Ukwazisa: Isizathu Sokuba Uhlolisiso Oluvela Kumthombo Lube Lizinzi Lobumi Obufundelweyo

Kwixesha apho ulwazi lubaleka ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukukwazi ukuvavanya imithombo ngokucokisekileyo kuye kwaba lisiseko sokwazi ukufunda nokufunda. Imekobume yendalo yale mihla likrele elinomphetho ombini: inika ufikelelo olukhawulezileyo kubutyebi bolwazi, ukanti ikwaluphelisayo, ukungalungisi, kunye nokusasazwa kwenkcazelo. Kubafundi, abafundisi, kunye nabemi abatshatekileyo, ukucingisiswa kwemithombo yemfundo akuyondlela yobuchule nje yokufundisa. Ngaphandle kolwazi oluthembekileyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kuyakhathaza; ingxoxo enika intetho evakalayo, kwaye izigqibo zemithetho zikhuthulwa kude nobungqina.

Le ndlela inika isiseko esibanzi sokuhlola ukuthembeka, ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwemithombo. Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiiklasi, kumathala eencwadi, nakuphando lobuqu. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo neendlela ezichazwe apha, abafundi baya kuqinisa ubuchule babo bokusebenzisa inkcazelo, bakuphephe ukuphanda imigibe eqhelekileyo, baze banikele ngokunentsingiselo kwintetho yesidlangalala.

Isizathu Sokuba Imvelaphi Efihlakeleyo Ibaluleke

Iziphumo Zobandakanyeka Kwisibambiso

Inkcazelo ethembekileyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni intlalo-ntle. Izakhamuzi ezikwaziyo ukufumanisa imithombo ngokuchanekileyo zikulungele kakuhle:

  • Ukuba nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezisekelwe kwinyaniso kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke.
  • Yenza izigqibo zokuvota zisekelwe kwimiba engqinelweyo kunokuba ufune ukuchukumiseka ngokweemvakalelo.
  • Ukuxhasa imigaqo exhaswa yinkcazelo ethembekileyo nophando.
  • Qaphela xa ukuthumelelana imiyalezo yezobupolitika kuxhomekeke kumanani alahlekisayo okanye kubungqina obuchongiweyo.

Xa imvelaphi yovavanyo incipha, kunjalo nokulunga kwengxoxo kawonke-wonke. I-Misformation inganwenwa ngokukhawuleza, iphelisa ukuthembana kwamaziko kunye nokuphembelela ukuphunyelwa kwethafa. Ukuphuhlisa obu buchule kwasekuqaleni kwe-$ingakumbi kwizicwangciso zemfundo, --inceda abantu abangakwazi ukuqhatha ubuchule bokusebenzisana.

Ukuthembeka Nokufunda Ubomi Bakho Bonke

Kubafundi, uhlolisiso olusekelwe kwisiseko sokuthembeka kwemfundo. Izabelo ezifuna abafundi ukuba bafumane baze bahlole imithombo zibafundisa ukwahlula phakathi kophando olujongiwe ngoontanga, ukubika iindaba, iinkcubeko zeengcinga, kunye nenkcazelo egqwethekileyo. Obu buchule budluliselwa ngqo kwimeko-bume yobugcisa kunye nokwenza izigqibo zemihla ngemihla, enoba kukhethwa umnikezi-zinkonzo zempilo okanye ukutolika iindaba zemali.

Ukwenza isigqibo Sobuqu

Ngaphandle kwemeko-bume neyolwazi, imvelaphi ichaphazela impilo yomntu, imali kunye nolwalamano. Ukusuka ekuhloleni icebiso lezamayeza lokuqinisekisa iziphumo, kuyasebenza kwale migaqo. Ummi osoloko ehlola igunya, ucoselelo, nokhethe akafane aweli kwinkohliso, inzululwazi-mzekeliso, okanye iintsholongwane.

Indlela Engundoqo Yomthombo Wokuphuma

Xa uhlola nawuphi na umthombo ```inqaku leendaba, iphepha lemfundo, iposi ye-Web site', okanye i-media' yencoko yababini'. Lo mqathango umisela uluhlu olucwangcisiweyo olunokusetyenziswa ngaphaya kwemiqathango.

