Table of Contents

Ikomkhulu leAustralian Territory (ACT) limi njengolawulo lobuvulindlela ekukhuseleni imekobume nokuhlala kakuhle phakathi kwe-Ostreliya. Njengommandla wekomkhulu lelizwe, i-ACT ivelise isiseko esibanzi nesenkqubela-phambili somthetho wemekobume ofuna ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zokuphuhliswa kwedolophu kunye nemfuneko enzima yokulondoloza indalo, ukukhusela intlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zendalo, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Esi siseko somthetho sibonakalisa isibopho sokuxhasa inkqubela-migaqo yemeko-siseko kunye nesikhundla sommandla njengenkokeli ekulawuleni imekobume.

Ukuqonda umsebenzi wokusingqongileyo we-ACT

Umthetho wemekobume kwiLizwana elikhulu lase-Australia umele inkqubo entsonkothileyo nedibeneyo yemithetho, imimiselo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo elungiselelwe ukukhusela nokunyusa imekobume yendalo yommandla. Ngokungafaniyo namazwana amakhulu ase-Australia, indawo ye-ACT, kunye nemeko ekhethekileyo njengendawo evumela ukufikelela kolawulo olulungeleleneyo nolwamkelekileyo lwemekobume. Umthetho uquka imilinganiselo emininzi yokukhuselwa kwemekobume, kuquka ulawulo longcoliso lwendalo, ugcino-ntlalo lwendalo, ulawulo lwenkunkuma, ubuncwane bamanzi, ubunjani bomoya, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Imithetho yemeko-bume ye-AC isebenza phakathi komongo obanzi oquka zombini umthetho weCommonwealth kunye nentsebenziswano yengingqi neNew South Wales. Esi sakhiwo solawulo sifakelwe ulawulo siqinisekisa ukhuseleko olubanzi lwemekobume ngeli xesha sisingatha imida yengingqi, efana nokufumana amanzi kunye nomgangatho womoya.

UMthetho woKhuselo lweMbindi we-1997: Isiseko soLawulo lokusingqongileyo

UMthetho weNgqongqotho yoKhuselo lweNtlalo-bume ka-1997 usebenza njengesiseko solawulo lwemekobume kwiLizwana elikhulu lase-Australia. Lo mthetho uchaza isiseko sokuthintela, ukulawula, kunye nokulawula umonakalo wemekobume kulo mmandla wonke. Lo Mthetho uqulethe imigaqo engundoqo yemekobume kwaye udala inkqubo yokulawula efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwemeko-bume kwimimiselo yendalo ezidolophini nakwindalo.

Izinto Ozenzayo Nemigaqo

UMthetho weNtlalo-ntle woKhuselo lwemekobume ka-1997 wakhiwe kwimigaqo emininzi yesiseko yemekobume ekhokelayo ekusetyenzisweni kwayo nasekutolikeni kwayo. Le migaqo iquka umgaqo wokukhusela, ofuna ukuba ukungaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ngokwenzululwazi akumele kusetyenziswe njengesizathu sokuhlehlisa amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwohloka kwemeko-bume, kunye nomgaqo wokungalingani okuphakathi, obonisa ukuba umele ukhusele imekobume kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Ingozi yemekobume ichazwa njengempembelelo kwimekobume ngenxa yomsebenzi womntu ochaphazela indalo, enoba yeyokwexeshana okanye ngokusisigxina. Le nkcazelo ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba iindidi ezininzi zemisebenzi eyingozi zixhomekeke kulawulo lomthetho.

Ukugunyaziswa Kokusingqongileyo Nokukhutshelwa

Lo Mgaqo-nkqubo ufuna ukuba imisebenzi ethile igunyaziswe kwaye ithotyelwe kwimigangatho yemeko-bume, kwaye imisele i-EPA. Inkqubo yogunyaziso lokusingqongileyo imela isixhobo esinemigaqo engqongqo esivumela ummandla ukuba ulawule imisebenzi ngeziphumo zemeko-bume. Imisebenzi edweliswe kucwangciso loMthetho ifuna ugunyaziso ngaphambi kokuba iqhutywe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwemekobume lusendaweni.

Inkqubo yogunyaziso ibandakanya uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwemisebenzi ecetyisiweyo, uhlalutyo lweziphumo zemekobume, kunye nokubekwa kweemeko ezenziwe ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo wemeko-bume. Ezi meko zingathetha ngeenkalo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi, kuquka imida yokukhutshwa kwenkunkuma, iimfuno zolawulo lwenkunkuma, iimfanelo zokuhlola, kunye nokunika ingxelo ngeembopheleleko.

Imisebenzi jikelele yokusingqongileyo

Enye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zoMthetho weNgqongqo-bume woMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuselo lweNkathi yoNyaka wo-1997 ngumsebenzi jikelele, osebenza kubo bonke abantu abaqhuba imisebenzi kwi-ACT. Lo msebenzi ufuna ukuba abantu kunye nemibutho ithathe onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo nafanelekileyo anokwenziwa ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa ukonakaliswa kwemekobume. Umsebenzi jikelele wokoqobo udala umgangatho osisiseko woxanduva lwemekobume oyabela ngaphaya kweemfuno ezithile ezithe ngqo.

Umkhukulisi uthathwa ukuze abangele umonakalo kwimeko-bume ukuba umlinganiselo womchaphazeli wokungena kwimeko-bume ungaphezulu komlinganiselo ochaziweyo okanye ukuba ngulowo uhlasimli-mthetho ocetyiweyo. Eli lungiselelo limisela imiqobo ecacileyo efuna ukubona ukuba kwenzeka nini na ingozi yemeko-bume, ukunyanzelisa nokuthobela.

Ulawulo Nolawulo Longcoliso

I-Device Protection Regation iqulathe amalungiselelo kwizinto ezininzi ezingcolisayo: umoya (iCandelo 2), ingxolo (Icandelo 3) namanzi (Icandelo 4). La malungiselelo anezinkcukacha zokuzinzisa imilinganiselo ethile kunye neemfuno zongcoliso olwahlukileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olubanzi lwemekobume.

Lo mThetho uthetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zongcoliso, kuquka umphunga womoya, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, ingxolo, kunye nokungcoliswa. U-Pollute uquka ukubangela okanye ukusilela ukukhusela ukukhutshwa, ukukhutshwa, ukuphoswa, ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuphuma kwento engcolisayo, okuquka ukusetyenziswa kongcoliseko olusebenzayo nokusilela ukuthintela ungcoliso ukuba lungaphumi.

Ukhuthuzo nomatshini abasetyenziswayo

UMthetho weNtlalo-bume oLawulweyo wowe-1997 unika iGunya lokuKhuselwa Kwemekobume elinamandla okuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zemeko-bume. La mandla aquka ukukwazi ukukhupha imiyalelo yokukhuselwa kwemekobume, ukuhlolwa, ukufuna izicwangciso zokuphuculwa kwemekobume, nokuthatha inyathelo lokuqinisekisa ukuchasana nokwaphulwa.

