Kwizigidi zeentsapho, isithili sesikolo sasekuhlaleni sinamandla anamandla asebenzayo abumba umntwana i’ ifundisa, ukanti isoloko iyibhokisi emnyama. Ukuqonda indlela esifunda kuyo isikolo sakho esisebenza ngayo, apho imali iphuma khona, nendlela onokuziphembelela ngayo izigqibo zaso kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umfundi ngamnye ufumana ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuphumelela. Olu khokelo lunentsingiselo luqhawula iinkalo ezigxekayo zesithili sesikolo, ukusuka ekulawuleni nasekuhlawuleni ityala loluntu, ukuxhobisa ngolwazi ukuze ube ngummeli onolwazi nophumelelayo.

Yintoni Isithili Sesikolo?

Kwisithili esilula, isithili sesikolo singummandla ochazwe ngokusemthethweni onegunya lokuqhuba izikolo zikawonke-wonke kwimida yaso. Izithili zisebenza njengequmrhu eliphambili lolawulo lwemfundo kawonke-wonke nesekhondini eUnited States, lijongene nokuzalisekisa imiyalelo karhulumente nemfundo karhulumente, ngoxa liphendula kwiimfuno zasekuhlaleni. Ingingqi ezininzi zizimele ngokwamandla karhulumente, oko kuthetha ukuba ziyakwazi ukuhlawula iirhafu, ukukhupha iingxelo zemali, nokufaka iingxelo zemali kwizivumelwano. Ezinye, eziziwa ngokuba zizimele kwimimandla exhomekeke kwiphondo, zisebenza njengesebe lesixeko okanye urhulumente.

Ingcamango yale mihla yesithili sesikolo yavela ngenkulungwane ye-19 njengoko amaphondo ayefuna ukwenza imfundo esesikweni nokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bafunda ngokwemfundo esisiseko. Namhlanje, iNational Center for Education Statistics (NICERS) inikela ingxelo yesithili semfundo sasekuhlaleni esimalunga newaka le-13 000, ukusuka kwimixokelelwano encinane yesikolo sasemaphandleni enesikolo esinye ukuya kwisithili esikhulu esikhonza amakhulu amawaka abafundi. Ukuqonda isithili sakho esingu̱ isakhiwo sinyathelo lokuqala ekunyuseni kweminye imimandla yaso.

Imisebenzi Engundoqo yeSithili seSikolo

Imimandla yezikolo yenza imisebenzi emininzi echaphazela ngqo imfundo yaseklasini. Ngoxa umlinganiselo othe ngqo utshintsha ngokwesizwe, isithili esininzi sinoxanduva:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ucwangciso lwezemfundo kunye nosukelo [... ̵ Ukukhupha isithili i’ umsebenzi wemfundo, ukubona, kunye nezicwangciso zokuphucula iminyaka emininzi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Uphuhliso lweCurculum kunye nolwamkelo ̵ Ukukhetha iincwadi, izinto zokufundisa, kunye nezikhokelo zepayipi ezilungelelaniswe kwimigangatho yombuso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Abaphathi bePernonel... #821; Ukuqesha, ukuqesha, uqeqesho, ukuvavanya, nokudibanisa abafundisi, abalawuli, kunye nabaxhasi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] ukuhlahlela kunye nolawulo lwemali ̵ izibonelelo ezidibanisa izikolo, ukuphatha umqulu ohlawulayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthobelana kwemali.
  • Izakhiwo kunye nezithuthi ̵ Ukugcina izakhiwo zesikolo, amabala, kunye nomkhosi woduladula; ukulungiselela ulwakhiwo olutsha okanye ulungiso.
  • Iinkonzo zabafundi ̵ Ukunikezela ngemfundo ekhethekileyo, iinkqubo zomfundi oliNgesi, ululeko, ukuzondla, kunye neenkonzo zempilo.
  • Abaphathi bamabhata nokunika ingxelo ̵ Ukulandelela abafundi abayayo, amacandelo, uvavanyo lwenani, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphumelela; ukunikezela iingxelo ezifunekayo kumasebe karhulumente.

Inye yezi misebenzi ikhokelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo edluliselwe yibhodi yesikolo ize ibulawe yisikhululo sesithili kunye nabasebenzi baseofisini abasembindini. Ukuphumelela kwale misebenzi kuphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo zabafundi nolwaneliseko loluntu.

