Ukuqonda Izithili Ezincinane Nempembelelo Yazo Ekuthumeni

Izithili ze-Electoral zizithintelo ezisisiseko zolwakhiwo lwedemokhrasi yabameli. Ivoti nganye ephoswa kurhulumente, kurhulumente, okanye kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni iwela kummandla ochaziweyo womhlaba onyula omnye okanye abameli abangakumbi. Ukumila, ubungakanani, kunye nokuhlelwa kwezi mimandla kugqiba ukuba ngubani ovayo amazwi, yiyiphi imiba efumana igalelo, nendlela amandla asasazwa ngayo phakathi kwamaqela ezobupolitika. Kuvoti, abafundisi, neenkokeli zengi, ngokufanayo, ukuqonda abaquququzeleli besithili sonyulo kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela indlela abathabatha ngayo inxaxheba kunyulo olulawulayo. Oku kunika ukhokelo oluhambela phambili kwimimandla ephezulu, inkqubo esemva kokudalwa kwabo, iziphumo zabo zokufikelela ekunyulweni, kunye neziphumo zabo zomngeniselo olulungela umgangatho wonyulo.

Ziyintoni Iisithili Ezineenqwelo - moya?

Izithili ze-Electoral, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-constitue, iihashe, okanye amagumbi eewadi, ngamaqela elizwe asetyenziselwa ukunyulela abameli kwiqumrhu lowiso-mthetho. Isithili ngasinye siyilelwe ukuqulatha inani elilinganayo labemi ukuze lonke ivoti ithwale ubunzima obulinganayo. Kwizithili ezikwilungu elinye, umvotisi ofumana uninzi ufumana indawo yokuhlala; kwimimandla ekwiziqithili ezininzi, abameli abaliqela bakhethwa kwindawo enye besebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokumelo loluhlu lokulinganisa okanye ukuvota okuthunyelwa komnye.

Imvelaphi Yembali

Ingcamango yokwahlula umhlaba ube ziiyunithi zonyulo isuka kudala. IRiphabliki yamaRoma yasebenzisa izihlalo zokuvota, yaye iipalamente zamaxesha aphakathi eYurophu zaxhomekeke ekumeleni kwelizwe kwimimandla ye-odoli kunye neendawo zokubala. Noko ke, inkqubo yale mihla yavela kwiinkulungwane zeshumi elinesibhozo neshumi elinethoba njengemibutho yedemokhrasi efuna umelo oluthe tyeleleneyo. UMgaqo-siseko wase-United States wayalela ukwabiwa kwezihlalo zezindlu phakathi kwabemi, kwaye uMthetho weBritane Reformation ka-1832 waqalisa inkqubo yokubonisa kwakhona iinguqulelo zobunganiselo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uthuthotho lweziquluko kunye neenkundla luye lwafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithili sihlala silungile kwaye sibonakala.

Iintlobo zeeDibethi ze-Electoral

Izithili ze-Electoral zingacaciswa ngenani labameli abakhethayo. kwimimandla engamalungu enye , esetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi njenge-United States, i-United Kingdom, ne Canada, izikhethi zesithili ngasinye, eziqheleke phantsi kwenkqubo yokuqala-yokuqala-yokugcina umthetho. iMilti-lungu ngalinye , iqhelekile kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu naseLatin America, ikhetha abameli ababini okanye abangaphezulu, isebenzisa umelo olulungelelanisiweyo. Ezinye iinkqubo zidibanisa zombini: umzekelo, zisebenzisa imodeli exutyikisiweyo apho uvota omnye webhola yeqela kunye neqela, umgangatho olungiselelwe ukuphumelela kwemiqatha yemiqatha, kunye neziphumo ezikhoyo phakathi kwezi zixhobo ezikhoyo phakathi kweziquququ zephondo.

