Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho yinjini yolawulo-demokhrasi, ukuguqulela ukuthanda kwabantu kwimithetho elungelelanisa ibutho labantu. Kubemi abanqwenela ukubumba uluntu lwabo, amazwe, okanye uhlanga, ukuqonda le nkqubo akuyomfuneko qha, kuyimfuneko. Nangona inkqubo ingathi inzima, yakhiwe ngeencam ezininzi zokungena kwigalelo likawonke-wonke. Eli nqaku linika indlela epheleleyo yokuhamba ngendlela esemthethweni, kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, indlela abantu abaqhelekileyo abanokuyiphembelela ngayo loo hambo ngenyathelo ngalinye. Ukuba ngaba ungumxhasi onobuchule okanye ungumquququzeleli wezo-mthetho, ukwazi ukukunika amandla okubala ilizwi lakho.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yomthetho: Isiseko Sesenzo

Phambi kokuba ingcamango yenkqubo ibe ngumthetho ongqongqo, kufuneka iqhube uthotho lwamaqondo angomsombululo, adla ngokuphixana. Le ndlela ikho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqwalaselwa ngenyameko, kodwa ikwadala iifestile ukuze abe nempembelelo kubemi. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwemali, uhlolo lwekomiti, ingxoxo yomgangatho, ukuvota kumagumbi omabini, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukugunyaziswa komongameli okanye komphathi-mikhosi. Iqonga ngalinye linemithetho yalo, izingqino, kunye namathuba okuba nenxaxheba kwabanye abantu.

IBhunga lase-U.S.--lidibanisa iNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeQela (ilona bala liphambili lomthetho wesizwe). Noko ke, izikhululo zowiso-mthetho zilandela umgaqo ofanayo. Ummi oyiqondayo inkqubo yengingqi angaluvumela lula olo lwazi kwikomkhulu okanye kwibhunga lesixeko sasekuhlaleni. Isitshixo kukuqaphela olo tshintsho lungafane luvele ngephanyazo. Lubangelwa lunxibelelwano oluqhubekayo, unxibelelwano olucwangco, kwaye luzimisele ukubandakanye nentlukwano yenkqubo.

Izinyuko zenkqubo yoMthetho

1. Ukwazisa ibhili

Uhambo lomthetho luqala xa ilungu leKhomishini `a' okanye i-Senator' ngokufowunelayo. Kuphela ngabamisi-mthetho abanokungenisa amatyala, kodwa iingcamango ezisemva kwabo zinokuvela naphi na: umbutho, iqela lenzala, umbutho karhulumente, okanye ummisi-mthetho ngokwawo. Emva kwentshayelelo, irejista yomthetho inikwe inani (umz. H.R. 1 okanye S. 1) kwaye ibhekisa kwikomiti enegunya kumbandela wayo.

Oko abemi banokukwenza: Ngaphambi kokuba baqale, abemi bangacebisa izimvo kumagosa abo anyuliweyo. Abenzi bomthetho abaninzi baphatha iiholo zedolophu okanye iintlanganiso apho bamema izicelo zemigaqo. Ukuba unenkathalo, uphando olukuyo oluphethwe yikomiti luze luchonge ummisi-mthetho ohlala kuloo komiti. Isicelo esinyuselwe kakuhle, sogcino-lwazi siyakwazi ukutyala imbewu yetyala elitsha.

Impinda yeKomiti

IiKomiti zilapho umsebenzi omninzi wemithetho wenzelwa khona. Zibamba iindlebe, ziqokelele ubungqina obungoogqhinga, kunye nokulungisa ingxoxo. Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"gateader" inqanaba ngenxa yokuba iikomiti zinokubulala ityala ngokusuka nje zingaqhubeki. Ngokuchasene noko, umthetho osindayo ekuhlolweni kwekomiti uyaqhubeka uhambela phambili kwaye umaleko wokuhlolisiswa kwengcaciso.

