Ukuqonda Ulawulo Nolawulo

Ulawulo luyinxalenye esisiseko yalo naliphi na ibutho labantu, ibumba elilawulayo, izigqibo zenziwa, kwaye kunikwa izibonelelo. Phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zolawulo, ulawulo lolawulo lookumkani lumi njengenye yeenkqubo ezindala nezihlala zihleli. Nangona kunjalo ukunwenwa kwedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke kwixesha langoku, ii-monarchy ziyaqhubeka zikho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngaphaya kwamazwe angamashumi amane, ziphembelela ezopolitiko, inkcubeko, kunye nokuzichaza. Eli nqaku linika ukuvavanya okuqhubekayo kolawulo lobukumkani: intsingiselo yabo, indaleko, iindidiadi ezingundoqo, ukuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo zolawulo, iingenelo, iinzuzo, kunye nendima yazo kwihlabathi elikhoyo. Ukuba ufunda inzululwazi yezopolitiki, ulungiselela ingxoxo, okanye ungxamiseko ngendlela yokulungiselela ulungelelwa, okanye nje ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ukulawulwa kwebutho, eli cebo elinegunya elinamandla elinegunya eliphakamileyo ehlabathini lonke.

Ichaza i-amosty – Iingcinga zoMsebenzi neempawu

Ulawulo lolawulo lokumkani luluhlobo lolawulo apho igunya eliphakamileyo linikwe umntu omnye, obizwa ngokuba ngukumkani. Le ndawo idla ngokuzalwa, idluliselwe kumalungu entsapho yasebukhosini ngokwemithetho emiselweyo yokulandelelana. Noko ke, ulawulo lookumkani asiyonkqubo yolawulo olunye; iyahluka-hluka kakhulu ngokwezomandla okwenene ookumkani, isiseko somthetho esilawula indima, kunye nolwalamano phakathi kwesithsaba namanye amasebe orhulumente. Iimpawu ezingundoqo ezichaza ulawulo lokumkani luquka:

  • Impumelelo epheleleyo: Inkoliso yemikhosi yobukumkani ilandela ukudluliswa komnombo wamandla, isoloko ikhetha iprimogenito (umntwana omdala okanye unyana udla ilifa letrone). Ezinye iinkqubo zithathe i-primogenetuture elinganayo, ivumela umntwana omdala nokuba ungowabufana ukuba aphumelele.
  • uBulawuli: ngokwembali, ukumkani wayethathwa njengomthombo opheleleyo wegunya lezobupolitika, ngokufuthi efumana igunya elivela kwisithethe sikaThixo okanye esimileyo. Kwimibutho yolawulo lookumkani, ulawulo lwabelana okanye ludluliselwa kumaqumrhu anyuliweyo.
  • I-Ceremonial kunye nendima yomfuziselo: naxa amandla okwenene ezobupolitika elinganiselwe, ukumkani usoloko esebenza njengentloko yesithethe yombuso, emela umanyano lwesizwe kunye nokuqhubekeka kwembali.
  • Ubomi obude: Ngaphandle kwamatyala anqabileyo okugwetywa, ukumkani usebenza ubomi, unika uzinzo lwexesha elide xa kuthelekiswa neenkokeli ezinyuliweyo ezineenjongo ezizinzileyo.

Ingcamango yemonarchy yaziimvelaphi ezinzulu kwimpucuko yabantu, ivela ngokwayo kwizithethe zamandulo ukusuka kwiYiputa ukuya kwiYurophu yamaxesha aphakathi, ukusuka kwiMpuma Asia ukuya kwi-Sharan Afrika esezantsi. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zingundoqo kunceda ukuqwalasela indlela ezisebenza ngayo imonarchy emhlabeni jikelele.

Indaleko Yembali

Imvelaphi Yamandulo Nobukumkani Obungokobuthixo

Iikumkani zokuqala zavela kwiMpuma Ekufuphi yamandulo, apho abalawuli abafana noofaro baseYiputa babegqalwa njengoothixo abaphilayo okanye abameli phakathi kommandla ongokobuthixo nowenyama. Ingcamango efanayo yavela eMesopotamia, kwiNtlambo iIndus, nakwimikhosi yamaTshayina yamandulo. Aba kumkani babalaseleyo babelawula unqulo, umkhosi, negunya elisemthethweni, ngokufuthi besebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhulu kunye neengxelo ezibhaliweyo ukuze baqinisekise ulawulo lwabo. Ingcamango yokuba uThixo wayenelungelo lookumkani yaqalisa ukulawulwa ngumthetho iYurophu yamaxesha aphakathi apho ookumkani babesithi igunya labo lalivela ngqo kuThixo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba imvukelo idele.