Igunya

ibhekiselele kwimfaneleko, ubuchule, okanye i-oveant yombhali okanye umpapashi. Imibuzo yokubuza: Ngubani owabhala oku? Ziziphi iisiqinisekiso? Zipapashiwe kulo mxholo ngaphambili? Ngaba umthombo ovela kwintlangano eqatshelweyo, umatshini weyunivesithi, okanye umbutho karhulumente? Inqaku elingenzululwazi yemozulu epapashwa ngumphengululi we-iyunivesithi enkulu linobunzima obungaphezulu kunobunzima obungamiselwanga progqeba. Noko ke, igunya alikho lichanile, kwaye abanye ababhali abathembekileyo banokuba nezingquzukiswano zezilangazelelo.

Ucoselelo

Ixhalabisa ukuba ulwazi luxhaswa ngobungqina, ucatshulo, kunye nedata eqinisekisiweyo. Jonga iimbekiselo kwimithombo engundoqo, uphando loontanga, okanye izibalo ezisemthethweni. Jonga ukuba umthombo uyavuma iimbono ezahlukeneyo okanye iimpikiswano. Umthombo ogqwetha iinkcukacha, ususa umongo obalulekileyo, okanye ongacacisiyo iintelekelelo zawo kufuneka zikhankanywe ngokukrokreleka.

I-Bias

ichaza imbonakalo, ucwangciso, okanye imvelaphi yendlela yokukhetha. Zonke imithombo iqulathe iqondo elithile localulo; injongo kukuyichaza nokuyiqwalasela indlela elulo ngayo unikezelo lolwazi. Ingaba umthombo usebenzisa ulwimi olungokweemvakalelo okanye amagama alayishweyo? Ingaba inikela kwicala elinye lombalwulo loxa ungahoyi ukuchasana nothotho? imvelaphi egqwethekileyo inokuba luncedo ukuba ikhethe layo likhanya-khanya kwaye lilinganiswe, kodwa kufuneka lilungelelaniswe nezinye iimbono. Iitshati zobucukumila, njengalatho IMedias/FOctive /FLT] i-Active [FLT], inganceda i-u, i-u kwimithombo ethemba nekhethe.

Imali

Inkcazo ibhekiselele kulungiso lolwazi. Kumabala ahamba ngokukhawuleza- . "Ulwazi-lwazi, unyango, izobupolitika" ulwazi olukhutshiweyo lungalahlekisa ngokuyingozi. Ngamaxesha onke phawula umhla wempapasho, kwaye khangela ukuba imvelaphi ihlaziyiwe okanye ihlaziywe. Kwimixholo yembali, imithombo emidala isenokugunyaziswa, kodwa kufuneka ivavanywe phakathi komongo wayo. Umthombo ukusuka ngo- 2015 malunga nemeko yezentlalo-ndaba usenokuba uphelelwe lixesha; umthombo osuka ku-2005 uzakusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo.

Phinda uphakamise

Irelevice ibuza ukuba umthombo uthetha ngqo ngombuzo wophando okanye isihloko esikhoyo. Imvelaphi enegunya eliphezulu nechanileyo ayisebenzi ukuba ayibhekisi kumxholo wakho. I-releving ibandakanya abaphulaphuli abacetyiweyo: ngumthombo obhalelwe iingcali, abafundi jikelele, okanye abaquki bemithetho? Inqaku lolwazi linokuba nobuchule kakhulu kumfundi wesikolo esiphakeme, ngexa isishwankathelo sondaba singenabunzulu bephepha eliphumeleleyo. Khetha imithombo efana nomgangatho kunye nenjongo yomsebenzi wakho.

Iindlela zokukhupha

Ukwazi imilinganiselo kusisiqingatha socelomngeni; ukuyisebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo kufuna iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zamkelwa ngokubanzi ngabagcini-malayi, abafundisi-lwazi, kunye nabalondolozi bezibakala. Basebenzela imithombo yamanani neyoshicilelo.

