Table of Contents

Ukudibana nabameli bakho abanyuliweyo asingomsebenzi nje owesizwe, kodwa lilungelo lomGaqo-siseko elenza isiseko solawulo-siseko lwaseMelika. UMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo ukhusela ngokucacileyo "ilungelo labantu lokuhlanganisa ngoxolo, nokucela uRhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo." Le nkululeko ingundoqo iqinisekisa ukuba ummi ngamnye ungenza ilizwi lakhe liviwe kurhulumente, amele utshintsho, aze agcine amagosa abo anyuliweyo ethembekile. Ukuqonda imithetho, imimiselo, kunye nezenzo ezintle ezikungqongileyo zokunxibelelana kukunika amandla oku ngokuphumelelayo nokusebenzisa eli lungelo kwaye wenze isiphumo esinentsingiselo kwinkqubo yomthetho.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko: Ilungelo lakho lokucela

Ilungelo lokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho lisekelwe ngokunzulu kumthetho-siseko waseMerika yaye linelifa elininzi elingokwembali elandulela ukusekwa kwe-United States. Le nkululeko inemvelaphi enzulu kwilifa lethu elisemthethweni, elithabathela kwiminyaka engama-800 emva kweMagna Carta neSigqeba samaNgesi samalungelo owe-1689, kunye namaxwebhu omabini amisela imigaqo equlunqe kumthetho wase-U.S.

Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqala

IFirst Amendment ithi: “Isivumelwano asiyi kwenza mthetho mayelana nokusekwa konqulo, okanye ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwalo ngokukhululekileyo; okanye ukuphelisa inkululeko yokuthetha, okanye yamaphephandaba; okanye ilungelo labantu lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, nokucela uRhulumente ukuba alungise izityholo. Lo khuseleko aluyi kumela nje ukusetyenziswa konqulo, okanye ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwalo; okanye ukuthomalalisa inkululeko yokungavumelani okanye ukohlwaya abemi borhulumente ukuba banxibelelane nabo.

"Ilungelo lokucela" lithetha ukuba amagosa karhulumente akanakuthintela amaMelika ekuqhagamshelaneni nawo ukuze enze izikhalazo zawo ziviwe, okanye abohlwaye ngenxa yokuzama ukwenza njalo. Olu khuselo ludlulela ngaphaya kokubhala nje izibongozo ezisemthethweni. Ilungelo lokucela likhusela ilungelo labantu lokunxibelelana ngqo namagosa karhulumente, nokuba afanele akhalaze, acele, abelane ngembono, okanye nantoni na enye.

Umda Usuqalile Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Ukutolikwa kwesi sibongozo kuye kwaguquka ngokuphawulekayo ukususela oko umGaqo-siseko wagunyaziswayo. NgokweNkonzo yoPhicotho-zincwadi, ekubeni umGaqo-siseko ubhaliwe, ilungelo lesicelo liye lanweba ngaphezu kweemfuno "zokulungisa izikhalazo," kwaye ngoku liqonda iimfuno zokusetyenziswa ngurhulumente wamandla awo ukuhambisela phambili umdla nempumelelo yabaceli-sicelo neembono zabo kwimicimbi yezobupolitika.

Ilungelo lifikelela kuwo onke amasebe karhulumente, kuquka ukusondela kwabemi okanye amaqela abo kumasebe olawulo (okuzizidalwa zombini zendlu yowiso-mthetho, nezandla zomphathi) nakwinkundla, isebe lesithathu loRhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungakwazi ukuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho bombutho kodwa kwanamagosa esebe alawulayo, kwanamagosa aphetheyo, kwanawamkela iinkundla ukuze acele uncedo.

Into Engaqinisekisiyo Ngelungelo

Ngoxa ilungelo lokucela linamandla, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqathango yayo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States yagqiba ngowe-1984 ukuba akukho nto eMthethweni Wokuqala okanye kumthetho wetyala leNkundla ecebisa ukuba amalungelo okuthetha, ukunxulumana, kunye nesicelo afuna ukuba abaququzeleli benkqubo karhulumente baphulaphule okanye baphendule kunxibelelwano lwamalungu kawonke-wonke kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke. Ngamanye amazwi, ngoxa unelungelo lokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho, abanatyala ngokusemthethweni ukusabela kunxibelelwano lwakho okanye ukwenza kwizicelo zakho.

Oku akuthethi ukuba uthungelwano lwakho aluncedi nganto-------o abameli banezizathu ezinamandla zezobupolitika zokusabela kwizixhobo. Kodwa ke, ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko luqinisekisa ilungelo lakho lokunxibelelana, hayi isiqinisekiso sesiphumo esithile okanye impendulo.

Imithetho yeBhunga elilawulayo

Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko, iKhonklathi iye yamisela imithetho nemigangatho engqalileyo elawula indlela abameli abasebenzisana ngayo nabantu abanxulumene nabo. Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuziphatha kakuhle ngoxa inika inkxaso esebenzayo.

Ulawulo lweNtsimbi yama-34 noncedo olumanyeneyo

UHlaziyo Lokuqala loMgaqo - siseko waseUnited States luqinisekisa ilungelo lokucela urhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo, nokuphendula imibuzo yabaceli nokuwanceda phambi kwamagosa aphezulu okanye azimeleyo karhulumente namaqumrhu azimeleyo kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokumela umsebenzi welungu ngalinye leBhunga, kwanomsebenzi obalulekileyo wobugqeba.

Ngo-1992, iNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtsimbi yama-43, eqinisekisa ukuba "ekuphenduleni kwizicelo zoncedo, ilungu leNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, elisebenza ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi, linelungelo lokunceda abacela uncedo phambi kwamagosa aphezulu namagosa azimeleyo karhulumente," kuquka ukunxibelelana nokucela inkcazelo okanye ingxelo yezobuzwe, ukukhuthaza ukuqwalaselwa, ukulungiselela udliwano-ndlebe okanye ukumiswa, ukuvakalisa izigwebo okanye ukuphinda kuthathwe kwenyathelo lolawulo.

Imigangatho yonxibelelwano lwasekhaya

Konke okuqulethwe kuthungelwano olusemthethweni kufuneka kunxulumene noshishino olusemthethweni, oluquka imicimbi enxulumene ngqo okanye ngokungangqalanga kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho, imisebenzi yowiso-mthetho jikelele, imisebenzi yombutho, imisebenzi yemini-mini yeBhunga, imiba yoManyano-mkhosi yenkxalabo kawonke-wonke, izenzo ezithatyathwe njengomelo lwesithili apho iLungu linyulwa khona, izicelo zikawonke-wonke malunga neemvo zenkqubo, kunye nocalulo-mvisiselo lwengxoxo phakathi kwee-arctic kunye norhulumente womanyano.

Indlu imisele imimiselo ebanzi yolawulo lonxibelelwano olusemthethweni. IKhomishini ilawula uthungelwano lwasemthethweni lweofisi, kuquka, kodwa hayi kuphela, iposi yeposi, iposi ye-elektroniki, iposi, iiposi, iiposi, iiposi (neendlela ezifanayo zokuthumela imiyalezo nge-elektroniki), izibhengezo (kuquka amanani, iphephandaba, unomathotholo, umabonwakude), iminxeba yokukhupha iimpahla, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezisekelwe kwiphepha, i-temptalog kunye nothungelwano lwamanani.