Ubufazi Neemonarchy Zamandulo

Kumaxesha aphakathi, amagunya ookumkani eYurophu aguquka phakathi kwenkqubo zolawulo lwaseYurophu ezahlula igunya phakathi kwabaphezulu, abefundisi, kunye nesithsaba. Abalawuli babedla ngokubona ukunyuka kwemibutho yepalamente, njengePalamente yaseNgilani neyamaFrentshi, eyathi yacebisa ookumkani kwaye yanika irhafu. Ukudlala phakathi komrhumo nodumo lwamaqonga kamva kwamisela umgaqo wokuba umlawuli ulawule.

Ukungathethi Ngeengxaki Zako

Kwinkulungwane yokuqala yemihla yethu (16th-18) yakubona ukuvela kolawulo lookumkani belizwe elipheleleyo eYurophu, eyachazwa nguLouis XIV waseFransi, owathi wabumba iSigodlo saseVersailles waza wasakha njengesibonakaliso solawulo lobukumkani. Ookumkani abapheleleyo bazama ukulawula zonke iinkalo zikarhulumente kunye nebutho labantu, ngokufuthi ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lobubhinali kunye nemikhosi emileyo. Noko ke, ukukhanyiselwa kweNqanda kwazisa iingxaki zentandabulumko kwiingcungela ezifana noJohn Locke kunye noMontesquieu, owaxhasa ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kunye namalungelo emvelo. Imvukelo yaseMerika (1776) kunye neNguqulo yaseFransi (189) yabhukuda ulawulo lwezikumkani kumazwe awo ahlukeneyo, imisela utshintsho oluphembeleleyo lwezopolitiko.

Ukuguqukela ngokuhambelana nolawulo lomGaqo-siseko

Kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-19 kunye neye-20, ulawulo oluninzi lookumkani baseYurophu lwaguqulwa lwaba ziinkqubo zomGaqo-siseko, lugcina ulawulo njengolumelo lomfuziselo ngoxa lufudusa igunya lokwenene lezobupolitika ukuba linyulwe iipalamente. IMvukelo yeBhunga elinoMfuno-Mfuno-Mpuzo (1688) sele isekelise isiseko ngokuseka igunya lepalamente. Amazwe amaninzi anjenge-Sweden, iNorway, iDenmark, kunye neJapan amkela amalungiselelo afanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye iinkokeli zawiswa ngenxa yemfazwe, imvukelo, okanye ukurhoxiwa kwemeko-yo-dekolonian iquka iRashiya (1917), iJamani (1918), kunye ne-Itali (1946), namhlanje, uninzi lwamamonarchy ekhoyo axhaswa ngumgaqo-mGwaljini, kunye qha, kunye negunya elinamandla elinamandla lezobupolitika.

Iindidi Ezinkulu Zolawulo Kwihlabathi Lanamhlanje

I-Monarchy ePheleleyo

Kulawulo olupheleleyo lolawulo, umlawuli unegunya elingenasithintelo kwilizwe kwaye akanyanzelwa ngumgaqo-siseko okanye imithetho edluliswa yindlu yowiso-mthetho. Umlawuli angamisela imithetho, amagosa, amisele umkhosi, aze alawule izoqoqosho. Imizekelo yangoku iquka iSaudi Arabia, iBrunei, i-Eman, ne-Eswatini (yangaphambili iSwazi). Kwezi nkqubo, umlawuli ufumana igunya kwimithombo yonqulo okanye yesithethe. Umzekelo, uKumkani waseSaudi Arabia ukwaphethe isiqu sikaCustodian weMibini Mosques, uxuba ulawulo lwezopolitiko kunye nonqulo olusemthethweni. Abagxeki bephikisa ukuba ukumkani opheleleyo akanako ukuhlola nolawulo, ulawulo olunemiqatha.