Ukuqonda Imida YeSikolo Nokubhalisa

Imida yesithili sesikolo imisela ukuba umntwana abelwe ukuya ngasiphi isikolo sikawonke-wonke. Le mida ayibalulekanga; isekelwe kwizinto ezifana nobunzima babemi, iindlela zothutho, indawo yesikolo, kunye nongenelelo loluntu. Kwimimandla emininzi, ingakumbi imimandla esezidolophini nakwimimandla yedolophu, iimaphu zinokuba ntsokothile kwaye zinokuba luncedo ekulinganiseni ukufikelela okanye ukuhlalisana nezakhiwo ezintsha.

Iinkqubo ezilinganayo zinentsingiselo ebalulekileyo. Iintsapho ezikwingingqi ezityebileyo zidla ngokungenelwa kwisiseko serhafu yempahla ephezulu nezikolo ezingcono, ngelixesha ezo zikwindawo eziphantsi zinokujongwa kumagumbi okufundela azeleyo, izibonelelo ezalupheleyo, kunye neminikelo ehambele phambili. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo zibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusasaza izibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Amaphondo amaninzi ngoku anikela intengiso ekhululekileyo[[FLT:] okanye imigaqo evumela abafundi ukuba baye kwisikolo ngaphandle komda wabo owabelweyo, bafanele bafumane isithuba kunye neemfuno zezo zothutho. Kuba abazali becinga ngokuhambelana, ukuhambela imida yesithili kunye nokwenza uphando lwesikolo kumacala afana [[FLT:][FFFFF:] [FF]]

Indlela Imida Emiselwa Ngayo Yaye Ibukezwe

Imithetho ibekwa yibhodi yesikolo esekelwe kumancomelo avela kubabhali-manani besithili nakwikomiti yoluntu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya:

  • Ukuvavanya ugcino-lwazi lwabafundi ngoku kunye
  • Ukukhutshwa kwamandla esikolo nokufumaneka
  • Ukuqwalasela iindlela zokuhamba nokuhamba
  • Ukujongana nokuncitshiswa
  • Ukulungelelanisa iinjongo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nonxulumano lwentlalo

Asingomda othe ngqo; izithili ziyawatyelela rhoqo, ingakumbi xa kuvulwa izikolo ezintsha, kuvela iinguquko eziphawulekayo, okanye iingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni. Abazali bafanele baye kwintlanganiso zomda baze baqonde ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutshintsha naluphi na utshintsho olucetyiweyo.

Ukubonelela nokuHlanganisa Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Imali yesithili seso sikolo yenye yeenkalo ezintsonkothileyo nezinempikiswano zemfundo karhulumente. Izithili zixhomekeke kwintlanganisela yengingqi, yesizwe, kodwa umlinganiselo uyahluka-hluka kulo lonke elo lizwe. Ngoorhulumente bamazwe banika ulwahlulo olukhulu (malunga nama-47%), lulandelwa yimithombo yasekuhlaleni (malunga nama-45%), nemali karhulumente egqume ishiyekileyo (kunokuba ngu-8%).

Ingcaciso Ngemithombo Ephambili Yenkxaso

  • [[FLT: 0] Iirhafu zempahla zendawo & #821; imvelaphi elawula indawo. Ngenxa yokuba amaxabiso empahla ayahluka kakhulu, uluntu olutyebileyo lunganyusa ngaphezulu kumfundi ngamnye onexabiso eliphantsi lerhafu kuluntu oluhlwempuzekileyo. Oku kuqhuba [[[FLT:]] ukungagqibeki phakathi kwesithili.
  • Imali yesizwe[#821]; Amazwe asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasaza uncedo, ngokufuthi adibanisa amanani abafundi, amanqanaba obuhlwempu, kunye neemfuno zemfundo eyodwa. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa iinkqubo zesiseko eziqinisekisa umlinganiselo omncinci nge-papuli nganye, ngelinye ixesha amanye asebenzisa iindlela ezintsokothileyo.
  • Imali enikwa ̵ Inkqubo enkulu karhulumente yiSihloko I, enika inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo kwizikolo ezifumana abafundi abafumana imali ephantsi. Ezinye izimali zemali zemali yesebe zixhasa imfundo ekhethekileyo (IA), abafundi abangamaNgesi, kunye nesidlo sesikolo.
  • [ Ezinye iingeniso zasekuhlaleni ̵ amanyathelo okubotshelelwa kunye nentlawulo ezivunyiweyo ngabavoti kwiiprojekthi ezithile zekomkhulu (izikolo ezintsha, uhlaziyo lobugcisa) okanye iimfuno zokusebenza. Imimandla emininzi ikwanyusa imali ngemirhumo, iirente, kunye neminikelo yabucala.

