Ukwakhiwa Kolawulo Lwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha LwaseMerika

Isiqalo somGaqo-siseko waseUnited States singaphezulu kakhulu kunesiqalo somGaqo-siseko sobuNtokhwe okanye isiphengululi soncedo lwempendulo. Lilitye lentanda-bulumko elihlala kulo lonke isakhiwo solawulo lwamaMelika. La magama angamashumi amahlanu anesibini amisela isiseko sokuziphatha esichaza kungekuphela nje oko urhulumente, kodwa oko kufuneka abe kuko. Ukuqonda isalathisi esiphilayo sekhampasi esesikweni kunokuba ingqini ecacileyo yembali ivumela abemi neenkokeli ukuba balinganise inkqubela enxamnye nemilinganiselo yalo lizwe. IPregatoring ayiyinikeli igunya; ayiyichazi nje kuphela. Ayichazi injongo yayo. Ngale ngqiqo, iPregatoringthsss isebenza njengenkwenkwezi yomntla nengumnqophiso womthetho wezomthetho ohlala uhleli phakathi kwabantu norhulumente babo.

Ukubekwa koMgaqo-siseko ekuqaleni kubonisa ukubaluleka kwawo okusisiseko. Abaqulunqi baqonda ukuba amanqaku athile kunye namabinzana alandelayo ayakufuneka achazwe kwaye asetyenziswe ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wokuziphatha. Ngaphandle komGaqo-siseko, umGaqo-siseko ubunokuba sengozini yokuba yisivumelwano esisemthethweni kunokuba ibe yintsebenziswano enxulumeneyo namaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo iqaphele ixesha elide ukuba iPrequoting, ngexa inganiki mandla angaphantsi kweyawo ngokwawo, inika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo emoyeni nakwinjongo yoxwebhu njengendawo epheleleyo. Njengoko iJajini enguMnumza ephawulweyo kwi [FLT:] [FLT] [1] MCULLLLK]. [FFFF: FLT][FFF:[FF] [3], umGawula-siseko wesixhobo sikarhulumente kufuneka siqwalathiwe.

Ubunzima bokuziphatha besiqalo sengcaciso esekelwe ebantwini ngokwabo. Ngokuvula nge "Thina bantu," abaququzeleli benza isindululo esingqongqo: urhulumente osemthethweni ufumana igunya lakhe ngokuvunyelwa yimithetho elawulwayo, hayi ngelungelo lobuthixo okanye lemfuza. Eli binzana linye limisela umgaqo wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha oza kubumba ubume bezobupolitika baseMerika kangangeenkulungwane. Yavakalisa ukuba urhulumente ukho ukukhonza abantu, hayi indlela ejikelezayo. Oku kuphenjelelwa kwegunya kumela enye yezona nkqubela zibalulekileyo zezokuziphatha okuhle kwezobupolitika, kwaye iyaqhubeka ikhuthaza ukuxambulisana ngemeko efanelekileyo nenjongo yezenzo zikarhulumente.

Injongo Yentshayelelo: Isiphelo Sesizwe Esineenjongo Zobugcisa

Isiqalo sisebenza iinjongo ezintandathu ezahlukileyo kodwa ezidityanisiweyo, nganye imela ukuzinikela kokuziphatha okuhle okufanayo okuyilwe ngumGaqo-siseko. Ezi njongo ziquka ukwakha iManyano egqibeleleyo, ukuseka iJaji, ukuqinisekisa ukulandelelana kwezezentlalo-ntle yasekhaya, ukulungiselela ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo, ukukhuthaza iNtlalo-ntle, nokukhusela iiNkcukamo zeNkululeko. Zonke, zisenza umbono opheleleyo woko kujongwa kolawulo olulungileyo. Abalawuli abakhange bazibeke phantsi kwezi njongo zifanelekileyo; bacwangcisa ngolandelelwano olubonisa ukuqhubekeka okuqhelekileyo kwebutho lezobupolitika. Imanyano mayize ize ifike phambi kobulungisa, ngenxa yokuba kungekho manyano olulungele ukusetyenziswa komthetho. Ubulungisa kufuneka luqale lube sesikweni, ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lunyuselwe, ngenxa yokuba ukhuseleko lumele lukhuselwe kwintlalo lwempumelelo. Yaye kufuneka lukhuselwe ukhuseleko lwexesha elizayo, ngenxa yokuba lungamele luqhubeke ukusetyenziswa kwenkululeko ngenxa yokuba kungenelo lwezopolitiko.