Igunya loMgaqo-siseko

Ulawulo lolawulo lomGaqo-siseko luyeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Apha, amagunya okumkani achazwa kwaye alinganiselwa ngumgaqo-siseko, onokuthi ubhalwe okanye ubhalwe. Ukumkani usebenza njengentloko yesithethe sorhulumente, ngoxa enyuliweyo amagosa (umlungiseleli, ipalamente) asebenzisa igunya lokulawula. Imizekelo iquka uManyano, i-Ostreliya, i-Japan, iSpeyin, iSpeyin, ne-Netherlands. Kula mazwe, umlawuli “ulawula kodwa ulawula,” usenza imisebenzi enjengepalamente evulayo, emela ilizwe eliphesheya, kwaye esebenza njengomqondiso wokuqhubekeka. Ulawulo lomthetho-siseko usoloko unandipha imigangatho ephezulu yozinzo lwezopolitiko kunye nenkxaso yolawulo olupheleleyo, ngokwezikolawulo lwe-osomastive, ngokwezi-olawulo lwe-olawulo lwe-omistpol.

Umlawuli Okhethekileyo

Kulawulo lobukumkani olunyuliweyo, ukumkani unyulwa ngonyulo olusemthethweni kunokuba adle ilifa isikhundla ngokuzalwa. Ngokwembali, uBukhosi obuNgcwele baseRoma babunyule abalawuli, kwaye imisebenzi yoopopu njengolawulo lobuthixo olunyuliweyo. Namhlanje, iMalaysia iqhelisela ulawulo olukhethekileyo olujikelezayo phakathi kweenkosi ezilithoba ezizuzwe ngamafa, nganye ikhonza ixesha eliyiminyaka emihlanu njengoKing (Yang di-Pertuan Agong). Nangona inqabile, ulawulo lookumkani olunyuliweyo luxuba izithethe ezisisiseko zokhetho lomelo, nangona unyulo lonyulo ludla ngokubhekiselele kwiqela elincinane labakhulu okanye abadala.

Ulawulo lomanyano

Ulawulo lwemonarchy yesizwe ludibanisa usungulo lokumkani nesakhiwo sezobupolitika sorhulumente, apho igunya lahlulwe phakathi korhulumente ophakathi kunye namazwe azimeleyo. I-United Arabhu-Emirates ngumzekelo oyintloko: abavukeli abasixhenxe banomlawuli wabo olifa elinguzwe (emir), kwaye omnye wabo usebenza njengoMongameli wolawulo. Iinkqubo zesizwe zinganceda ukumanyanisa imimandla eyahlukeneyo phantsi kwentloko enye yomfuziselo ngoxa ithetha ngentloko yengingqi.

Ulawulo lwamagunya

Ulawulo-melo

Kulawulo-demokhrasi, ulawulo lolawulo-bume luxhomekeke kubantu, abasebenzisa igunya ngonyulo olukhululekileyo kunye nokumelwelwa. Amandla asasaza phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente, eqinisekisa ukuphendula nokukhusela amalungelo. Ngokungafaniyo nezolawulo-modemokhrasi, iinkokeli zedemokhrasi ziye zamisela izigxina kwaye ziphantsi konyulo lweemeko ezizinzileyo. Noko ke, ulawulo lweziko lolawulo-mografi luneedemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo; ulawulo lwe-monarchy luhlala kunye nedemokhrasi. Umahluko ongundoqo uxhomekeke kwintloko yesizwe: unyulwa (okanye ukumiselwa) kwirepublic ngokumastile ekwili yolawulo-mfutho-mfutho. Uphando lucebisa ukuba iinkosi ezininzi zikhuthaza umanyano, njengokuba umlawuli wemigrafekiti yomthetho umi ekwimiqathango ekwimi kukhuphiswa ukukhuselwana kwemi yemi yezo yezopoliti yezo yezopoliti.

IRiphabliki

Irepublic luhlobo lukarhulumente apho intloko-rhulumente inyulwe okanye ityunjwe (ngokufuthi umongameli), ingengokumkani ofuyiweyo. Iiriphabliki ezininzi zale mihla zilawulwa ngedemokhrasi, nangona ezinye ziyidemokhrasi. Umahluko phakathi kolawulo lomGaqo-siseko kunye nerepubliki yepalamente unokuba ngochuku: zombini ziye zanyulwa ngoorhulumente, kodwa ezona zihlala zikho kwintloko yelifa lezwe, ngoxa ezona zinyuliweyo (okanye ezinyuliweyo) zinonyulwe (okanye) lowo ufana neUnited States, iFransi, ne-Indiya. Umahluko phakathi kwazo nokuba ngukumkani okanye yirepublicramenti esoloko ibekwe kwixabiso elifanelekileyo, isithethe, kunye nomelo lomfuziselo.

