Inkqubo yenkundla isisiseko salo naliphi na ibutho labantu elilawulwa ngumthetho. Linikela indlela ecwangcisiweyo, eqinisekisiweyo yokucombulula iimpikiswano, yokukhusela amalungelo abantu, nokubeka ityala kumalungu omntu ngamnye. Kubafundi bomthetho, abafundisi, okanye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela esemthethweni, ukuthatha uhambo lwetyala . Ukusukela kwixesha eliphantsi kwetyala eliyalelwa umgwebo wokugqibela kwaye okungaphaya komthetho kuyimfuneko. Eli nqaku lizaphula iqonga ngalinye lokucombulula inkundla yenkundla yenkundla yelo tyala, linikela imaphu epheleleyo, enegunya yendlela yendlela ehamba ngayo inkqubo yoluntu. (Ityala elilandela imo efanayo kodwa libandakanya umtshutshisiiwonga kwaye linemiqatha yokhuseleko.)

Ukuqonda Ukwakhiwa Kwenkqubo Yenkundla

Phambi kokuntywila kumanyathelo okuqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuqonda isiseko apho ityala lisebenza khona. I-United States inenkqubo yenkundla ezimbini: iinkundla zorhulumente neenkundla zikarhulumente. Nganye inegunya layo, kodwa iqumrhu elilawulayo liyefana. Esisekelweni kukho iinkundla zamatyala, apho amatyala aviwayo ekuqaleni kwaye kuqinisekiswe izibakala. Ngaphezu kwazo ziintendelezo zenkundla ezihlola iinkundla zamatyala ezifuna iimpazamo ezisemthethweni. Kwinkuphothothotho nganye yenkundla ephakamileyo yetyala le-U.

  • IiNkundla zeSithili (umz., IiNkundla zeSithili, Iinkundla zeRhulumente eziPhakamileyo) – Ezi “zizibhaptizi zesivumelwano.” Ziva ubungqina, zihlolisisa amangqina, zize zinikezele izigwebo okanye imigwebo. Amatyala amaninzi aphelela apha.
  • IiNkundla eziqulunqiweyo (umz., IiNkundla zesiphatho zeSiphakamiso seSizwe seRhulumente) - Ezi nkundla aziphindi zingqinelani izibakala. Endaweni yoko, zihlola iingxelo zokuvavanya ukugqiba ukuba umthetho usetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo na kwaye ukuba iimpazamo ze-procedturathy zichaphazele iziphumo.
  • IiNkundla zeNkundla eziPhakamileyo (umz. iNkundla ePhakamileyo yeLizwe lase-U.S., iiNkundla eziPhakamileyo) – Ezi ziinkundla zokugqibela ezinokusetyenziswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziva kuphela ipesenti encinane yamatyala, ngokuqhelekileyo eziquka imibuzo engundoqo okanye iingxabano phakathi kweenkundla eziphantsi.
  • IiNkundla ezithe ngqo--Imizekelo iquka iinkundla eziwiswa ngamali, iinkundla zerhafu, kunye neenkundla zentsapho. Zisingatha iindidi ezithile zempikiswano ngemigaqo kunye nobuchule.

Ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi inkundla enegunya elilawulayo sisigqibo sokuqala esifanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkundla zesizwe zisingatha amatyala abandakanya umthetho wesizwe, ukwahluka-hluka kobumi (iicandelo elisuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo anemali empikiswano engaphezulu kwee-$75,000), kunye nemiba ethile efana nemvume okanye yomthetho waselwandle. Iinkundla zelizwe zisingatha uninzi lwamatyala asekuhlaleni, kuquka izivumelwano, umonakalo wobuqu, kunye neempikiswano zempahla. Ukuze unyuse kakhulu, bona isakhiwo se-U.S.

Ukuqalisa Umthetho: Isitena Sokubila

Isiqalo esisesikweni sokumangalelwa kukufakwa kwe- “complant" (okanye, kwezinye iimeko, isicelo). Olu xwebhu luchaza izityholo ze-poltiff, isiseko esisemthethweni setyala, kwaye isiqabu esifunwayo. Isikhalazo kufuneka sibe “sinyathelwe kakuhle”" kwaye kungoko kufuneka sibe nengxelo emfutshane necacileyo ebonisa ukuba umcebisi unelungelo lokukhululeka, njengoko kufuneka yi-Federal Games of Civile Procedure (Rule 8) kunye nemithetho efana nayo.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwesi Sikhalazo

Ukuphelisa isikhalazo bubugcisa nenzululwazi.