Wonke umfundi uMthetho weFuneeSeeds (ESA) ufuna izithili zesikolo ukuba zinike ingxelo yeendleko zemali nganye kumgangatho wesikolo, zinika ukubonakala okungakaze kubonwe. Abazali nabaxhasi kufuneka baqwalasele la manani ukuchonga ukungabikho bulungisa nokugcina iinkokeli zesithili zinoxanduva.

Uxanduva lweBhodi yeSikolo noLawulo

Ibhodi yesikolo liqumrhu elilawulayo lesithili sesikolo, linyulwe ngabavoti basekuhlaleni (okanye kwezinye iimeko) ukumela uluntu i’ izilangazelelo. Iibhodi zimisela inkqubo, zivumela uqingqo-mali, ziqesha zize zinike uxanduva, kwaye zibonelele ngolawulo. Iibhodi ezisebenzayo zisebenza njengeqela elidibeneyo elijolise ekuphumezeni kwabafundi, ngelinye ixesha iibhodi ezingasebenzi kakuhle zingathintela inkqubela ekulweni okanye ekulweni kwemilingo.

Iimbopheleleko Ezingundoqo Zebhodi Yesikolo

  • Ukuseka i-’ ukubona, umsebenzi, kunye nezinto eziphambili
  • Ukubonelela ngoqingqo-mali lonyaka nokuhlola ukusebenza kwemali
  • Imigaqo-nkqubo yokujikeleza, izixhobo zokufundisa,
  • Izivumelwano ezithelekisana nabasebenzi (apho kuyimfuneko)
  • Ukumisela imigaqo-nkqubo engoqeqesho lwabafundi, ukuya nokulingana
  • Ukuncedisa uluntu ngeentlanganiso zoluntu
  • Ukucinywa kwenkokeli yesithili nokubekwa koovimba

Iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo zivulelwe uwonke-wonke, kwaye izithili ezininzi zinika amacebiso nemizuzu kwi-intanethi. Ukuya kwezi ntlanganiso yenye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokuqonda indlela izigqibo ezenziwe ngayo nokuthetha imibandela. INSBA] inikela ubuncwane bamalungu ebhodi kunye noluntu kwizenzo zolawulo ezisebenzayo.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Kwizithili Zezikolo

Ukugaxelelwa okunamandla kwasekuhlaleni kwakha ukuthembana, kuphucula iziphumo zabafundi, yaye kuqinisekisa ukuba izikolo zibonakalisa imilinganiselo neemfuno zeentsapho ezizikhonzayo. Imimandla yesithili efuna ingcebiso kubazali, kumashishini, namaqabane angenangeniso imelana bhetele ukuze ibone iingxaki zisemgangathweni yaye izicombululo zemisebenzi ezinenkxaso ebanzi.

Iindlela Zokwenza Oku

  • [[FLT: 0] Iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo ezithe gqo ̵ imiqondiso yokuya rhoqo ikuvumela ukuba uve iingxelo, ugqabaze kwimiba ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye udibane namalungu ebhodi.
  • Ingena kwiNtlanganiso yoMfundisi-Mfundisi (PTA/PTO) ̫ PTAs ilungiselela imigudu yamatshantliziyo, iingxowa-mali, kunye neziganeko zentsapho ngexesha ixhasa isikolo nomgangatho wesithili.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwikomiti yesithili yokwazisa & #821; izithili ezininzi zineekomiti zohlelo, izibonelelo, ubuchule, kunye noqingqo-mali oluquka abazali nabameli boluntu.
  • [[UMTL: 0] IVolunter ezikolweni[ ̵ Ukuhlomela, ukucebisa, uncedo lweklasi, kunye nesiganeko ukuxhasa ngokungqalileyo inzuzo yabafundi kunye nolwalamano nabafundisi.
  • Paricipate kuhlolo kunye nefourmis ̵ izithili zisoloko zifuna igalelo kwizicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo, utshintsho lomda, okanye iziphakamiso zekhalenda yesikolo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uphumele kwibhodi yesikolo ̵ Ukuba unolwazi olunzulu nomnqweno wemfundo, qwalasela ukuba ngumbambeli.

