Iinkqubo zomthetho nophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo: iSindululo esicacileyo sabanga ingcali

Iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nenkqubela-phambili yenkqubo yenza isiseko sendlela ibutho labantu eliyila, elitolika, nelinyazisa ngayo imithetho elawula ukuziphatha, ikhusela amalungelo, kunye nokugcina ucwangco. Kubo bangenayo imvelaphi esemthethweni, ezi ngcamango zinokubonakala zingekho okanye zingekho. Kodwa ukuziqonda kubalulekile ekubeni ngummi ofundileyo, ukunyanzeleka koshishino, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezezentlalo. Eli nqaku linikela ushwankathelo olucokisekileyo, olucacileyo lolwimi lwenkqubo yezomthetho, indlela eziphuhliswa ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo, nendlela ezi zinto zimbini ezisebenza ngayo ekubumbeni imithetho esiphila ngayo.

Kulula, inkqubo yomthetho yinkqubo elungiselelwe ukulungiselela apho ibutho labantu lidala khona, lisebenzisa, linyanzelisa imithetho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo, yinkqubo okanye ikhondo lesenzo exhaswe ngurhulumente, umbutho, okanye elinye iqumrhu ukukhokela izigqibo nokufikelela iziphumo ezisengqiqweni. Ngokufuthi ipolicia iqalisa imithetho kwaye inike ingqiqo ngesenzo somthetho okanye solawulo. Nganye, iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuyila umthetho kucwangciswe, kumelelwe, kuphendulwe, kwaye kuyamkeleka ekutshintsheni iimfuno zentlalo.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yomthetho

Inkqubo yomthetho ayingombutho nje wemimiselo nezigqibo zenkundla. Iquka lonke ilungiselelo leenkundla, iindlu zowiso-mthetho, amaqumrhu aphetheyo, kunye neenkonzo zomthetho ezitolika zize zisebenzise umthetho. Iinkqubo zomthetho ziyahluka-hluka kakhulu kwiimeko zolawulo, ziphenjelelwa yimbali, inkcubeko, unqulo, nentanda-bulumko yezobupolitika. Iintlobo eziphambili zeenkqubo zomthetho ehlabathini namhlanje zingumthetho oqhelekileyo, umthetho wamakhaya, umthetho wonqulo, kunye neenkqubo zentlalo-ntlalo-ntle ezidibanisa amaqela ezithethe ezininzi.

Iinkqubo zoMthetho oqhelekileyo

Umthetho oqhelekileyo wasungulwa eNgilani yamaxesha aphakathi kwaye ngoku usebenza kumazwe amaninzi athetha isiNgesi, kuquka i-United States, i-United Kingdom, i-Ostreliya, kunye ne-Indiya. Ubeko oluchazayo lomthetho oqhelekileyo kukuxhomekeka kwawo kwimizekelo egweba – umgaqo we stare decis[ (isiLatin (ukuma ngokwezigqibo zendalo”). Phantsi kwale kwenkqubo, abagwebi banegunya lokuchaza imimiselo nokuphuhlisa imigaqo yemithetho ngemimiselo yabo ngokweemeko nganye. Ezi zigqibo ziba yibopho engaphantsi kwiinkundla zexesha elizayo.

Kwinkqubo yomthetho eqhelekileyo, abagwebi benza indima esebenzayo ekulungiseni umthetho. Oku kubhexexeshi kuvumela umthetho ukuba ulungelelanise neemeko ezintsha ngaphandle kokulinda inyathelo lowiso-mthetho. Noko ke, kwakhona kuthetha ukuba iziphumo ezingokwasemthethweni zinokuxhomekeka kwinkundla ethile nakwizindululo zabagwebi ababandakanyekileyo. Iinkqubo zomthetho oqhelekileyo zikwaxhomekeke kakhulu kwiingxoxo zomthetho, apho amaqela amabini aphikisanayo anikela ubungqina neempikiswano phambi komgwebi okanye umgwebi ongakhethi cala.