  • Ithetha izityholo eziqulethweyo - ichaza isizathu sokuba le nkundla inegunya lokuva elityala.
  • Imo yezibakala – ukulandelelana kweziganeko okucacileyo, ukulandelelana kweziganeko, okunikezelwe kwimihlathi edweliswe ngamanani.
  • Izahlulo zoncedo (amanani) – ubalo ngalunye luchonga ingcamango ethile engokwasemthethweni (umz., ukwaphulwa kwesivumelwano, ukungakhathali, ukuqhatha).
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Umthandazo wokucela uncedo – umgwebo okanye isicombululo esikhethekileyo esifunekayo (umonakalo wemonetary, isiqabu esikhutshiweyo, ugwebo lokukhupha isisu).

Isikhalazo esingafanelekanga singakhokelela ekugxothweni kwasekuqaleni kwemeko. IiAttorney zidla ngokuchitha ixesha elininzi zisenza la maxwebhu ukuze ziphumelele ekupheliseni nokubeka iqonga lokufumana.

Ukuzibamba Nomhlebi Wenkundla

Xa isikhalazo sigqitywe, igqwetha le-paltiff lisifakela kunye nonobhala wenkundla. Eli nyathelo lifuna ukuhlawulwa umrhumo wefashoni (uninzi lwamakhulu ambalwa eerandi kwinkundla yetyala yorhulumente; iindleko zikarhulumente ziyahlukana) kwaye kunikwa ezokuqala kunye nemibhalo eyaneleyo. Abafaki-mali bangacela umfaki-mali ngokufaka isicelo se-fomapaupers. Umabhalane wabela inombolo yetyala kunye nomgwebi (ngokufuthi) kwaye uvula ityala le-dokotela.

Inkonzo yeNkqutyana

Emva kokubhala, ummangalelwa kufuneka azise ummangalelwa ngokusemthethweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba “kukunyanzelisa inkqubo.” Uxwebhu lwe-Plactiff lulungiselela i-arhens (uxwebhu olukhutshwa yinkundla eyalela ummangalelwa ukuba avele aze aphendule) kwaye asebenze kunye nekopi yesikhalazo kummangalelwa. Inkonzo mayiyenziwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho engqongqo: ukunikezelwa kommangalelwa, ukunikezelwa komntu wobudala obufanelekileyo kwindlu yommangalelwa, okanye, kwezinye iimeko, ngeposi eqinisekisiweyo okanye ngenkqubo yomncedisi. Inkonzo efanelekileyo ibalulekile ngenxa yokuba inika ulawulo lwenkundla lommangalelwa. Ukuba inkonzo iphoxekile, imeko isenokulahlwa. Iinkcukacha ezininzi zikhona [FLD:0] kwiNteinfo yeNtemsebe yoMthetho we-mthetho we-mthetho, okanye i-Active-Grectortial.[1]

Indlela Ummeli Asabela Ngayo Nentshukumo Yakhe

Xa egqibile, ummangalelwa unexesha elilinganiselweyo lokuphendula iintsuku ezingama-21 kwinkundla yorhulumente (imithetho yalo idla ngokwahluka, iintsuku ezingama-30). Impendulo ingathabatha iindlela ezininzi.

Ukuphendula Isikhalazo

Eyona mpendulo iqhelekileyo yi “ephendulayo,” apho ummangalelwa evuma okanye ekhanyela ityala ngalinye kwisikhalazo. Impendulo ingaquka ukhuseleko olulungileyo (umz., ummiselo wemiqathango, ukuvumelana nolwaneliseko, ukujongwa kwengozi) kunye nokuphikisana nommangalelwa. Ukuba ummangalelwa akaphumeleli ukuphendula ngexesha elimisiweyo, ummangalelwa angafumana umgwebo ongagqibekanga ngokungagqibekanga (a) ngokufumana ngokungagqibekanga ngenxa yokuba ummangalelwa akafuni ukuba nenxaxheba.

