ekwizintlomo zengca. Abaninzi abatsha basebenzisa amandla abo ukuqhuba uphando nokungaphicotho nokunga mdlali ka-mthetho weNkundla. I-202222 baqhekeza imilinganiselo engokwembali ephantsi kwexabiso kunye noMongameli Joe Biden, amaza athenwayo athenwa yi-''''''''''''. Amaza eedemobantracracrates' abamban'indlu yasendluni, abamba ephethe i-ndlu yaseNkuseni, ingulowo eenga, ubukhulu besahlulwayokulawula isikhulu, ngenxa yo

Oothunywashe abangundoqo abaqhuba iziphumo eziphakathi

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziye zachaza iziganeko ezimbalwa ezithe ngqo ezinokuthanani nonyulo phakathi kwexesha lonyulo.

Ukulinganiselwa kokunconywa nguMongameli

Umqondiso onamandla onamandla wokulahlekelwa kwesihlalo phakathi kombutho womongameli yireyithi yokwamkela kukamongameli. Umongameli onenani elingaphantsi kwama-50% ngoSuku Lokhetho ubona iqela lakhe lilahlekelwa zizihlalo ezininzi zendlu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umongameli odumileyo angalinganisela ukulahlekelwa `njengoko uRonald Reagan wenzayo ngowe1982 (ukukhutshwa kwe-40 kodwa kuphela ukulahlekelwa zizihlalo ezingama-26) okanye uBill Clinton (ukwaphulwa ngaphezu kwama-60%, ufumene izihlalo). Inkqubo ilula: uRhoviov wanelela idio idiza idibe ithenjiwe, ngoxa uRonald Reagan engashukumelekanga kakhulu ukujika xa umvoti womntu abathandayo engekho kwisikhulu sethikithini.

Umjikelo wojikelezo

Unyulo olukwixesha lonyulo lusoloko lusezantsi kunomkhethe womongameli, ngokufuthi ngeencopho zeepesenti ezili-15-20. Lo msantsa urhoxiso unezigaba: uvolo olubonisa amaphakathi lubonakala lumdala, lumhlophe, kwaye lutyebile ngakumbi kunolo nyaka kamongameli //indawo yokukhetha ethambekileyo ethambekileyo. Kodwa, imijikelo yakutshanje ivavanywe ngolu hlobo. Unyaka wama-2018 waphakathi irekhodi itshintshile phakathi kwabatsha nangabantu abanombala, inceda uDemocrats. 20222 phakathi, ngelixa lingaphantsi ku-201818, labona ukujika okuphezulu kwembali ngenxa yonyaka ongengonyaka ophambili, ngokukodwa phakathi kwamabhinqa ashukunyiswa kukuqhomfa.

Imigudu yokwenza ukuvota kube lula − njengokuvota kwasekuqaleni, iiposi ezingaphakathi, kunye nokubhaliswa kosuku olunye/ukunyanzeliswa ukunyusa umva wexesha lokujika, ngeli lixa imithetho ye-ID engqongqo kunye nokucutha iindawo zokuvota kuyenza ingacimi. Idabi lonyuselo lobuzwe lolawulo lweziko lenze umahluko ophakathi kwimiba yale mihla.

Iimbambano Ezimanyeneyo Nendlela Esetyenziswayo

Isigaba ngasinye sinempikiswano echazayo okanye ekwimeko elawula incoko yezobupolitika kunye nendlela yokuziphatha yabavoti. Ngonyaka ka-2006, yayiyimfazwe ye-Iraq; ngo-2018, inkxalabo yempilo neyonyango; ngo-2022, ukuqhomfa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto. Iimpikiswano ezithe zaphandle kakhulu kwaye zityholwa ngokweemvakalelo zingaphunyulwa yingxolo kwaye ziphenjelelwe ukuba zihlale ekhaya. Iqela eliphumelele ekulungiseni unyulo kwimibango exhasa isiseko sayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Nephulo

Indleko yonyulo phakathi kwexesha lonyulo iye yanyuka kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje. Imali echithwe phakathi kwama-2022 emali ingaphaya kwama-R22 ezigidi, ngokutsho kwe-OpenSecrets, iyenza ibe yeyona ixabisa kakhulu phakathi kwexesha lakha la. Ngoxa imali iyodwa ingaqinisekisi ukuba iyoyisa, inika oovimba abafunekayo ekubhengezeni, ukulungelela, nokufumana ingeniso-mali-luvolo. I-PAC kunye namaqela e-mali emnyama adlala indima engaphezulu, ngokufuthi enikezela abatshayo ngokwawo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yeNkulwane yeNkundla eManyeneyo (2010) ivula iifasi eziluncedo zokubonelelana nokusetyenziswa kwemali, eziye zangene ngokugqithisle ngokwemali eninzi, nangona iDemocratrate nge-interlate.