Intsingiselo yokuziphatha ephezulu kwezi njongo ayinakuchazwa ngokugqithisileyo. Zimela ukuzinikela okudibeneyo ekuveliseni okulungileyo okuqhelekileyo, ukuqondwa kokuba umntu ngamnye ophumelelayo uxhomekeke kwimpilo yebutho lezobupolitika njenge liphela. UGqrhwaphiso luyayicha ingcamango yokuba urhulumente ukho nje ukukhusela iinjongo zobuqu okanye ukunyanzelisa izivumelwano. Endaweni yoko, iquka umbono wokulawula njengeshishini elifanelekileyo lokuziphatha okuhle elijoliswe ekudaleni iimeko apho abantu banokuhlala kunye ngesidima, ukhuseleko, nenkululeko. Lo mbono utsala isithethe esityebileyo sentandabulumko yezobupolitika, kuquka imibhalo kaJohn Locke, Montesquieu, kunye nezinkcolotensity abaphembeleli abaphembele abanolwazi olufanelekileyo. Kodwa uPregegear ayingoluyilwanga phantsi kwezopolitiki.

Ngamanye amaxesha abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi ulwimi lwasekuqaleni alucacanga kakhulu ukuba lunganika ukhokelo olubalulekileyo. Baphikisa ngelithi amagama afana "nobulungisa" kunye "nobulunga bentlalo-ntle" zizitya ezingenanto ezinokugcwaliswa ngomxholo okhethwa ngutoliko. Oku kugxeka kuqonda ubume bemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko. Abaxhasi basebenzisa iilwimi ezibanzi ngabom ukuvumela utshintsho lokuziphatha ngethuba elithile. Imithetho yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo ayithethanga into enye njengobulungisa kwinkulungwane yokuqala, kwaye isalathathi isivakalisi solwimi. Ikhampasi yokuziphatha ayinikezi miyalelo echaphazelekayo kwisiphelo ngasinye. Endaweni yoko, inika utshintsho olucacileyo kwimilinganiselo ethile engundoqo okanye ukuxhasa ezinye iintlanga.

Ibinzana Eliyintloko Nentsingiselo Yalo Yokuziphatha

Amandla esiqalo axhomekeke kubunzima obunyusiweyo bamabinzana akhethwe ngocoselelo. Iqela ngalinye lamagama linentsingiselo yokuziphatha egqithiseleyo ngaphezu kwentsingiselo yalo engaphezulu. Ukuhlolisisa la mabinzana ngokweenkcukacha kutyhila ubunzulu bombono wokuziphatha kwamalungu omzimba kunye nokubaluleka okuqhubekayo kozibopho zawo.

"Thina bantu"

Mhlawumbi oku kungumphumo omkhulu wamagama amathathu kwimbali yezobupolitika yaseMelika. Ngokuqala nge "Thina bantu," abalawuli bamisela ulawulo olubanzi njengomgaqo wesiseko sokuziphatha womGaqo-siseko. Urhulumente akaphili ukuze kungenelwe ukumkani, umlawuli, okanye udidi olulawulayo. Lukho ngenxa yabantu bonke. Lo mgaqo uquka imilinganiselo yokuziphatha enzulu. Ithetha ukuba wonke umntu ophantsi kwegunya likarhulumente unelungelo lokuqwalasela nokuhlonelana. Kuthetha ukuba urhulumente uxhomekeke kubuchule bakhe bokukhusela ulawulo olulawulwa yinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Yaye uthetha ukuba abantu ngokwabo bamele imbopheleleko enyanisweni yorhulumente. Isalathathwini lwesalathatho lwe-preggzinglee. Isalatha kwikhompasi kwiinkalo ezimbini: ukunyanisa abantu abafuna ukuphatha abantu ngoxanduva, kodwa baxhomekeke kumsebenzi wabo wokuziphendulelathisa kumsebenzi wabo.