I-EPA, ngokuyibhala, inganqumamisa okanye irhoxise ukugunyaziswa kokusingqongileyo apho inezizathu ezivakalayo zokukholelwa ukuba lowo uyiphetheyo, ekuqhubeni umsebenzi ogunyazisiweyo, ikhuphe ugunyaziso okanye umgaqo wokukhusela indalo, okanye ilungiselelo loMthetho kwaye ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ingozi enzulu okanye yemekobume yezinto eziphathekayo, inokwenzeka, okanye iyenzeka. Le nkqubo yokunyanzelisa iqinisekisa ukuba ukungqubana okunzulu kwemekobume kuzakuxoxwa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo.

Izivumelwano zokukhusela imekobume zenzelwe ukunceda amashishini alawule indlela asebenza ngayo, kwaye i-EPA ingafuna icebo ukuba kukho, okanye kunokwenzeka, umonakalo onzulu okanye wezinto eziphathekayo obangelwa kukushenxiswa koMthetho. Ezi zivumelwano zinika indlela yokusebenzisana kulawulo lwemeko-bume, zivumela amashishini asebenze nabalawuli bemeko-bume ukuze aphumeze iziphumo zemekobume.

Ukutshintshwa koMthetho weNtlalo-bume wowama-2014 kwavelisa izigwebo zabemi ngendlela yemisebenzi enyanzelekileyo, echatshazelwa kwiSahluko 14A soMthetho. Oku kongezwa kwesixhobo sokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho utshintsho ekuthetheni nokuchasana kwemekobume ngoxa kuqinisekiswe ukuba kumele kuhlawulwe

UMthetho wolondolozo lwendalo wowe - 2014: Ukukhusela indalo

UMthetho weNature Conservation Act 2014 umele isixhobo esiyintloko somthetho-mthetho sokukhusela izityalo nezilwanyana zomthonyama kunye nokonga izityalo nezityalo zelizwe. Lo Mgaqo uyaqonda ukuba indalo ibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwempilo yendalo, ekuxhaseni inkqubo yendalo, nasekulondolozeni ilifa lendalo leLifa leMfuleni-nkulu wase-Australia.

Izityalo Nokhuseleko Lwendalo

INature Conservation Act yowama-2014 imisela inkqubo yokuchaza nokukhusela izilwanyana nendalo esengozini. Lo Mthetho unika uludwe lweendidi neendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana, ezisukela kumngcipheko ukuya kutsho kumngcipheko oyingozi, ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwenzululwazi lwemeko yokulondolozwa kwazo. Le nkqubo yokudwelisa ibangela ukuba kubekho imilinganiselo ethile yokuzikhusela nokucwangcisa nokuzilungiselela.

Lo mThetho uthintela imisebenzi eyingozi esongela izilwanyana okanye eyonakalise indawo yokuhlala eyingozi ngaphandle kogunyaziso olufanelekileyo. Le migaqo ikhokelela kwingozi engqalileyo, njengokubulala okanye ukwenzakalisa izilwanyana ezikhuselweyo, nokuyingozi engangqalanga ngokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala okanye ukuwohloka. Lo mthetho uyaqonda ukuba ukulondolozwa kwendalo kufuneka kungakhuseleki nje kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwezidalwa kodwa kwanendawo yokuhlala kunye nendalo ezixhomekeke kuyo.

Ukucwangcisa nokulawula

INature Conservation Act yowama-2014 ifuna ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo okulungisa iingcinga zezilwanyana nendalo ezisengozini. Ezi zinto zicetywa zichaza iingozi ezijamelene nazo kwimiba edwelisweyo kunye nemimandla kwaye zichaze izenzo zolawulo ezifunekayo ukuxhasa ukuchachana kwazo okanye ukuthintela ukuhla. Iinjongo ziphuhliswa ngokubuzana neengcali zenzululwazi, abaphathi belizwe, kunye nabagcini-mashishini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokulondoloza izilwanyana ziluncedo ngokwenzululwazi kwaye zisebenza.

Lo mThetho unika isibhengezo senjongo ekhethekileyo kunye nolawulo lwelizwe eligcinelwe iinjongo zokulondoloza. La mazwe akhuselekileyo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni indalo ngokunika izilwanyana zendalo indawo yokuhlala ekhuselekileyo nokukhusela imizekelo emela indalo.

Ukhuseleko Lwezityalo

Izityalo zomthonyama zikhusela izityalo zingunobangela obalulekileyo woMthetho wokulondolozwa kwendalo 2014. Lo Mthetho ulawula ukukhutshwa kwezityalo, uqonda ukuba izityalo zinika izilwanyana indawo yokuhlala, zikhusela ukukhukuliseka, zigcina ubunjani bamanzi, kwaye zinegalelo kwinkqubo yendalo exhaphakileyo. Ulawulo lufuna uhlolo kunye nogunyaziso lwemisebenzi yokucoca izityalo, kunye neemeko ezilungiselelwe ukuphelisa iziphumo zokuhlahlela nokuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo azinakuphetshwa apho zinokuphetshwa khona.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwenkunkuma kunye Nezinyathelo Zoqoqosho Ezingqukuva

I-ACT iphuhlise umthetho wolawulo lwenkunkuma ojolise ekunciphiseni isizukulwana senkunkuma, ukwanda kwenani lokuphinda isetyenziswe, kunye nokutshintshelwa kwimeko-ntle yesazinge. Umthetho wenkcitho yentsimi ubonisa ulwamkeleko lokuba imizekelo engokwesithethe yokusetyenziswa kwemiba yexabiso ayinakuthintelwa kokusingqongileyo kwaye inkunkuma imela zombini ucelomngeni lwemekobume kunye nethuba loqoqosho.

Utyando lokulahla okuncinane

Umthetho wenkunkuma we-ACT umisela amaxhoba kunye namaqhinga okuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma kuwo onke amacandelo oqoqosho. Ezi zicwangciso ziquka iinkqubo zobuphathi bemveliso, ezenza abavelisi babe noxanduva lolawulo lobomi bemveliso yabo, kunye nenkqubo ze-levy elahlwayo ezenza izikhuthazo zezoqoqosho zokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuphucula ingeniso yemali.

Le ndawo iye yasebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuphelisa inkunkuma elahlwayo ekwindawo etshayelelwayo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza esetyenziswa ngokutsha, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, kunye neenkonzo ezikhethekileyo zokuqokelela izinto ezinobungozi. Ezi nkqubo zixhaswa yimfundo namanyathelo okubophelela anceda abemi namashishini baqonde indima yabo ekuncipheni inkunkuma.

Utshintsho lwemeko-bume engqukuva

I-ACT isukela ngokukhutheleyo kutshintsho kuqoqosho lwesazinge, apho oovimba bagcinwa besetyenziswa ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye inkunkuma yenziwe ngaphandle kweenkqubo. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukwenziwa kwakhona kwemveliso, imodeli yeshishini, kunye nemilinganiselo yokusebenzisa ukudala iinkqubo ezivaliweyo ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kovimba nenkunkuma yesizukulwana.

Amanyathelo oqoqosho ajikelezayo kwi-AC aquka ukuxhasa imisebenzi yokulungisa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukuphuhliswa kwemisika yezinto zokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokufumana exhasa izinto eziqulunqwe ngokutsha okanye eyenzelwe ukuphinda ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Ezi zindululo ziyaqonda ukuba ukufumana uqoqosho olujikelezayo kufuna utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo wokuvelisa nokusebenzisa izinto.

Iplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kunye nokubuyiselwa kwengxowa

I-ACT ibisebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni iiplastiki ezisebenzisa enye nezixhobo zokupakisha ezinengxaki. Lo mmandla udibanise ukuvalwa kwezinto zeplastiki ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngumntu omnye, kuquka iingxowa, iingcambu, kunye nezinto ezithile zokutya. Oku kuthintelwa kwemiqathango yeplastiki, nto leyo ebangela ingozi enkulu kwizilwanyana nemekobume yendalo.

Indlela yokulungelelanisa iiplastiki ezisebenzisa enye idityaniswe nezona zinto zinengxaki nenkxaso kumashishini ukuze atshintshele kwezinye izinto ezizinzileyo. Le ndlela ilungeleleneyo ibone imfuneko yokunciphisa ungcoliso lweplastiki ngelixa linika amashishini ixesha nenkxaso ukuze alungelelanise imisebenzi yawo.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi nokhuseleko

Abaphathi bemithombo yamanzi bamela ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lokusingqongileyo kwiLizwana elikhulu lase-Australia, bewanika indima yommandla kwindlela ebanzi yeMurray-Darling Basin nokubaluleka kokhuseleko lwamanzi kummandla. Umthetho wamanzi uthetha ngobuninzi bamanzi kunye nomgangatho, uqonda ukuba ulawulo lwamanzi olulondoloziweyo lufuna ukudibana.

Ukhuseleko lwamanzi

Umthetho ongundoqo we-ACT wolawulo longcoliso, oquka ungcoliso lwamanzi. Ifuna ukuba eminye imisebenzi igunyaziswe kwaye ithotyelwe kwimigangatho yemeko-bume. UMthetho weNtlalo-bume woMthetho omisela i-EPA.

I-EPA yenza ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lwePolicies (EPP) encedayo ukucacisa nokusebenzisa umThetho wokuKhuselwa Kwemekobume. Okwangoku kuphela i-EPP enxulumene ngokukhethekileyo nobuncwane bamanzi: inkqubo yokulondolozwa kwemekobume yamanzi eyamkelwa ngoAprili 2008. Le nkqubo imisela iinjongo zomgangatho wamanzi kunye nemigangatho yokuhamba kwamanzi, inika inkqubo yokukhusela indalo namanzi.

Umgangatho wokhuseleko lwamanzi uthetha ngemithombo emininzi yongcoliso, kuquka ukukhutshwa kwamanzi angcolileyo asezidolophini, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka nokusasazwa kongcoliso oluvela kumhlaba wezolimo nezezixeko.

Ulawulo lokuQokelela noQoqosho

I-ACT ithatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo olawulo lwengingqi, eqonda ukuba ubuncwane bamanzi bungaphaya kwemida yengingqi. Iqela len tlulisa liqukiwe ngamalungu amiselwe ngumphathi-mikhosi okanye ngumthetho kwaye liquka: umalathisi-jikelezo wemekobume noLawulo lokucwangcisa kunye nomphathi-mikhosi wezonyango, ummeli weSigqeba-nkulu sombuso, ummeli worhulumente waseNew South Wales onoxanduva lokufumana amanzi kummandla wekomkhulu wase-Australia kunye nommeli woncedo loluntu ekufumaneni ulawulo lwamanzi.

Le ndlela isebenzisanayo iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zolawulo lwamanzi ziqwalasela umongo opheleleyo kwaye zibandakanya bonke abasebenzi abanolwazi olunxulumene nolawulo. Imisebenzi yolawulo lokulungisa intlalo-ntle iquka ukurhoxa, ulawulo lokhukuliseko, ukujonga umgangatho wamanzi, kunye nokubopha ulawulo loluntu.

Ukulondoloza Amanzi Nokuphumelela Kwayo

Ugcino-lwazi (Ugcino-mali) Ugcino-lwazi lwangowa 2006, lwenziwe phantsi koMthetho we-Utilities, lunika imvume yolungiselelo lwemilinganiselo yokulondoloza amanzi kunye nemiqathango yamanzi yexeshana eyaveliswa ngokusetyenziswa kunye nokufakwa kwemiqathango yokuzinziswa kwemilinganiselo yokulondolozwa kommandla kunye nemiqathango yamanzi yexeshana.

Amanyathelo okusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi kwi-ACT aquka imilinganiselo yezixhobo ezisebenzisa amanzi, iimfuno zokulungisa amanzi kwinkqubela-phambili entsha, kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa imisebenzi yamanzi engaphumeleliyo kumashishini nakwizindlu. Ezi zinyathelo ziyaqonda ukuba ulondolozo lwamanzi lubalulekile kukhuseleko lwamanzi lwexesha elide kwimeko-bume yemozulu.

Ulawulo lobunjani bomoya kunye noHlomelo

Umgangatho wolawulo lomoya wenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuselo lwemekobume ye-ACT. Ingingqi ihlola ubunjani bomoya kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela nokulawula ungcoliseko lomoya kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Ulawulo lomgangatho womoya luthetha ngemithombo yongcoliso yasekuhlaleni kunye neengxaki zomgangatho womoya ezichaphazela umhlaba.

Imigangatho yobunjani bomoya kunye neenjongo

I-ACT ithathe imigangatho yomgangatho womoya osekelwe kumgangatho wokhuseleko lwemeko-bume yesizwe, emisela uxinzeleleko oluphezulu olwamkelekileyo kungcoliso lomoya olungundoqo. Le milinganiselo ithetha ngezinto ezingcolisayo eziquka i-nitrogen diokside, i-ozone, i-sulfur dioxide, kunye nekharbon monoxide. Imigangatho yenzelwe ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiziphumo eziyingozi zongcoliseko lomoya.

Ukujonga ubulunga bomoya kunika ugcino-lwazi kuxinzelelo oluhlahlelayo kummandla wonke, kunceda uhlolo lokuthobela imilinganiselo kunye nokuchongwa kwemiqathango yomgangatho womoya. Uphando lwe-data lwenziwe lufumaneke ekuhleni, kuqinisekiswe ukuba mhlophe nokunceda abantu baqonde iimeko zomgangatho womoya.

Abalawuli boMsebenzi kunye noLawulo

Umgaqo-nkqubo womgangatho womoya uquka ulawulo lokukhupha igesi evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka izakhiwo zoshishino, imisebenzi yezorhwebo, kunye nemisebenzi yasekhaya. Izigunyaziso zokusingqongileyo zemisebenzi ekhutshwayo kunye negesi yomoya ziquka imida echaza imida yokukhutshwa komoya, iimfuno zokuhlola, kunye nezenzo zolawulo ukunciphisa ungcoliso lomoya.