Inkqubo yoMthetho waBalelwane

Umthetho wamakhaya, okwabizwa ngokuba yimithetho esemthethweni elungelelanisiweyo okanye eRoma, yeyona nkqubo yomthetho yasasazeke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, efumaneka kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, eMzantsi Merika, kwinxalenye enkulu ye-Asia, kunye neAfrika. Imvelaphi yawo ibuyela kumthetho wamaRoma kunye ne-Napoleonic Code. Umongo ongundoqo womthetho wasekuhlaleni ngumthetho ocacileyo, olungelelanisiweyo ogquma zonke iinkalo ezinkulu zomthetho – isigebengu, ezorhwebo, ezolawulo, kunye nomgaqo-siseko. Abagwebi kwiinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya banendima elinganiselwe: basebenzisa loo mithetho ngqo kwiimeko zetyala, kunokuba benze imigaqo emitsha esemthethweni. IPrecedenti ayisebenzi, nangona izigqibo eziphezulu zenkundla zinokuba nempembelelo.

Iinkqubo zomthetho wamakhaya ziqheleke ukuba zicace ngakumbi kwaye zifana kunenkqubo yomthetho eqhelekileyo kuba imigaqo yemithetho inika imithetho ecacileyo phantse kuzo zonke iimeko. Inkqubo yenkundla idla ngokuba yinkundla yamatyala, abagwebi abathatha indima ephambili ekuqokeleleni ubungqina nokubuza amangqina. Ukugxininisa kubhaliso olubhaliweyo kunokuba kuthethwe ngomlomo. Amazwe amaninzi adibanisa umthetho wesizwe nezinye izithethe; umzekelo, iJapan idibanisa umthetho wesizwe nezithethe ezinamandla zezenkcubeko, ngoxa iTshayina igcina umthetho wesizwe onolawulo olubalulekileyo lwesizwe.

Iinkqubo Zomthetho Wonqulo

Kwamanye amazwe, imigaqo yonqulo ngumthombo oyintloko womthetho. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo ngumthetho wamaSilamsi (u-Sharia), olawula imicimbi efana nomtshato, uqhawulo-mtshato, ilifa, kunye netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho kumazwe afana neSaudi Arabia, Iran, ne Afghanistan. I-Sharia isuka kwiQuran, iHadith (amazwi kaProfethi Mushulim), kunye nemvume yabaphengululi bamaSilamsi. Kule nkqubo, iinkundla zonqulo zidla ngokulawula imicimbi yobuqu, ngoxa iinkundla zelizwe zisingatha imicimbi yezorhwebo neyolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ezinye iinkqubo zomthetho ziquka umthetho wamaYuda iHalakha namaHindu, nangona kumaphondo anamhlanje ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kwimicimbi yobuqu kuphela kumalungu ebutho labantu. Iinkqubo zonqulo zidala ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo xa zingqubana nemilinganiselo yamalungelo abantu yezizwe ngezizwe okanye xa urhulumente ethabatha isiseko somthetho wehlabathi esingokwabanye abantu.

Iinkqubo Ezichuliweyo Nezobugxuma

Amazwe amaninzi asebenza phantsi kwemigaqo-mthetho exubeneyo okanye exubeneyo edibanisa amalungu omthetho oqhelekileyo, umthetho wamakhaya, nomthetho wesizwe, kunye nomthetho wesithethe. UMzantsi Afrika, unenkqubo exubileyo edibanisa umthetho wamaRoma noMkhosi kunye nomthetho wesiXhosa wesithethe somthonyama. Ngokufanayo iSkotlani isebenzisa umxube womthetho wesizwe (osekelwe kumthetho wamaRoma) nomthetho oqhelekileyo. Iinkqubo ze-Hybrid zidla ngokuvela kwimbali yamathanga, ukufuduka, okanye imigudu yamaqhinga okuhlalisa amaqela ahlukahlukene abantu. Ezi nkqubo zifuna unxibelelwano olulunyukileyo ukuze ziphephe imfazwe phakathi kwemithombo eyahlukeneyo esemthethweni.