Indima Yezithili Ezingummeli

Iphondo le-Electoral lisebenzisa imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Okokuqala, linika umelo lomzobo wendalo , liqinisekisa ukuba uluntu ngalunye lunommeli onikezelweyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Okwesibini, limisela [[] ukubala inani [: iziqu ziyamazi ummeli wabo ngu kwaye zingavota lowo umntu axhomekeke emsebenzini. Okwesithathu, imimandla ivumela umba osendaweni yayo yonke [[[FLT:]] ukwamkela ingqalelo, ukusuka kwinkxaso yesikolo kwimisebenzi yezemfundo. Ekugqibeleni, izithili zigcina umlinganiselo we-Atlantity [FFLT] [FLT]] ngolwahlulo lolwahlulo lolwano, ngaphandle kokwahlulwa liqela loluntu loluntu.

Noko ke, ukuphumelela komelo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela etsalwa ngayo imida yesithili. Izithili ezihlonela uluntu lwendalo nemida yamanani yabemi zidla ngokuvelisa abamisi-mthetho abasabelayo. Xa imida isetyenziswa ukukhuthaza ukuguquka koluntu okanye ubuhlanga, ukumela i-odolo kuyaphela kwaye abantu bayaphela.

Indlela Edalwe Ngayo Izithili Ezilinganayo: Inkqubo Yokothula

Inkqubo yokuzoba imida yesithili ehambayo yaziwa ngokuba kukulungisa (okanye ukuthotywa kwamanye amazwe). Iyenzeka rhoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokuba abantu besizwe, ukulungelelanisa utshintsho lwabemi. Amanyathelo abandakanyekayo ahluka-hlukeneyo ngegunya kodwa alandela ulandelelo olufanayo.

Ubalo

Ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo lwabemi lusisiseko sokwahlulwa kobulungisa besithili. Amazwe amaninzi aqhuba ubalo qho nyaka ngamnye, eqokelela ulwazi ngobukhulu babemi, ubudala, uhlanga, nezindlu. E-United States, ubalo lwe-Census Bureaunity lumisela ukuba zingaphi izihlalo zekomfantu nganye efunyanwa lizwe ngalinye ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba lulwahlulo. Emva kokwahlulwa, izahlulo-mthetho-mthetho okanye amagunya azimeleyo afumana imimandla e-odabini ngalinye kwiphondo ngalinye, eqinisekisa ukuba isithili ngasinye siqulethe amanani alinganayo abantu. Umgaqo "umntu omnye, ivoti enye" ufuna ukuba ukuphambuka ekufezekeni okugqibeleleyo kugwetyelwe ngeemfuno zelizwe elisemthethweni, kodwa iinkundla zinyanze imilinganiselo engqongqo, ingakumbi kwimimandla yemibutho.

Imida Ehlaziyayo

Ngaphandle kokulingana kwabemi, izidumbu ezilungisayo ziqwalasela uludwe lwemigaqo efuna ukwenziwa kwezingingqi ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo.

  • I- I-compatic: izithili kufuneka zihlanganiswe ngokwemo yelizwe, zithintele ukumila okungaqhelekanga okucebisa ukurhwebeshelwa.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-': Inxenye nganye yesithili kufuneka idityaniswe ngokomzimba, ngaphandle kweziqithi eziqhawukileyo.
  • Isivumelwano seNkxaso: Imida kufuneka yabelane ngezoqoqosho, ngokwesithethe, okanye ngamaqhina oluntu, anjengemimandla yesizwe okanye imimandla yasemaphandleni.
  • Ukhuselo lwamalungelo amancinane : Kumazwe amaninzi, imimandla akufunekanga inciphise amandla okuvota amaqela amancinane esizwe okanye olwimi. EUnited States, iSivumelwano sokuBonga Amalungelo Omthetho sikwalela izicwangciso zesithili zokukhulula ngabom okanye ngokuphumelelayo abavoti abambalwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] IFairness: Amanye amajelo afuna ngokucacileyo ukuba isithili singatsalelwa ekuthandeni iqela elithile okanye ityala.

Ezi zicwangciso zisoloko zingqubana. Umzekelo, isithili esidibeneyo singahlula ingingqi edityanisiweyo, ngexa isithili esenziwe ukumanyanisa uluntu sisenokuba asihambelani. Amaqumrhu ahlaziyayo kufuneka alungelelanise ezi ndawo zorhwebo, kwaye izigqibo zawo zisoloko ziphantsi kocelomngeni olusemthethweni.