Intshukumo zangaphambili

Kunokuba aphendule, ummangalelwa angafaka intshukumo yokurhoxa (ekwabizwa ngokuba “ngumxhasi” kwamanye amazwe) phantsi koMthetho 12(b). Iindawo ziquka ukunqongophala kolawulo lwezithoba, ukunqongophala kolawulo lobuqu, ukungahlangani, ukungafumani nkonzo, ukungakwazi ukubeka ingxelo yokuba ukukhululeka kunganikwa, okanye ukusilela ukudibanisa iqela eliyimfuneko. Okona kuqheleke kukuhamba ukuphelisa ityala (Rule 12(b)(6), nto leyo ethi, nokuba zonke izityholo ze-politiff ziyinyaniso, umthetho awuniki mpendulo.

Enye intshukumo enamandla yangaphambi koshicilelo yi- intsingiselo yogwebo lwesishwankathelo. Ifakelwa emva kokufunyaniswa, le ntshukumo iphikisa ukuba akukho mpikiswano yokwenene yento ephathekayo, kwaye iqela elihambayo linelungelo lokugwetywa njengomthetho. Ukuba livumelekile, ukuvavanywa kuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo. Umgwebo wesishwankathelo siseko lenkqubo yamakhaya, ngokufuthi ukugqiba isiphelo semeko. Imilinganiselo ingqongqo, kwaye ubungqina kufuneka bujongwe ekukhanyeni okulungileyo kwiqela elingangeni 76.

Ezinye iintshukumo zangaphambi kovavanyo ziquka ukunyanzela ukufunyaniswa, ukuthatha inyathelo ukwenzela inkcazelo ecacileyo, kunye nentshukumo ukubetha umbandela ongenakupheliswa ukusuka kwizibongozo. Ezi mpikiswano zembali zingabuguqula ubungakanani kunye nendlela yemeko.

Ukufumanisa: Ukutyhila Inyaniso

Ngokunokwenzeka ukuvunjululwa kulelona qondo likhulu nelibalulekileyo lokudityaniswa. Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo apho amatheko atshintshisana khona ulwazi nobungqina obunxulumene neemfuno kunye nokhuseleko. Injongo kukuphelisa izinto ezimangalisayo ekulingweni nokuvumela amacala omabini ahlole amandla nobuthathaka beemeko zawo. Uhlolo lungathabatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka engaphaya kwelishwa.

IMithetho yoLawulo lwaMasipala ivumela umlinganiselo obanzi wokufunyanwa: nawuphi na umbandela ongengowamagunya afanelekileyo oyalela nayiphi na into okanye ukhuseleko lwalo naluphi na ukhuseleko nolungelelwaniso ngokweemfuno zetyala. Iizixhobo zokufumana ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[NKQUBO:0] Imisebenzi yokucola - Imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo. Imithetho yomanyano ilinganisela inani kwi 25 (kuquka inxenye esezantsi). Iluncedo ekufumaneni ulwazi olusisiseko njengamagama amangqina, ubukho bamaxwebhu, neengcamango ezingokwasemthethweni.
  • Izicelo zokuveliswa kwamaxwebhu - Idili zicelana ukuba zenze amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, iirekhodi ze-elektroniki (ii-imeyili, izihloko zesangqa, imiyalezo yokubhaliweyo) nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo. Kusoloko apho “umqondiso wompu wokutshaya” uvela khona.
  • Izithuba – Imibuzo engooOrlius yobungqina (icandelo okanye engeyonxalenye) phantsi kwesifungo, ebhalwe ngumcholacholi-ndaba wenkundla. I-depositions zivumela amagqwetha ukuba aphande ngebali lobungqina, aqinisekise ukuthembeka, kunye nesitshixo sobungqina obunokusetyenziswa ekumangaleleni. Zinexabiso elikhulu kodwa zibiza imali eninzi.
  • Izicelo ze Adjustation - iingxelo ezibhaliweyo zenyani yokuba omnye umntu kufuneka avume okanye akhanye. Imvume isetyenziselwa ukuxinanisa imiba yokuvavanya.
  • [[NTLA:0] Uhlolo lwengcaciso yengqondo kunye nolwengqondo – kwiimeko apho imeko yomzimba okanye yengqondo yelungu iphikisana, inkundla ingayalela ukuba uvavanyo lwezamayeza oluzimeleyo (IME).