Zimbini iindidi zeekomiti ezingundoqo: iikomiti ezimileyo, ezisisigxina nezigubungela iindawo ezibanzi zenkqubo (umz., iVudiary, iMandla kunye neNkqubela-mali, Iinkonzo zezorhwebo), kwaye zikhethe okanye zikhethe iikomiti ezikhethekileyo, ezingokwexeshana kwaye zijolise ingqalelo kwiimbambano ezithile. Iikomiti ezingaphantsi, ezingamaqela amancinane kwikomiti emileyo, zisoloko zisingatha uhlolo lokuqala olunenkcukacha.

Oko abemi banokukwenza: iikomiti zokuchophela iindlebe zidla ngokuvela ebantwini, kwaye ezininzi zimpontshelwa kwi-intanethi. Ukunikezela ubungqina obubhaliweyo okanye ukuphulaphula amalungu ekomiti (okanye ngokungathi kunjalo) kunakho ukuphembelela ngqo. Ingingqi ziyakwazi ukuqhagamshelana nabasebenzi bekomiti. /iingcali ezingengomalungu ekomiti) ezilungisa nokucwangcisa ukuva nokucwangcisa ulwazi/ukuzabelana. Ukwakha ulwalamano nabasebenzi bekomiti kungane ngokuphumelelayo kunabaquququzeli bomthetho, ingakumbi kwimicimbi yobugcisa okanye yobugcisa.

3. Impikiswano ehambayo

Xa i-cread igqithisa ikomiti, ibhekisa kumgangatho wegumbi lokuyila. Endlu, ingxoxo yomgangatho ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo yiKomiti yeMimiselo, emisela imida yexesha kunye nemithetho yokulungisa. KwiBhunga leNtlanganiso, impikiswano idla ngokuba ivulekile, kwaye abaququzeleli bangathetha ngobude ukulibazisa ukuvota. . "Ngaphandle kokuba amavoti angama-60 avote ukubhenela ukuququzelela i-aced , kwaye impikiswano ye-menu i-speator iyakwazi ukubeka i-ficesss.

Ingxoxo yeqela yabalawuli yeyokuba abalawuli bachaza iindawo zabo, iimpikiswano zorhwebo, yaye maxa wambi bacebisa ukubuyiselwa komngcipheko wokugqibela. Eli qonga libonakala kakhulu kwaye lisoloko ligqunywe ngamajelo eendaba, liyenza ibe lixesha eliphambili loxinzelelo lukawonke-wonke.

Oko abemi banokukwenza: Ngexesha lengxoxo yomgangatho, ukuqhagamshelana nommeli wakho okanye umlinganisi ngqo/ifonewu, i-imeyili, okanye i-media yentlalo-mbini , kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi ukuba uninzi lwamaqumrhu athetha into enye. Ukulungelelanisiweyo kwamaphulo okubiza, apho amaqela aququzelela ubuninzi bomnxeba ngosuku olunye, angatshintsha umenzi womthetho. Kwakhona, ukubeka impikiswano kwisixhobo sokugcina ulwazi olunxulumene nonxibelelwano lwezentlalo lungabangela uluvo lwasekuhlaleni.

Ukujinga

Emva kwengxoxo, amavoti egumbi. Ukuba ireyithi iyadlula, iya kuhamba kwenye igumbi, apho yonke inkqubo iphinda-phinda khona, uhlolo lwekomiti, ingxoxo yomgangatho, kunye nevoti. Ukuba igumbi lesibini lidlulisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo, ikomiti yengqungquthela (equluniswe ngamalungu asemagumbini omabini) ixolelanisa umahluko. Uhlengahlengiso lwetyala kufuneka ludlule kuwo omabini amagumbi ngemo efanayo.

Oko abemi banokukwenza: Iirekhodi zokuvota zinguwonke-wonke. Emva kokuba abami bevoti, bangabulela abaxhasi kwaye bagxeke abachasi. Oku kujongwa njengemeko yexesha elizayo. Ngaphezu koko, abemi bangaqwalasela indlela abavoteli bomthetho abavota ngayo kwiityala ezingundoqo ngoovimba abanjengo . Govv: 3] okanye abathathi-mkhondo abafana noGovrack..