Ibinzana elithi "Thina bantu" lamisela ukubonakala kwesizwe esigqitha imida yombuso. Phambi komGaqo-siseko, iManqaku oMgaqo-siseko adala umanyano lwamazwe olawulo adityaniswe kunye norhulumente ophakathi obuthathaka. IPregagedge yavakalisa ukuba umGaqo-siseko omtsha uza kudala uluntu olunye lwezobupolitika olunikwe amandla okusebenza ngqo kubantu ngabanye. Oku kushenxiswa kwesivumelwano samazwe kumazwe asisigxina kwakungumthetho olungileyo kunye notshintsho lwezobupolitika. Kwabonisa inkolelo yokuba abantu baseMerika babenesiphelo esifanayo kunye nomthwalo omnye wentlalo yomnye. Ngoko umbono wokuziphatha komntu ungowona mquququzeleli-ntle, njengokuba ugcina isithuba senkululeko nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye.

"Ubulungisa belizwe lakwaSirayeli"

Ubulungisa lusukelo lokuqala olusezantsi lomthetho olunophawu, kwaye ukubekwa kwawo kubalulekile. Abaqulunqi baqonda ukuba ngaphandle kobulungisa, akukho sukelo lunokuphunyezwa. Okusesikweni sisiseko apho ulawulo olusemthethweni luhlala khona. Uzibopho lukaPreginging kubulungisa luquka zombini imilinganiselo esesikweni nesezantsi. Ukulandela okusesikweni kufuna imithetho esesikweni, iinkundla ezingakhethiyo, kunye nokuphathwa ngendlela efanayo phambi komthetho. Okusesikweni okusezantsi kufuna ukuba iziphumo zenkqubo esemthethweni zihambelane nemigaqo yokuziphatha esesikweni nengatshintshiyo. Umthetho awuchazi manani achaza okusesikweni ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa umisela ukulandela okusesikweni njengenkqubo efunekayo engomthetho wonke olawulayo.

Intsingiselo yokuziphatha yalo mmiselo ibisoloko icacile ukutyhubela imbali yaseMerika. Umzabalazo wamalungelo abantu, amalungelo abasebenzi, kunye nokulingana kwamabhinqa kuye kwaba, engundoqo, umzabalazo wokuqonda isithembiso somthetho esinguQaqo-siseko. Isizukulwana ngasinye siye sabizwa ukuba sandise isangqa sabo baqukwe kuluntu olunomthetho osemthethweni osemthethweni. Imithetho yamaLungelo esemthethweni ka1965, iVogal Rights Act ka-1965, kunye nezigqibo zenkundla ezingenakubalwaluko ezichaza ukhuseleko olulinganayo lweMithetho-siseko zonke zimela imigudu yokuzalisekisa umbono wezokuziphatha kaPregailgency. Ngokutsho kwesi sizathu, asiyo inkqubo emiselweyo kodwa iqhubekekayo yenkqubela yokuziphatha nengoko esemthethweni. IPregailgency iqinisekisa uhlanga ukuba luqhubeke, xa kunzima, lubiza imali, okanye lunempikiswano kwezobupolitika.

"Indlela yokuzikhusela yasekhaya"

Injongo yokuthomalalisa ibonakalisa inkxalabo enzulu yabasebenzi bezolo yasekhaya ngocwangco lwentlalo kunye nozinzo lwezobupolitika. Iminyaka ephakathi kweNguquko neNdibano yezomGaqo-siseko iphawulwe kukudodobala kwezoqoqosho, amatyala, kunye nemvukelo exhobileyo efana neShays's Region. Abaxhasi baqonda ukuba inkululeko ayinakuchuma kwimeko ephithizelayo kunye nogonyamelo. Uxolo lwasekhaya lulungile kuba ludala iimeko apho abantu kunye noluntu lungasukela izinjongo zabo ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphazamiseka okanye ingcinezelo.