I-Eûdifisuey (ukufumana ulwazi olugcinwe ngomatshini wobugcisa) iye yaba lilungu elingundoqo. Iintlanganiso kufuneka zivelise imetadata, iikhasethi zokhuselo, kunye nee-pali zogcino-lwazi. Ukusilela ukugcina ubungqina kungayikhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha, kuquka uqeqesho olunzima okanye kwanokukhululwa. Kwizenzo ezingcono kwi e_projectivey, iMithetho yePrecedal (Kakhulu, 34, kunye no 37) inikeza isakhiwo.

Ingqungquthela Yangaphambili Nemigudu Yozinziso

Phambi kokuvavanywa, inkundla isoloko iphethe ingqungquthela yangaphambi kwenkundla (ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yingqungquthela yezoburhulumente) phantsi koMthetho 16. Ijaji namagqwetha axubusha ngolawulo lwetyala, ukufunyanwa kwemiqathango, ukuthatha izithuba, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlaziywa. Iinkundla ezininzi zifuna amaqela ukuzama ukuzama ukuzama ulawulo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuphikisa izigqibo zempikiswano (ADR). I-Mediation ibandakanya iqela lesithathu elingathathi-nxaxheba elivumela ingxoxo, kodwa ummeli akanakumisela isigqibo. Ukuba amaqela afikelela kwisivumelwano, ayalilahla elo tyala ngomgwebo omiselweyo okanye isivumelwano. Ngaphezu kwama-95% etyala ahlala phambi kokuvavanywa kwetyala, ngoko ke eli candelo liphela ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Nokuba ityala alizinzi ngokupheleleyo, ingqungquthela yangaphambi kwekhampu enceda ukuxinana kwemiba, ukutshintshiselana ngamanani, kunye nokushwankathela ifayile ngaphambi koshicilelo. Inkundla ingakhupha umyalelo wangaphambi kwetyala olawula indlela yokuvavanya.

Ukuvavanywa: Ukuwohloka Ngenyathelo

Ukuba ityala liyaqhubeka lihamba phambi kokuba kugwetywe amatyala lize lisilele ukumiswa, liqhubekeka licinezelwe. Ityala lisenokuba kukuvavanywa kwebhentshi (ukugweba izibakala kunye nomthetho) okanye ukugwetywa kwetyala labachobi (ukugqiba izibakala; ukugweba izigwebo). Ilungelo lokuchophela ityala kumatyala asekuhlaleni liqinisekiswe ngokuLawulwa kweSigqibo seSebengethe kwi-U.S.S., kodwa kuphela liyisuti kumthetho oqhelekileyo apho imali ekwingxoxo ingaphezulu kwama-2020.

Ukhetho

Kwityala labachopheli-tyala, inyathelo lokuqala kukubeka icandelo kwindawo yokuhlala abachopheli-tyala. Ijaji namagqwetha babuza abamele babonise ikhethe okanye ukungakwazi ukungakhethi. Icala ngalinye lingavavanya inani elisikelwe umda lejaji “ngenxa yesizathu” (engenamda ukuba kukho ukungakhetheki ngokwenene) kunye nenani elilinganiselweyo ‘ leengxaki zokukhulula'' (ngokokuqala 3 kwiimeko zikarhulumente, akukho sizathu sifunekayo, nangona lingasetyenziswa ngokufihlakeleyo kwisalathi somququzeleli-mrhu). Injongo kukukhetha inkundla elungileyo nengakhethi cala.

Ukuvula iNgxelo

Iqela ngalinye linikela isishwankathelo sobungqina bokuvula . I-plactiff iyahamba kuqala. Iingxelo zokuvula aziyiyo impikiswano; zi-map. Ii-attorney kufuneka zinamathele kwizibakala ezifuna ukungqinela, kwaye ziphephe ubuchule bokuyila. Ukuvula okunamandla kungabumba lonke ityala.

Ukunikelwa Kobungqina

Ummangalelwa uchaza ityala lakhe elikwintloko yokuqala, ukubiza amangqina kunye nokungenisa amaxwebhu, umboniso, kunye nobunye ubungqina. Emva kovavanyo lwamangqina ngamanye, ummangalelwa anganqamleza i-prexamine. Emva koko ummangalelwa uchaza ityala lakhe, alandelwe bubungqina obunokwenzeka obuvela kumntu ochasayo. Ubungqina kufuneka bungachatshazelwa phantsi kwemithetho yobungqina (umz., iMimiselo elandelelanayo yobungqina).