Imiqathango Ekwahlukaneni Konxibelelwano

Xa abameli bengenelela kwimibutho yorhulumente, kufuneka balandele iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zomthetho. URhulumente kuMthetho we-Sunshine umisela imiqathango ekhethekileyo ekwahluleni unxibelelwano olukhoyo kubasebenzi besebe ngokufanelekileyo kulindeleke ukuba babandakanyeke ekwenzeni izigqibo ngokuphathelele iinzuzo zokuqhubeka, nonxibelelwano oluye lwathethwa okanye olubhaliweyo ngaphandle kwesaziso esifanelekileyo kuwo onke amaqela yaye lungasetyenziswa kwingxelo kawonke wonke, lusebenzisa kuphela kwimibutho esemthethweni kunye nezenzo zomthetho ezizidibaniselwayo kwindalo.

Umbuzo wemeko uthathwa njengongavumelaniyo nomthetho othintelweyo wothungelwano, nangona ingxelo yeKomiti yeMicimbi yoRhulumente ithe izicelo zengxelo yezobuzwe ezingachaphazeliyo kwindlela ityala eligqitywe ngayo ikhutshwe, iphawula ukuba ezinye izicelo zengxelo zemeko zinokuba yimigudu echuliweyo yokuphembelela iziphumo zombutho.

Iindlela Ezisemthethweni Zokuqhagamshelana Nabameli Bakho

Ukuqonda le misele ihlukahlukeneyo kuya kukunceda ukhethe eyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokusingatha imeko yakho.

Uthungelwano olubhaliweyo

INkundla Ephakamileyo ithi abantu banokucela urhulumente wabo ngendibano okanye ngokubhala izibongozo ezithunyelwe okanye ezithunyelwe ngoomatshini bombane. Unxibelelwano olubhaliweyo luseyenye yezona ndlela zesithethe neziphumelelayo zokuqhagamshelana nabameli.

Iposi yesithethe: iileta ezithunyelwa ngenkonzo yeposi zinembali ende kunxibelelwano oluyi-Activation. Kumazwe angaphambili, inkxalabo ngonxibelelwano olubalulekileyo lwedemokhrasi yabangela ukuba kubekho ilungelo elicacileyo, elinemvelaphi kwinkulungwane ye 17, neBritish House of Commons ewusungulayo ngo1660, kunye neyokuqala iContineral Congress edlulisa umthetho ngo1775 enika amalungelo okuthumela amalungu ayo ukuze anxibelelane nee-'Am.

Iposi ye-electronic ixhaphakile kuthungelwano lwe-octronetic. Uthungelwano lombane aluthintelwanga yimiqathango yendawo, kwaye Amalungu angakha uluhlu lomxhasi we-imeyili, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zezentlalo-ntle ezivumela amalungu ukuba asasaze kwaye asebenzisane nobuchule obunokwenzeka bokusetyenziswa kwe-octronetic transfers kububanzi obungaphezulu kakhulu kunesithili sawo.

Uqhagamshelwano Lobuqu Ngqo

Usebenzisa inkululeko yokucela xa unikela ubungqina okanye uthetha kwintlanganiso yesidlangalala nakweliphi na iqondo lorhulumente, ufaka isikhalazo esibhaliweyo okanye isicelo sokutshintshelwa kumbutho karhulumente, umeme okanye uthumele iposi ummeli wakho ngempendulo engomthetho okanye inkqubo ethile, okanye udibane nomntu kwigosa likarhulumente.

[[NTLL:0] Ifowuni ze-Phone: Ukubiza i-ofisi yommeli wakho yindlela ekhawulezileyo nengqalileyo yokwenza ukuba ilizwi lakho liviwe. Ngelixesha uza kuthetha nelungu labasebenzi kunokuba ummeli ngqo, ezi mnxeba zikhutshwa zixelwe kwigosa elinyuliweyo. Xa ubiza, zichaze kakuhle, zichaze njenge-athom, zichaze ngokucacileyo indawo yakho kwinkupho, kwaye uhlonele ilungu labasebenzi elithabatha unxulumano lwakho.

[[NKQUBO:0] KwiiNtlanganiso zePerson: Intlanganiso ijonge phambi kommeli wakho okanye abasebenzi babo bangaba nempembelelo enkulu. Ezi ntlanganiso zidla ngokwenzeka ngexesha lee-ofisi kwii-ofisi zesithili okanye ngokumiswa kwazo eWashington, D.C. iofisi ye-ofisi. I-ofisi ye-togn kunye nee-ormments zinika amathuba okunxibelelana ngqo.

Indibano Kawonke-wonke Nemiboniso

Ilungelo lendibano likhusela inkululeko yabantu yokuhlanganisana kwindawo kawonke-wonke, kuquka iindawo zombutho njengeepaki kunye neendledlana, ukuze benze imisebenzi ekhuthazayo, equka ukuqhankqalaza, ukulungiselela iintlanganiso nezinye iinjongo zentlalo okanye ezopolitiko.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo, indawo, kunye nemiqathango elungelelanisiweyo kwindibano iyavumelekile, kodwa kufuneka bagcwaliswe/indawo-nethithi yokungabikho kwenxaxheba kwaye kufuneka balungiselelwe ngokumxinwa ukwenzela inzala esemthethweni karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona oorhulumente benokulawula ixesha, indawo, nendlela eqhankqalazayo eyenzeka ngayo (umzekelo, ukufuna imvume yeembutho ezinkulu), abanakukhetha ngokusekelwe kwisigidimi esiboniswayo.

Izibongozo Nezithathi-nxaxheba

You can circulate a petition, a ballot initiative or referendum request for others to sign and then submit it to a government office to be placed on the ballot. Formal petitions have played a crucial role throughout American history. The first significant exercise and defense of the right to petition within the U.S. was to advocate the end of slavery by sending Congress well over a thousand petitions on the topic, signed by some 130,000 citizens.

Ilaving

Isicelo sikhusela ukuncedwa, enoba kwenziwa ngokobuqu okanye ngomntu okhuthaza intsebenziswano, umntu okanye inkampani eqeshwe ukuba ifumane iimbono okanye izicelo kumagosa karhulumente. Ngoxa ukucela ubuchule kuphantsi kwemigaqo yokubhaliswa nokutyhilwa phantsi komthetho wesizwe, abemi ngabanye ababandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yabo yobuqu yokuxhasa izilangazelelo zabo basebenzisa amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko.

Ukufikelela kwiiNkundla

Le nkululeko ikwakhusela ilungelo lokumangalela urhulumente enkundleni. INkundla ifumanise ukuba ilungelo lokucela likhusela ilungelo lokufikelela kwinkqubo yenkundla. Oku kuquka ukumangalela, ukufuna uhlolo lwezenzo zowiso-mthetho, nokulandela ezinye izicombululo ezingokwasemthethweni nxamnye namaqumrhu karhulumente.

Unxibelelwano lwamanani nolothungelwano lwezoshishino

Ubugcisa bezi mini buye bandisa iindlela abemi abanokuqhagamshelana ngazo nabameli babo. Izixhobo zezentlalo zingasetyenziswa ukuthumela ulwazi kumamkeli ngendlela efanayo kuthungelwano lwesithethe, kodwa kwakhona zivumela ukuba amalungu okanye abasebenzi babandakanyeke kubabini nabanye abalawuli kunye nabameli kwiingxoxo ze-intanethi zexesha lokwenene.