Inkqubo yophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo

Inkqubela-nkqubo yenkqubo yinkqubo apho oorhulumente nemibutho idala imithetho, izikhokelo, okanye iindlela zokufikelela iinjongo ezithile zikawonke-wonke. Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho, enyanzeliswayo kwaye enyanzeliswa ziinkundla, iinkqubo zisoloko zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye zinokuhlaziywa ngaphandle komthetho osemthethweni. Noko ke, imigaqo emininzi ekugqibeleni ikhokelela kwimithetho emitsha okanye imimiselo. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokuphuhlisa inkqubo kunceda abemi nabangeni-mali bathabathe inxaxheba ngokunentsingiselo ekulungiseni imithetho echaphazela ubomi babo.

Umlinganiselo 1: Ukwaziwa kwengxaki kunye nocwangciso lwe-Agenda

Inkqubo nganye iqala ngokuqwalaselwa kwengxaki efuna ungenelelo lukarhulumente. Iingxaki zingavela ekufuneni uluntu, ekukhutshweni kwejelo leendaba, ekuqulunqweni kwenzala, kwi-arhente, kwiingxelo zengcaphephe, okanye kwiimeko ezimaxongo. Umlinganiselo onyukayo wokukhotyokiswa yi-opioid usenokukhuthaza abenzi benkqubo yokuqwalasela imimiselo emitsha ngeziyobisi zikagqirha. Kweli nqanaba, le mbambano kufuneka ifumane ingqalelo eyaneleyo ukuze ibekwe kwimibaliso yomthetho-oomasipala – uluhlu lwemibandela amaqumrhu karhulumente acinga ngayo ngokukhutheleyo.

Isiqendu 2: Uphando nohlalutyo

Xa ingxaki ikwimeko ecwangcisiweyo, abenzi benkqubo baqokelela ubungqina bokuqonda iziphumo zayo, ubungakanani, kunye nezisombululo ezinokwenzeka. Eli nyathelo libandakanya uhlolo lwezifundo zemfundo, ubalo-manani, uhlolisiso oluvela kwezinye iindawo zolawulo, kunye nobungqina obuyingcaphephe. Amasebe karhulumente, iinqwelo-mafutha, iinqwelo-mafutha, kunye namaqumrhu ophando asoloko evelisa iingxelo ezizisa uhlalutyo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon entweni, ukufuzisela kwezoqoqosho, kunye nothelekiso lweenkqubo eziphumelelayo zokuthengisa ngempumelelo eYurophu okanye eNyakatho Merika.

Icandelo 3: Ubalo

Uphuhliso lwenkqubo olunempumelelo lufuna ungeno olusuka kwabo baza kuchaphazeleka yimithetho. Abaxhasi baquka unxulumano lwezoshishino, amaqumrhu abasebenzi, imibutho engenisa ingeniso, amaqela oluntu, iingcali zemfundo, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Iindlela zokuhlola zisuka kwiimvo eziqhelekileyo zokuva noluvo lwamagqabaza, ii-arhente, kunye neekomiti zolawulo-mthetho. Injongo kukuchonga iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga, ukwakha inkxaso, kunye nezicelo zokucombulula iinguqu ngaphambi kokuba zigqitywe. Kumazwe amaninzi oonorhulumente kufuneka umthetho upapashishe imigaqo-nkqubo ye-projective kunye nokumema izindululo zikawonke-wonke.

Isiqhobosho 4: Uyilo kunye nocwangciso

Ngokusekelwe kuphando nakwisicelo, abahlalutyi benkqubo kunye neengcali zezomthetho benza uxwebhu olunenkcukacha zenkqubo. Olu xwebhu luchaza iinjongo, umlinganiselo, iindlela zokuzalisekisa, imigca yexesha, kunye nezibonisi zokwenza umsebenzi. Ukuba inkqubo iza kuba ngumthetho, idrafti ingathatha uhlobo lwemali okanye izicelo zomthetho. Uyidrafti mayichane ukuze kuphetshwe ukungacaca okunokuthi kamva kukhokelele kwimingeni esemthethweni. Kule nqanaba, abenzi benkqubo bakwaqwalasela indlela inkqubo ehambelana ngayo nemithetho ekhoyo kunye neembopheleleko zezizwe ngezizwe.

Isebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Inkqubo yedrafti iyavunywa liqumrhu lokwenza izigqibo. Kwimeko yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, oku kungabandakanya ivoti yekhabhathi, ingxoxo yepalamente, okanye umyalelo wolawulo oluphezulu. Kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula, umbutho ozimeleyo ungafumana ivoti emva kwexesha lesaziso sikawonke-wonke nexesha lokuququzelela. Ukuvunywa kufuna ulungiso olusesikweni, kuquka uhlalutyo lwemali yexabiso kunye nohlolo lwempembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Xa ivunyiwe, inkqubo iba semthethweni kwaye ipapashwa kwiiwebhusayithi zikarhulumente, okanye ngezinye izitetho zikarhulumente.

Isiqendu 6: Uzalisekiso

Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokungatshati kuxhomekeke kumaziko karhulumente, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, okanye kwamanye amaqumrhu. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo kungafuna iinkqubo ezintsha, uqeqesho, inkxaso-mali, kunye nezibonelelo zokulawula. Umzekelo, ukuseka umgangatho omtsha wokukhusela ukutya kuya kufuna ukuhlolwa, uvavanyo lwelebhusayithi, kunye noncedo olugunyazisiweyo kumashishini. Ukwenziwa kwamandla kubandakanya intlawulo, imiyalelo yenkundla, okanye ukupheliswa kweengenelo.

Isiqhobosho 7: Uvavanyo kunye noHlaziyo

Imithetho yolawulo ayimi ndawonye. Oorhulumente basoloko bevavanya ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo iyayifikelela iziphumo zabo ezicetyiweyo. Uvavanyo lungabandakanya uhlalutyo lwezibalo, uphicotho-zincwadi, uhlolo lomsebenzi, okanye uphando oluzimeleyo. Ukuba inkqubo iyasilela okanye iyabangela umonakalo ongalindelekanga, isenokuhlaziywa okanye iphinde iphinde ilungiswe. Olu xwebhu lwempendulo luqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo ihlala ifanelekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle ngexesha elithile. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza, ivavanya ugcino-lwazi lwenziwe ngokubanzi ukuba luvumele umbuzo kunye nengxoxo engolwazi.

Indlela Iinkqubo ezingokwasemthethweni nezobupolisa

Iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo zidityaniswe ngokunzulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinkqubo zinika umgaqo-siseko wengqiqo kunye nogunyaziso lwezopolitiko lwemithetho emitsha okanye imimiselo. Ngokuchasene noko, inkqubo esemthethweni imisela imida enokuthi isebenze ngayo – umzekelo, ngokufuna inkqubo efunekayo, ngokukhusela amalungelo asisiseko, okanye ngokunamathela kwimida yomGaqo-siseko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo

Kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, amaqumrhu owiso-mthetho aguqulela izigqibo zenkqubo kwimithetho emanyanisayo. Umzekelo, inkqubo karhulumente yokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu isenokukhokelela kummiselo onyanzelisa irhafu yekharbon, okanye omisela ii-steps ezikhutshwayo, okanye oyalela ukuhlaziywa kwamandla. Uxwebhu lwenkqubo ngokwalo asingomthetho - kodwa luphembelela inkqubo yomthetho. Ngokufanayo, amaqumrhu aphetheyo adla ngokunikezela ngemithetho (enamandla omthetho) esekelwe kwigunya lomthetho owiso-mthetho-addiven.