I-ACC iye yathatha amanyathelo angqalileyo okucombulula iingxaki ezithile zomgangatho womoya, kuquka ulawulo lomsi wamaplanga osuka kwizinto ezifudumezayo zasekhaya, ezinokuba negalelo elibalulekileyo ekungcoliseni komoya wasebusika. La manyathelo adibanisa iimfuno zomthetho kunye nemfundo kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ukukhuthaza ucoceko.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nendlela Asebenza Ngayo Umoya

Ingingqi iyazi ukuba kutheni kuthe kwatshintsha imozulu kunye nomgangatho womoya. Ukutshintsha komoya kungachaphazela umgangatho womoya kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ubuninzi bobushushu obugqithisileyo obukhuthaza ulwakhiwo lwe-ozone kunye notshintsho kwimo yezulu oluchaphazela ukunwenwa kwemozulu. Ubuchule bolawulo lomgangatho womoya buqwalasela ezi zinto zinxulumene nemozulu ekucebeni nasekuzalisekiseni.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokutshintsha Kwemozulu

ILifa leLikhulu lase-Australia limisele iinjongo zokutshintsha imozulu ezimanyumnyezi kwaye lavelisa iindlela ezibanzi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eshushu nokuqhelanisa neziphumo zemozulu ezingaphephekiyo. Imo yezulu yengingqi ibonisa ulwazi olubonisa ukuba ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kufuna inyathelo elingxamisekileyo neliqhubekayo kuwo onke amacandelo oqoqosho nebutho labantu.

Iimeko zoTsothulo kunye neendlela

I-ACT izimisele ukufikelela ukhupho lomnatha ngo-2045, ibeka umhlaba njengenkokeli kwintshukumo yemozulu kwi-Australia. Oku kujoliswe kuko kwakhiwe kwimpumelelo yangaphambili, kuquka ukufikelela kwi 100 ekhulwini lonikezelo lombane oluvuselelweyo. Indlela yokukhupha umnatha womnatha ibandakanya ukucutha umphunga ophumayo kuwo onke amacandelo, kuquka izithuthi, izakhiwo, inkunkuma, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino.

Ukufumana ixhoba le-nethi enozero kufuna utshintsho lwenkqubo zamandla, iinethwekhi, kunye nemekobume eyakhekileyo. Lo mmandla uvelise iindlela ezineenkcukacha kunye neeplani zesenzo ezibonisa imilinganiselo ethile kunye nemigca yexesha yokukhutshwa kwemiphunga enqamleze icandelo elohlukeneyo. Ezi zicwangciso ziyaqonda ukuba amacandelo ahlukeneyo ajongene nocelomngeni olwahlukeneyo namathuba okunciphisa umkhuhlazo kwaye afuna iindlela ezisetyenziswayo.

Utshintsho lwamandla olunokuphinda luvuselelwe

Impumelelo ye-ACT ye 100 pesenti evuselelwayo imela incopho ebalulekileyo kwintshukumo yemozulu. Le mpumelelo yafezwa ngokudityaniswa komlinganiso wamandla amakhulu anokuhlaziywa, inkxaso kubuchule bokuphinda buvuselelwe, kunye neenkqubo zempumelelo yamandla. Utshintsho oluvuselelwayo luye lwazisa unciphiso lwamandla kunye neengenelo zezoqoqosho, kuquka ukudalwa komsebenzi kunye nozinzo lwexabiso.

Intsimi iyaqhubeka iqhubela phambili ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekileyo, kuquka ukuxhasa ukugcina ibhetri, ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane, kunye nokuvela kobugcisa obufana ne-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ezi zinyathelo zibeka indawo ye-AC ukuze igcine ukhokelo lwayo olunokuphinda luvuselelwe ngeli lixa inkxaso yenkqubo yamandla ebanzi.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokuzinza

Ngokusuka ekunciphiseni igesi, iACT ivelisa iindlela zokuzivumelanisa nemozulu esele ikho okanye engenakuphepheka. Ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu kuchaphazela iingozi ezahlukeneyo zemozulu, kuquka ukunyuka nobunzulu bobushushu obugqithisileyo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukwanda kwemichiza, umngcipheko obangelwa yimililo yamahlathi, kunye nempembelelo eyingozi kumanzi nakwindalo.

Uhlengahlengiso luquka ukuhlaliswa kwengca ekwiziqithi ezishushu, ukwenziwa kwamanzi angenabungozi kwidolophu ukuze kulawule amanzi oqhwithela nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokhukuliseko, ucwangciso lokulawula umlilo wehlathi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwemekobume nendalo ezisekwe kwizinto ezizinzileyo. La manyathelo ayaqonda ukuba ukutshintsha okunempumelelo kufuna ukudibana phakathi kwemiqathango emininzi yezopolitiko kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi korhulumente, uluntu, namacandelo oshishino.

Ukulungelelaniswa nophuhliso

Ukuqwalasela okusingqongileyo kudityaniswe kucwangciso lwe-AC kunye nophuhliso, kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukhuseleko lwemekobume luqwalaselwa ukusuka kumaqondo okuqala okusetyenziswa kocwangciso nophuhliso lomhlaba. Olu nxulumano lubonakalisa ulwamkeleko lokuba izigqibo zineziphene zemeko-bume ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye inkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo ifuna ukuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo ukuze iqikelelwe kwiinkqubo zokucwangcisa.

Ucinezelo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo

Umthetho wokucwangcisa ufuna uhlolo lwempembelelo yemekobume ukwenzela uphuhliso olunokuba nempembelelo ephawulekayo kwimeko-bume. Inkqubo yohlolo ibandakanya ukuchazwa kweziphumo ezinokubakho, ukuqwalaselwa kokubaluleka kwazo, ukuphuhliswa kwemilinganiselo yokuhlisa isantya, nokuqwalaselwa kwezinye iindlela. Iingxelo zokuthintelwa kwemekobume zinikela uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwemibandela yemeko-bume nokwenziwa kwesigqibo sophuhliso.

Inkqubo yohlolo lwemeko-bume echaphazela ukuthintelwa kwemekobume iquka ukuxilongwa koluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkxalabo yoluntu malunga nokuchaphazeleka kwemekobume iqwalaselwa ekwenzeni izigqibo. Le nkqubo yokuzifunela ingcebiso ikhulisa ukufaneleka nokusebenza kohlolo lwemeko-bume ngeli linika amathuba okungeniswa kwegalelo loluntu kwizigqibo zenkqubela-phambili.

Isicwangciso sokusingqongileyo esicwangcisiweyo

Ngapha koko kuhlolwa komgangatho weprojekthi, i-ACT ilungisa icebo lokulungisa imekobume elungelelanisiweyo ukukhokela umhlaba ekusebenziseni izigqibo kwisikali esibanzi. Ucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo luqwalasela iziphumo ezinyukayo zemekobume, isalatha iindawo zexabiso eliphezulu lemekobume elifuna ukhuseleko, kunye nokusekwa kwesiseko sophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Le ndlela yemisebenzi inceda ukukhuselwa kwemekobume okunempumelelo ngakumbi kuneziphumo zeprojekthi kuphela.

Le mimandla ilungiselelwe ukukhusela imekobume, kuquka imimandla ebekelwe indawo ebekelwe indawo entle ekwaziyo ukukhusela indalo nokumisela iindlela zokuyiphucula.

Izakhiwo Eziluhlaza Nenzululwazi Ngendalo Yasedolobheni

Ucwangciso lwe-ACT lubonisa ukubaluleka kohlaza oluluhlaza kunye nemekobume yedolophu ukwenzela ukulondolozwa nokuhlala. Izibonelelo zengcali ziquka iipaki, imithi yasezitratweni, uphahla oluluhlaza, nezinye izinto eziveliswayo ezinika iingenelo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, kuquka ulawulo lwamanzi oqhwithela, ukuphola kwedolophu, ukuphucuka komgangatho womoya, kunye nokulungiselelwa kwendawo yokuhlala.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yokucwangcisa ikhuthaza izibonelelo eziluhlaza ngokweemfuno zokugcinwa nokutyalwa kwemithi, umphako wesithuba esiluhlaza kwinkqubela-phambili entsha, kunye nokhuseleko lweepaseji zendalo. Le nkqubo iyaqonda ukuba ukulondoloza nokuphuhlisa izibonelelo eziluhlaza kuyimfuneko ekwenzeni imekobume ehlala isomeleleyo neyomeleleyo yasedolophini.