Kodwa ukuzinikela koQaphalo lokuthomalalisa akuthethi ukucinezelwa kocalulo okanye ugcino lwemeko ekhoyo kuzo zonke iindleko. Uxolo lokwenyaniso asikokungabikho kwengxabano kodwa bubukho benkqubo yoxolo yokucombulula iingxabano. Umbono wokuziphatha weSihloko uthe thaba apho uluntu luye lwafumana iingxoxo ngenkqubo zedemokhrasi, iinkqubo zomthetho, kunye nokuqhatha koxolo, kunokuba kusetyenziswe ngogonyamelo, usoyikiso, okanye ulawulo olungqongqo. Ukungenelela urhulumente ngokuxolelwa koxolo, ukucela izikhalazo, nokuthetha ngomntu okuko konke oku kuthethwa ngulo mbono. Ubutofotofo, ukuqondwa kakuhle, kuhambisana nengxoxo entle yasekuhlaleni, kwanokuba nolwaphulo-mthetho, ixesha elide njengoko kuhlala kuhleli kwimidalelo lwezonobubugwalalgosa.

"Iprojekthi yokhuselo oluqhelekileyo"

Ukuzibophelela kwinkuselo eqhelekileyo kuyaqonda ukuba ukhuseleko lwesizwe luxanduva olwabelweneyo kwaye lulungele uluntu lonke. Akukho mntu okanye rhulumente onokuzikhusela yedwa kwiingozi zamanye amazwe. Amandla okuphakamisa imikhosi, ukugcina imikhosi yamanzi, nokuqhuba inkqubo yangaphandle kufuneka abekwe kurhulumente wesizwe kuba ukhuseleko luyishishini elinye. Intsingiselo yokuziphatha yalo msebenzi ixhomekeke ekuqondeni ukuba ukhuseleko lobuqu lusukelo olufanelekileyo noluyimfuneko lwebutho labantu bezobupolitika. Urhulumente ongenakukwazi ukukhusela abantu bakhe kwizinto ezisongelayo ngaphandle kwelizwe usukelo olungundoqo.

Noko ke, ulwimi lwesiqalo lukwathetha imida ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla emfazwe. I-state kufuneka ibe yeyobufanawuphi , ithetha ukuba kufuneka incede izilangazelelo zohlanga lonke kunokuba idibene neqela elithile okanye iqela lenzala. Umkhosi ukho ukukhusela abantu, hayi ukubalawula. Abaxhasi babekrokrela kakhulu ekumeni imikhosi kwaye befuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla emikhosi ahlala engaphantsi kolawulo lwaburhulumente nemida yesiseko.

ISebe libonise ukuba i-CPF i-

Ibinzana "intlalo-ntle" ibingumbandela wengxoxo ebanzi yomgaqo-siseko. Abanye baye baphikisa ngelithi iBhunga linika igunya elibanzi lokuchitha imali nangayiphi na injongo enceda uhlanga lonke, ngoxa abanye benyanzelisa ukuba lisikelwe umda ibinzana elilawula amandla karhulumente kwimicimbi yenkxalabo yokwenene yesizwe. Nakanjani na kwiimpikiswano ezicaciswayo, intsingiselo yokuziphatha yala binzana icacile: urhulumente ukho ukukhuthaza intlalo entle yabantu njengeqela, hayi ukukhusela nje izilangazelelo zobuqu okanye izivumelwano ezinyanzelisayo.