KwiNtloko yeFirst Amendment Institute v. Trump (209), iNkundla yezibheno yase-U.S. yeNkundla yeSibini yeNjinganiso yathi uMongameli uTrump wasebenzisa ingxelo yakhe yesibheno ukuqhuba ishishini likarhulumente elisemthethweni, kwaye ngoko ke waguqula ingxelo yakhe yaba "indawo kawonke-wonke," kangangokuba phantsi kwenkululeko yokuHlazisa uLawulo lokuqala, enelungelo lokucela, wayengenakubathintela abalandeli abachaphazeli. Eli tyala laseka umzekelo obalulekileyo ngokuphathelele ukusebenzisa kwamagosa oluntu bonxibelelwano.

Imiqathango Esemthethweni Nehambo Enconywayo

Ngoxa ilungelo lokucela libanzi, aliphelelekanga. Iintlobo ezithile zehambo azivumelekanga ngumthetho kwaye zingaphumela kwiziphumo ezinzulu zomthetho. Ukuqonda le mida kuqinisekisa ukuba ubuchule bakho buhlala buphakathi kwemida esemthethweni.

Izisongelo Nokukhathazwa

Umthetho karhulumente uyalwalela uluvo lwamagosa anyuliweyo okanye abanye abasebenzi bakarhulumente, ukusongela abameli, enoba kukuthethwa, kubhalwe okanye kusetyenziswa ielektroniki, lulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu olunokuphumela ekuchotshelweni kwetyala. Oku kuquka ukusongelwa ngogonyamelo, ngengozi, okanye ukoyikisa ngenjongo yokuphembelela izenzo zabo ezisemthethweni.

Ngokufanayo, ukukhathazwa okungaphaya kokuthethwa kwezobupolitika kuyalelwa. Ngoxa ukugxekwa okuqatha kwanolwimi olungqwabalala kujoliswe kwimigaqo nezenzo zamagosa kukhuselwa, uqhagamshelwano olungapheliyo olungafunwayo olunyuka luze ludlulele kwinqanaba lokuhlasela okanye ukungcungcuthekisa elingaphaya komgca osemthethweni.

Ukuchasa kunye neentetho zobuxoki

KwiMcDonald v. Smith (1985), iNkundla yavumelana ukuba isindululo soQothu soHlaziyo asinikezeli ukukhuselwa kwizenzo ezingekho mthethweni, kwimeko apho uRobert McDonald wathumela iileta kumongameli namanye amagosa karhulumente achasa uBhaliso lukaDavid Smith njenge-U.S. igqwetha eliquka izityholo zobuxoki zokuqhatha, ukuqhatha kwamalungelo abantu, kunye nezinye izityholo.

Ilungelo lokucela aliphelelanga, ekubeni iintetho zokunyelisa zenziwe kwimeko yesicelo kurhulumente zingakuniki ukukhuselwa ngokupheleleyo kwisohlwayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoxa unokuzichaza iimbono zakho kunye nenkxalabo kubameli, usenza iingxelo zobuxoki ngokwaziyo ezonakalisa udumo lomntu zisenokukuchanaba kwityala loluntu.

Ukunyoba Nokunganyaniseki

Ukunika igosa le-odolo ukuba lihlawule ityala elithile loburhulumente kungamagunya okunyoba yaye lulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu lukarhulumente. Ngoxa abemi benokwenza iphulo leminikelo kwimida esemthethweni kwaye banokuxhasa izilangazelelo zabo, bezama ukuthenga ngqo ivoti yommeli okanye isenzo esisemthethweni asivumelekanga.

Ukungahoywa kwemisebenzi karhulumente

Ilungelo lakho lokucela urhulumente aliquki lungelo lokuqhutyelwa kwiOval ofisi nanini na xa uthanda. Xa unelungelo lokuqhagamshelana namagosa udibane ngoxolo, awunakuphazamisa imisebenzi karhulumente, ukumeneka kwiindawo ezithintelweyo, okanye ukuphazamisana namandla amagosa okwenza imisebenzi yawo.

INkundla Ephakamileyo iye yagqiba kwelokuba la malungelo amele ancitshiswe kwiinjongo zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo, ezinjengokugcina ucwangco nokhuseleko lukawonke - wonke, nto leyo enokubangela ulungelelwano olunzulu, yaye imiqathango karhulumente kule nkululeko idla ngokujamelana nocelomngeni.

Imiqathango Yexesha Elifanelekileyo, Indawo Neyoluntu

Amaqumrhu karhulumente angamisela imithetho esengqiqweni ngendlela nangexesha osebenzisa ngalo amalungelo akho esicelo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo yathi imiqathango esengqiqweni yexesha, indawo, kunye nendlela ezimiselwe ngayo iindibano zoluntu ezingokwesithethe ingumgaqo-mgaqo-siseko phantsi koMgaqo-siseko wokuqala, ukuba loo miqathango ithe yaneliswa ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye ilungelelaniswa ngokufutshane ukulungiselela izilangazelelo ezifanelekileyo zikarhulumente, nangona imiqathango "ingafuni migaqo engqongqo okanye encinane engqongqo" yokukhonza ezo njongo.

Ngokomzekelo, izakhiwo zikarhulumente zinokuba neenkqubo zokhuseleko, iiyure zokutyelela, kunye nemithetho malunga nendawo enokuthi kubekho imiboniso. Le miqathango iyavumelekile logama nje zingacaluli ngokwembono eboniswayo kwaye ziphumeze ukhuseleko olusemthethweni okanye iinjongo ezisebenzayo.

Owona Mqheliselo Ulungileyo Wonxibelelwano Olunempumelelo

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho asemthethweni linyathelo lokuqala. Ukwenza unxibelelwano lwakho nabameli lube luncedo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, landela ezi ndlela zisekelwe kubungqina ezibonisa ifuthe lemigudu yakho yobusela.

Zichaze Njengomntu Othanda Ukucinga

Abameli ngokuyintloko baya kuphendula kwimibutho yabo, kodwa ke, bazichaza ngokucacileyo njengomntu ozivotele okanye ochasene nabo kunyulo. Ngeli xesha uninzi lwabalawuli bonxibelelwano abamkelweyo bevela kwingingqi zabo ezithe ngqo, akukho mithetho ethintela ukudibana nabanye abamisi-mthetho, ingakumbi ukuba bakwizikhundla zokulawula.

Quka idilesi yakho kutyikityo lwakho, kwanakwi email, ngenxa yokuba abalawuli bemithetho baxakekile kwaye ngelixesha ungaze ufune impendulo, abanye abamisi-mthetho bazakuzinika ixesha lokubhala emva kodwa abakwazi ukuba awuyiquki idilesi yakho, kwaye kuquka idilesi yakho iphinde iqinisekise ukuba uyisekela.

Cacisa Uze Uchaze Ngokungqalileyo

Zichaze njengomququzeleli kunye nesizathu sokuba ubhale kumhlathi wokuqala ukugcina umyalezo wakho mfutshane, kwaye ukuba uyazi ityala ngegama okanye inani lamaphepha liyichaza kumhlathi wokuqala, okanye kwanelayini yokuqala. Abameli kunye nabasebenzi babo baphatha imiqulu emikhulu yonxibelelwano imihla ngemihla. Umyalezo ocacileyo, ocacileyo okhawuleza ukuchaza umngeni kunye nokuma kwakho kunokwenzeka ukuba ufundwe kwaye uqwalaselwe.