Inkqubo Esemthethweni Iphembelela Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha

Xa inkqubo iba ngumthetho, iinkundla zomthetho – iinkundla, amapolisa, amaqumrhu omthetho – ayayinyanzela. Iinkundla zichaza imithetho engaqondakaliyo, zicombulula iimpikiswano ngokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo, zimisele nokuba imigaqo karhulumente iyavisisana na nemigaqo-siseko okanye yemithetho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inkqubo ifuna ukuba amashishini atyhile izinto, inkampani engathobeli ukuthobela imigaqo-mthetho ingajamelana nentengiso egunyaziswe liqumrhu okanye ityala elivela kumthengi. Inkqubo yomthetho iqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-mthetho isebenza ngokungaguquki nangokufanelekileyo, kwaye imibutho yabantu kunye nemibutho iyakwazi ukuvavanyaza izenzo ezingekho mthethweni okanye ezingekho mthethweni.

Imiqathango Yohlolo-mthetho Nemigaqo

Kumazwe anokuhlola umGaqo-siseko, iinkundla zingawisa imithetho okanye imithetho eyizalisekisayo ukuba iyawuchasa umgaqo-siseko. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ayiwachaphazeli amalungelo asisiseko, njengenkululeko yokuthetha, ukulingana phambi komthetho, okanye ukukhuselwa ekuvalelweni ngokungekho mthethweni. Ukuhlola okusesikweni kukwathintela imigaqo-nkqubo yokungalisebenzisi igunya elinikwe isebe elithile likarhulumente. Umzekelo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. iqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yemeko yemeko esesikweni ithe yawachaphaza ityala kumaziko omgaqo-siseko, inyanze abenzi bemithetho baphinde bavume ukuba basebenzise indlela yabo yokusebenza.

Isizathu sokuba ii-asethi ezingezizo zifanele ziqonde iinkqubo zomthetho nophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuqonda indlela iinkqubo zomthetho ezisebenza ngayo akuncedi amagqwetha, abezobupolitika okanye abasebenzi belizwe kuphela, kunika abemi abaqhelekileyo amandla okuba babe nenxaxheba kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi, bagcine oorhulumente benetyala, bakhusele amalungelo abo.

Ubungqina

Xa abemi beyiqonda inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo, bangayixhasa ngokunempumelelo iinguqulelo abazikhathalelayo – enoba ngokunikela amagqabaza kawonke-wonke, ngokuya kumava, ngokuvota abo batshatelwe ngeeplatfomu ezingqinelanayo okanye kwanaxa bebaleka ukuya eofisini. Ukwazi isakhiwo senkqubo esemthethweni kunceda abantu baqonde ukuba yiyiphi inkundla abanokujika kuyo ukuba amalungelo abo aphulwe nokuba banokunikela njani okanye babhenele kwisigqibo.

Ukhuphiswano Lweshishini Noogcisa

Abasebenzi kunye nezifundiswa kufuneka bavumelane nemithetho emininzi – ukusuka kwimithetho yokusebenza ukuya kwimigangatho yemeko-bume. Ukuqonda imvelaphi yenkqubo yale mithetho kunceda amashishini alindele iinguqu zolawulo nokuzivumelanisa. Kukwawanceda ukuba abandakanye kwimiqathango yokunxibelelana nemigaqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho emitsha iyasebenziseka kwaye ilungelelane. Ngoku iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa imicimbi karhulumente ukuze zilandelele kakuhle inkqubo yokuphuhlisa nokuphembelela kuyo.

Ukukhuselwa Kwamalungelo Omntu

Ulwazi lwemigaqo esisiseko yezomthetho – njengomahluko phakathi komthetho wamakhaya nowamatyala, indima yecawa, nelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo – lungaba lubaluleke kakhulu xa umntu edibana nenkqubo yokusesikweni. Ngokufanayo, ukuqonda indlela imigaqo ebumba ngayo iinkonzo zikawonke wonke njengezonyango, imfundo, kunye nezindlu kunceda abantu benze izigqibo ezithe ngqo nezikhuthaza inkqubela kuluntu.