Xa kupheliswa ityala lommangalelwa, ummangalelwa angathatha uhambo “ukugweba njengomcimbi womthetho” (owayaziwa njengesigqibo esijoliswe ngaphambili), ephikisa ngelithi akukho mgwebi ofanelekileyo onokufumana ityala lommangalelwa. Ukuba uyavuma, ityala liphelela kwisigqibo sommangalelwa.

Impikiswano Zokuvala

Emva kokuba kunikelwe bonke ubungqina, icala ngalinye likhupha impikiswano yokuqukumbela, lishwankathela ubungqina lize licebise abachopheli-tyala ukuba bafumane imvume yabo. I-poltiff ihamba kuqala kwaye isenokuphinda iphikise intetho emfutshane emva kwengxoxo yommangalelwa. Iingxoxo eziqukumbelayo zivumelekile ukuba zibe nempembelelo, kodwa kufuneka zisekelwe kwingxelo ``i-attney'' azinakuvelisa izibakala ezintsha.

Imiyalelo yengoma kunye nonikezelo

Phambi kwejaji ngabom, ijaji ifunda “imiyalelo yesigwebo”--"imigangatho esemthethweni ijaji kufuneka isebenze kwizibakala. Umzekelo, kwityala lokungakhathali, ijaji iza kuchaza umsebenzi, ukuqhekeza, ukuchasa, kunye nomonakalo. Amaqela asoloko enikezela imiyalelo ecetyisiweyo kwaye aphikisane ngamazwi. Emva kokufumana imiyalelo, abachopheli-mthetho barhoxe kwigumbi labucala. Kufuneka bafikelele isigqibo esingqinelanayo kwiimvavanyo zikarhulumente (ngaphandle kokuba amaqela avumelane ngenye indlela); amazwe amaninzi avumela i-cquarafizis (umz. 9, ukuphuma kwe-12 bhovers). Ukuba abagwebi abagwebi abangenayo, ityala lixelwe phantsi, kwaye imeko i-ethorimen.

ISeva yesiGqibo

Xa ijaji ifikelela kwisigqibo, babuyela enkundlani, yaye ijaji ifunda ngokuvakalayo isigwebo. Ukuba isigwebo singosamcholi-tyala, sisenokuchaza umonakalo (umvuzo yaye maxa wambi). Ukuba ummangalelwa, ummangalelwa akafumani nto. Isigqibo sisiphelo senkqubo yetyala.

Intshukumo yePost-Toream kunye nokungena koMgwebo

Isigqibo asisoloko siliphelisa ityala. Iqela elilahlekileyo lingayifayile intshukumo zasemva kwetyala kwifestile emfutshane (ngokomzekelo iintsuku ezingama-28 kwinkundla yenkundla yesizwe). Intshukumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Isigqibo somgwebo njengoMcimbi woMthetho (ovuselelweyo) – Iququzelelo lokuba isigqibo asixhaswanga bubungqina obaneleyo.
  • [[NT.:0] I-Motion yetyala elitsha[ – I-Argues eziphosakele ngexesha lokuvavanywa (umz., ubungqina obungafanelekanga, ihambo engalunganga, ukonakaliswa okugqithisileyo okanye okunganelanga) zigunyazisa ukuvavanywa okutsha.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umqukumbelo kuAlter okanye kuMahlulelo – Ifuna ukulungisa iimpazamo kumlinganiselo womgwebo okanye ufunyaniso olusemthethweni.

Ukuba inkundla iyakhanyela le ntshukumo, umabhalane uqalisa ukugweba, ibe ityala liba sekupheleni. Isigwebo ngumyalelo osemthethweni wenkundla ochaza ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo nolu kukhululeka lunikwa.

Inkqubo Yezibheno

Izibheno azinakuphinda zichazwe izibakala. Endaweni yoko, inkundla ephendulayo ihlola ingxelo yokuchophela ityala ukufumanisa ukuba inkundla yamatyala yenza iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni ezichaphazelekayo kwisiphumo. Iqela elinomtsalane yi “appelle”; elinye icala yi-“apple.”