Lulungise ngokunempumelelo unxibelelwano lwakho:

  • Uvulelo: Umbuso obunguye, ukuba ungumntu, kunye nomba othile okanye umthetho owuthethayo
  • Body: Chaza indawo yakho kwaye nikeza izizathu ezifutshane zokuxhasa
  • Impembelelo yeyakho : Chaza indlela le mbambano ekuchaphazela ngayo wena, intsapho yakho, okanye uluntu lwakho
  • [[UMTLL:0] Isalathisi se ntshukumo: ichaza ngokucacileyo oko ufuna ummeli akwenze (ewe/hayi, umthetho wesiposo, njl.njl.)
  • Ichaza: Inkosi ngexesha labo kwaye iquka ulwazi lwakho loqhagamshelwano olupheleleyo

Lumkisa Isigidimi Sakho

Ukuba umthetho obhaliweyo ngawo uza kukuchaphazela, mxelele ummisi-mthetho ngawo uze ubhale ibali elifutshane ngoko umthetho uza kukwenzela wena nebutho lakho. Amabali obuqu anyanzelekile kakhulu kunokwenza iileta okanye iingongoma eziqhelekileyo zokuthetha. Banceda abameli baqonde impembelelo yehlabathi lokwenene yezigqibo.

Kuphephe ukukhuphela nokukhupha nje oonobumba abanikezelwe yimibutho ekhuthaza ukukhuthuza. Ngelixesha ezi zinokuba zisikhokelo eziluncedo, ulwenze lo myalezo ngamagama akho namava kwenza usebenze kakhulu. Iiofisi zabameli ziyakwazi ukuchaza lula uthungelwano oluvezwe lukhulu, kwaye imiyalezo ebhaliweyo yobuqu ifumana ingqalelo engakumbi.

Yiba Nentlonelo Uze Ube Nobuchule

Xa uqhagamshelana ngemfonomfono, yiba mfutshane kwaye ube nentlonelo, njengakunxulumano olufutshane nonxulumano lwe-99% kwiKhomishini, uza kuncokola nelungu lommisi-mthetho. Khumbula ukuba abasebenzi baziingcali ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo, kwaye basebenza njengabagcini-sango kummeli. Ukuba krwada okanye ukuba krwada kuya kukwenza buhlungu kuphela okwenzeleyo.

Kwanaxa ungavumelani ngokupheleleyo nesikhundla sommeli, gcina isandi esinentlonelo. Ungabonisa ukuphoxeka okanye ukungavumelani ngokuqinileyo ngaphandle kokubhenela kwintlaselo yobuqu okanye kulwimi olukralayo. Jonga kwimiba yenkqubo kunokuhlasela umntu.

Landela Ngokufanelekileyo

Emva kokuba udibene negosa elinyuliweyo, landela noko bakwenzayo qhatha ngendlela ofuna ngayo, qwalasela ukubhala iphetshana elifutshane lokuqinisekisa indlela iziphumo eziza kukuchaphazela ngayo, kwaye ukuba ummisi-mthetho wakho akakhethanga ngendlela ofuna ngayo, qwalasela ukuqhagamshelana nabo kwaye ngokunentlonelo uchaze ukudana kwakho, ukhankanya nayiphina incwadi elandelayo oyibhale phambi kokuba uvote.

Ukulandela kusebenza iinjongo ezininzi. Kubonisa ukuba ungummeli othembisiweyo onikela ingqalelo kwizenzo zabameli babo. Ndiyabulela ngevoti ozixhasayo ukunceda uqinise isimilo esihle, ngelixesha amazwi abonakalisa intlonelo okuphoxeka ngenxa yokuvota okuchasayo abonisa ukuba uzibeka esweni.

Ukulungisa Imibandela

Qhagamshelana nabameli bakho xa igalelo lakho linokwenza umahluko. Awona maxesha anokuba nemiphumo emihle ukufikelela kwi-ofisi equka:

  • Phambi kwevoti zekomiti: Xa umthetho uqwalaselwa kwikomiti, phambi kokuba ifikelele kwigumbi elipheleleyo
  • phambi kwevoti zomgangatho: Ngeentsuku ezikhokelela kwivoti kwindlu okanye kumgangatho weCathenal
  • Ngexesha lomsebenzi odityanisiweyo: Xa iChunga lisesakheni kwaye abameli bekwizithili zabo
  • Ngexesha leeholo zedolophu: Xa abameli beqhuba iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ukuva ukusuka kwi

Kuphephe ukunxibelelana nabameli ngexesha lokucima izibane phambi konyulo, xa unxibelelwano olusemthethweni luthintelwe ekusetyenzisweni koovimba bephulo.

Khetha Indlela Esekunene

Iimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano:

  • umnxeba wePhone: Elunge kakhulu kwimbambano ezi caphukela ngexesha okanye xa ufuna ukubhalisa ngokukhawuleza indawo yakho
  • Ii-email: Kulungile ukunikezela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha ezininzi kwaye ukwenza irekhodi ebhaliweyo
  • Oonobumba abathe ngqingqwa: banokuma ngaphandle ngexesha lamanani kwaye babonise umgudu owongezelelweyo
  • Kwintlanganiso-ezincinci: eyona mpembelelo ininzi kwimiba entsonkothileyo okanye xa unobuchule obabelana ngayo
  • Iiholo ze-' ziyasebenza ukubuza imibuzo ekuhleni nokuva impendulo yommeli
  • I-media ye- Iluncedo kuluntu lonke kunye nenkxaso ebanzi, nangona ingenamandla kakhulu kwiingxoxo zenkqubo ezineenkcukacha

Ukuqonda Ityala Leengqungquthela

Ngaphandle kokukhuthaza izikhundla zenkqubo, abaququzeleli bangafuna uncedo kubameli babo abaneengxaki ezibandakanya abameli borhulumente. Lo msebenzi wenkonzo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yi-casses," yinxenye ebalulekileyo yemisebenzi yengqungquthela.

Yintoni Ingxaki?

Abasebenzi bamatyala eKhomishini basoloko beqhubana nezicelo ezininzi zombutho kanye, besebenza phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu oluvela kubo bobabini abaqeshiweyo kunye nabo basebenza bejongene neziphumo ezifike ngexesha nezanelisayo, kwaye abanye abasebenzi bequmrhu bavakalisa unxunguphalo lokuba abameli basenokuthatha iinyanga ukuphendula, ukuba, nangona, nangona, abasebenzi bebonisa ukuba bakhetha amaqumrhu asabela kwisicelo ngasinye, kwanokuba impendulo ikukungakwazi okanye ayiyi kunikela uncedo oluceliweyo.

Ingxelo ibandakanya ukunceda abaququzeleli ukuba bafumane imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente nokucombulula iingxaki nabasemagunyeni bakarhulumente.

  • Inkxaso yoKhuseleko loLuntu namatyala esiphene
  • Imicimbi yeMedicare neMidlalo
  • I-APP, i-CPF, i-CPF, i-CPF, i-CPF, i-CPF, i-CPF,
  • Ingxaki yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe
  • Imibandela yerhafu
  • Imali-mboleko yabafundi yomanyano
  • Imibandela yabasebenzi basemkhosini
  • Inkonzo yeSebe leLizwe ne-Passport

Oko Abameli Banokukwenza Nangokungenakukwenza

Phambi kokungenelela nombutho karhulumente, ilungu kufuneka liqwalasele iimfanelo zomzekelo wombutho; uhlobo lombutho obandakanyekileyo; uhlobo lwemeko zombutho; nokuba iofisi ingenza inkonzo efanayo nakweyiphi na indawo efanayo; umlinganiselo apho isenzo esicetyiweyo okanye ipateni lesenzo siphambuka kuqheliselo lwe-ofisi oluqhelekileyo; kwaye, ukuba ilungu okanye umqeshwa uyazi ukuba umntu unikela, imbali yeminikelo ngomnikeli kunye nokusondelelana kwemali kunye nesenzo.