Ucelomngeni lwangoku kwiinkqubo zomthetho nophuhliso

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi, ubugcisa, kunye nokutshintsha kwemilinganiselo yoluntu kubeka iingcinezelo ezintsha kwiinkqubo zomthetho neenkqubo. Abangenazo iingcali bayangenelwa ngokuqonda ezi ngxaki ukubandakanyeka kwiingxubusho ngekamva lolawulo.

Iinkqubo zasemthethweni noTshintsho lwamanani

Unyuko lobuchule obungeyoyamvelo, i-blockchain, kunye neqonga lamanani luphakamisa imibuzo enokuthi izakhiwo zasemthethweni zesithethe zingenziwanga ukuba ziphendule. Umzekelo, ngubani obekekileyo xa isithuthi esizimeleyo sibangela ingozi? Impahla yolwazi ifanele isebenze njani ekudibaniseni okubangelwa yi-IA? Iinkqubo zezomthetho zitsala nzima ukuvumelana, kwaye inkqubela yenkqubo inqabile ukuqhuba isantya ngokutshintsha izinto. Ezinye iindawo zizama ukuphinda zifake ijelo-ebhuthi - - umvalo oluvumela ukuqalisa ukuvavanya iimo zentenginali ezintsha zezoshishino eziphantsi kwemithetho edaliweyo – njengesixhobo sokwenza ubuchule bokwenza utshintsho xa ulawulo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali emhlabeni wonke nokuchanabeka okusemthethweni

Njengoko urhwebo, ukufuduka, kunye nonxibelelwano lunqumla imida, iinkqubo zezomthetho zamazwe zihambelana ngokukhulayo. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, izivumelwano zorhwebo, kunye neendibano (njengesivumelwano seParis sokutshintsha imozulu okanye umgaqo-siseko jikelele wogcino-lwazi eYurophu) zidala intsalela yemithetho edibeneyo. Ngoku inkqubela-mthetho idla ngokufuna ukunxibelelana namanye amazwe, okunganciphisa imigaqo yasekhaya ebangela ukungavisisani phakathi kolawulo lwesizwe kunye nezibophelelo zomhlaba wonke. Kubantu abangengoogcuntswana, ukuqonda ukuba imithetho ayisafuneki kwingingqi epheleleyo yezolwazi, ukuthelekisa, namalungelo abantu.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kuwonke Wonke Nomthetho

Kulawulo-bume oluninzi, ukuthembana kwamaziko angokwasemthethweni kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kuye kwancipha. Abahlali basenokuvakalelwa kukuba iinkqubo zenziwe ngabantu abaphezulu ngaphandle kolwazi olunyanisekileyo. Ukuthetha ngale nto, abanye oorhulumente bamkela uqheliselo oluvulekileyo lokulawula, njengokushicilela onke amaphepha enkqubo kwi-intanethi, ukusebenzisa uqingqo-mali olunokwahlukana, okanye ukusebenzisa iziko loludwe lwemigangatho ukuze kuvunywe ngokungqalileyo. Noko ke, ezi zixhobo zikwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo kunye nomgangatho wentetho kawonke. Ucelomngeni lokuphuhliso inkqubo yenkqubo kukuyila iinkqubo ezivelisa i-Phondo esemthethweni, iziphumo ezisemthethweni ngaphandle kokubanjwa ngabambalwa abathethayo.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo azizibathanga abantu abafundayo – zinkqubo eziluncedo apho amaqumrhu eguqulela amaxabiso kwimithetho kunye nesenzo. Ngokuqonda iindidi ezisisiseko zeenkqubo zomthetho, amaqondo okudalwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo, nendlela ezimbini ezisebenzisana ngayo, iingcaphephe ezingezobugcisa zinokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba abanempumelelo ngakumbi kuluntu lwawo kwaye zikwazi ukumelana notshintsho. Ukuba ngaba ungummi ovota kunyulo, umnini-matshini olawulayo, okanye umxhasi okhuthaza ukulawulwa, ukuva ezi zizathu ezingundoqo kunika isiseko esibalulekileyo sokuqhuba ihlabathi langoku.