Igalelo eliqhelekileyo lentlalo-ntle liquka imbopheleleko yokuxhasa intlalo-ntle eqhelekileyo eye yabangela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yezentlalo yaseMerika iqhubeke ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zeli phondo. Abasebenzi baqonda ukuba ukuchuma kwabantu kuxhomekeke kwimpilo-ntle yoluntu njengeli liphela. Isizwe esiphawulwe ngobuhlwempu obugqithisileyo, izifo ezisasazekileyo, okanye ukuswela imfundo ayinakuthethwa ukuba ikhuthaza ukuphuhlisa intlalo-ntle jikelele. Ngoko umbono wokuziphatha kaPregegqalise uxhasa ukuveliswa kwemiqathango kwisiseko, imfundo, impilo kawonke, kunye neenkqubo ze-inshorensilensi ezinceda abantu bonke. Ayiyaleli nayiphi inkqubo ethile ekhoyo, kodwa ikhuthaza ukukhuthazwa kobugqwele-ntlalo-ntle njengenjongo yomthetho-mthetho.

Zigcineleni Iintsikelelo Zenkululeko Nesiko Lethu

Usukelo lokugqibela lwesahlo lubhekiselele kwinkululeko, ejongwa ngabasebenzi befreyitha njengenjongo epheleleyo karhulumente. Inkululeko ayigunyaziswanga ukwenza nantoni na ayifunayo; yinkululeko yokuphila ngokwemilinganiselo nokhetho lukabani, iphantsi kwemiqathango efunekayo kuphela ekukhuseleni inkululeko elinganayo yabanye. IPreggedge ichaza oku ngokuthetha ngo "ongenamdla" wenkululeko, icebisa ukuba inkululeko ayilo ilungelo nje kodwa iluncedo olunomvuzo olunika uluntu kwaye yenza uluntu luxabiseke.

Imbekiselo "yokungalandeli" ibaluleke kakhulu. Abalawuli baziqonda njengamagosa elifa eliza kudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Umbono wemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yesiqalo uphakathi: iyaqonda ukuba umsebenzi wokulondoloza inkululeko awusoze ugqitywe kwaye isizukulwana ngasinye sinembopheleleko yokudlulisela iintsikelelo zenkululeko kumalandela aso. Olu dinga luneziphumo ezinzulu zokulawula kwangoku. Kuthetha ukuba izigqibo zenkqubo emifutshane kufuneka zicaciswe ngokukhanyiselwa ngeziphumo zexesha elide zempilo yomgaqo-siseko. Kuthetha ukuba uhlanga lunembopheleleko yokulondoloza ukulondolo lwemekobume, ezoqoqosho, kunye neemeko zezobupolitika ezinokukhula phantsi kwenkululeko yezizukulwana ezingakazalwanga.

Isiqalo Sokuqhelisela Ukuziphatha

Imigaqo yeSihloko asiyonjongo yobuxoki; ineziphumo zokwenene ngendlela enokwenziwa ngayo imithetho, etolikwayo, kunye nenyanzelo. Ingcaciso ichaza indlela iinkundla eziyiqonda ngayo isiseko somGaqo-siseko, kwanaxa zingaxhomekekanga ngqo kulwimi lwazo njengomthombo womthetho. Ibumba indlela abamisi-mthetho abacinga ngayo ngeenjongo zomgaqo-siseko. Yaye inika umgangatho abahlali abanokuvavanya ngayo ukusebenza korhulumente wabo.

Ngokwendlela esetyenziswayo, ukhokelo lokuziphatha olukwimigangatho emininzi. Kumgangatho osisiseko, lumisa ukufaneleka kwesenzo sikarhulumente. Imithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo enokuthi idibane ngokuphandle neenjongo zoMxholo iyasebenza; leyo engenakuvuleka ukuba ithandabuzeke. Kumgangatho onzulu, iSihlomelo sinika isiseko sokuxolelana kwamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Xa iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nemfuno zenkululeko, isakhiwo soMgaqo-siseko sicebisa ukuba zombini mazithatyathwe nzulu kwaye ukusabela okufanelekileyo akumele kukhethwe omnye phezu komnye kodwa ukufumana umlinganiselo osebenza kakuhle. UPregatorie akaso alusombululi iziphelo ezinjalo ezikhoyo ngaphambili, kodwa uqinisekisa ukuba zibhekiswe kumaxabiso okuziphatha okuhle.