Abameli banokumela:

  • Isicelo senkcazelo okanye irejista yengxelo evela kumaziko
  • Ukukhuthaza ukuqwalasela imeko yakho
  • Lungisa udliwano - ndlebe okanye ukumiselwa kwamagosa eziko
  • Ukunceda uqonde iinkqubo neemfuno zeziko
  • qinisekisa ukuba imeko yakho ilungiswa kakuhle
  • Ukucingisisa ngesicelo

Abameli abanako:

  • Ukuqinisekisa imiphumo ethile
  • Ukungasebenzisi izigqibo zeziko ezisekelwe kumthetho okanye kumgaqo
  • Yenza abameli baphule imithetho yabo
  • Nika umelo olusemthethweni
  • Inkxaso yezopolitiko okanye iminikelo esekelwe kwinkxaso yezopolitiko

Indlela Yokucela Uncedo Oluvela Kubantu Abagulayo

Ukucela uncedo lwamatyala kwiofisi yommeli wakho:

  1. Ukudibana neofisi yesithili: Umsebenzi wonobumba uphathwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngabasebenzi kwiofisi yesithili yobulali yommeli kunokuba i-Washington, D.C.
  2. Iprojectde epheleleyo: Quka igama lakho elipheleleyo, idilesi, inombolo yefowuni, kunye neenkcukacha ngengxaki
  3. UStyiso lwe-open assion ukhupho: Uzakufuna ukugunyazisa iofisi yommeli ukuxoxa ngetyala lakho nesibonelelo esinxulumene nalo
  4. Amaxwebhu enkxaso: Nika amaphepha (hayi ezokuqala) onxibelelwano olufanelekileyo, amanani okuzisholo, kunye namanye amaxwebhu
  5. Yiba nomonde: iimpendulo ze-arhente zingathatha ixesha, kwaye i-ofisi yommeli izakugcina uhlaziyiwe kwinkqubela-phambili
  6. Gcina ukulindela okusengqiqweni: Uqonda ukuba i-ofisi inganceda ekuqhubeni indlela kodwa ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa isiphumo osinqwenelayo

Ukukhathalelwa Okukhethekileyo Kwamaqondo Ahlukeneyo Karhulumente

Ngoxa eli nqaku ligxininisa ngokuyintloko kubameli besizwe, ilungelo lokucela lifikelela kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente.

Abameli Abamanyeneyo

Abameli bamafakelane baquka iiSenator zakho ezimbini zase-U.S. kunye nomnye ummeli wase-U.S. ngamnye ugcina iiofisi eWashington, D.C. nakummandla wasekhaya okanye kwisithili. Ucwangciso lommeli luxakekile kakhulu, luqala ekuseni ngentelekelelo yezihloko, nabameli abaninzi abahamba ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweentlanganiso zecaucus kunye neekomiti kunye namava, ukuvota kwiindleko, ukuthetha nee-accons kunye namanye amaqela, kunye nokulungisa ii-imeyili, izihlanganisi neengxelo ezahlukeneyo, ngokuqhubeka kusasazo okanye iziganeko zemali.

Abameli bomanyano banezona zixhobo zininzi zabasebenzi ezinikezelwa kwintsebenziswano kunye nomsebenzi woonotyala. Kwakhona baneyona mithetho icwangcisiweyo kunye neenkqubo ezilawula unxibelelwano lwabo nabaququzeleli.

AbaLawuli beSizwe

Abenzi bemithetho yesizwe bakumela kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe yakho (ngokusisiseko ebizwa ngokuba yiNdlu yeNtsimbi yeSizwe neNdlu yeRhulumente yabameli, iNdibano, okanye iNdlu yeeNdlu zabaBathunywa). Amalungu asenokunceda abameli ekuqhubaneni kwabo namaqumrhu karhulumente, kwaye unxibelelwano lwabo lufanele lunamathele kwimigaqo efanayo eqhelekileyo ekhokelela ekunxibelelaneni kwabo namaqumrhu karhulumente.

Abamisi-mthetho baseburhulumenteni badla ngokuba nabasebenzi abancinane kunabameli besizwe yaye basenokuba ngabamisi-mthetho abakwinxalenye yexesha kunye neminye imisebenzi. Noko ke, banokufumaneka ngokungqalileyo ngakumbi kwimibutho kunye nemibandela enokuchaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, njengemfundo, ezothutho, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho wasekuhlaleni.

Amagosa asekuhlaleni

Amagosa asekuhlaleni aquka amalungu ebhunga lesixeko, ookhomishinari bephondo, oosodolophu, amalungu ebhodi yesikolo, namanye amagosa kamasipala. Aba bameli basoloko bengababona bafikelelekayo kwaye kulula ukudibana nabo. Amagosa asekuhlaleni asingatha imicimbi enjengendawo, irhafu yasekuhlaleni, izikolo, iinkonzo zamapolisa kunye neenkonzo zomlilo, kunye neenkonzo zikamasipala.

Oorhulumente abaninzi basekuhlaleni abanayo imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yokunxibelelana, kwaye ungakwazi ukuthetha ngqo kwiintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ngexesha elichaziweyo. Khangela i-webhsayithi karhulumente wakho yasekuhlaleni ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zeentlanganiso neenkqubo zokuphendula zikawonke-wonke.

Ukubaluleka Kwelungelo Elifanelekileyo Lembali

Ukuqonda umongo wembali welungelo lokucela kuyanceda ekukhanyeni isizathu sokuba le nkululeko ibaluleke kangaka kwidemokhrasi yaseMerika nendlela eye yasetyenziswa ngayo ukuhambisela phambili iinguqulelo kwintlalo kulo lonke imbali yohlanga.

Imvelaphi Yamarhamente Nokusekwa Kwawo

Isibhengezo senkululeko esathunyelwa kuKumkani waseNgilani uGeorge III ngo1776 sasisisicelo sokufuna utshintsho kwindlela olulawulwa ngayo olo hlanga, kwanokungavumi kwelaseNgilani ukucinga kwalolo tshintsho kwabangela imfazwe yendaleko kunye nozimele-mpumlo kweMelika. Abaseki bamava karhulumente abangavumiyo ukuva izikhalazo zabo babephembelela ngokungqalileyo isigqibo sabo sokukhusela eso sicelo kwiSindululo sokuQala.

Abaseki besizwe bajonga inkululeko yokucela njengeyona nkululeko ibalulekileyo, beyijonga njengendlela yokukhusela inkululeko yethu yonke, eyimfuneko kwinkqubo karhulumente yokuzihambela. Oku kubonisa ukuqonda ukuba ngaphandle kobuchule bokunxibelelana norhulumente nokufuna izikhalazo, amanye amalungelo aba nzima ukukhusela nokunyanzelisa.