IiKhomishini ezizimeleyo ziphikisana noLawulo loMyalelo

Ngubani ofaka imida enentsingiselo enzulu yokusesikweni. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukugawula okuya kulawulwa liqela elilawulayo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, elidala imfazwe yemfuno. Oku kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni i-gerrymanderng(ukusebenzisana kwangabom kwemigca yesithili ukunyusa inzuzo engaqhelekanga. Ukulwa oku, inani elandayo lemithetho elawulayo liguqukele [[FLT: 0] i-luficificience ii-oces [ iziqum, ezibunjwe ngabemi okanye iingcali ezimiselweyo ezingezo ndawo, ngenjongo yokuzoba neemephulo ezisekelwe kwiimephulo zobundiswano ngaphandle kokungachasana neziphumo. Imizekelo iquka i-Citissessictian Rediciacending kunye ne-Bromes Comssionsbources eUnited States.

Impembelelo yeeDibethi ze-Electores ekukhuthuzeni nasekunyulweni

Ukuyilwa kwezithili ze-operator kusiguqula ngqo isimbo sovoti, ubuchule bokuvota, kunye neziphumo zonyulo. Kwaneenguqu ezincinci kwimigca yemida zingaguqula iimpawu zezobupolitika zesithili, ziguqule ukuba liliphi iqela okanye iqela labemi elinempembelelo.

Igalelo

Izithili ezitsalwa kakuhle ezenza abavoti bazive benxibelelane nabameli babo zinganyusa ukujika. Xa abaxhasi bebona isithili sabo njengendawo edityanisiweyo kunye nezilangazelelo ezabelanayo, basengozini yokuthabatha inxaxheba kunyulo nokuqhagamshelana nommeli wabo. Ngokuchaseneyo, isithili esikhuphiswano sisenokukhuthaza ukurhoxa phezulu kuba lonke uvoti lunokuziva lugqibelel ’ umva, ngelixa isithili esikhuselekileyo (apho iqela elinye lilawula) lingacinezela ukuganana. Ufundo [[FLT: 0] Brenan Center yeJaji yeJaji [FFLT]] ifumene ukuba iggerorderder maphu zinciphisa inani lezihlalo zokhuphiso zokhuphiso, zikhokelela ekurhoxeni kwevoti esezantsi.

Iingenelo Nezifo

I-Greymanindering yeyona nto yaziwayo yolawulo lwesithili. Ithatha iindidi ezimbini ezingundoqo: ukurhwebela kunye nokujija. Uknagxamza i-'[. Abaxhasi beqela basasaza imimandla emininzi ukuze babe yiqela elincinane kwingingqi nganye; bafaka izigxinisi kwimimandla embalwa, bachithe ivoti yabo. Zombini iindlela zivumela iqela ukuba likwazi ukulawula izihlalo ezincinci ezilinganayo. Umzekelo, iqela elizuza ama-5% eevotimentini e-oval ukuba iimedi ezizo zikhuselwe i-medibene. Ityala eliphezulu le-United States linokungaqwalaselwangalamkeli ekungeneni kwe-eviron liyakwazi ukumisela inani elincinci elipheleleyo lokhetho elipheleleyo lokhetho. [kungafunyanisi simo se-Active synerton, umbal.[5]

Iqhinga lokuphumelela nokuhamba kweqhinga

Ukusetyenziswa kwabemi besithili kumisela ukuba ngoobani abaza kusebenza kunye nendlela abaza kuthabatha ngayo iphulo. Kwisithili esineedemokrasi okanye iRepublika, unyulo oluphambili ludla ngokuba lukhuphiswano olukhawulezileyo, olunyanzela abaza kubhena kwisiseko seqela. Kwisithili sokhuphiswano, abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka balinganisele imiyalezo yabo ukuze baphumelele kwi-projecter. Imida yesithili ichaphazela ukuqokelela imali: ukuqokelela imali kwizihlalo ezikhuselekileyo kunganyusa lula ngakumbi, ngelixesha elinocelomngeni kwimimandla ephezulu ejongenemiqamfolo ephezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwemintente ephezulu ebangela iimfazwe ezibiza imali eninzi ezinciphisa inani lamalizwi afanelekileyo.

