Ubugcisa bamanzi akrelekrele nomgaqo - siseko wabo

Amanzi acocekileyo aba ngomnye wezona zinto zixinezelekileyo kulo mhlaba. Izibonelelo zokwaluphala, ukwanda kwabemi, kunye nemozulu ebangela imbalela zityhalela iinkqubo zokusasaza amanzi ngexesha lazo. Ekuphenduleni, inani elandayo lezixeko kunye nezikhephe zijika zisiya kutsho [ zisebenzisa amanzi akwiziteksi ezitheza amanzi [[]]] iinkqubo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo ezihlola, zihlalutya, kwaye zilawula iinkqubo zamanzi ngexesha lokwenene. Ezi ndlela zobugcisa zithembisa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukuphucula ukuthembeka, kwaye zinceda ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla namanzi. Kanti ukusetyenziswa kwazo okugqithisileyo kuphakamisa imibuzo yabenzi benkqubo ejikelezayo, ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwemali, ukusetyenziswa kwemali, nokudibanisa ukwenziwa kwamanani. Eli nqaku liqinisekisa imeko-nkqubo yamanzi, imigaqo elungele ukusetyenziswa, kwaye lilungele ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwixesha elizayo.

Ziziphi Iindlela Zobugcisa Zamanzi Ezichuliweyo?

Igridi yamanzi ekrelekrele yinkqubo edityanisiweyo yemivo, i-nethwekhi yonxibelelwano, i-data edityanisiweyo, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo ezisebenza kunye ukulawula usasazo lwamanzi ngokuchanekileyo okungalinganiyo. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo zamanzi eziqhelekileyo ezixhomekeke kufundo lwezandla kunye nolungiso olusebenzayo, imigca ekrelekrele inika ukubonakala okuqhubekayo kwimisebenzi yomsebenzi womnatha wonke. Zivumela izithintelo zokukhupha iingxingo ngemizuzu kunokuba zisetyenziswe ziinyanga, zisebenzisanabophelele ummiselo osekelwe kwimfuno zexesha lokwenene, kwaye ziqikelela ukuba izinto ezisebenza zingasebenzi phambi kokuba ziphazamise umsebenzi.

Le ngcamango yakha kwi-Internet yezinto ezifanayo (IoT) nemigaqo yogcino-lwazi exhasa iigridi zombane ezikrelekrele, kodwa isebenza kwiimpawu ezizodwa zomzimba nezomsebenzi wezibonelelo zamanzi. Isiphumo sisixokelelwano esinokuzitshintsha ngamandla iimeko, silondoloze amanzi, sinciphise iindleko zokusebenza, kwaye siphucule inkonzo yabathengi.

Amalungu angundoqo eGridi Yamanzi Abukekayo

Izakhono zoluvo neMiqathango eBanzi

Izivo eziqhubela phambili ngamehlo neendlebe zegridi yamanzi echuliweyo. Ezi ziquka uluvo loxinzelelo , ububanzi beemitha , [[[FLT:]] i-ault compomposing reconficial [[[FLT:]], [[FLT]] ireversting alsureatingsssssssssss [[[FLT], etruit, etruid, netton). Iimitha ezifakwe kubathengi zinika uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye noluvo olunokusetyenziswa ekufumaneni kwe-amathetho.

Inethwekhi yonxibelelwano logcino-lwazi

Izixhobo zoluvo neemitha zidlulisela ugcino-lwazi ngeselilane, iLoRaWan, okanye iinethwekhi zikanomathotholo ezinikezelweyo kwiqonga elisembindini. Kulawulo lokwenene, unxibelelwano olusezantsi lubalulekile. Iinqanawa ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo zisebenzisa iLTE yabucala okanye imibutho ye 5G ukuxhasa ububanzi kunye neemfuno ezithembekileyo zamawaka eencam.