Kwakhona isiqalo sisebenza njengomthombo womnqweno womgaqo-siseko. Ichaza iinjongo ezinokuthi uhlanga lungazenzi ngokupheleleyo kodwa luqhubeke luzisukela. Lo mgaqo-siseko ubalulekileyo kwigunya lokuziphatha komGaqo-siseko. UmGaqo-siseko ochaza nje amalungiselelo akhoyo ubukho ubungayi kunikela siseko sokugxeka okungekho sikweni okanye ukunyanzelisa utshintsho. Kodwa umGaqo-siseko ochaza iinjongo zobulungisa, ubuqaqaqa, ubuqaqam, intlalo, intlalo-ntle, kunye nenkululeko unika umlinganiso ochasene nemithetho ekhoyo kunye nemigaqo elinganiswayo. Umsantsaba phakathi kweminqweno yePregedu nobomi bohlanga awusoluphawu lokusilela kodwa utshintsho oluqhubekayo. Ikhampala yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha enxulumene nendawo ekungasoze kufikelelwe kuyo, kodwa uhambo ngokwalo lusebenza ngokwalo.

Imizekelo Engokwembali Yokhokelo Lokuziphatha Lwesiqalo

Impembelelo yesandulela ingabonwa kuyo yonke imbali yeMelika kwimibutho nezigqibo eziye zathatyathwa kwimigaqo yayo yokuthethelela utshintsho. Umbutho wokuphelisa ulawulo wenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba wacela ukuzinikela kweNtloko kubulungisa nenkululeko yokuphikisa ukuba ubukhoboka babungahambelani nombono woMgaqo-siseko wokuziphatha. UFred Douglass waphikisa ngokudumileyo ukuba umGaqo-siseko, wawuluxwebhu oluchasana nobukhoboka ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yemigaqo echaziwe ekuqaliseni kwayo. Ngoxa iNkundla ePhakamileyo yayikwala le mpikiswano [FLT] [FLT] isigqibo esidumileyo] .[FLT] [FLT] [FLT], amandla okuziphatha okuzinzisayo oluthethwayo lolwimi lwasePreggypt] zenza anceda ukuxhasa kombutho wamashumi eminyaka amashumi eminyaka amashumi amashumi eenjiweyo nokulwayo.[alisayo.[a akwa kwemithetho ekwa.

IPolitiki Rights Movement yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngokufanayo yasebenzisa umbono wokuziphatha owenziwe kuqala. Iintetho neencwadi zikaMartin Luther King Jr. zizaliswe zizibheno kwizithembiso zomGaqo-siseko zokusesikweni nenkululeko. Kwintetho yakhe "Ndinephupha", uKumkani wabiza uhlanga ukuba luphile ngokwentsingiselo yokwenyaniso yesivumo sokholo, inkolelo yokuba bonke abantu badalwe belingana. Oku kwakusisibongozo kwigunya lokuziphatha loMgaqo-siseko, ukunyanzelisa ukuba uhlanga lumele luluhlonele ummiselo walo owenziwa kuxwebhu lwalo. Umthetho wamaLuhlanga wamaLungelo ka1964 kunye noMthetho wamaLungelo ka-656 wamkelekile ukusabela ngokusemthethweni, ukuzama ukuzisa imithetho yesizwe kulungeleneyo ngokombono wenkululeko nenkululeko.

INew Deal inika omnye umzekelo wempembelelo esebenzisekayo. UMongameli Franklin Roosevelt wacela igalelo jikelele lentlalo-ntle ukuthethelela iinkqubo zephondo elipheleleyo elilungiselelwe ukuphakamisa uhlanga ekuncipheni okukhulu. INkundla ePhakamileyo yaqala yazichasa ezi migudu, kodwa ingxaki yezomGaqo-siseko yee-1930 ekugqibeleni yakhokelela ekuqondeni okubanzi kwamandla karhulumente phantsi komgaqo-siseko wentlalo-ntle jikelele. Umthetho weNtlalo-ntle, uMthetho weNational Laborrences, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-New Decrec zazigwetyelwe njengokusetyenziswa kwamandla eBhunga intlalo-ntle yoluntu jikelele. Ngoxa ingxoxo yomgaqo-siseko u-siseko uNgqozo zomthetho uNxuluko lwesizwe uLuntu, ukwandisa indima karhulumente ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lwezentlalo lwezoqoqosho kunye noluntu kulwimi olusoloko lulindelwe lujongile.