Umelo oluncinane noluntu olunomdla

Izithili ze-Electoral zinempembelelo enamandla ekumelweni kohlanga, uhlanga, kunye neelwimi ezincinane. Phantsi koMthetho wamaLungelo, amaqela azimeleyo anembali yocalulo kufuneka adale imimandla emininzi ekwimimandla ekufuphi nemimandla ebanzi. Ezi mimandla yenza abantu abambalwa bakwazi ukuchola abathathi-nxaxheba abatsha abatsha abanokukhetha abatsha abatsha abatsha. Noko ke, ukupakisha iincutshe kwisithili enye kunganciphisa impembelelo yabo ngokubandakanye ngokuchitha ivoti enokuthi ngandlelka abanyuli abafana nabakhweli kwimimandla ekufuphi. Uxinezeleko phakathi kokunika abathathi-o abachazayo (amaqela amaqela aneziququququ) kunye nomelo olusuka kwiziphumo ezithe kratya-o olusuka kwimiqatha) lushiye ingxoxo ephakathi kumthetho obomvu. [FLD:Foctivereant-od prolity-od projectivessssssssssss-diation isithilikelight isithium, isithiliket, isithi

Iingxaki NeeNtlalo-ntle Kwisithili Se-Electoring

Kwanaphantsi kwezona zicwangciso zisemthethweni, unyulo lwesithili lujamelana nocelomngeni oluzingisileyo olusongela iingcamango zedemokhrasi.

Ukujija: Ukujija Nokupakisha

Ngaphandle kwemithetho kunye nezigwebo zenkundla, ukuqhuba okuntsonkothileyo kuqhubekeka. Inkqubela eqhubekayo kwicomputer ivumela abalawuli ababomvu ukuba baxelise izigidi zeemaphu kwaye bakhethe leyo yandisa uncedo lobundilele ngexa bebonakala bengoondilele. Le [algorithmic gergermaning yenza kube nzima kwiinkundla ukufumanisa ukuba nayiphi na imaphu inyani izakuthethelelwa ngemiqathango yobundilele. Abaguquli baphikisa ukuba kuphela iinkokeli ezizimeleyo ezinemiqathango ezicacileyo, ezinyanzelekileyo zinokuthintela oku kuphazamiso.

Iingxaki Ezingokwasemthethweni Nemigwebo Yenkundla Ephakamileyo

Ukulungelelanisa amatyala kusoloko kubekwa phantsi. E-United States, umjikelo wobalo lwabantu wama-202020 wabona uninzi lwetyala elichaza ubuhlanga okanye i-gerrymanindering, ukungakhutshelwa kwemithetho yamaLungelo, okanye ukwaphulwa kweZiko lamaLungelo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yama-2019 kwisigqibo . Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sikwavala ngokunempumelelo ucango lwenkundla yenkundla, ukuvala imvume yokurhwebela, ukushukuma kwetyala, ukushukuxa inkundla yemfazwe kwiinkundla zikarhulumente. Ezinye iinkundla zelizwe eziphakamileyo ziye zasibetha phantsi njengeemaphulo-mthetho-siseko, zikhokelele ekuzotyweni kwempikiswano esemthethweni enokulibazisa ukuphisa kunye nokudidelwa kwe-'i-freant. Kumazwe amaqela azimeleyo amajoni amajoni eepolitiki.