Iphulo Lokucela Isicelo Esichasene Nekhoboka

Enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokufaka isicelo kwisicelo sokulwa nobukhoboka yenzeka ekulweni neNdlu yabameli yaseUnited States yazaliswa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee - 1800 ngezicelo zokuphelisa ubukhoboka eUnited States, yaye iinkokeli zeNdlu zasabela ngokumisela imithetho ukususela ngowe - 1836 ethi le Ndlu yayingasayi kuphinda isamkele izibongozo eziphathelele lo mbandela, indawo eyashiywa ngowe - 1844 njengengathangagosangagosayo.

Ukususela ngo1836, iNdlu yabameli yamkela uthotho lwemithetho yegag eyathi ngokuzenzekela yazigcina ngokungenasiphelo zonke izibongozo ezichasene nobukhoboka yaza yavala ingxubusho yabo, kunye neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNgwevu ithatha isenzo esifanayo, de obengumongameli John Quincy Adams kunye nabanye abameli ekugqibeleni baphumeze ukuphinda kulwano kwale mithetho ngo19444, ngesiseko sokuba yayichasene nelungelo lomgaqo-siseko urhulumente lokulungisa izikhalo."

Esi siganeko sibonisa amandla esi sibongozo esilungileyo nokubaluleka kokusikhusela kwanaxa izibongozo zithetha impikiswano okanye zibangela ukungathandwa. Ukwenziwa kwemithetho erhabaxa ekugqibeleni kwabonisa ukoyisa kwemigaqo yomgaqo-siseko kukhuselwa imigaqo yezopolitiko.

Intshukumo yamabhinqa ephazamisayo

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sembali yelizwe, amabhinqa akakwazanga ukuvota kwaye kumazwe amaninzi akakwazanga ukusayina izivumelwano okanye amanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni ngokwawo, kwaye isicelo sokuxhasa i-amabhinqa sisuka kwintlanganiso eSeneca Falls, eNew York, ngo-1848. Isicelo samalungelo amabhinqa sawavumela ukuba akhuthaze izilangazelelo zawo nangaphambi kokuba abe nelungelo lokuvota, ebonisa indlela le nkululeko enokuthi iwanyanzelise ngayo amaqela aphulwe.

Iqela lamalungelo asekuhlaleni nangaphaya

Xa isetyenziswa kunye nezinye iinkululeko kuMphetho wokuqala – unqulo, intetho, ushicilelo kunye nesibongozo – iye yaba sisixhobo esinamandla esiye saxhasa utshintsho lwentlalo ukusuka ekuzalweni kohlanga lwethu ukuya kuphelisa ubukhoboka, ukunyanzelisa ukufuduka kwamabhinqa nokuxhasa iPolitiki Rights Movement. Kwimbali yaseMerika, amaqela aphantsi aye asebenzisa ilungelo lokucela ukunconywa, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo, kunye nokusesikweni.

Umbutho wamalungelo abantu woo1950 nawowee1960 wadibanisa izibongozo, imibhiyozo, ukubhena, kunye nokucelw'ityala ukucel'ilwa ucalulo kunye nocalucalulo. Abenzi bemithetho basebenzisa yonke indlela ekhoyo yokucela urhulumente (ukusuka kwiileta kunye nemfonomfono ukuya kumema iinkundla zetyala kunye nokuhlala phantsi kwetyala lamazwe (*) ukuya kufuna utshintsho. Le ndlela idibeneyo yokusebenzisa amalungelo okucela ekugqibeleni yakhokelela kumthetho obalulekileyo njengoMthetho we-Ovinity Rights ka-1964 kunye noMthetho we-1965.

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje Nobugcisa Obuguqukayo

Iminyaka yolu qikelelo iye yatshintsha indlela abemi abasebenzisa ngayo amalungelo abo, nto leyo eye yabangela ukuba kubekho amathuba amatsha nocelomngeni olutsha lokunxibelelana.

Imvukelo Yonxibelelwano Yamanani

Amalungu aqalisa ukusebenzisa uthungelwano lwezibonelelo ze-elektroniki ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle konxibelelwano phakathi koo19990, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali ye-odolo nge-oyile njengoko iindlela ezintsha zonxibelelwano ziqala, ii-ofisi ziguqulelwe kwinkqubo ye-imeyili efanayo, uphuhliso lwewebhsayithi nganye yelungu ngalinye luqalisile, kunye ne-Ibhsayithi yethala leeKhompathi ye-THOMAS eyaziswa ukwenza ukuba i-U.S. Congressons ikwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle ne-oocessis.

Ukutshintshela kwothungelwano lwamanani kuye kwenza ukuba kube lula ukunxibelelana nabameli kunanini na ngaphambili. Abami bayakwazi ngoku ukuthumela ii-imeyili, iiposi kwi-media yezentlalo, ukuba nenxaxheba kwiiholo ze-intanethi, nokufikelela ulwazi malunga nomthetho kunye neengxelo zokuvota zabameli ngokucofa nje okumbalwa. Oku kusetyenziswa kolawulo-melo lwedemokhrasi kubangele ukuba abantu abaninzi babe nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobupolitika.

Amajelo Onxibelelwano Asetyenziswa Kuluntu

Ijelo leendaba elingoorhulumente aliyondawo yokunxibelelana nemicimbi yezentlalo yaye uMmiselo Wokuqala awusebenzi kwijelo leendaba kuba umniniyo yaye uyalawulwa, yaye akukho ntshukumo yorhulumente, nangona intetho, intetho, kunye nesicelo zitshintshiwe kumajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni, ziphakamisa imibuzo yokuba ngaba ingcaciso yento yoluntu esetyenziswa ngurhulumente ifanele ihlaziywe kusini na nokuba kumele kubekho umgaqo karhulumente kusini na, yaye amajelo oluntu anokutshintshwa abe yindawo yoluntu esebenzisa urhulumente kunye nemigaqo yokuLamla iGalisa Yokuqala.

Ityala le-Prommentation First Amendment Institute v. Trump lafumanisa ukuba xa amagosa karhulumente esebenzisa iingxelo zezentlalo-ntle-ndaba ukwenzela iinjongo ezisemthethweni, ezo ngxelo zinokuba zezombutho-ndaba zoluntu apho kusetyenziswa khona ukhuseleko loMphengululo wokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagosa akanakuvala imigaqo edityanisiweyo okanye asuse amagqabaza asekelwe kwimbono, nangona esenokunyanzelisa imithetho enxulumene noko kuxhathisa ukukhathazwa okanye ukuthotywa kwe-demoni.

Ucelomngeni Lobukhulu Nokunyaniseka

Ukulula konxibelelwano lwamanani kuye kwadala ucelomngeni kwii-ofisi zabameli. Ngoku bafumana uthungelwano oluninzi kunangaphambili, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphendula ngamnye ngamnye. Amaphulo e-imeyili, iibhoti ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ngamnye, kunye nemigudu yezentlalo-ntle yonxibelelwano ingenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuba amalizwi omntu onyanisekileyo aviwe.

Kungoko uthungelwano oluzimeleyo lubaluleke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili. Abameli baneenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokwahlula nokunika uthungelwano oluyinyani kumsebenzi owenziwa ngobuninzi boonobumba okanye imiyalezo ezenzekelayo.

Inkxalabo Yobucala Neyokhuseleko

Amalungu eBhunga-ngqungquthela, abasebenzi babo, kunye namaqumrhu abawasebenzisayo kufuneka athobele imithetho nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo elawula inkcazelo enokukhutshwa kwiqela lesithathu. Xa uqhagamshelana nabameli okanye ufuna uncedo lwamatyala, lumka xa kufuneka unikele inkcazelo yakho siqu kunye nokukhutshwa kobuqu. Iiofisi zekomkhulu lemibutho ziya kuba neenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokusingatha le nkcazelo, kodwa ulumke ngokunika ugcino-lwazi lobuqu oluchukumileyo ngemijelo engakhuselwanga.