I-odonaly vs.Umbhali we-authoritarianism

Ulawulo lobugunya lugxininisa kulawulo lwenkokeli enye okanye kwiqela elincinane ngaphandle kokuziphendulela koluntu ngokubanzi. Ngoxa ezinye iimonarchy ezipheleleyo zisebenza njengeenkqubo ze-demon, asizizo zonke ezobuzwilakhe ezilawulayo; ulawulo lobuzwilakhe olusebenza phakathi kwemigangatho yedemokhrasi. Ulawulo lobucukubhedengu lukho kwii-republic, i-juntas, kunye namazwe akwicandelo elinye. Imeko ebalulekileyo bubukho bovavanyo nolungelelwano, umthetho, kunye nenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Umlawuli wokugqibela

Yinkqubo yolawulo lobuthixo apho iinkokeli zonqulo zilawula khona egameni lothixo okanye umthetho wonqulo. Ezinye iinkokeli, njengeSaudi Arabia, ziquka iinkalo zolawulo lobuthixo ezinamandla, njengoko ukumkani enyanzelisa umthetho wamaSilamsi (uShiriyam) aze athi unegunya lonqulo. Noko ke, uninzi lweenkosi zale mihla lungoorhulumente behlabathi, kwanokuba umlawuli welifa lecawa (umz., umlawuli waseBritani njengoMlawuli oPhakamileyo weCawa yaseNgilani). Ukungenelela kwegunya lonqulo nelopolitiki kungumgangatho obalaseleyo wolawulo lobuthixo ngaphezu kolawulo lwephondo ngokuba liqela.

Iingenelo zolawulo

  • Ukungaguquguquki nokungaguquguquki: kuba ookumkani basebenzela ubomi kwaye balandelana, imonarchy ingenza uzinzo olude lwexesha. Ziphepha iindawo zokulawula ezithi maxa wambi zithwale iiriphabliki ngexesha lotshintsho. Amazwe afana noManyano e-United Kingdom aye agcina inkqubo efanayo yesiseko somgaqo-siseko kangangeenkulungwane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yempembelelo ezinzisayo yolawulo.
  • Intloko yePartisan kaRhulumente: Kwii-monarch zomGaqo-siseko, ukumkani umi ngaphezulu kweliqela lezobupolitika, esebenza njengomntu omanyanisayo ngexesha leengxaki. Oku kungakhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, ingakumbi kumazwe anezahlulo ezinzulu zezobupolitika. Imisebenzi yemibhiyozo ye-monarchy . ````Ivula'', ukurhoxisa, imibutho yentrakthi yents' yezobuzwe', ukungenisa intsebenziswano yezomthetho- , `iquququzelela iziphumo zonyulo.''
  • Izakhono zelifa neSizwe ezithi zifumaneke ngokweemfuno zelizwe: iqhele ukuquka imbali yesizwe, impucuko, nezithethe. Amatheko nezakhiwo zasebukhosini zitsala ukhenketho kwaye zifak ’ isandla kwimpembelelo entle yenkcubeko. Umzekelo, ulawulo lwe-mida yaseBritane luvelisa inzuzo engundoqo yezoqoqosho ngokukhenketha nangokutshisa.
  • Umbono wexesha elide othe ngqo: umlawuli ofuzwa njengefa angathatha imbono ende ngezilangazelelo zesizwe xa kuthelekiswa nabezobupolitika abajolise kwimijikelo emifutshane yonyulo. Ngelixesha le ngxoxo isoloko ishwankathelwa, abanye ababhali-mbali bancomela ubuzwilakhe bokukhuthaza izibonelelo kunye nomanyano lwentlalo ezisusela kwizizukulwana.