Iinguqulelo Zabemi Nokuthunyelwa Kwabantu

Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwamanani abantu kungenza ukuba imimandla engalinganiyo phakathi kobalo lwabantu. Kwimimandla engaphindi i-odolophu ijongene neendawo ezincinane, iindawo zasezidolophini zingaba ngaphantsi kwempembelelo engenakulinganiswa ngeli xesha imimandla yasemaphandleni ifumana impembelelo engalinganiyo. Le ngxaki, eyaziwa ngokuba kukungakhuthuzi, inciphisa umgaqo womntu omnye, ukuvota okukodwa. Umzekelo, uhlolo lomda we-United Kingdom lwenzeka rhoqo kwiminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwelishumi elinesibini, kodwa ukulibazisa okude kubangele ukuhluka-tshintsha okuninzi. Amanye amazwe aseUnited States agunyazisa ukuvuselelwa ngokusemthethweni emva konyulo ngalunye ukuze agcine umlinganiselo, kodwa oku kunqabile.

Uphando Olusemgangathweni

Abavoti abaninzi abayazi indlela imida yesithili echaphazela ngayo ukumelelwa kwabo. Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwamaMelika alunakukwazi ukuchaza isithili sombutho okanye isimo salo. Oku kungazi kwenza kube lula kwezobupolitika ukuba zilawule iimaphu ngaphandle kokuchanabeka koluntu. Iinkqubo zemfundo zeCPICON ezichaza inkqubo yokubomvu kwaye zibalaselise impembelelo yegerrymaning ibalulekile ekunikeni abavoti amandla okufuna iimaphu ezifanelekileyo. Iintlangano ezifana neNgqungquthela yesizwe yeLegistractislatures [

Imbono Yomhlaba Wonke: Indlela Amazwe Ahlukeneyo Aziphatha Ngayo Izithili Ezisehlabathini Lonke

Ngoxa ingcamango esisiseko yesithili esinyulwayo ikwihlabathi lonke, amazwe ayahluka ngokubanzi kwindlela achaza ngayo imida, alungelelanise umlinganiselo wabemi nxamnye nokuzichaza kwasekuhlaleni, aze aqinisekise ukuba kukho umelo olulungileyo.

I-United States

Imida yephondo neyowiso-mthetho yesithili sephondo nesorhulumente itsalwa ziindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente kumazwe amaninzi, nangona inani elandayo lisebenzisa iikhomishini ezizimeleyo. Le nkqubo i-odoli ilingana kakhulu kwaye iyalingana. IMigangatho kufuneka ilingana kakhulu kubemi, kodwa ukudibana kunye noluntu olunenzala akunyanzelekanga ngokungqongqo. UMthetho we-Voting Rights ufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokukhethekileyo kweqela elincinane leentlanga. Isiphumo sinkqubo esoloko ivelisa ikhethe eligqithisileyo kunye nenani eliphezulu leesihlalo ezikhuselekileyo.

I-United Kingdom

I-United Kingdom isebenzisa iikhomishini ezine ezizimeleyo zolawulo (eNgilani, eSkotlani, eWales, naseMntla Ireland) ukutsala ii-continupences zeNdlu yamaQela. Iikhomishini zilandela imithetho yabemi abalinganayo, ukudibanisa, kunye nokuhlonela imida yasekuhlaleni (njengemida kunye namagumbi). IPalamente kufuneka ivume iingcebiso zokugqibela, kodwa ukulahlwa akunqabile. Le nkqubo ingaphantsi kwe-interlix kune-United States, nangona kukho ukugxekwa ngaphantsi kokufunyanwa kwemimandla yasedolophini.

CanadaName

Izithili zokhetho zelizwe laseKhanada, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-asethi, ziphinde zitsalwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi ngeenkomfa ezizimeleyo zemida `ikomiti enye kwiphondo ngalinye, eqatshelwe ngumgwebi kunye namanye amalungu amabini amiselwe ligosa eliyintloko lonyulo. Ikomishini ibamba ityala likawonke-wonke kwaye kufuneka iqwalasele ukulingana kwabemi (ngokunyamezela kwe-12.25% kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga), abantu abanomdla, kunye neempawu zengingqi ethile. Igalelo leparastan alivumelekanga.