Ukuncitshiswa Kwempembelelo Yakho: Ubuchule

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kunye nokunxibelelana nabameli kubalulekile, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziluncedo kunokukwandisa impembelelo yakho kuze kwandise amathuba okufikelela usukelo lwakho.

Yakha Ulwalamano Ekuhambeni Kwexesha

Okukhona usenza ulwalamano lwakho nommisi-mthetho, kokukhona ileta yakho okanye i-imeyili iza kuba namandla. Musa ukuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho xa ufuna into ethile okanye ungavumelani nabo. Yakha ulwalamano oluqhubekayo nge:

  • Ukubabulela xa bethabatha izikhundla zokuxhasa
  • Ukuya kwiiholo zedolophu nakwiziganeko zoluntu
  • Ukuba uyabaxhasa, badla ngokuzinikela ngokuzithandela kwiphulo labo
  • Ukuthetha ngendlela eyakhayo kwanaxa ningavumelani
  • Ukwabelana ngobuchule bakho kwimicimbi enxulumene nomsebenzi okanye amava akho

Abameli nabasebenzi babo badla ngokunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kunxibelelwano oluvela kubantu abathi bathembisene, baxelelwe, yaye baqiqa.

Ulungelelwaniso nabanye

Ngoxa unxibelelwano ngalunye lubalulekile, ukulungelelaniswa konxibelelwano kusenokuba namandla angakumbi. Khawuqwalasele oku:

  • Idibanise imibutho yempangelo: Amaqela ajoliswe kwimiba ozikhathaleleyo anganika ulwazi, oovimba, kunye namathuba entshukumo alungelelanisiweyo
  • Ukudibanisa nabamelwane: Iqela le-actricity ukusuka kwisithili esinye lithwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kunabantu abasebenza bodwa
  • ekuhloleleni iintlanganiso kunye: Ukuzisa iqela elithile eliza kudibana nommeli okanye abasebenzi balo kubonisa inkxalabo yoluntu
  • Ixesha lokudibanisa: Ukuba nee-actricity ezininzi ziqhagamshelana ne-ofisi ngexesha elinye kumbandela omnye kubonisa uqhubeko nobukhulu boxaso

Ngoko, phepha nje ukuphuphuma kwe ofisi ngohlobo olufanayo loonobumba. Ukudibanisa igalelo kusebenza kakhulu xa umntu ngamnye edibanisa ilizwi lakhe nombono kumyalezo owabelweyo.

Iziqhagamshelanisi Ezininzi Ezisemgangathweni

Musa ukuthembela kwindlela enye yonxibelelwano. Indlela ebanzi yokusebenzisa iziyobisi isenokuquka:

  • Ukubiza i-ofisi ukuba ibhalise indawo yakho
  • Ilandela nge-imeyile okanye unobumba onenkcukacha
  • Ndisiya kwiholo yedolophu ukuze ndibuze imibuzo esidlangalaleni
  • Ukucela intlanganiso kwilungu lesibini elikwimeko entsonkothileyo
  • Ukusebenzisa amajelo okunxibelelana ukuze kuphandwe
  • Ukubhalela umhleli okanye ii-op-ep ukubumba uluvo loluntu
  • Ukuvavanywa kweekomiti xa kuyimfuneko

Ijelo ngalinye likhuthaza abanye lize libonise ukuba lithembisene ngokuqhubekayo ngalo mbandela.

Yazi Inkqubo Yomthetho

Ubuchule obunempumelelo bufuna ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo ngeNgqungquthela okanye indlu yowiso-mthetho karhulumente. Iingongoma ezingundoqo kwinkqubo apho imicimbi edityanisiweyo equkwa kakhulu yiyo:

  • Isehlo se- abameli boqhagamshelwano ukubakhuthaza ukuba bazise okanye umthetho we co-sponsor
  • Ukuqwalasela: Ukujolisa kumalungu ekomiti, ingakumbi isitulo, njengoko begqiba ukuba iindleko zihamba phambili kusini na
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuva: Isicelo sokungqina okanye ukunikezela ubungqina obubhaliweyo
  • Committee vota: Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokugqithisileyo phambi kokuba ikomiti ivote iphembele iziphumo
  • [[UMTL:0] Uqwalaselo lwendawo ebanzi: Qhagamshelana nabo bonke abameli njengoko ityala lifika kwigumbi elipheleleyo lokuvota
  • Iikomiti zeConference: Xa iinguqulelo zendlu nendlu yeCandelo zahlukile, uqhagamshelano lusebenza ukuxolelanisa
  • udluliso oluphakathi: Yenza izibheno zokugqibela phambi kwevoti epheleleyo

Ukwazi ukuba ityala liphi kule nkqubo kukunceda ujolise imigudu yakho yokuzikhohlisa ngokunempumelelo uze uqhagamshelane nabantu abafanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Nika Ulwazi Oluluncedo

Abameli kunye nabasebenzi babo baxabisa ulwazi oluluncedo nobuchule. Ukuba unolwazi lwezakhono, amava obuqu, okanye ugcino-lwazi lwasekuhlaleni olunxulumene nengxaki, luxubushe. Ungathi:

  • Chaza indlela inkqubo karhulumente echaphazela ngayo ishishini lakho okanye ushishino lwakho
  • Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo
  • Chaza imiphumo engacwangciswanga yemithetho ekhoyo
  • Izicombululo ezisebenzisekayo ezisekelwe kumava akho
  • Unxulumano olupheleleyo

Ukuba ngumthombo othembekileyo wenkcazelo kwimibandela ngobuchule bakho kungakwenza ube ngumthombo obalulekileyo weofisi yommeli wakho.

Oovimba Bokulawula Abami

Zininzi izinto ezikhoyo ezinokukunceda usebenzise ilungelo lakho lokucela urhulumente ngokunempumelelo. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunokukwenza uphucule imigudu yakho yokusebenza kakuhle uze uhlale wazi ngemibandela namathuba okuganana.

Ukufumana Abameli Bakho

Ngaphambi kokuba uqhagamshelane nabameli bakho kufuneka wazi ukuba bangoobani.