Ulawulo lwelizwe olungcolisweyo

Ulawulo lomhlaba ongcolisiwe lumela ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo lokusingqongileyo kwi-ACT, ingakumbi enikwe imbali yentsimi yemisebenzi yoshishino neyokhuselo. Umiselo lwemithetho yolawulo lwezicwangciso zomhlaba olungcolisiweyo ukuchonga iindawo ezingcolisweyo, ukuvavanya iingozi zongcoliso, nokuqinisekisa ukuhlaziywa okufanelekileyo ukukhusela impilo yoluntu kunye nemekobume.

Ukwahlulwa kwendawo kunye nokucingwa

UMthetho weNtlalo-bume woMthetho woKhuselo lweMbali 1997 uquka amalungiselelo okulawula umhlaba ongcolisiwe, kuquka iimfuno zokunikwa kwengxelo yomhlaba ongcolileyo kunye namagunya e-EPA ukuze kuhlolwe indawo.

Ulwakhelo lomhlaba ongcolisiwe lumisela isiqinisekiso seendawo ezinezingcoliso, zinika ingqwalasela ecacileyo ngeemeko zongcoliso nokuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliso luqwalaselwa ekusetyenzisweni kocwangciso lwelizwe nakwizigqibo zophuhliso. Ubhaliso luquka ulwazi olumalunga nendalo engcolisweyo kunye nomlinganiselo, ubume bohlolo, kunye nazo naziphi na iimfuno zolawulo okanye ukucocwa.

Ulawulo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo

Apho umhlaba ongcolisiwe ubeka umngcipheko ongamkelekanga, ucwangciso lomthetho lufuna ukulungiswa ukunciphisa umngcipheko kumgangatho owamkelekileyo. Ukungena kolu nyango kuyahluka kuxhomekeka kwiempawu zongcoliso kunye neemeko zesiza, ukusuka ekususweni nasekulahlweni kwezinto ezingcolisweyo ukuya kunyango olukwisithu okanye ukuqulathiswa kolawulo oluqhubekayo.

Kwizinxuwa apho ulungiso olupheleleyo lungafikelelekiyo okanye luyimfuneko, iindlela zokulawula umngcipheko zingasetyenziswa ukuthintela ukuchanabeka kongcoliso. Ezi ndlela zingaquka ulawulo lobunjineli olufana nokugquma okanye imiqobo, ulawulo olulawulayo olufana nokusebenzisa umhlaba, kunye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokulawula ziyasebenza.

Uxinzelelo lweLifa nelokusingqongileyo

I-ACT ichaza unxulumano olubalulekileyo phakathi kolondolozo lwelifa nokhuseleko lwemekobume. Iindawo ezininzi ezilifa lemveli zinemilinganiselo ephawulekayo yemekobume, kuquka imithi eqolileyo, imiyezo yembali, kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko. Ucwangciso lwemithetho lulungiselela ukuqwalasela iintsapho kunye nemilinganiselo yendalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini zikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukhuseleko lwelifa lemveli

Ilifa lemvelo liquka imbonakalo yenzululwazi yendalo, imithi ebalulekileyo nendalo. Umthetho welifa ulungiselela ukuchaza nokukhusela iindawo zendalo, uzalisekisa isiseko solondolozo lwendalo. Ukukhuselwa kwelifa lendalo kungqina ukuba imilinganiselo yendalo isoloko inezithethe nembali ekhulisa ukubaluleka kwazo.

Imithi ebalulekileyo kwi-AC ikhuselwa ngelifa nangenkqubo yokusingqongileyo. Ukukhusela imithi kuphawula amaxabiso amaninzi akhoyo emithi ekhulayo, kuquka indawo yokuhlala, i-amen, intsingiselo yesithethe, kunye neenkonzo zemekobume ezifana nomthunzi kunye nokulawulwa kwamanzi oqhwithela.

Ulawulo lwenkcubeko yeMigangatho

Inkcubeko imela iindawo apho umsebenzi womntu ulonge indalo ngendlela enentsingiselo yelifa. I-ATC iquka iimeko ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko, kuquka izakhiwo zasemaphandleni, izakhiwo eziyiliweyo, kunye nenkcubeko yenkcubeko. Ulawulo lwenkcubeko yenkcubeko lufuna iindlela ezidityanisiweyo ezifanisa ukugqalwa kohlobo lwelifa kunye nexabiso lemeko-bume nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwemicimbi yemiqathango yohlobo lokubaluleka.

Ukunyanzeliswa, umbutho, kunye netyala

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho osebenza ngokunempumelelo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho wemeko-bume uphumeza iinjongo zawo zokukhusela. Umthetho we-ACT unika amaziko alawulayo anezibonelelo eziziizixhobo eziziintlobo-ntlobo zokunyanzelisa nokumisela izigwebo zokwaphulwa okubonisa ubunzulu bolwaphulo-mthetho lwemekobume.

Uhlolo loMsebenzi kunye noHlololo

Amasebe alawula indalo aqhuba uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lokuthobela uhlolo kunye nohlolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo yokusingqongileyo iyaphunyezwa. Imisebenzi yokujonga iingxelo nogcino-lwazi oluqukunjelwe zizinto ezilawulwa yizo, uhlolo lwezinxulumani, uvavanyo lwemekobume kunye nohlalutyo, kunye nophando lwezikhalazo neziganeko.

Ukugada ukuthobela kubandakanya ulawulo olusemthethweni lwemisebenzi egunyazisiweyo kunye nokujoliswe ekujoliswe kuyo ekucingelwa ukuba kuphulwa. Le ndlela isekelwe kumngcipheko inceda ekusebenziseni kakuhle oovimba bolawulo ngoxa ukulondoloza ukuthotyelwa kwemeko-bume okunempumelelo.

Izixhobo zonyanzeliso kunye nokusondela

Ucwangciso lomgaqo-nkqubo lunika abameli abaphumeleleyo izixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuba abanyanzeli bamapolisa banokukwazi ukumelana nendalo nobungozi bokwaphulwa. Ezi zixhobo zisuka kwizilumkiso nakulwalathiso lokwaphula umthetho okuncinane ukuya kwimiyalelo esemthethweni, ukunyanzeliswa okanye ukurhoxiswa kwemvume, nokutshutshiswa ngenxa yezono ezinzulu.

Imiyalelo yokukhusela imeko-bume inika inkqubo ethambileyo yokunyanzelisa imfuneko yokuzikhusela, ukunciphisa, okanye ukulungisa umonakalo wemekobume. Imiyalelo ingakhutshwa ngenxa yengozi okanye esongelwayo yemeko-bume kwaye ingachaza iimfuno eziziinkcukacha zokucombulula iingxaki zemeko-bume.