Uvavanyo LweCRAAP

Iveliswe yiMeriam Library kwiYunivesithi yeKhalifoniya yeLizwe, iChico, uvavanyo lwe- CRAAP luluphawu olubalulekileyo lwemilinganiso emihlanu yovavanyo: Imali, iRelevance, iGunyaziso, ucoselelo, kunye nenjongo. Inika inkqubo elula yokudibanisa (-10) ukuqulunqa ukunyaniseka komthombo. Uvavanyo lweCRAAP luluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekuqaliseni uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo ngendlela engalibalekiyo.

Ukufunda Emva

Ufundo lwasemva bubuchule obusetyenziswa ngabakhangeli-bacuphi benyaniso, abaxhaswe yiStanford History Education Group. Endaweni yokuhlala kwiwebhsayithi enye ukugweba ukuthembeka kwayo (ukufunda ngokunyukileyo), uvula ii-tab ezintsha ukuphanda imvelaphi ngokwayo. Umzekelo, ukuba udibana nebali leendaba kwinxuwa elingaqhelekanga, uphengulula elo ndawo, ubuni, kunye nengxelo yerekhodi kwezinye imithombo. Ukufunda okulandelayo kunceda ngokukhawuleza ukuchaza iindaba zenkohliso, iinkcazelo zosasazo, okanye imibutho eneengcamango ezigqwetha. CPUPRINS [FLT] inikeza izifundo nezihlolo zemfundo ezikhululekileyo kunye nengcebiso.

Indlela YeSIFT

Iveliswe ngu Mike Caulfield, indlela yeSIFT ine iintshukumo ezine:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Yima: Yima phambi kokwabelana okanye ukusebenzisa imvelaphi. Buza ukuba uyawazi na imvelaphi nodumo lwayo.
  • [[UMTLL: 0] dibanisa imvelaphi: Fumana ukuba ngubani owadalayo nokuba kutheni. Ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kungabonisa ikhethe okanye ukuswela ubuchule.
  • Fumana intengiso engcono: Jonga ezinye imvelaphi ezithembekileyo ezinika ingxelo ngengxelo enye. Zithini iiprojekti eziphambili okanye abakhangeli-ziba
  • [[FLT: 0] izibhengezo ze Trace, iicatshulwa, kunye ne media kwimo yokuqala: Ngokufuthi ulwazi luyagqwethwa njengoko lunwenwa. Tsala phantsi isifundo sokuqala, ulwimi, okanye umfanekiso ukubona ukuba intsingiselo ichanile kusini na.

I-SIFT isebenza kakhulu ekuhloleni ii-ofisi zezentlalo-ntle kunye ne-vectoro. Iqeqesha umhloli ukuba athandabuze ngaphandle kokukrokra.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Akukho mthombo mnye kufuneka uthenjwe ngaphandle koqinisekiso. Ukukhupha izithuba kuthetha ukukhangela intengo efanayo ngokuchasene nomthombo ozimeleyo omninzi, ```````I-AP'''''.' Imeko ekhethekileyo'. Imeko zolawulo zezopolitiko, imimandla yengingqi, okanye izithethe zenkcubeko. Urhulumente, ugcino-lwazi olunolwazi olufana noGoogle Scholar, kunye nemibutho emikhulu yeendaba (umz., i-Reuters, AP, BBC) zikho kakuhle kwincam zokuqalisa. Kwizinto eziziphelo ezithile, iindawo ezifana Snops] kunye [FLT:] FictalC]

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kuhlolo lwemvelaphi

Nabaphandi abanamava bawela ezichengeni, kuba beyazi le migibe banokuyijonga ngakumbi.

Uqinisekiso

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhasa imithombo ehambisana neenkolelo ezikhoyo ngaphambili. Kukhokelela abantu ukuba bamkele ubungqina obubuthathaka obuxhasa iimbono zabo baze babuchase ubungqina obunamandla obuziphikisayo. Ukuphikisana noku, funa ngamandla imithombo ecelw'ucelomngeni lweengcamango zakho, kwaye sebenzisa uphando olufanayo kwimithombo ovumelana ngayo nabo ungavumelani nabo.

Uxhomekeke ngokugqithileyo ku “.org” okanye “.edu” ummandla

Ngeli xesha i-.org kunye ne-.edu imimandla idla ngokubonakalisa ukungancedi okanye ukudityaniswa nemfundo, ayiyomiqathango ezenzekelayo yokuthembeka. Amaqela amaninzi okuphatha i-.org, kwaye amanye amanxuwa anephepha lobuqu elinokuqulatha iimbono ezingachananga.