5. Ukukholiswa nguMongameli

Isigaba sokugqibela senzeka xa uMongameli efumana irekhodi. UMongameli uneenketho ezine: tyikitya umthetho, u-veto (wubuyisela kwi Congress ngokuphikisa), ivumele ukuba ibe ngumthetho ngaphandle kosayino emva kweentsuku ezilishumi (ukuba uCongress usekho kwintlanganiso), okanye ingxowa yayo (ukuba i-Congress Congress ikholwe phakathi kweentsuku ezilishumi, ityala lifa ngaphandle kotyikityo). Ukuba ivetoto, iBhunga lingazama ukukhupha ivoti yoninzi kwimida yomibini(a) enqabileyo kodwa iziphumo ezinokwenzeka.

Oko abemi banokukwenza: Ngethuba lefestile yeentsuku ezilishumi, abemi bangacela uMongameli ukuba asayine okanye afake i-veto. Oku kusebenza ngokukhethekileyo xa kudityaniswe namaphulo eendaba okanye iileta zikawonke-wonke ezityikitywe ziinkokeli zengingqi ezinempembelelo. Emva kweveto, abemi bangakhuthaza abameli babo ukuba baxhase okanye bachase imigudu yecebo.

Indlela Abemi Abanokuphembelela Ngayo Umthetho

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho ineengongoma ezininzi zokungena, kodwa impembelelo esebenzayo ifuna okungaphezulu kunomnxeba omnye. Ifuna ubuchule, ukuzingisa, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza ngokwesithethe senkqubo. Ngapha koko ziindlela eziqinisekisiweyo abemi abaye bazisebenzisa ukuseka imithetho kumgangatho ngamnye.

Ukunxibelelana Namagosa Amiselweyo

Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo luhlala sisixhobo esithe ngqo. I-imeyili ebhalwe kakuhle okanye iposi yelizwi ecacileyo ingamisa idesika yomgcini-sango kwaye ifakwe njengegalelo. Kwisiphumo esikhulu, yenza umyalezo wakho ube luncedo: lichaze igama lakho nedilesi (ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyi-acces), bhekisa inani elithile lemali okanye umba, kwaye uchaze indlela elikuchaphazela ngayo okanye uluntu lwakho.

Ukufowunela iofisi yesithili kusoloko kuphumelela kakhulu kunonxulumano oluya eWashington, D.C., ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi besithili balandele inkxalabo yasekuhlaleni ngokusondeleyo. Cinga ngokucwangcisa iintlanganiso eziphindaphindiweyo nabameli bakho basekuhlaleni ukuze bakhe ulwalamano oluqhubekayo.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwiindlebe Zasekuhlaleni NeeHolo Zedolophana

Ukuchotshelwa kwabantu ngokubanzi ngamathuba acwangcisiweyo okuba abemi bangenise ubungqina obudluliselwa ngomlomo okanye obubhaliweyo ngomthetho ocetyiswayo. Iikomiti ezininzi zamkela iingxelo ezibhaliweyo ezivela kubo nabani na ummi, ngelixa ubungqina bomlomo bungaphelelanga kwinani elincinane lezithethi, ngokufuthileyo kunyuswe sisitulo sekomiti. Ukwandisa amathuba akho okukhethwa, nxibelelana namaqela asekuhlaleni anxibelelana nabasebenzi beekomiti.

Iiholo zedolophana ezinkomfa enyulwe ligosa lakho azicwangciswanga kodwa zinempembelelo elinganayo. Ukubonisa ngamanani, ukubuza imibuzo ekhethekileyo, kunye nokwabelana ngamabali obuqu kunokuguqula imbono yomenzi-mthetho. Ukuba awunakuya ngamehlo, iziganeko ezininzi ngoku zihlala zinamathuba okufaka imibuzo ngokwezimvo.

Ukubandakanyeka Kuphulo Lweentambo

Amaphulo amatsha - ntliziyo acwangcisa abemi abaqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo lweqela. Oku kungaquka ukulayishwa kwelaphu lecango ukuya kwindlu yomnyango, ukugcinwa kwemfonomfono, izicelo, okanye amaphulo okubhala ileta. Amandla ephulo lengca alele ngamanani ayo kunye nokufikelela kwejiko-mvume. Xa ummisi-mthetho ebona amakhulu eentlobo ezidityanisiweyo kwinkupho enye, umyalezo awubangenwanga.