IGerrymandering Neectoral Mephu

Ukunika uhlaziyo, okwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi emva kokuba kubhaliwe, kungathambekisa ibala lokudlala iminyaka elishumi. Kumaphondo amaninzi, iqela elilawula indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe litsala i-commiliation kunye ne-project, ngokufuthi nge-gerrymandering ejikelezayo. Ii 2022 zamaxesha zonyulo lokuqala eziqhutywa ngemephu ezidwe emva kokubalwa kwabantu abangama-202020. Kumazwe anjengo-Ohio, umNtla Carolina, neTexas, iRiphabliki enobundlobongela i-Riphabliki ekhuselwe kwi-cumbran kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba uDemocrates uyakufuna ivote enkulu ethandwayo ukuze awine iinkonzo ezininzi zezihlalo. Ngokuphikisana noko, iintlanganiso ezizimeleyo ezidityaniweyo kumazwe afana noColoradorwayo kunye neMichin ziveza ukukhuphisana okuphisana.

Iziphumo Zexesha Elide Zenkqubo Yezobupolitika

Unyulo lwaphakathi asizizo iziganeko ezizodwa; iziphumo zazo zamaza zidlulela ngaphaya kwexesha leminyaka emibini leNkomfa esanda kunyulwa. Zibumba imekobume elungele ukuqhutyelwa phambili kukhuphiswano lwexesha elizayo, ziphembelela indlela yengqiqo yamaqela, kwaye zichaphazela ijaji.

Ukumisela isiseko sonyulo lobuMongameli

Iziphumo zeMidterm zisoloko zisebenza njengesixhobo sokukhetha umongameli olandelayo. Iqela eliphumeleleyo ekuphumeleleni okukhawulezileyo phakathi kwexesha loloyiso lifumana impumelelo, ukuxhasa kwemali, kunye nokuchaza impumelelo. Ngokuchasene noko, iqela eliphulukana neendlela ezingalunganga lisenokujamelana nemfazwe yangaphakathi, utshintsho lobunkokeli, kunye nokuphinda liphinde lijonge iqonga leqonga lalo. Iliza lonyaka ka-2010, umzekelo, limisela iqonga lonyulo lomongameli ka-2012, kunye neeRiphabliki ziziva ziqiniselwe ukumelana nengxhwephelo eMit Romney ephambili. Izamvolo-Dhemocracracratic nalo ngokufanayo lakhuthaza iqela elihlukeneyo lababethwali bezifundo zonyaka wama-202020, kuquka noJoe Biden, owathabatha iphulo lokubuyisa izithethe ezibunjwa phantsi kwe-Crump.

Ukuhlaziya Izakhiwo Nedabi Lendlu

Unyulo lwemipu lwemipu olubanjelwe emva kokubalwa kwabantu (umz., 2012, 2022) lumisela ngqo ukuba ngubani ozoba isangqa esilandelayo seemaphu zombutho. Ngenxa "yeso sexesha lokuzalwa," umbutho uphuma kwiNdlu eWhite House ufumana izihlalo kwaye ufumana ulawulo lwezicaka zikarhulumente kwithuba lokuqala leshumi leminyaka. Oku kuwenza akwazi ukuzoba ziimaphu ezihlala kwindawo yemijikelo emibini elandelayo, edala ungenelo lwesakhiwo olunzima ukulo.

Impembelelo KwiNkundla Ephakamileyo NeyamaPhondo

Unyulo lwexeshana lokulawula iNdlu yeeNkundla lunentsingiselo engqalileyo yeenkundla. Ekubeni iNdlu yeNdlu iqinisekisa ukuba ngabagwebi borhulumente, iqela elizuza inkoliso phakathi lingayiqhubela phambili okanye lithintele ikomkhulu lejaji yomongameli. Oku kwaboniswa ngokucacileyo kwikota yonyaka ka-2014 kunye no-2018. Emva konyaka ka-2014, uNondractam wabavalela i-Obama imirhumotha ka-mbhithi ka-D.C. inkundla yeQumrhu yaye ekugqibeleni yasingela isihlalo seGarland. Emva konyaka ka-2018, inkoliso eRiphabliki yaqinisekisa ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo yeNkundla ye-Trump inotshe (Brett Kaveth neAmmackey Barrett), iqinisekisa ii-democracrackie, ngokuphikisanayo 2022222, i-Dexam yolawulo lwe-Bexades, inguedes elungelela ingu-Bidie, eyakuvuma ukuba ivuvulwe i