Izinto ezizinzileyo zogcino-lwazi kunye nobuntlola obenziweyo

Ugcino-lwazi olukrwada olusuka kulwazi lungaphazanyiswa ngaphandle kolwazi oluntsonkothileyo lwe-software ukutolika. Ii-platfomu ezisetyenziswa ngumatshini wokufunda i-algorithms ukuchonga iipateni ezibonisa ukuvuza, ukuqhushumbisa, okanye iziganeko zokungcoliseka. Zikwavelisa iimodeli ezithelekelelwayo kwimfuno yamanzi, ezenza ukuba izinto eziluncedo ukulawula ukugcina nokumpompa ngamandla. Iinkqubo eziqhubela phambili zingafanisa ne “ into efana nomfanekiso-ukuba &82221; umzekelo, njengeziphumo zomonakalo omkhulu kwingcinezelo ephantsi komsinga-manzi okanye iziphumo zembalela kumgangatho wedama.

Inkqubo yolawulo ezizenzekelayo

Igridi ezikrelekrele zivala urhintyelo phakathi kwengqikelelo kunye nentshukumo. Izivalo ezizenzekelayo, iimpompo, kunye nezitishi ezilawula uxinzelelo zingahlenga-hlengiselwa kude kumbindi wolawulo okanye kugqithe kwimithetho ecwangcisiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba isiva-luvo sifumana uxinzelelo olubonisa ukuvuza, inkqubo ingazikhulula ngokuzenzekelayo icandelo elichaphazelekayo le-payipi ngexesha uphinda usebenzise amanzi kwezinye iindlela. Oku kunciphisa amaxesha okuphendula ukusuka kwiiyure ukuya kwimizuzwana kwaye kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi.

Iingenelo Zeziqadi Zamanzi Ezikrelekrele

Unyuso lwamanzi angelulo

Ehlabathini lonke, uphando oluqikelelwayo 30% ukuya ku 50% lwamanzi anyangwayo lulahlekile phambi kokuba lufike kubathengi i— uninzi lwawo lungaphuma kwimibhobho eyaluphalayo. Ubugcisa bokufumana ingxengxezo bunganciphisa oku kulahlekelwa ngama-20% ukuya kuma-40% kunyaka wokuqala wokuthunyelwa, ngokwezifundo ze- Iinethwekhi zamanzi Forum[FLT[FF:3].

Ubuchule bamandla

Usasazo lwamanzi lungenisa amandla, lubala ukuba 4% yombane osetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iindawo. Ngokunciphisa imisebenzi yempompo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemfuneko yokunyanga nokulahleka kwamanzi, igridi ezibukhali zinganciphisa usetyenziso lwamandla nge 15% ukuya ku-30%. Oku kuneengenelo ezithe ngqo zemali nemekobume, ingakumbi apho umbane uveliswe kwizinto zelahleko.

Ubunjani bamanzi obuphuculiweyo

Ukujongwa okuqhubekayo komgangatho weparameters kwindawo ezininzi kuthungelwano kuvumela izinto eziluncedo ukufumanisa iziganeko zokungcoliswa kwangoko. Kwisiganeko sokuchitheka kwemichiza okanye impumelelo yebhayoloji, abasebenzisi bangakhupha uhlomelo lwe “ i-boil arboil la manzi ” ii-advisories endaweni yezilumkiso zengubo yokuvala intsimbi, ukulondoloza uthelekelelo lukawonke wonke ngexa bekhusela impilo.

Ubandakanyeko lomthengi onyusiweyo

Iimitha ezikrelekrele zinika abathengi amandla okufumana ugcino-lwazi lwamanzi asondeleyo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amakhaya afumana ingxelo eninzi anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo ngomlinganiselo we-10% ukuya kwi-15%. I-oyile iyakwazi ukuzalisekisa ithala lee-prigg okanye iinkqubo zokwandiswa ezinika umvuzo kulondolozo, ukwenza abathengi abasebenza kunye kubaphathi bamanzi.

Ucelomngeni Nethuba Lokwenza Inkqubo

Ngelixesha imeko yobuchule yeegridi ezimahle zamanzi inamandla, ukubekwa kwazo akungomsebenzi wobunjineli. Kufuna imekobume exhasayo ethetha ngeengxaki ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo.