Amaphulo aphumelelayo adla ngokusebenzisana nemibutho esunguliweyo enika uqeqesho kunye nomanyano. Umzekelo, Iphawuleka kunye namaqela afanayo anika izixhobo zezixhobo zezahluko zasekuhlaleni. Ingingqi nazo zingaqalisa amaphulo azo zisebenzisa ijelo-lwazi loluntu kunye nekhusi elikhululekileyo lesicelo kwi-intanethi.

Ukusebenzisa Izixhobo Zonxibelelwano NezobuGcisa

Uphatho lwezibonelelo zentlalo lunikezele kubenzi bomthetho. Abameli abaninzi kunye nabaLawuli bagcina ii-akhawunti ezisebenzayo ze-Twitter, i-Facebook, kunye ne-Istagram. Ukuziphawula kwizithuba, usebenzisa ii-hathtags ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokwabelana ngefowuni kwisenzo kungakhawulezisa ukwandisa umyalezo. Noko ke, ukubophelela kwamanani kusebenza kakhulu xa kudityaniswe nezenzo ezingekho intanethi. I-tweet ingaphawulwa, kodwa unxulumano kwi-ofisi yesithili kunzima ukululahla.

Ukongezelela, izixhobo zamanani ezifana nePopvox ne-Counible zivumela abemi ukuba balandele iindleko, babhalise iindawo zabo, baze babone indlela ilungu labo leKhomishini elivota ngayo. La maqonga avelisa iimbono ezidibeneyo kwaye azinike abaququzeleli-mthetho, zidala irhintyela eliphembelela izigqibo zexesha elizayo.

Ukudibanisa Amaqela Obudlelane Namaqela

Amaqela obuchule anika ubuchule, oovimba, kunye namandla ahlangeneyo. Nokuba yi-ALU ukwenzela inkululeko yabemi, iSierra Club yemekobume, okanye iMelika kancer Society ukwenzela imicimbi yempilo, le mibutho ijonge umthetho, iqokelela abaxhasi, kwaye isoloko ifikelela ngqo kubenzi bomthetho kunye nabasebenzi beekomiti. Ukudibanisa iqela elinjalo ``````ilungu elilihlawula'' okanye qeqeshwa'' ngamathuba athile] kuwembutho loluntu elijongenento yokwenza ungene kwimpembelelo yakho.

Kwimbambano yasekuhlaleni, umanyano lwasekuhlaleni, amashishini amancinane, nabantu abakholwayo lunokuzisa umanyano olungenakufunyanwa ngumntu.

Ubuchule Bokuphumelela

Ukwazi inkqubo nezixhobo zemfazwe kusisiqingatha sedabi. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zahlula ukusetyenziswa kwemali ngokunempumelelo kwiinjongo ezilungileyo.

Yakha Ulwalamano Ngaphambi Kokuba Lufuneke

Abenzi bomthetho kunye nabasebenzi babo bamkela intsebenziswano engakumbi. Ukubakho kwiziganeko zasekuhlaleni, amatsha - ntliziyo, okanye nje ucwangcise intlanganiso yokuqala neofisi yesithili yommeli wakho. Xa kamva kufuneka ucele ivoti okanye uphikise ityala, uza kuba nesiseko sokuthembana. Lo mgaqo usebenza kubasebenzi beekomiti, abancedisi bemithetho, kwanakwabanye abemi abanolwano nawe.

Ixesha ojolise ngalo

Imicimbi yekhalenda yowiso-mthetho. Ukudibana nomenzi-mthetho ngexesha lobushushu bengxoxo yomgangatho kwahlukile kakhulu ekudibaneni nabo kwiinyanga phambi kokuba kuqaliswe isibhaka- tyala. Ukufika kwasekuqaleni kunceda ukubumba ulwimi lwemali; ukufika emva kwexesha kungaphembelela ukuvota kokugqibela. Sebenzisa iCongress.gov's "Ingqikelelo-magama" uphawu lokubona ubume bale ngxelo kunye nemihla yezitshixo.