Imali kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Umthetho wemeko-bume umisela izigwebo ezibalulekileyo zokwaphulwa, ezibonisa ubunzulu bolwaphulo-mthetho lwemekobume olujongwa ngalo. Ityala liyahluka kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bobubi, kunye nezona zenzo zinzima ezitsala intengo ezineenkcukacha kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni. Isiseko sesigwebo sijolise ekuthinteleni ukwaphulwa kwesohlwayo ngoxa siqinisekisa ukuba isohlwayo silungelelaniswa nokungqubana.

ICandelo 10 loMthetho unika ukuba urhulumente we-Teriturery ufanelwe kukuchaswa koMthetho kwaye akagonywanga kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Akukho lungiselelo likhoyo ngaphandle kwetyala. Eli lungiselelo liqinisekisa ukuba amaziko karhulumente abambelele kwimilinganiselo efanayo yemeko-bume njengemibutho yangasese, ekhuthaza ukuphenduliswa nokungaguquguquki kokhuseleko lwemeko-bume.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nendawo Esingqongileyo

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba nokumiselwa koluntu kuqwalaselwa njengezinto eziyimfuneko zokukhusela imekobume kwiNKCUKACHA. Lo mmandla uvelise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubandakanyeka koluntu ekwenzeni izigqibo zemekobume kwaye ukhuthaza ukuba abemi abakhutheleyo bengingqi kunye namashishini.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke Kwizigqibo Zemekobume

Umiselo lowiso-mthetho luquka amalungiselelo okuhlola uluntu ngemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo, izicwangciso, kunye nezicelo zophuhliso olubalulekileyo. Iinkqubo zokubonana noluntu zinika amathuba okunikela ulwazi, ukuvakalisa inkxalabo, kunye nokuphembelela izigqibo zemeko-bume. Ezi nkqubo zokwahlula iinkqubo ziphuhlisa ukuphuhlisa kwesigqibo ngoxa zisakha inkxaso yokhuseleko lwemekobume.

Ukufikelela koluntu kwinkcazelo yemekobume kulula ngobuchule obuhlukahlukeneyo, kuquka iingxelo zikawonke-wonke, iimfuno zokunika ingxelo, nokukhutshwa kwenkcazelo yemeko-bume. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kwenkcazelo yemeko-bume kwenza uluntu olunolwazi lukwazi ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwaye kuxhasa ukuphendula koluntu ngemekobume.

Iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo ezisekelwe kuluntu

I-ACT ixhasa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kuluntu ezinceda abemi ukuba banikele ngokungqalileyo ekukhuseleni imekobume nasekuphuculweni. Ezi nkqubo ziquka imisebenzi yokulondoloza imeko-bume yamatsha - ntliziyo, imiyezo yoluntu, amaphulo enzululwazi, kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa ngemekobume. Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu zikhuthaza ukuphaphamela nokubonelela ngeli thuba zinika iingenelo eziluncedo kwimekobume.

Amaqela asebenza kunye nemibutho yokunyamekela imimandla esemaphandleni idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyamekeleni imekobume, ithathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enjengokuchitha ukukhuthuzwa kwemekobume, ukulawulwa kwezityalo nokukhuliswa kwendawo yokuhlala.

Imfundo nokulumkiswa kokusingqongileyo

Iinkqubo zemfundo zokusingqongileyo zinceda abantu baqonde imibandela yemekobume baze baxhase ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo ehlala ikho.

Le ntsimi iyaqonda ukuba ukuze ifikelele usukelo lwemekobume kufuneka itshintshe indlela yokuziphatha yaye imfundo nokuthembisana zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ubumi obusingqongileyo.

Umanyano lwamaBhunga nomanyano lweNtlanganiso

Imiba yokusingqongileyo isoloko idlula imida elawulayo, ifuna umanyano phakathi kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente nentsebenziswano ngaphaya kwemithetho elawulayo. I-ACT ithatha inxaxheba kumalungiselelo ahlukeneyo karhulumente okulawula imekobume, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingxaki zengingqi nezobuzwe zilungiswa ngokunempumelelo.

Izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo

Unxulumano phakathi komthetho wemekobume weSiko kunye ne-ACT luntsonkothile, xa omabini amanqanaba karhulumente enendima ekukhuselweni kwemekobume. Umthetho weSiko, ingakumbi iNkuselo yeNtlalobume neNtlalo-ntle ye-Biodiversity Conservation, 1999, lusebenza kwimibandela yemeko-bume yesizwe, ngoxa umthetho wemigaqo-nkqubo ucombulula imibandela yemekobume.

Isigqibo senziwe ngokuqonda ukuba iimeko ezibekwe liSebe leCommonwealth of Climate Change, Energy, iMeko neManzi phantsi koMthetho we-EPBC kufuneka zithotyelwe. Iimeko ezibekwe phantsi koMthetho we-EPBC zongezwa kwezo zidweliswe kwesi sigqibo. Oku kubonisa unxulumano olusebenzayo phakathi kweCommonwealth kunye nommandla ofunekayo ekuphuculweni kwemekobume.

Intsebenziswano yengingqi yemekobume

I-ACT isebenzisana neNew South Wales kwimiba ehlukeneyo yemekobume, ingakumbi leyo inxulumene nezibonelelo ezinxulumene nolwahlulo olufana nokubanjwa kwamanzi kunye nezixhobo zomoya. Iinkqubo zentsebenziswano zommandla ziquka amalungiselelo okucwangcisana, iinkqubo zokuhlola ezilungelelanisiweyo, kunye nolawulo olusebenzisanayo lwemiba yemekobume enqamlezeneyo.

Intsebenziswano yengingqi iyaqonda ukuba ulawulo lwemekobume oluphumelelayo ludla ngokufuna ukuthatha inyathelo elikhulu kunezikali zolawulo ngalunye yaye iindlela ezisebenzisanayo zinokufumana iziphumo ezingcono zemekobume kunezenzo ezilawula imimandla eyahlukeneyo.

Imigangatho yokusingqongileyo yesizwe kunye noxolelwano

I-ACT ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yesizwe yokukhulisa imigangatho yemekobume nokuvisisanisa imithetho yemekobume ngaphaya kwemithetho. Amanyathelo okukhusela imekobume yesizwe amisela imilinganiselo engaguquguqukiyo kwimibandela enjengomgangatho womoya, enika isiseko esiqhelekileyo sokhuseleko lwemeko-bume ngeli lixa kuvumela amagunya ukuba asebenzise imigangatho elungeleleneyo apho kufanelekileyo.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yommiselo wesizwe kuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ze-ACC ziqwalaselwa kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yemekobume yesizwe ngeli xesha kubangela ukuba umhlaba ungenelwe kubuchule bobuzwe nakumanyano. Uxolelwaniso lomgaqo-siseko wemekobume lunganciphisa ukuntsonkotha komgaqo-siseko kunye neendleko zokulungelelanisa iindleko zokhuseleko lwemekobume.