Isiqalo kuLawulo lwaseMerika lwangexesha langaphambili

Ukubaluleka kweNgcaso yoNgqomo kudlulela ngaphaya kwemizekelo engokwembali. Kulawulo lwamaMelika lwangoku, iNgxelo iyaqhubeka inika ukhokelo lwendlela yokuziphatha yokusingatha iingxaki zenkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesithathu. Ukuphikisana ngokufuduka, ukunyamekela impilo-ntle, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukhuseleko lohlanga, nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho konke kudibanisa amaxabiso okuchanekileyo. Umbuzo wokulungisa inkqubo yokufuduka, umzekelo, ufuna ukulinganisela iimfuno zobulungisa, uxolo, nentlalo-ntle jikelele. Umbuzo wendlela yokulungisa imozulu ubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo, intlalo-ntle, neentsikelelo zenkululeko yebhunganikezi iimpendulo ezingqalileyo kule mibuzo, kodwa uqinisekisa ukuba babuze kwiimeko ezilungileyo.

Kwakhona igalelo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yoluntu nesizwe. Abantwana besikolo kulo lonke ilizwe bawacengceleza amazwi eSihlomelo, befunda kwasebuntwaneni ukuba umGaqo-siseko awuloxwebhu nje olusemthethweni kodwa uyingxelo yemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Ingcaciso ivela kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, kwiinkundla zenkundla, nakumaphepha asemthethweni njengesikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo semigaqo emanyanisa uhlanga. Kwixesha lokwahlula-hlula ngokwezobupolitika kunye neyantlukwano yenkcubeko, ulwimi loMgaqo-siseko lunika amagama aqhelekileyo okuxubusha injongo karhulumente kunye neemfuno zobumi bobumi. Ikhumbuza amaMerika ukuba nangona engavumelani, ayabelana kubulungisa, ubuxole, ukukhusela, intlalo, intlalo, intlalo nenkululeko.

Ikhampasi yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ibaluleke kakhulu ngamaxesha obunzima. Xa ilizwe lijamelene nemfazwe, uxinezeleko lwezoqoqosho, intlekele yemvelo, okanye ungxamiseko lwempilo kawonke-wonke, isaziso sinika ukhokelo lwendlela urhulumente amele aphendule ngayo. Ukuzimisela ukuthethelela umkhosi omnye xa kuyimfuneko ukukhusela uhlanga. Ukuzimisela ukukhuthaza intlalo-ntle-ntle karhulumente jikelele kuthethelela ukungenelela urhulumente ukuphelisa ukubandezeleka nokubuyisela uzinzo lwezoqoqosho. Ukuzimisela ukukhusela iintsikelelo zenkululeko eziqinisekisa ukuba kwanakumaxesha obunzima, urhulumente kufuneka ahlonele amalungelo asisiseko kwaye agcine iinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Ngalo ndlela urhulumente usebenza njenge-ankile yomgaqo-siseko, uthintela urhulumente ekuphethulweni kwemithetho okanye ekulahleni iimbopheleleko zakhe zokuziphatha.

Imida Yokhokelo Lokuziphatha Oluphambili

Ngeli xesha isiqalo sinika ukhokelo olubalulekileyo lwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, asiyoncwadi yemigaqo echanekileyo. Ulwimi lwaso luzizondlomela, lushiya igumbi lokucinga ngedemokhrasi kunye notoliko lomgaqo-siseko. Oku kubhexeza kunamandla kunokuba kube bubuthathaka, kuvumela umGaqo-siseko ukulungelelanisa iimeko ezitshintshayo ngaphandle kokufuna ulungiso olusesikweni. Kodwa kwakhona kuthetha ukuba isalatha mbombo sokuziphatha kufuneka songezelelwe ngeminye intsingiselo yesiseko, kuquka umbhalo womGaqo-siseko ngokwawo, imbali yokutolika kwawo, kunye nengxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente nabantu.