Sebenzisani Inkcazelo Namabali Obuqu Ndawonye

Inyaniso iqinisekisa iingqondo; amabali ashukumisa iintliziyo. Umyalezo osebenzayo wobuqhinga udityanisiwe zombini: yabelana ngexabiso elithe ngqo lokungathathi-nxaxheba, emva koko yilandele ngolwazi olufutshane lobuqu ngendlela lomba ochaphazela ngayo intsapho yakho okanye ishishini lakho. Le ndlela idibeneyo ibangela impembelelo ngakumbi kunaleyo yedwa. Ukuba une data evela kumthombo othembekileyo, yikhankanye. Ukuba unamava onzulu, yichaze ngokulula.

Ulwandiso Olunqamlezayo

Akukho mmi mnye onokubhala yonke imali. Umbizane nabanye abakhathalela imicimbi enxulumeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ulwela uthutho olungcono lukawonke-wonke, ukuncedisana namaqela okusingqongileyo, abameli bamalungelo eziphene, kunye namaqumrhu eshishini.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Impembelelo Yabemi Ebonakaliswayo

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa ukuba ukuganana kwabemi kuyasebenza. Qwalasela ukuphinda kubhalwe koMthetho weElementary nowemfundo kaCheberi (ESA) ngo- 2015. Abazali nootitshala abacwangciswe ngePTAs kunye namaqela esizwe asekuhlaleni ukutyhalela phambili utshintsho kwiimfuno zovavanyo kunye neemilinganiselo yokuphendula. Ingxelo yabo ekuchotshelweni kweekomiti kunye nonxulumano olulungelelanisiweyo kubenzi bomthetho banceda ekulungiseni isigqeba sokugqibela, esathi sabuyisela emva amanye amalungiselelo oNo Child Left Bend esolited abangela ukugxekwa okubheqwa ngokubanziswa.

Omnye umzekelo ngumgudu wokwandisa iMedicaid kumacandelo amaninzi awaxhathisayo ekuqaleni. Kumaphondo anjenge Maine ne Idaho, abemi baqokelela intsayino, basebenzisa amanyathelo okufaka ibhola, kunye nabamisi-mthetho abaphangi belizwe ngokungapheziyo. Imigudu yabo ekugqibeleni yanyanzelisa loo mazwe ukuba andise intelekelelo, ibonisa ukuba ukunyanzeleka kokunganyangeki kungayoyisa kwanenkcaso enamandla elwayo.

Kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, amaqela asekuhlaleni kwizixeko ezinjengePortland, i-Oregon, aphumelela ekunyanzeleni amabhunga esixeko ukuba amkele amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula irente. Basebenzisa udityaniso lwezimvo zikawonke-wonke, amaphulo onxibelelwano olunxulumene noluntu, kunye nokulayishwa kweminyango ukuya kungena kwindlu yomnyango ukuze kwakhiwe umbutho owaguqula umthetho kamasipala.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho asiyomfihlelo egcinelwe abaxhasi nabangenisi bezobupolitika. Yinkqubo yokusebenza ngemposiso, yokwenza izigqibo ezivulela abami iminyango emininzi. Ngokuqonda isigaba ngasinye (ukusuka kwisehlo sephepha lokungena kwimvume kamongameli) kwaye kusasazwa iindlela ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nawuphi na umntu okanye uluntu olunokuphembelela imithetho elawulayo. Qhagamshelana namagosa akho anyuliweyo, akhoyo, athelele iindlebe, athelele nabanye, aze asebenzise izixhobo zamanani ukunyusa ilizwi lakho. Idemokhrasi ayiyo umdlalo osebenzayo, oxeliweyo, nongaphendukiyo. Umthetho olandelayo onokuthi utshintshe ubomi bakho ngomnxeba omnye okanye ngefowuni enye okanye incwadi obhalayo namhlanje.