Ugcino - lwazi Nonqabiseko

Iindibaniso ezikrelekrele zamanzi zivelisa ubuninzi obukhulu bogcino-lwazi, kuquka iipateni zokusebenzisa ezingatyhila imikhwa yasekhaya (umz., xa abantu besekhaya, ukuba bangaphi abahlala khona). Olu lwazi luluncedo kwimisebenzi eluncedo kodwa lukwadala ubungozi bobumfihlo. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bamisele imithetho ecacileyo[ malunga nokuba nogcino-lwazi, ukuvumelana, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okuvumelekileyo. .S.Indawo yokhuseleko lwemeko-bume yendalo i-arhentervectorial Agement[[ ikhuphe ukhokelo kwi-comssion forfictificture tomation sytection.

Ukungalingani komgangatho womgangatho ophezulu wesibonelelo se-WCC. Iinkqubo zamanzi ziyinxalenye yesizwe i’ izibonelelo ezicekecekileyo, kwaye ukuhlasela ngempumelelo kwekhompyutha kungaphazamisa ukunikezelwa okanye ukulalanisa komgangatho wamanzi. Abenzi bolawulo mabagunyazise imigangatho encinane yokhuseleko kwi-gridi entle, bafuna uhlolo oluthe rhoqo, kwaye banika ubuncwane bezixhobo ezincinci ezinokungabi nazo izikhuseli ezinikezelweyo ze-IT.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo nemigangatho elawulayo

Imimiselo yamanzi ekhoyo yaveliswa ngaphambi kwexesha lovavanyo. Basoloko becebisa amaxesha okuvavanya, ukunikela iifomati, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezithatha ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi lwezandla kunye nohlolo lwexesha. Ukuhlalisa ii-grid ezintle, abalawuli kufuneka bahlaziye le mithetho eqhubekayo ukuqaphela ukujongwa okulinganayo okanye okungcono kunemizekelo yokuxhathisa ngokwesithethe. Umzekelo, i- Methoni Amaqela aManzi emisebenzi [ ibisebenza kwimilinganiselo yentengiso yogcino-data yemitha ebhlawulwayo kunye nobuchule bekhompyutha, kodwa ukwamkela.

Ukusebenzisana kuyinto enye exhalabisayo. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo zisoloko zifumana izivo kunye ne-software evela kubathengisi abahlukeneyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwefomati yogcino-lwazi oluqhelekileyo, udibaniso luba nexabiso eliphezulu kwaye lungabi nakusebenza kakuhle. Oorhulumente bangakhawuleza ukuthatha umntwana ngokufuna imigangatho evulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zonxulumano lwenkqubo (APIS) kwizivumelwano zokufumana, kanye njengokuba bekwenzile ukwenzela iimitha zombane ezichuliweyo kumacala amaninzi.

Inkcitho

Ukudityaniswa kwegridi yamanzi ekrelekrele kufuna intsingiselo yotyalo-mali lwangaphambili. Abasebenzi bolwazi, iinkqubo zonxibelelwano, iinkqubo zokulawula, kunye namaqonga asetyenziswayo angabiza amashumi ezigidi zeerandi kwisixeko esisembindini. Izinto ezininzi eziluncedo, ingakumbi ezo zinceda abantu abafumana imali ephantsi, zizama ukuxhasa imisebenzi enjalo kwingeniso yesantya somdla kuphela. Abenzi benkqubo banezixhobo ezininzi zokuvala ibhulorho:

  • kunye norhulumente unika iinkqubo: INgxowa-mali yokuNxinwa yamanzi e-U.S. ingasetyenziswa ukunyusa izibonelelo eziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Amanye amazwe adalile amanzi anikezelwe kakuhle njengenxalenye yenyathelo lokuzinzisa imozulu.
  • Umanyano lwePPPs oluzimeleyo: Imali ingadibana neefeme zabucala ezixhasa imali, ezifaka, kwaye zisebenzise iinkqubo zegridi ezikrelekrele ukutshintshiselana ngesabelo semali egciniweyo ekulahlekeni kwamanzi okuncitshisiweyo.
  • Ulawulo olusekelwe kwi-pixence: Endaweni yesithethe sexabiso lolawulo lolawulo, izingenisi-zixhobo eziluncedo zingavunyelwa ukuba zigcine inxalenye yogcino-mali oluveliswe lungeniso lwegridi entle, zidala intshukumisa enamandla yokwamkela ubugcisa obuntsha.
  • Amaqhina aluhlaza kunye nemali yemozulu: Iprojekthi zokulondoloza amanzi kunye neziphumo ezinokusetyenziswa ziya zinika umdla ongakumbi wokuchaphazela abatyali-mali kunye neemarike zokudibanisa amaqhina aluhlaza.