Ukuganana okunempumelelo sisitrato esihamba ngendlela ezimbini. Izithili kufuneka zenze iindlela ezininzi zongeniso, kuquka izinto eziguqulelweyo kwiintsapho ezingezolwimi lwesiNgesi kunye namaxesha entlanganiso ahlalisa abazali abasebenzayo. I- PTA Today inikeza izikhokelo eziluncedo zokuqalisa okanye ukomeleza amaqela abazali.

Ukhokelo Lwesithili Sesikolo: Umvuzo Obalaseleyo

Umphathi-ofisi ligosa eliyintloko lesithili sesikolo, elimiselwe yibhodi yesikolo ukuphumeza iinkqubo zayo nokulawula imisebenzi yayo yosuku nosuku. Ngoxa ibhodi imisela umbono, umphathi ukhokela iqela leofisi esembindini, iintloko, kunye nabasebenzi ukufikelela usukelo lwemfundo. Umphathi onobuchule uzisa ubuchule kwizifundo, kwimali, kwimali, kwimisebenzi yemali, nakwintlalo-ntle yabantu.

Amaqela amakhulu ajongene noxinzelelo olukhulu: ukulungelelanisa uqingqo-mali, ukuvala izithuba zempumelelo, ukuphendula kwiimeko, kunye nokwahlulwa ngokwezobupolitika. Umlinganiselo we-avareji yenshorensi yesithili kwi-U.S. umalunga neminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, ngokwe School Superintendents Association (ASA). Xa ukhangelo lwenkampani entsha, iibhodi kufuneka zibandakanye uluntu ukuchonga izinto eziphambili kunye nenkqubo yokuqesha ecacileyo.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nezithili Zezikolo Namhlanje

Imimandla yezikolo yanamhlanje ibambana nocelomngeni oluninzi olunzima olufuna izisombululo ezintsha nobuncwane obaneleyo:

  • Ukungalingani nokungafundi ̫ Ulwahluko phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu kwingingqi luyaqhubeka lulinganisela amathuba kubafundi abaninzi.
  • Ukunqongophala komfundisi-lwazi nokungaqiniseki ̵ imivuzo ephantsi, uxinezeleko oluphezulu, nokunqongophele kwenkxaso kubafundisi-mfundo abakude kulo msebenzi, ingakumbi kwimfundo ekhethekileyo nakumabala e-STEM.
  • Impilo yengqondo enzulu ̵ unyuko lwenkxalabo, udandatheko, kunye nomonakalo phakathi kwabafundi bazama ukutsala ulawulo kwaye bafuna iindlela ezintsha zokufumana ingcebiso.
  • Udibaniso lwezeteknoloji kunye nobuchule bamanani ̵ Ukuqinisekisa bonke abafundi ukuba banezixhobo, i-intanethi, kunye nobuchule bokufunda amanani lucelomngeni oluqhubekayo.
  • Ukhuseleko lweqokobhe ̵ izithili kufuneka zilinganisele amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nendawo yokwamkela xa zithetha nokungcungcuthekiswa, ugonyamelo, kunye nokuzilungiselela ngexesha likaxakeka.
  • ukunikwa amatyala kunye novavanyo olusezantsi ̵ Uxinzelelo lokudibana nophawu lwebhedringi yengingqi yelizwe lungamxinwa kwaye lwandise ixhala lovavanyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukwenziwa kwencam yomhlaba [ ̵ Ingxoxo ngohlelo lwenkqubo, iincwadi zethala leencwadi, kunye nokuzichaza kwesini na, ziguqule ezinye iintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo zaba zindawo zedabi.

Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwabafundisi-mfundo, abaququzeleli bemigaqo-nkqubo, iintsapho, nemibutho yoluntu.