  • .gov: Iwebhsayithi esemthethweni ye-U.S. inika ulwazi olubanzi ngomthetho wesizwe, imisebenzi yeekomiti, nendlela yokuqhagamshelana nabaququzeleli bakho nabameli
  • Indlu.gov kunye neNdlu yeQela.gov: ezisemthethweni zee-website zeNdlu neCathenari ezinamalungu oovimba beefayili
  • USA.gov: urhulumente we-web esemthethweni worhulumente wengingqi udibanisa izixhobo zokufumana amagosa akho anyuliweyo kuwo onke amanqanaba
  • Ii-website zendlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe: Umbuso ngamnye ugcina ii-website ezinolwazi ngabamisi-mthetho bakarhulumente nendlela yokunxibelelana nabo
  • Ii-website zikarhulumente zalapha: iziXeko neewebhu zephondo ziquka ulwazi lokuqhagamshelana namagosa onyuliweyo obulali

Umthetho olandelela

Ukuze uphumelele, kufuneka uhlale wazi umthetho ofanelekileyo:

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Conrer.gov: Ukukhangela amatyala, ulandelela inkqubela phambili yawo, funda umbhalo opheleleyo, kwaye bona iirekhodi zokuvota
  • GovTrack.us: Yiwebhsayithi engeyoyarhulumente eyenza ulwazi lombutho lufikeleleke, ngeempawu zokulandelela nokuphaphamisa
  • Iiwebsite zendlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe: Uninzi lwamazwe luneenkqubo ezifanayo zokulandelela umthetho wezwe
  • Ii-website ze-Committee: iKongrestiont kunye nekomiti yowiso-mthetho yorhulumente emva kocwangciso lokuva, ubungqina, kunye nolunye ulwazi

Imibutho yobusela

Iintlangano ezigxininise kwimibandela ethile zinokuyixhasa ngokunexabiso imigudu yakho yokukhuthuza:

  • Amacandelo azimeleyo: Amaqumrhu asebenza kwizizathu ozikhathalelayo ngokusoloko enika ingqwalasela, inqaku lokuthetha, namathuba okuququzelela
  • Imanyano yomsebenzi: Imisebenzi emininzi ineemanyano ezikhuthaza kwiimfuno zenkqubo ezifanelekileyo
  • Imibutho yekomyunithi: Amaqela asekuhlaleni asoloko esebenza kwimicimbi echaphazela uluntu lwakho kwaye anokukhulisa ilizwi lakho
  • Imibutho yemfundo ye-pivic:[ Amaqela afana noManyano lwaManyano lwaMabhinqa anika ulwazi olungelulo iparatiss malunga norhulumente nendlela yokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo

Oovimba Bemfundo

Ukuqonda indlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo kukwenza ukwazi ukuthethelela:

  • Inkonzo yophando lonikezelo-lwazi olukhoyo: Ifumaneka kwiNgqungquthela.gov, ezi zinika uhlalutyo olungeyonxalenye yenkalo
  • Iingxelo ze-ofisi yoManga yoLawulo loMgaqo-siseko: uphicotho-zincwadi oluzimeleyo kunye nohlolo lweenkqubo zezwelonke
  • Ii-website zobuGcisa: amasebe oManyano anika ulwazi malunga nemimiselo, iinkqubo, nendlela yokuthabatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni ulawulo
  • Amaziko okubopha amaqumrhu oluntu: Iiyunivesithi ezininzi zinika ubuncwane kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ukuthathi-nxaxheba kwabemi
  • izibonelelo zobubhaka-bhaka: amathala eencwadi oluntu nowemfundo asoloko enamaxwebhu karhulumente noncedo lophando olukhoyo

Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluninzi ngamalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko nendlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo, tyelela ugcino-lwazi lwelizwe ukuze uhlole iBhili yamaLungelo namanye amaxwebhu asekwayo, okanye jonga kwi i-Cunition Ancomentality [ ukwenzela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemiqathango yesiseko kuquka isindululo soQala sokuHlulisa.

Isiphelo: Ilizwi Lakho Libalulekile

Kwanengcamango yokuba kukho urhulumente, irepublic, ibonisa ilungelo lokuba abemi bayo badibane ngoxolo ukuze badibane kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke baze bacele ukubuyiselwa kwezikhalazo. Lo mgaqo, omiselwe ekusekweni kweRiphabliki yaseMerika, usabalulekile nanamhlanje njengokuba wawunjalo kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidlulileyo.

Ilungelo lakho lokuqhagamshelana nabameli bakho alingobuchule bomthetho kuphela.

Imithetho ekhusela ilungelo lakho lokucela inamandla kwaye ibanzi. IsiHlamli soQoqo-qhinga sokuqala siqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente akanakukuthintela ekuqhagamshelaneni nabameli bakho okanye ukohlwaya ngokwenza oko. Imithetho nemigangatho yekomyutha inika isiseko sendlela abameli abafanele baphendule ngayo kwiingxoxo ezinxulumeneyo nabancedisi ekuchongeni amatyala. Izigqibo zenkundla ziye zandisa ezi ndlela zokukhusela unxibelelwano lwale mihla, kuquka amacandelo eewebhusayithi kunye namajelo eendaba.

Kwangaxeshanye, la malungelo eza neembopheleleko. Ukuwasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo amalungelo kufuna ukwazi, ukuhlonela, ukusoloko usenza izinto. Kuthetha ukuqonda inkqubo yowiso-mthetho, ukukhulisa unxibelelwano lwakho, ukwakha ulwalamano lwakho ngokuhamba kwexesha, nokusebenzisana nabanye abasabelana ngeengxaki zakho. Kuthetha ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho phakathi kwemida esemthethweni, ukuphepha ukusongelwa okanye ukukhathazwa, nokubandakanyeka ngokwakhayo kwananabo bangavumelani nawe.

Kwixesha lokwahlukana kwezobupolitika nokungathembani okusasazekileyo ngorhulumente, kulula ukuvakalelwa kukuba amazwi omntu ngamnye akanto yanto. Kodwa imbali ibonisa okuchaseneyo. Umbutho ngamnye omkhulu wentlalo kwimbali yaseMelika uye waxhomekeka kubemi abaqhelekileyo abasebenzisa ilungelo labo lokucela urhulumente. Utshintsho lungafane luzenzeke ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa luqhubekeke, luzinzile, luye lwaguqula ibutho labantu baseMelika ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Abameli bakho bayakusebenzela. Baya kuphendula kuwe nakwabanye abameli ngonyulo. Nangona bengenakusoloko bevumelana nawe okanye bevota ngendlela othanda ngayo, kufuneka beve kuwe ukuze baqonde inkxalabo yakho, izinto eziza kuqala, kunye nempembelelo yokwenene yehlabathi yezigqibo zabo. Kwanaxa usemngciphekweni omncinane, usenza ilizwi lakho live ukuba imbono yakho iyinxalenye yencoko nengxelo yemithetho.

Nokuba ngaba uxhasa utshintsho lwenkqubo, ufuna uncedo ngengxaki yombutho wesizwe, okanye ufuna nje ukuvakalisa iimbono zakho kwimiba yangoku, unelungelo namandla okwenza ukuba ilizwi lakho liviwe. Imithetho isecaleni lakho, iziqhagamshelanisi zivuliwe, kwaye izixhobo ziyafumaneka. Into efunekayo kukuganana kwakho, ilizwi lakho, kunye nokuzimisela kwakho ukuba nenxaxheba kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Musani ukulinda ixesha eligqibeleleyo okanye umba ogqibeleleyo. Qala ngoku. Bachaze abameli benu, funda ngemibandela engombandela kuni, nize nifikelele kwisikhundla esiphezulu. Yiya kwiholo yedolophu. Bhala ileta. Nceda umnxeba. Nxulumane nabanye abanoxanduva lwakho. Inxaxheba yakho yomeleza idemokhrasi kwaye iqinisekise ukuba urhulumente uyaqhubeka esabela kubantu abakhonzayo.

Ilungelo lokucela urhulumente lilungelo lakho. Sebenzisa. Ilizwi lakho libalulekile, inkxalabo yakho ifanelekile, yaye ukuba nenxaxheba kwakho kuyawenza umahluko. Ekusebenziseni le nkululeko isisiseko, uyawuhlonela umbono wabaseki, qhubeka nomsebenzi wezizukulwana zabaxhasi ababakho ngaphambi kwakho, yaye nceda ekulungiseni ikamva ledemokhrasi yaseMerika.