I-Jamani

IJamani isebenzisa inkqubo exubeneyo. Eli lizwe lahlulwe laba ziziqithi ezingama-299 ezinamalungu ahlukeneyo, kodwa ulwabelo lokugqibela lwezihlalo kwiBundestag luhlenga-hlengiselwa ngamaqela adweliswe kuludwe ukufumana umelo lolwahlulo kwilizwe lonke. Imida yesithili itsalwa nguMphathi-mikhosi oBuyiselayo, ephantsi kwemiqathango yokulingana kwabemi, ukulingana, ukulingana, kunye nokuhlonela imida yombuso. Ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo wolungelelwaniso wemiqathango yesithili, igerrydering isebenza ngokulinganiselwe kumlinganiselo we-Rhoversel, nangona isenako ukuchaphazela oko kunyulwa abathathi batsha.

Ikamva Lezi Dilike: Ubuxhakaxhaka Notshintsho

Njengoko ubugcisa bokuzoba busiya busiba namandla yaye abantu besiya beqonda, impikiswano engokwenza imimandla ekhethayo iya ikhula.

Ulungiso-gosa Lwemithetho Yomthetho

Amanani ekhompyutha ngoku angenza amawaka eeplani zosithili ngemizuzu, elungelelanisa imilinganiselo efana nokudibanisa, ukulingana kwabemi, okanye ubulungisa obusesikweni. Oku kuvumela abaxhasi kunye nabaxhasi ukubonisa ukuba imaphu ekhethwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho ingumlinganiselo ongaphezulu kakhulu / okungenamkhethe okanye okungaphezulu kakhulu kokunye okunokwenzeka. Iinkundla ziqalile ukwamkela ubungqina obunjalo njengobungqina bokungathathi nxaxheba kwento ngengozi. Noko ke, i-algorimethi zingoonti kuphela njengezifakelo zazo; ukuba iziphumo ngokwazo zichaphazeleka, ziya kuba neziphumo ezicacileyo.

Izindululo Zokutshintsha

Abaxhasi abakhulayo bentshukumo ukwenzela utshintsho lwesakhiwo ukunciphisa impembelelo yokutsalwa komgca wesithili. Ezi ziquka:

  • Ikomishini ezimeleyo yokuhlaziya imimandla enezikhokelo ezicacileyo, ezinyanzelisayo kunye nokuvalwa kogcino-lwazi olufuna ukonakalisa.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Isithili seMulti-lungu sisebenzisa umelo olulungelelanisiweyo okanye ukuvota okucetyiweyo, okunokuthi kuphelise imfuneko yesithili esinamalungu elinye esipheliswa lula.
  • ukuvota okucetyiweyo kunye nokuvota okuzii-all-wintenerice ezibekwe ngokwemiqathango (ivoti eyodwa edluliselweyo) ivumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe amacandelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izihlalo zibonisa ukhetho olupheleleyo kunokuba kugxininiswe kulawulo lwelizwe lwabaxhasi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukunyusela uMthetho wamaLungelo ukucacisa imilinganiselo yesizwe kunye ne-injini.

Amanye amazwe, njenge New Zealand ne Ireland, aye amkela iikhomishini ezizimeleyo zomda kunye nemimandla enamalungu amaninzi ngempumelelo enkulu. Le mifuziselo inika izifundo kwezinye idemokhrasi ezifuna ukuphucula umelo.

Isiphelo

Izithili ze-Electoral azinabundindi bemigca emephini − zizixhobo ezinamandla ezibumba amandla ezobupolitika, ukuvota, kunye nokubaluleka kokumela. Ukuqonda indlela ezizotywa ngayo izithili, imigaqo ekufuneka izikhokele, kunye nokuxhatshazwa okunokwenzeka okuyimfuneko kwingingqi nganye ekwidemokhrasi. Njengokuba ubugcisa butshintsha kunye nokutshintsha kwabemi, imfuneko yokubonisa ngaphaya, imbonakalo entle, kwaye ixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokuhlaziya iya kuba yeyona ingxamisekileyo. U Voter, abafundisi, kunye nabenzi bemithetho kufuneka bahlale belumkile, benyanzelela utshintsho olubeka uluntu kunye nomelo olulinganayo phambi koncedo olunexabiso. Kuphela ngokufuna uncedo lwezikovoti ezifanelekileyo sinokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iivoti ezibalulekileyo.