IMithetho yeMithetho neMithetho

Isiphumo somgaqo-nkqubo sexesha lomongameli sisoloko siphenjelelwa kakhulu yiziphumo zombindi wexesha lokuqala. Oomongameli abaphulukana nolawulo lweKhomishini phakathi banyanzeleka ukuba bajikele kwimiyalelo yegunya, ulawulo, kunye ne-veto yezobupolitika, kunokuba baphumeze uwiso-mthetho. Umzekelo, emva konyaka ka-202010, uBack Obama waqalisa ukusebenzisa izenzo zolawulo lwezolawulo kwingingqi zokufuduka, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwempilo. Emva konyaka wama-201818218, i-Curmp imimiselo yomthetho emisiwe, kwaye ulawulwa ngokuthe kratya ngomthetho we-omphathi-mikhosi yezomthetho, kunye nenkcukumiso yerhafuthe. Ngokuphikisana noko, xa iqela lomongameli libambe iBris emva kwexesha lokusebenza kweBhiski.

Inxaxheba Ekhuthazayo: Izabelo Zedemokhrasi Enempilo

Ngokunikwa kwemiqathango enzulu, ukwanda kokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyuko phakathi kwexesha lonyulo kucetyiswa. I-United States inenye yezona nani zisezantsi zabavoti abarhoxileyo phakathi kwedemokhrasi ephuhlisiweyo, kwaye isithuba esiphakathi sikhulu kakhulu. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo, ezithathwe kumaphulo aphumelelayo oluntu, zinganceda ibhulorho ebhari.

Imfundo esetyenziswa yi-combic kunye nokubandakanyeka kwimicimbi yamaziko eendaba

AmaMerika amaninzi awaqondi indima yonyulo oluphakathi okanye awaqondi ukuba luyenzeka de kube ziiveki zokugqibela. Imibutho yoNonpartistan efana noManyano lwaMasipala aMadoda Voters, i-Rock the Vote, kunye neZiko leMfundo zaseMelika iqhuba amaphulo emfundo achaza ii-ofisi kwi-collet kunye nempembelelo yezo ofisi kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Amadaya angandisa le miyalezo ``umzekelo, amaphephandaba apapasha isikhokelo sovoti, okanye iziteshi zesikhululo sikamabonwakude. Amaqongalatheli ezentlalo-ntle aye asebenza ukuze afikelele abavoti abaselula; izibhengezo ezibhengezo ezincinane nezikhuthayo nezikhuthazo ezidluliselweyo ezinxulumeneyo zingqiniweyo zingqiniwe zingqiniwe zisebenza ngokusebenza ekuqhubeleni ubhaliso kwaye ziguqulele phakathi koo-18 ukuya konyaka o-29.

Ukubhalisa nokuxhasa

Imiqobo yokwakha ingunobangela oyintloko wokubhaliswa komjikelo ophantsi. Ii-United States ezamkela ubhaliso olufanayo lwemini yovota, ukuvota okuzenzekelayo, kwaye akukho mvume yokuvota zibona ukuthatha inxaxheba okungaphezulu ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwexesha lokuvota. Unyulo lwama-202020, olubanjelwe ngexesha lobhubhani, lwabonisa ukuba unyuselo lweposi olusekuvotelweni lungakhuseleka kwaye lunganyuswa ngaphandle kobuqhophololo. Ukwenza uNnyuso lweholide yesizwe okanye ukuyiqhubela kwimpelaveki-veki kuya kunciphisa imiqobo yabasebenzi nabafundi. Imigudu yokunciphisa imigca emide kwiindawo zokuhlola, ukwandisa iindawo zokuvota, kunye nokunika uncedo oluqhubekayo oluqhubekayo, ingakumbi kwiindawo zombala.

Ulwazi oluninzi olungobhaptizo oluthe lwenziwa ngexesha lokuvota kunye nezifunekayo, tyelela umphathi-mikhosi U.S. uvoti wobhaliso lwezibuko lenqanawa.