Ukuqoba Utyekelo Lomntu Onengqiqo

I-profile yentsholongwane okanye inqaku elabelweneyo aliyonyaniso. I-Misformation idla ngokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunolwazi oluchanekileyo kuba ishukumis' okanye iyatshintsha ngokweemvakalelo. I-metrics (amaqela, afanayo, iimbono) zizibonisi zokuganana, azithembekanga.

Ukungahoyi Imeko Yecaphulo Nezitatistiki

Ukucaphula kunye namanani kusoloko kuthathwa ngaphandle komongo ukuxhasa ingxelo. Ngamaxesha onke landela isibhengezo esiya kumthombo waso wantlandlolo. Inani elinikelwe ngaphandle komhla, ubungakanani, okanye indlela yokusebenza alisebenzi. Umongo olahlekisayo uphawu logcino-lwazi lwemipu kunye nenkcazelo egqwethekileyo ngokufanayo.

Ukuzilolonga Okusebenzisekayo Kubafundi

Imisebenzi yezandla inceda abafundi baphucule ubuchule bokujonga. Le mithambo ilandelayo isuka kumgangatho wokuqala ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu.

Imvelaphi Yoqhagamshelaniso

Nika abafundi amanqaku amabini ngesiganeko esinye sangoku .enye esuka kwisixhobo sokukhupha iindaba esinedumela elihle (umz. Reuters) kunye nesinye kwimvelaphi engaziwayo (umz., inxuwa okanye indawo yeendaba yenkohliso). Cela abafundi ukuba bavavanye nganye usebenzisa uvavanyo lweCRAAP okanye indlela yeSIFT, bathelekise oko bakufumeneyo kumaqela amancinane. Oku kutyhila indlela umboniso, ulwimi, kunye nokuchaphaza okungathembaniyo kunye nokungathembekiyo.

Ucelomngeni lokuphumelela

Nika abafundi uluhlu lwezityholo ezilishumi , ezinye ziyinyaniso, ezinye zibubuxoki, ezinye zididane. Bacele ukuba basebenzise iiwebhsayithi ezikhangela inyani kunye nokufunda okulandelayo ukufumanisa ucoselelo lwento nganye. Bafune ukuba bakha uthotho lwemvelaphi abayisebenzisayo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuphikisa intetho nganye. Lo mthambo wakha imikhwa yophando kunye nolwazi kubafundi abagcina inkcukacha.

Uphicotho-zincwadi lweNkcubeko yezoshishino

Abafundi bayakwazi ukuqwalasela iinkonzo ezintlanu ezihlangatyezwa ngabahlobo okanye abantu abadumileyo, baze bahlolisise imvelaphi yeposi nganye. Abafundi bachaza izinto abazifumeneyo, baphawula ukuba ziziphi izinto ezisekelwe kwimithombo ethembekileyo nezinokuthenjwa. Oku kunxibelelanisa iziphumo ezibonisa amava abo e-intanethi.

Yakha uvavanyo lwenjongo

Kumaqela, abafundi benza i-rubric yokuhlola imithombo edityaniswe kumxholo othile (umz., ukutshintsha kwemozulu, amalungelo okuvota, izongezo zempilo). I-rubric kufuneka iquke imigaqo (igunya, ucoselelo, ikhethe, imali, ukusebenza) ene-starts ezicacileyo zokuphakamisa, eziphakathi, nezisezantsi. Lo msebenzi ukhulisa ukuqonda imigaqo nganye ngexesha usenza isixhobo esinokusisebenzisa kwakhona.