Abagxeki baphawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuba intetho ephakamileyo yale ntetho isoloko ibheniswa ukuthethelela izenzo ezisilela kwiinjongo zayo. Imbali yelizwe iquka imizekelo emininzi yokungekho sikweni, ingcinezelo, kunye nogonyamelo oluphikisana nombono wokuziphatha wesiqalo. Ukushenxiswa nokutshatyalaliswa kohlanga lwamaMelika amancinane, ubukhoboka bama-Afrika, ukudibana kwamaJaphani ase-Merika ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II, kunye nezinye izahluko ezininzi ezimnyama kwimbali yaseMelika zibonisa umsantsa phakathi komgaqo-siseko kunye nento eyinyaniso yezobupolitika. Ikhampasi yokuziphatha ayinakuthintela ngokwayo ukungaphumeleli okunjalo. Noko ke, inika iziqinisekiso zokuwagxeka nokuphefumlela ukuba asebenze oko.

Isiphelo

Isiqalo somGaqo-siseko waseUnited States siseyisalathisi sokuziphatha esibalulekileyo kulawulo lwaseMerika. Amagama aso angamashumi amahlanu anesibini acacisa umbono woluntu lwezobupolitika oluqhubeka lukhokela imithetho, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nezindululo. Ukuzimisela ukwenza iManyano egqibeleleyo, ukuseka uBulunga, ukuqinisekisa ukuba luncedo lwasekhaya, ukulungiselela ukukhusela okuqhelekileyo, nokukhusela iintsikelelo zeNtlalo ephezulu, nokukhusela iLikhulu kumisa inkqubo yokuvavanya umsebenzi karhulumente nokugcina uhlanga lunetyala kwiinjongo zalo eziphezulu.

Igunya lokuziphatha lokuqalisa lisuka kwimvelaphi yalo kubantu kunye nobuchule babo benjongo ezingaphaya kolawulo oluthile, umbutho, okanye inkqubo. Ikhumbuza amaMerika ukuba urhulumente akasosiphelo ngokwawo kodwa indlela yokufikelela izinto abantu abangenakuzifikelela bodwa. Inyanzelisa ukuba inkululeko nolungelelwano, okusesikweni nokhuseleko, intlalo-ntle nokhuseleko azikhuphi amaxabiso aphikisanayo kodwa alungelelanisayo uluntu lwezopolitiko olulungeleleneyo. Yaye ifuna ukuba isizukulwana ngasinye sithabathe umsebenzi wokugcina nokunyusa iintsikelelo zenkululeko kwabo baza kulandela.

Ekupheleni, isiqalo sikhuthaza ubunzulu bokuziphatha komntu wonke. Iyayichasa ingcamango yokuba ezobupolitika zikukukhuphiswano nje lwamandla okanye indlela yokusasaza iinzuzo. Inyanzelisa ukuba ukulawula kungumsebenzi wokuziphatha, lowo ufuna umgwebo, uphawu, kunye nenzaliseko kwizinto eziqhelekileyo. ISihlomelo asiqiniseki ukuba uhlanga luza kuphila ngokweenjongo zalo, kodwa siqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zihlale zihleli njengomlinganiselo womgwebo nomthombo wethemba. [Izikomkhululo lombuso, [F] [2] [F3], inikeza ikhampasi ekhompasi ebhekisa kwimithetho esesikweni, isiseko sokucalula isimo sesizwe, kunye nesimezo zihlala zihleli zisenza isimemo sokufumana umsebenzi ogqibeleleyo. [[5] [5] [5], kunye nezizathu ezikhoyo ze-Espointlawulo lwe-Espointsting [F] [5] [5], kunye ne-Asterown, izicwangciso se-mali ze-Espowes], i-option, i-operation, i-operation, i