Ulawulo lokulungisa, lokunika ingxelo,

Ulawulo lwemekobume olunempumelelo lufuna ukujongwa okuqhubekayo kweemeko zemekobume, ukunikela ingxelo ngenkqubo yokusebenza kwemeko-bume, kunye nokulawula ukuhlaziywa kolawulo olunceda ukufunda nokuphucula. I-ACT imisele iinkqubo ezibanzi zokuhlola nokunika ingxelo ezixhasa ukwenza izigqibo zemekobume ezisekelwe kubungqina

Iinkqubo zoHlomelo lokuBumelwano

Le ndawo isebenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola imeko-bume ezilandelela izibonisi eziphambili zokusingqongileyo, kuquka umgangatho womoya, umgangatho wamanzi, intlobo-ntlobo yezityalo nemozulu. Ukuhlolwa kweengxelo eziyimfuneko malunga neemeko zemeko-bume, kubangela ukuba kuhlolwe enoba iinjongo zokusingqongileyo ziyaphunyezwa okanye ziyaqondwa imibandela yemekobume eyandayo.

Iinkqubo zohlolo ezisebenzisa urhulumente kunye nogcino-lwazi oluvela kwimibutho elawulwayo kunye nakumaziko enzululwazi. Le ndlela yemithombo emininzi inika inkcazelo ebanzi yemeko-bume ngeli xesha ibandakanya amalungu oluntu kujongo lwemekobume nakubaphathi.

Imeko yengxelo yemo yezulu

UMkhomishinala weNkqutyana nokuLawulwa kweNkangeleko 1993 (INKCUKACHA) ufuna ukuba uMkhomishinala alungiselele iLizwe leMbindi Yomhlaba ukwenzela i-ACT okanye phambi komhla oza kumiselwa ngumphathiswa. Ingxelo yakutshanje yaba yi-2011 ye-ACTment State of the Environment Report egubungela ixesha eli-1 kweyeSinye se-197 ukuya ku-30 Juni 2011. Iquka isahluko esithetha nge-'Rhobe namanzi'.

Ingxelo yemekobume inikela uhlolo oluphangaleleyo lwemekobume kunye nenkqubo, ukuxilongwa kweengcinezelo zemekobume kunye nabaqhubi, kunye nokuhlalutyiswa kweempendulo zolawulo. Ezi ngxelo zisebenza kwiinjongo ezininzi, kuquka ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokwazisa, ukuxhasa ukujoliswa kolawulo loluntu, nokwakhiwa koluntu ngemibandela yemeko-bume.

Ulawulo olulungelelanisayo nenkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo

Ulawulo lwemekobume lwe-ACT lubandakanya imigaqo yolawulo lwemekobume, iqonda ukuba iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo zintsonkothile kwaye iindlela zokulawula maziguquleke ngokusekelwe kumava nakulwazi olutsha. Ulawulo olulungelelanisayo lubandakanya ukucwangcisa iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukuzalisekisa izenzo zolawulo, ukuqwalasela iziphumo, ukuqwalasela ukusebenza, kunye nokulungisa iindlela ezisekelwe ekufundeni.

Ukuhlaziywa nokuphinda kuhlaziywe rhoqo kwemigaqo-nkqubo yemeko-bume kunye nezicwangciso zokuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwemeko-bume luhlala lusamkela ukutshintsha kweemeko nokubandakanya ulwazi olutsha lwenzululwazi. Iinkqubo zohlolo ziqwalasela ugcino-lwazi, ingxelo enika ingxelo echaphazelekayo, kunye nokuvela kweengxaki zokuhlola enoba iindlela ezikhoyo zihlala zifanelekile okanye zifuna ukulungiswa.

Ukwanda Kocelomngeni Lokusingqongileyo Neendlela Eziza Kulandelwa Kwixesha Elizayo

Umthetho we-ACT wemekobume kunye nolungiselelo lwenkqubo luyaqhubeka luguquka ngokuphendula ukuvela kweengxaki zemekobume kunye nokutshintsha kolindelo lwentlalo. Iingxaki eziliqela ezingundoqo zisenokubumba indlela yexesha elizayo yokhuseleko lwemekobume kummandla.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kungumsebenzi oya kufuneka ulungelelwaniso oluqhubekayo lokulawula imekobume. Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, iziganeko ezimandundu eziya kuchaphazela indalo, ubuncwane bamanzi kunye nemekobume yasedolophini. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho nenkqubo iya kufuneka iqhubeke ilungisa ezi meko zitshintshayo ize ixhase imigudu yokuzikhusela nokuziqhelanisa.

Ukuzimisela kwentsimi ukufikelela ukhupho-gwegwe lomnatha ngo-2045 kuza kufuna umgudu othe rhoqo kuwo onke amacandelo kunye nokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokuthetha ngegesi evela kwicandelo elinzima njengezothutho nezakhiwo. Impumelelo ekufikeleleni eli xhoba iyakubeka i-ACT njengemodeli yesenzo semozulu ngexesha lokunika intlalo-ntle nezoqoqosho.

Ukulondolozwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo Ngengcinezelo

Izityalo eziphila ngokulinganayo zijamelana nengcinezelo eqhubekayo yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, iintlobo-ntlobo zezidalwa eziyingozi nezinye izisongelo. Ukulondolozwa kwendalo ngokunempumelelo kuya kufuna imilinganiselo eyomelezekileyo yokukhusela, ukudibanisa indawo ehlala kuyo, kunye nokusingisa ugcino-mhlaba. Isiseko somthetho sisenokufuna ukuguqula ukutshintsha ukutshintsha ukutshintsha kwempembelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigudu yokulondoloza isantya esithe chatha neendyebo.

Ukwanda kwemimandla yasezidolophini nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubela kubangela iingxaki eziqhubekayo zokulondoloza indalo, nto leyo efuna ucwangciso olufanelekileyo lokulungelelanisa inkqubela-phambili yokhuseleko lwemekobume. Ucwangciso lokulondolozwa kwendalo, kuquka ukuchazwa kwemimandla ephambili yolondolozo kunye nokusekwa kweepaseji zendalo, kuya kuba yimfuneko ekulondolozeni indalo kwiindawo ezikwizixeko ezimiyo.

Utshintsho lwemeko-bume engqukuva

Ukutshintshela kwimeko-ntle yesazinge kumele zombini izinto ezinyanzelisayo kunye nethuba loqoqosho. Ukufumana uqoqosho lwesazinge kuya kufuna utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kwimveliso nakusetyenziso, luxhaswe yinkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo. Umthetho weNkqutyana kunye nolawulo lwemiqathango uza kuqhubeka uxhasa imigaqo yesazinge kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwimpumelelo yemali.

Ucwangciso lomsebenzi womvelisi, imilinganiselo yokuyila ukubuyiselwa kobuchule, kunye nenkxaso yokulungisa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iza kuba zizinto ezibalulekileyo zotshintsho lwesazinge lwezoqoqosho. La manyathelo aya kufuneka apheleliselwe kukuphuhliswa kwemveliso yezorhwebo kunye nemfundo yabathengi ukuxhasa iindlela zokusebenzisa ezizinzileyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokuhlaziywa

Ubugcisa obuphuculwayo bunika amathuba okulawula imekobume nokuphumelela okunempumelelo kwenjongo zokusingqongileyo. Ubugcisa bokudibanisa obufana nezivo zemekobume, ugcino-lwazi olunemichiza, kunye nobugocigoci obungeyonkqubo bunganyusa ujongo lwemeko-bume, bukwazi ukwenza umgaqo ochanekileyo, kwaye buxhase ukwenziwa kwesigqibo esisekelwe kubungqina.