Imfundo Ekhethekileyo Neenkonzo Zenkxaso Zabafundi

Imimandla yezikolo inembopheleleko esemthethweni eLawulweni noMthetho weDrugment Education (IDEA) wokunika abafundi abaneziphene imfundo efanelekileyo yasesidlangalaleni (FAPE). Oku kuquka ukufanisa abafundi abafuna iinkonzo, ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zemfundo (IEP), nokulungiselela iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezifana nonyango lokuthetha, unyango lwempangelo, kunye nokucebisa.

Izithili kufuneka zixhase abafundi bamaNgesi, abafundi abanamakhaya, kunye nabafundi abanaziphiwo kunye nabafundi abanamava. Ukugada ezi nkqubo kusenokuba nzima kubazali, kodwa isithili ngasinye kufuneka sibe nencopho emiselweyo yokunxibelelana ukuze sifumane imfundo ekhethekileyo nokunika ukhuseleko lweproced. Isiko Lomzali iHub linika izikhokelo kunye noqeqesho ukunceda iintsapho zikhuthaze ngokunempumelelo.

Indlela Yokususa Nokukhetha Isithili Sesikolo

Kwiintsapho ezifudukela kwenye indawo okanye ezicinga ngeendlela zokukhetha izikolo, ukuqwalasela isithili sesikolo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kunokukhangela uvavanyo. Qwalasela ezi ngongoma:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Imisebenzi ye-Academic kunye nolwando ̵ ingxelo yengxelo yengxelo yekhadi lombuso wohlolo, amanani okuphumelela, kunye nezalathiso zokulungiselela koleji.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] Iminikelo kunye neeklasi zasemva kwesikolo ̵ Ingaba izikolo zinika indawo eqhubela phambili, iBaccaupareDrea, iinkqubo zobugcisa, ubugcisa, kunye nemidlalo?
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ubungakanani bomsebenzi kunye nomfundi uxhasa ̵ Umfundisi- kumlinganiselo wobungaphi bolwazi kunye nobukho babacebisi, abahlohli, kunye nabasebenzi bemfundo eyodwa.
  • Impucuko yemfundo kunye nemozulu ̵ tyelela izikolo, thetha nabazali nabafundi, kwaye uhlole ugcino-lwazi loqeqesho kunye neengxelo zokungcungcuthekisa.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imisebenzi kunye nobugcisa ̵ imeko yezakhiwo, ukufumaneka kwee-abrethi zenzululwazi, amathala eencwadi, kunye nobugcisa bezi mini.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Uthumelo nokhuseleko ̵ iindlela, ukuhamba, kunye nokhuseleko.
  • ukudibana okuqukunjelweyo ̵ Ithini isithili kwinkathalo yomzali? Ingaba kukho iiPTA kunye neekomiti ezisebenzayo?

Iiwebsite ezifana ne Ezinkulu izikolo ezinika ireyithi kunye nohlolo lwabazali, ngelixa iiwebhusayithi zesebe lemfundo lezwe zinika iingxelo ezisemthethweni zokuphendula. Abameli bezindlu zokwema komhlaba banganika uluvo kwimigangatho yesikolo kunye notshintsho lomda.

Imithombo Yokuqonda Isithili Sesikolo Sakho

Ukuzixhobisa ngenkcazelo ethembekileyo kungundoqo wokuba nenxaxheba kwisikolo ofunda kuso. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo:

Isiphelo

Isithili sesikolo sakho asiyoyonkqubo yezomthetho; sisithuthi esisetyenziswa ngumbutho ozidibanisela ikamva. Ngokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo izithili, indlela ezixhaswa ngayo, nendlela onokuzibandakanya ngayo, uguqula umqwalaseli ongenzi nto ube ngumsebenzi osebenzayo. Ukuba ungumzali ohamba ngemfundo ekhethekileyo, ilungu loluntu elixhalabele ukunqunyulwa koqingqo-mali, okanye ummi ofuna ukuqhutyelwa phambili kwibhodi yesikolo, ulwazi oluqulethwe kweli nqaku lunika isiseko esiqinileyo. Qala ngokutyelela isithili sakho i’ iwebhsayithi, ukuya kwintlanganiso elandelayo, nokunxulumana nabanye abazali abathembileyo. Ikamva lengingqinizantlulo yakho i̱ izikolo zixhomekeke kwibhodi yolwazi, ephindileyo, namazwini nawe.