Ukulingana Nokwahlula Amanani

Iinzuzo zegridi ezikrelekrele azizukufumaneka ngokuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke iindawo ezikhoyo. Imimandla ephantsi kwengeniso kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni isoloko inezibonelelo ezindala, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwikomkhulu, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokufunda nokubhala amanani. Ngaphandle kongenelelo lwenkqubo yamaqumrhu, ukuthunyelwa kwegridi entle kunokwenza umahluko okhoyo, ushiye abantu abasweleyo benexabiso eliphezulu nabanenkonzo encinci ethembekileyo.

Abenzi benkqubo kufuneka bafune iziphakamiso ezithe ngqo ukuquka uhlolo lweziphumo zesiphumo kwiplani labo elikrelekrele. Umzekelo, imithetho ingagunyazisa ukuba ipesenti ethile yokufakwa kwemitha ecwengileyo ijoliswe kwimimandla egciniweyo, okanye iinkqubo zemali zinike inkxalabo ephambili kwimisebenzi enceda abantu ababuthathaka. Ukubophelela uluntu kwakhona kubalulekile: abahlali kufuneka baziswe ngeengenelo nangeziphumo zemfihlo, kwaye igalelo labo kufuneka liyithenge imigca elawula ixesha kunye nezakhiwo zokulawula.

Iinkqubo zokufundisa ngamanani zinganceda abathengi ukuba bachaze ugcino-lwazi olusetyenziswayo baze basebenzise izikhuthazo zokulondoloza indalo. Izixhobo zingasebenzisana namathala eencwadi, amaziko oluntu, kunye nezikolo zokunikezela ngeevenkile kunye nobuncwane obukwi-intanethi. Ukufikelela okulinganayo kwiingenelo ezifanelekileyo zamanzi akuyomfuneko nje kuphela kodwa kukwayimfuneko esebenzayo kwi-̬ ukugcinwa komntwana osekelwe kwi-tradex kusasaza iindleko zemali kunye nokunciphisa inkqubo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma ekwimimandla ebanzi ngokunempumelelo.

Uphando Olukumgangatho Ophezulu

I-Singapore’ Inethwekhi yamanzi elungileyo

Singapore̱ isebe lamanzi elisezweni, iPUB, lisebenzisa enye yezona zintlukwano zamanzi zichuliweyo ehlabathini. Le nkqubo iquka izivo ezingaphezulu kwe7 000 ezibekwe kwimibhobho, ukugada, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, nobunjani bamanzi ngexesha lokwenene. Ugcino-lwazi lufakwa kwiwele elifana nalo lonke uthungelwano kwaye luxelwe ukuba lungaphumelelanga. Ngokwesiphumo, iSingapore ihlise isantya sayo esingangeni-rafiki ngaphantsi kwe 10% &8212; enye yemibhobhobho esezantsi ehlabathini. Inkqubo yelizwe ixhasa ulawulo lwamanzi, oluquka ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi, ukurhoxa nokuvungula amanzi.

I-Barcelona’ Udibaniso olukrelekrele kwisiXeko

IBarcelona yadibanisa igridi yamanzi ayo kwiqonga elibanzi lesixeko, idibanisa ugcino-lwazi olusuka emanzini, amandla, kunye neenkqubo zokuthutha. Abasebenzi boluvo kuphakamo balungisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukunkcenkceshela okusekelwe ekufumeni komhlaba nakwizixeli zemozulu, ukugcina i 25% yamanzi asetyenziswa kwizithuba eziluhlaza. Esi sixeko sikwasebenzisa iimitha ezimahle kwizakhiwo ezinamalungu amaninzi eentsapho ukufumanisa ukuvuza nokunceda abaphathi bokwakha banciphise inkunkuma. Barcelona ̱ amava abonisa ii-synergies ezinokufunyanwa xa i-data yamanzi idityalwa namanye amasebe kamasipala, nangona ikwabala imfuneko yokuba kubekho ulawulo olunamandla lwezixhobo zolawulo lwendawo ukuze luthintele ukusetyenziswa kakubi.