Inkcitho

  • Ulawulo lwe-democratic Accounting: ukhokelo lobuNcedo lwaphula umgaqo wokuba abalawuli bafanele bakhethwe baze baphendule kubantu. Kwii-monarchy ezipheleleyo, nyani akukho ngqikelelo kumandla okumkani, nto leyo ekhokelela kwingcinezelo nenkohlakalo enokwenzeka.
  • [[NTL:0] Isivumelwano sokuhlawula irhafu: Ukugcina indlu yobukumkani, amabhotwe, ukhuseleko, neziganeko zesithethe kungabiza ixabiso elininzi. Abahlalutyi bathi le mali kawonke-wonke ingasetyenziswa kakuhle kwiinkqubo zentlalo. Umlinganiselo uyahluka: ulawulo lwe-UK lubiza imali exabisa imali emalunga ne-$1.30 ngonyaka (Mongameli Grant), ngoxa i-monarchy eninzi ingenisa iindleko eziphezulu.
  • IPhondo elikwiNtloko yeTyranny: ngaphandle kwemiqathango yomgaqo-siseko, umlawuli opheleleyo angaba nguzwilakhe, athintele ukungavumelani nokungawafumani amalungelo abantu. Imbali inika imizekelo emininzi, ukusuka kuLouis XIV ukuya kulawulo lolawulo oluphezulu lwe-oyile.
  • Ubungalingani kunye neLilungelo: ifuze iDivince iqhubele phambili ngokuqhelekileyo udidi oluphezulu olusekelwe ekuzalweni kunokuba lufaneleke. Oku kunokubeka abaphathi-mikhosi basentlalweni kunye namathuba alinganiselweyo kubemi abangengookumkani.
  • Isikhala sobunqikelelo bobulethi: Ukulandelelana kobuGcisa akuqinisekisi ubuchule bokulawula. Ukuba indlalifa ayikufanelekeli ukulawula/ukungagqibeki, umgwebo ongafanelekanga, okanye ukungabi namdla welizwe, elinengxaki. Ulawulo loMgaqo-siseko luyakukunciphisa oku ngokulinganisela indima ye-politiki yokumkani, kodwa indawo yomfuziselo isenokuzaliswa ngokungemi kakuhle.

Imikhosi Yanamhlanje Elawula Ubuchule – Uhlolisiso Lwetyala

Ulawulo loMgaqo-siseko: IBhomi laseUnited Kingdom

Ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo lwamaBritane mhlawumbi luyinkqubo edumileyo yomgaqo-siseko. Ukumkanikazi uElizabeth II walawula iminyaka engama-70, esebenza njengomqondiso wokuqhubekeka nokuzinza. Ukumkani wangoku, uKumkani uCharles III, wenza imisebenzi yemicimbi, ngelixa uMphathiswa kunye nePalamente isebenzisa igunya elilawulayo kunye nemithetho-mthetho. Ulawulo lwe-modyuli lusebenza phantsi kwenkqubo enguMongami yoMlawuli Grant, ixhaswa ngabaxhasi-mthetho, kwaye iphantsi kwengxoxo kawonke-wonke malunga nokubaluleka kunye nexabiso layo. Inkxaso isoloko ibonisa inkxaso enamandla yemfuno yolawulo phakathi kwabantu abasebatsha, nangona ingakumbi iimpulamvo zeRiphabliki.

Igunya loMgaqo-siseko: IJapan

Ulawulo lolawulo lwamaJapan, iCrysantheum Throne, lulawulo lwelizwe oludala oluqhubekayo lwelifa lemveli, oluqala ku 660 BC ngokwesithethe. UMlawuli akanagunya lezobupolitika phantsi komgaqo-siseko wehlabathi II; usebenza njengomqondiso wesizwe nomanyano lwabantu. UMlawuli wangoku uNaruto wenza iindima zesithethe nezomthetho. Ulawulo lwaseJapan lufumana inkxaso ebanzi kwaye lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokwaziwa kwezithethe kunye nezithethe zamaShinto.

Imonarchy epheleleyo: Saudi Arabia

ISaudi Arabia ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wolawulo olupheleleyo apho ukumkani enegunya eliphezulu loMphathi-mikhosi ophetheyo, onegunya elibanzi phezu kolawulo oluphezulu, lowiso-mthetho, namasebe agwebayo. Ukuba semthethweni kolawulo lwe-monarchy ngokwenxenye kufumaneka kwizixhobo zayo eziphezulu kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uBhosaster Prince Mohammed Bin Salman uye waqinisa amandla, efuna ukuhlaziywa kwale mihla (i-1930) ngoxa egcina ulawulo lolawulo lwedemon. Ulawulo lwe-Saudius ujongelwa ngokunye ukugxekwa kwayo kwimibutho yamalungelo abantu ngenxa yokunqoloba kwenkululeko yedemokhrasi.