Le nkqubo iqala ngokufaka isaziso sesibheno ngexesha lommiselo (ngokuqhelekileyo iintsuku ezingama-30 kwiimeko zorhulumente wasekuhlaleni). Omabini amacala afaka imifutshana ebhaliweyo ephikisa isizathu sokuba umgwebo umelwe (ulwamkelo) okanye uguqulwe. Isibheno singaquka impikiswano yomlomo phambi kweqela labagwebi (ngokuqhelekileyo ezintathu kwiinkundla zesibheno). Umgangatho wohlolo uyahluka: imibuzo yomthetho iyaphinda incitshiswe de novo (ngokutsha); amanani enyanisweni ayaphinda ahlolwe phantsi komlinganiselo “ogqibeleleyo”; izigqibo ezicacileyo zibukhaliphilelwe phantsi komgaqo wokusetyenziswa kwengqiqo.

Ukuba inkundla yetyala ifumene imposiso, ingasiguqula isigwebo, iphinde isike, iphinde ibekwe kwakhona ukuze kuvavanywe unyango olutsha, okanye ilungise unyango. Ukuba akukho mpazamo ifunyenweyo, iyaqinisekisa. Intlanganiso zingafuna uhlolo olubhekele phaya kwinkundla ephakamileyo (umz., iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S.), kodwa loo nkundla inolwazi ukwamkela kuphela iqhezungezo elincinane lamatyala elidlula kwi- jajiko. Kwimfihlo ebanzi, bona ingcaciso yendlela yokubhenela [[FLT: 0].S.

Ukunyanzelisa Umgwebo

Ukuphumelela umgwebo akufani nokuqokelela. Ukuba iqela elilahlekileyo alihlawulwa ngokuzithandela, lowo uphumeleleyo kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa uluntu. Umniki-tyala (winner) angafumana “umqathango wokufumana isigwebo” enkundleni, eyala umgwebi okanye i-U.S. uququzelela ukuba afumane aze athengise impahla engaphelelwanga yilahleko (indawo, iinqwelo-mafutha, iingxelo zebhanki) ukwanelisa umgwebo. Ezinye izixhobo ziquka:

  • Igalelo legani-jingi – Umyalelo wenkundla ofuna umqeshi womtyali-tyala ukuba arhoxe isahlulo somvuzo aze asithumele kumntu obolekisa imali.
  • [[UMTL: 0] uLevi – Ukuzinza nokuthatha imali kwityala lebhanki.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ilitye elibi – Ibeka ubuxoki kwimpahla yokwenene, ngoko umntu onetyala akanakuwuthengisa umhlaba ngaphandle kokuhlawula umgwebo.

Ukunyanzeliswa kulawulwa ngumthetho karhulumente, kwaye abatyala isigwebo kufuneka bafumane iimpahla kunye neemfanelo zokuhamba (ababoleki-mali bavumelekile ukugcina iimfuno ezithile). Kwinkundla yephondo, umgwebo ungabhaliswa nakwesiphi na isithili sorhulumente apho lowo ubolelekileyo enezinto zakhe. Amanye amatyala awahlawulwa ekuwisweni kwemali (umz., ukuqhatha, ukwenza okubi ngabom), ngoko ukunyanzelisa kusenokuba ngumgudu wexesha elide.

Isiphelo

Uhambo olusuka ekufakeni iinguqu ukuya kwisigqibo sokugqibela (nesokugqiba), lunye ngaphaya ko-(inkqubo entsonkothileyo, eninzi nefuna ubuchule obucokisekileyo, ulwazi lwemithetho yendalo, nokuqondwa komthetho ophantsi. Iqonga ngalinye, ukusuka ekufakeni isikhalazo esiya kwiziphumo zomthetho kunye nokunyanzelisa, linika amathuba nemiqobo. Kubafundi nabafundisi, ukumathisela la manyathelo kubalulekile ukuyiqonda indlela iinkundla ezilawula ngayo okusesikweni. Ngoxa eli nqaku ligqubuthela indlela yolwaphulo-mthetho, iinkqubo ezifanayo ziyasebenza kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho (ngokukhuselwa komgano-mthetho ongakumbi kwabamangalelwa). Ngokuqonda inkqubo yokwakha kunye nokuhamba kwenkundla, awufumani bulumko nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona obuluncedo obunokukwazi ukubonakalisa ukuqhuba inkqubo esemthethweni.