I Pilot ye-Pittsburgh ’ i Pilot yeLeak efunyanisiweyo

IPittsburgh Water kunye neGunya le-Sewer (PWSA) yathumela iprojekthi yomqhubi esebenzisa izivo zesandi kunye ne-Al alytics ukufumanisa ukuvuza kwimibhobho yayo ehambayo. Kwinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala, inkqubo yafumana imvuzo ezingaphezulu kwama-30 ngaphambili ezazingabonwa, ezinye zazo ezazilahlekelwa zimalunga ne-50 l50 yelitha ngomzuzu. Iprojekthi yazihlawulela ngokwazo ngonyaka ngemali egciniweyo kwaye iphepha iindleko zokulungisa. IPWSA ngoku inyusa ubugcisa kusetyenziswa imbutho karhulumente okhoyo kunye nemali-mali-mboleko yorhulumente ephantsi ngomzuzu.

I-oklook yexesha elizayo kunye noncomelo lwemiba

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukwenziwa kwedolophu, kunye nokubola kwengqayi kuza kuqhubeka kuqhubela phambili ushishino lobugcisa begridi yamanzi. Ngo-2030, urhwebo lwamanzi oluchuliweyo emhlabeni wonke lulindeleke ukuba ludlule kwii-$30 zezigidi zezigidi, ngokweengxelo ezithelekelelwayo zoshishino. Kodwa ubugcisa bodwa alwanele. Imigaqo ephumelelayo yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo iya kuxhaswa yimigaqo ephambili ethetha ngeengxaki ezichazwe ngasentla.

Abenzi benkqubo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente kufuneka baqwalasele ezi zenzo zilandelayo:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Imigangatho yogcino-lwazi lwamanzi ezweni lonke eqinisekisa ukuba kuyasebenzisana, ukhuseleko, kunye yimfihlo kuzo zonke izinto eziluncedo, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani okanye indawo.
  • [[UMTL:0] yenza imijelo enikezelweyo yemali ukwenzela ukunikezelwa kwegridi yamanzi ecacileyo, ngokubaluleka koluntu olujongene nezona zibonelelo zingundoqo kunye nocelomngeni lwezoqoqosho.
  • Combulula ulungiso lomgaqo-nkqubo ukuqaphela ukujongwa okuqhubekayo nolawulo oluzenzekelayo njengezinto ezisebenzayo ezinokuthathelwa indawo iindlela zokuthobela ezingokwesithethe, lo gama ugcina ulawulo olungqongqo.
  • iManute equity kunye nemilinganiselo yokudibanisa kuzo zonke iiprojekthi ezimahle zamanzi, kuquka ukunikela ingxelo yoluntu ngendlela iingenelo ezisasazwa ngayo kumaqela amanani abantu.
  • [[NTL: 0] Intsebenziswano yeFoster phakathi kwezihluzi zixhobo, izinikezeli zobugcisa, i-academia, kunye nemibutho yoluntu ngokubonakalisa kunye namaqonga olwazi.

Iinkqubo zamanzi zenkulungwane yama-21 kufuneka zilumke, ziqine kakhulu, kwaye zingabi nakuguquguquka. Ubugcisa bamanzi obuchuliweyo bunika iseti yezixhobo ezinamandla zokuphumeza ezi njongo, kodwa amandla azo azakubonwa kuphela ngenkqubo yezomgaqo kunye neyodwa. Ngokusebenza ngoku, abenzi benkqubo bangaqinisekisa ukuba isizukulwana esilandelayo sezibonelelo zamanzi sisebenza wonke umntu ngempumelelo nangobulungisa.