Ikumkani Ebalaseleyo: Malaysia

Inkqubo engaqhelekanga yaseMalaysia inendawo engumlawuli womgaqo-siseko, uYang di-Pertuan Agong, okhethwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukusuka phakathi kwabalawuli abasithoba abafumana ilifa elimanyumnyezi. Le nkosi ijikelezayo inceda ukulungelelanisa igunya phakathi kwamazwe namaqela eentlanga. Indima yokumkani iqhelekile, kodwa ugcina amagunya athile alawulayo, afana nokutyunjwa kweNkulumbuso emva konyulo jikelele. Le nkqubo yentlalo ifuna ukudibanisa izithethe nedemokhrasi emela urhulumente.

Ucelomngeni Nekamva Lolawulo Lobukhosi

Imikhosi yoosomashishini ijongene neengxaki ezininzi zanamhlanje eziya kubumba ukusinda kwayo kunye nendaleko. Okokuqala, imibutho yeriphabliki iyaqhubeka ifuna ukupheliswa kumazwe anjenge-United Kingdom, Canada, i-Australia, neSpeyin. Le migaqo isoloko ikhankanya iindleko, ukungalingani, kunye nokungalingani kwamandla emfuno. Okwesibini, iingcinezelo zale mihla zifuna ukuba ulawulo lookumkani luvumelane: uphando lwezentlalo, ifuna ukubonakala, kwaye iguquguquke imilinganiselo yoluntu ingabangela ukuthobeka kwesithethe. Ingxaki elandelelanayo ivela ngamanye amaxesha, ngokomzekelo, xa ukumkani ongathandwayo okanye xa kukho imilo elandelanayo (njengoko kulawulo lweziko loKumkani uJuan I lweSpeyin I).

Phezu kwazo nje ezi ngxaki, imikhosi yolawulo lookumkani iye yangqinelana ngokuphawulekayo. Ikomkhulu lomGaqo-siseko liye lazivumelanisa ngokushiya igunya lezobupolitika ngoxa ligcina igunya lokomfuziselo, ngokunempumelelo ukuba “ziziiriphabliki eziziimpunge.". Ezinye izazinzulu zezobupolitika ziphikisa ukuba i-monarchy inikela uhlolo olubalulekileyo ngokuchasene nophulo-mpuku kunye nolawulo lweziko, kwaye ikamva lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lobukumkani lukhusela umanyano lwesizwe. Ngokunjalo lubandakanya indaleko ngokuqhubekayo: ukuncipha okucacileyo, ukuncitshiswa kwexabiso, nokugxininisa amandla ngonxibelelwano, impucuko, impucuko, kunye nokunika uncedo. Lo gama nje zikwazi ukungqinelanisa izithethe kunye nolindelo lwangoku, iikumkani azinakali zinokunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwimeko zehlabathi.

Isiphelo

Ulawulo lobukumkani luluhlobo olwahlukeneyo nolwamacandelo amaninzi ehlabathi oluqhubeka lukhona, ukusuka kubaphathi abanamandla abapheleleyo kuMbindi Mpuma ukuya kutsho kwi-Asia. Ukuqonda iinguqu ze-modyuli `ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo yamandulo ukuya kwintlobo zayo zesikomgra-siseko'. Kunika ukuqonda okubalulekileyo ngendlela ezilungelelanisa ngayo ibutho labantu, zilondoloza izithethe, zize ziqhube utshintsho. Nokuba zijongwe njengexesha eliphelelwe lixesha okanye isakhiwo esizinzileyo, ulawulo lwe-modyuli luhlala luyisihloko esibalulekile sokufunda kwinzululwazi yezobupolitika kunye nento ephilayo kwizigidi zabantu. Ngokuthelekisa ezinye iinkqubo zoburhulumente bedemokhrasi, i-demokhrasi, i-atho, kunye ne-athoristism, sizuza uxabiso olunzulu lwezithethe ezikhoyo ezilawula ulawulo-ulawulo-machiza. Njengoko ukuguquka kwehlabathi, ii-modemodem, ii-modeli ziqhubeka ukutshintsha, ukulungiselela imicimbi yamanani yanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza, ukulungiselela izithethe yanamhlanje.

Ukuze ufunde ngokubhekele phaya, jonga imithombo enegunya enje Encclopedia Britannica ukungeniswa kolawulo lobukumkani, BC's umhlalutyi wolawulo lwezomgaqo-siseko [, kunye nezifundo zemfundo ezifana "“Monarchy kwihlabathi Langoku” nguJohn H. Mittelmeier[[FL:5] kuhlaziyo olunzulu.