Ucwangciso lolawulo luya kufuneka luhlale lubhetyebhetye luze lulungelelanise izinto ezintsha eziluncedo ngexa kuqinisekiswa ukuba ubugcisa obutsha busetyenziswa ngeendlela zokuxhasa ukhuseleko lwemekobume. Oku kungafuna iindlela zokuhlaziya iindlela zokulungisa umgaqo ukuphendula imiba yemekobume evela kubugcisa obutsha ngeli lixa kusenza uphuhliso olunika iingenelo zemekobume.

Ukungalingani Kwentlalo Nokusesikweni Kwemekobume

Ukuqwalaselwa okukhulayo kweemeko-bume zobulungisa kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba iingenelo nemithwalo yemekobume isasaza ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uluntu. Umthetho kunye nenkqubo yokusingqongileyo kuya kufuneka ngokuqhubekayo kuqwalaselwe iziphumo ezisasazekileyo zezenkcitho yokhuseleko lwemeko-bume yaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba imigudu yokukhusela imeko-bume ayilonakalisi uluntu oluchanabeke ngokungenanjongo.

Ukufikelela okulinganayo kwindalo efana nendawo eluhlaza, ukukhusela kwiingozi zemekobume ezifana nongcoliso, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokusesikweni ekwenzeni izigqibo zemekobume zonke ziinkalo ezibalulekileyo zobulungisa bemekobume. Umiselo lwemithetho lungaguqula luthethe ngokucace ngakumbi ngezi ngqwalasela zifanelekileyo kulawulo lwemekobume.

Imbono yothelekiso kunye nolona Hlomelo

Umthetho we-ACT wemekobume ungaqondwa kumongo wothelekiso, uqwalasela indlela ezinokuthelekiswa ngayo iindlela zommandla nezinye imikhosi ye-Australia kunye nemisebenzi yezizwe ngezizwe engcono. Uhlalutyo lwentelekiso lunika uluvo kumandla esakhiwo seNkqutyana kunye namathuba okuphucula okuqhubekeka.

Ukhokelo Kwimozulu

Impumelelo ye-ACT ye 100 ekhulwini elivuselelwayo lombane kunye nokuzibophelela ekukhutshweni komnatha ngo-2045 ngokwendawo yelizwe njengenkokeli kwintshukumo yemozulu e-Australia. Olu khokelo lubonisa ukuba amaxhoba emozulu anemabhongo anokufumaneka kwaye anika imodeli yezinye iindawo. Amava entsimi ekufumaneni amandla anokubuyiselwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yemozulu kunika izifundo ezixabisekileyo kwabanye oorhulumente abasukela iinjongo ezifanayo.

Ulawulo lwemeko-bume oludityanisiweyo

Umlinganiselo odibeneyo we-AC nolawulo oludityanisiweyo lunceda ulawulo lwemekobume olulungelelanisiweyo kakhulu kunokuba kunokwenzeka kulawulo olukhulu nolwahlulo oluninzi lolawulo. Olu nxulumano luvumela ukuqwalasela okunempumelelo kweziphumo ezizizo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwemigaqo elungelelanisiweyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Indlela yokusebenza yengingqi edityanisiweyo inika uluvo kwiingenelo zomanyano kunye nocelomngeni lokufumana ukudityaniswa kolawulo oluntsonkothileyo.

Ukubandakanyeka nokwenza inxaxheba

Ukugxininisa kwe-AC ekuququzelweni koluntu ekwenzeni izigqibo zemekobume kubonisa ezona zinto zingcono ehlabathini lonke ekulawuleni imekobume. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba koluntu olunentsingiselo kuphuhlisa ubunjani bokwenza izigqibo, kwakha imvume yoluntu kwimigaqo yokusingqongileyo, kwaye kuxhasa ubumi bengingqi. Amava abonisa iingenelo zeendlela zokuzingcamla nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuyaqulunqwa kwaye kuyaphumelela.

Isiphumo: Umsebenzi wesakhelo wolawulo lokusingqongileyo

Umthetho wekomkhulu lengingqi ye-Australia umele inkqubo ebanzi nejikelezayo yokukhusela imekobume kunye nenkqubela-phambili ehlala ihleli. Ukusuka kuMthetho wesiseko wesiKhuselo semekobume yokhuseleko lonyaka-nyaka kumthetho okhethekileyo othetha ngezityalo, inkunkuma, amanzi, kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, inkqubo yowiso-mthetho inika izixhobo kunye neendlela ezifunekayo zokulawula imekobume ngendlela esebenzayo.

Umthetho wemekobume we-ACT ubonisa imigaqo engundoqo yemekobume, kuquka umgaqo okhuselayo, ukulingana kwendalo, kunye nokulondolozwa kwemekobume. Le migaqo ikhokela ukuphunyezwa nokucaciswa kwemithetho yemeko-bume, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume luhlala lusemgangathweni ekwenzeni izigqibo kurhulumente nakwibutho labantu.

Ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo komthetho wemeko-bume kufuna isibopho esiqhubekayo kurhulumente, kushishino, nakumacandelo oluntu. Amasebe okulawula kufuneka agcine ukujonga okunamandla kokuthobela nokuqinisekisa, amashishini kufuneka athabathe imbopheleleko yemeko-bume kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo, kwaye amalungu oluntu kufuneka abe nenxaxheba njengabemi abakhutheleyo bemekobume. Impumelelo ekukhuseleni indalo ixhomekeke kumgudu odityaniswe kunye kwimiqathango yemekobume.

Ukukhangela phambili, umthetho weNKCUKACHA uza kuqhubeka ucombulula imingeni evelayo, kuquka ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukulahleka kwezityalo, kunye nezithintelo zezibonelelo. Ukuzimisela kommandla ukufikelela umphunga womnatha wezero ngo-2045 kunye nokuqinisa ukhuseleko lwemekobume lubonisa intsingiselo eqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokusingqongileyo. Ukufezekisa ezi njongo kuza kufuna umgudu oqhubekayo, ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo, kunye nentsebenziswano kuwo onke amacandelo entlalo.

Amava e-ACT kumthetho wemekobume kunye nenkqubo inika ingqiqo exabisekileyo kwamanye amagunya afuna ukuphuhliswa okuzinzileyo nokhuseleko lwemekobume. Indlela edityanisiweyo yokulawula imekobume, amaxhoba emozulu anemabhongo, kunye nokugxininisa ekudibanisweni kwengingqi yoluntu kunika imizekelo yokulawula okunempumelelo. Njengoko imingeni yemekobume ikhula emhlabeni wonke, izifundo ezisuka kumthetho wemekobume we-Act zisiba ziyimfuneko ngakumbi kulawulo lwehlabathi lonke.

Ulwazi oluninzi olungomthetho wemekobume kunye namanyathelo ahlalayo, tyelela iMbindi yeMbali yeNkcubeko, uHlomelo kunye noLawulo loPhuhliso oluNcinekileyo oluHlanganisiweyo okanye uphando lwezibonelelo zeSebe loRhulumente loMmandla we-Australian loTshintsho lwemozulu, iNgxelo, Ukusingqongileyo kunye namanzi. Ukuqonda okungakumbi kumthetho kunye nenkqubo yophuhlisophuhliso-Phondo kungafunyanwa kwi- I-IUCN program yezobume bemekobume yemekobume yemekobume yehlabathi kunye neminye imibutho yezizwe ezilawula imekobume yemekobume.