Iingcambu zomgangatho wempumlo kunye nokuQokelela uLuntu

Uqhagamshelwano lobuqu luhlala lungenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokwandisa ukubhadula. Ukubophelela iintambo, ukubhalisa umnxeba, kunye nokugcina iileta ngeminxeba ngamatsha - ntliziyo kunganyusa uluvo lwezethutyana ukuba zihambele kwimibutho yovotelo. Iintlanganiso zoluntu `icawa, amaqumrhu, iiklabhu, kunye namanxulumani asekuhlaleni' asebenza njengabathunywa abathembekileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho ukubotshelelwa kwezobupolitika kusezantsi khona. Imodeli yezobudlela-yo, apho amavolontiya akhuthaza imigaqo yabo yentlalo ukuba ivote, iye yaphumelela kakhulu kwimijinganiso ephakathi. Amaqela afana neIndific no-Srowed traked ukujoyilwa oku kwemibutho elijonge ukhuphiko.

Ukulwa Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Engachananga

I-Sinfonso malunga novoto----enye yezityholo zobuxoki ezimalunga nokunganyaniseki kobuqhetseba beposi, uphando oluphosakeleyo, okanye ukuthumela okusoyikisayo , okanye ukukhuphisana kobungozi, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abangakhuselekanga. Amagosa okhetho kunye neenkampani zezentlalo-ntle zezentlalo-ntle yoluntu zinembopheleleko yokulungisa iingxelo zobuxoki. Iintlangano zenyaniso ezifana neSnopes kunye ne-Plitifact, kunye nokulawula kobuqhetseba obusekelwe kwi-fobethi, zinganceda. Ngaphezu koko, zichaza ukuba kunikeze ulwazi olucacileyo ngendlela yokuvota, njengeemba ii-lokhwe, kunye neemfunothi ze-ethi ye-ethiyokuqinisekisa ukuvota.

Indima YeziHlabathi NeziHlalo

Ekugqibeleni, abavotelwa ngokwabo benza indima ephambili ekuveliseni inzala yovoti. Iintlanga eziququzelela intsebenziswano, ubuntu obunyanzelisayo, kunye neemvoluko ezicacileyo kwimibandela zitsalela ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yokunyulwa. Imikhosi eqokelela intsimi, i-odoli yokubhaliswa, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yengxelo isenokunyuka phakathi kwesiseko sabo. Ukwanda kwezikhundla ezivulekileyo kunye nokuvota okumiselwe ngokweziququ ngamazwe athile kunganyusa ukuganana ngokunika ukhetho olungakumbi ngokuvota kwaye yenza ubalo ngalunye. Xa abavoti becinga ukuba oomatshini babo baya kubandakanyeka, ngezantsi/nakwimimandla ekhuselekileyo, banokuba nenxaxheba.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okungapheliyo Kwexesha Eliphakathi

Unyulo lweMidterm lungaphezulu kakhulu kune-parenteum kumongameli ohleliyo. Zisithuthi esiphambili abemi abasebenzisa kuso ukulawula abameli babo besizwe, ulawulo lorhulumente kunye nolawulo lwengingqi, kwaye baphembelela ulwalathiso lwengqiqo lweenkundla. Impembelelo yabo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, ukusuka kwinkxalabo yempilo ukuya kutshintsho lwemozulu kumalungelo abantu, ayinakuphikiswa. Njengoko iUnited States izama ukungqubana nokuhlahlela okunzulu kwezobupolitika, ukungathembana kwamaziko, kunye nezisongelo kwizithethe zedemokhrasi, unyulo lwaphakathi lwexesha lumi ngolu thuba eliphinda-phindephindwayo lokuhlaziya inkqubo.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kunyuko phakathi kwemijikelo yakutshanje, kuqhutywa zii-acrootsisms kunye nokuqondwa ngokunzulu kwezithintelo. Kodwa kusekho ithuba lokuphuculwa. Ngokufaka imigaqo kwimfundo yoluntu, ukunciphisa imiqobo yokuvota, kunye nokulwa inkohliso, abemi kunye namaziko anokuqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lwaphakathi kwexesha lokukhetha luyaqhubeka lufeza injongo yabo esisiseko: ukwenza urhulumente aphendule kubantu. Njengoko phakathi kwesigaba esilandelayo, wonke umvoti ofanelekileyo umele aqonde ukuba ilizwi labo .//ukuncitshiswa kwebhokisi yebhola-/isixhobo esithe ngqo nesinamandla abanaso sokulungisa ikamva labo nelizwe labo.