Izixhobo namanani ovavanyo lwemvelaphi

Ubugcisa bunika Uncedo olunamandla lokuhlola imithombo elungileyo.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Izixhobo ze Webhusayithi ezibhabhayo: FactCK.org [iipolitiki zase U.S.), Snopets[ [amarhe athe tyaba], kunye Inyaniso epheleleyo [UK]] inikeza uphando oluneenkcukacha lwentelekiso.
  • Izalathiso zomqambi: Izixhobo ezifana ne Phendla lendaba, iMedia Bias/ Fact i Khangela, ne B.S. Umfumani wongeza ireyithi zobunyani kunye nezilumkiso kwiiwebhusayithi njengoko ukhangela.
  • Uphendlo lomfanekiso lobuyiselo: Imifanekiso ye Google, i-Tineye, kunye ne-Yandex zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele imvelaphi yemifanekiso, esoloko isetyenziswa okanye ithatyathwe ngaphandle komongo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isiseko sedata se Academic: Umphengululi Google, JSTOR, kunye ne PubMod zinikeza unikezelo kuphando olujongiwe ngoontanga. Zisebenzise ukuqinisekisa iintelekelelo ezenziwe kumajelo eendaba athandwayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-media Curricula: Iqela lembali yemfundo inikeza uhlolo lwasimahla kunye neeplani zesifundo kuqikelelo loluntu kwi-intanethi.

Uvavanyo lwemvelaphi efudukayo

Oothisha benza indima ebalulekileyo kwimvelaphi ephithizelayo enqumla imibandela, hayi kwithala leencwadi okanye kwiiklasi ze-media. Indlela yokuyalela ngokunqamlezileyo iqinisa ubuchule kwiimeko ezininzi.

Kwizifundo Zentlalo Nezamayeza

Qwalasela indlela iingxelo ezahlukeneyo ezisigubungela ngayo isiganeko esinye sembali, zihlolisise imibandela esekelwe kwimbali, iintetho zezobupolitika, noovimba beendaba.

Kwinzululwazi Nakwizempilo

Fundisa abafundi ukuba bahlule phakathi kophando olujongiwe koontanga, ushicilelo olukhutshwayo, namanqaku adumileyo enzululwazi. Banike amaphulo akutshanje enzululwazi (umz., malunga necaffeine okanye isitofu) baze bacele abafundi ukuba bayikhangele emva kwisifundo sakuqala, baze bahlolisise indlela yophando kunye nemithombo yemali.

Ubugcisa BesiNgesi Neelwimi

Hlola ubuchule bokuphembelela kwiingcinga kunye noonomhleli. Abafundi mabafumane ubungqina obuxhasa oko kuthethwayo kwii-op-eps, baze bavavanye ukuba umbhali umela iingxelo eziphikisanayo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kwakha zombini ubuchule bokufunda obubalulekileyo kunye nengxoxo.

Kwizifundo zokufunda namanani

Ziiyunithi ezinikezelwe kwi-algorithiki, amagumbi eentlokoma, kunye namaphulo okurhoxisa ulwazi. Abafundi bangafumana icebo eliphosakeleyo ngebhayisikile yabo yokudada (ukusuka kwindalo ukuya kusasazwa ngentsholongwane) ukusasazeka kwezixhobo zohlalutyo lwenethwekhi (umz., Hoaxy) ukubona indlela ababheki nabaququzeleli abayandisa ngayo.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Inkqubo Yolwazi Elungelelanisiweyo

Imithombo ekhuphayo asilobuchule obunye kodwa luqheliso oluqhubekayo. Njengokuba ujongo lwenkcazelo luguquka ngezantsi, namaqonga amatsha, kunye nokuqukunjelwa kwe-Al-generated, imfuneko yovavanyo olunzima kuphela. Ngokufundisa abafundi kunye nathi ngokwethu ukusebenzisa imigaqo efana negunya, ucoselelo, imfihlelo, imali, kunye nobugcisa; ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokufunda kwamva, i-SIFT ihamba, kunye nezixhobo zokunqamleza; kunye nezixhobo zamanani ezinxinwayo, singakha ubuchule bokwabela obunamandla okusebenzisa.

Ukuganana kwezentlalo ngobuchule kuxhomekeke kwizibakala ezabelanayo. Xa abemi benokuvumelana ngoko kuyinyaniso, okanye ubuncinane ngendlela yokuqwalasela inyaniso efunekayo((-democracy) iba namandla. Ukuhlola imvelaphi asibobuchule nje besikolo; kuqheliselo lwengqondo, lofunxo, kunye nembopheleleko yexesha elide. Qala ukusebenzisa le migaqo namhlanje, kwaye ukhuthaze abanye ukuba benze okufanayo.