Ukulungelelana Okungalawulekiyo: Intanjana Enamandla YaseOstreliya neMntla Korea

Ulwalamano lwe-Australia ne-Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) lulolona vavanyo lunzima lomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, la mazwe mabini aye agcina kuphela imisonto emincinane yezonxibelelwano, ehluthwe yiiyantlukwano ezisisiseko kwiingcamango, ukuma kokhuseleko, kunye namaxabiso angundoqo anceda abantu. Ucelomngeni olujongene nabenzi bemigaqo-nkqubo yase-Australia alukho nje kuphela ngokulawula utshaba olukude; lumalunga nokudibanisa inaliti phakathi kokungalawuleki, ukuthobela umthetho wezizwe ngezizwe zonke, nokulandela uzinzo olude kuNhlolo lwezizwe ngezizwe. Abafundi abafunda ngentlalo-mazwe, le meko icacisa indlela aqhuba ngayo uxinzeko oluphakathi phakathi kwemilinganiselo engundoqo, iimfanelo zomanyano, kunye ne-Pragmatism olufunekayo ukudibanisa umgaqo womthetho wezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Igalculus yezonxibelelwano yaseOstreliya intsonkothelwe ziinkqubo zezixhobo eziphambili zeDPRK, ukwanda kwazo ngokuzinxwema phantsi kwesigwebo, nolwalamano lwengingqi olunyanzela okanye olubangela ukuba uCanberra akwazi ukwenza izinto ezithile. Ukusuka kwigumbi lesikolo ukuya kwigumbi lekhabhinethi, ukuqonda ezi zixhobo kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe indlela amandla aphakathi afana neOstreliya anokuba nempembelelo ngayo apho ubuchule bokuzibamba ngokungqalileyo bulinganiselweyo.

Imeko Engokwembali: Unxibelelwano Lokulumka Nokuphazanyiswa Kwezinto

Ulwalamano olunzulu phakathi kwe-DPRK ne-North Korea lwamiselwa ngokusemthethweni [i-FLT:0] 31 Julayi 1974. Ngelo xesha, yayiyinxalenye yokunyibilika okubanzi ngexesha lemfazwe yoMsholo. I-Australia yavula i-ofisi ePyongyang ngo1975, kodwa yavalwa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva ngonyaka ka1978, ixhoba lexabiso elijikelezayo kunye nokunqongophala kwendlela yemibutho yezazulu. Emntla Korea, njengoko amazwe asentshona aye afuna ukubandakanyeka ne-DPRK de 2008, xa urhulumente wase Australia wayalela ukuvalwa kwe-DPRK kuvavanyo lwe-Ntlambo ye-2006 kunye neziphumo ze-UN. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwaqhutywa ngobude bendlela ye-Ntlangala. [2]

Kuyo yonke iminyaka yee-1980 kunye no-1990, uqhagamshelwano lwe-biteradal lwaye luncinane. I-Australia yanikela uncedo lokutya oluncinane lokunceda abantu ngexesha lendlala etshabalalisayo phakathi konyaka ka19990, kodwa ulwalamano lwahlala luchaphazelekile yinkxaso enamandla yeBhunga loKhuseleko le-U.S.ROK kunye nokugwetywa kwalo kweyelenqe le-U. Ingxaki yokuqala enkulu yabakho ngo- 2006 ngovavanyo lokuqala lwe-DPRK lwenyuk. Ngonyaka wama-2020, i-Australia yagxotha i-Australia yakhawuleza: i-coponstor Count Council Council Concurity Resolution 179, yafaka ingcelo ephambili yayo, kwaye yaluphelisa naluphi naluphi naluphi naluphi na uqhagamshelwano olungacwangciswanga. Ukuvalwa kwe-DPRK kwi-ofisi yomkhosi kunyaka wama-2009, kwarhoxilongo olusemthethweni lwase-Australia, kwathiza i-Australia, i-Australia, ichaza ngokuchanaba i-ognonelonyelwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Le mbali ye-arc(ukusuka ekugaxeni ngobulumko ukuya kufutshane- nento epheleleyo./izakhiwo zelizwe langoku lezobuzwe. I-Australia ngoku ingena kwiSilanga soMntla Korea ngeliso lokuqulatha nokuqinisekisa, kodwa ngolwazi olo nxibelelwano, nangona lulinganiselwe, luhlala luyimfuneko.

Ucelomngeni Lokuphela Kwekhorali

Imingeni yolawulo lonxulumano lwe-Australia/lwe-North Korea ayingolwe-biladal kuphela; luyisakhiwo, umthetho, kunye ne-geneografi. Umbindi ngamnye uqinisa ubunzima bokuphumelela okunentsingiselo.

Ukuxhalaba Kokhuseleko Nesisongelo Senyukliya

Olunye ucelomngeni olukhawulezileyo yinkqubo ye-DPRK eqhubela phambili kunye nesixhobo esiphehliweyo. Ukususela ngonyaka ka-2006, iKorea iqhube uvavanyo lwenyukliya olungaphantsi komhlaba nezixhobo ezininzi zokudubula, kuquka iintonga ezijulwayo ezidibeneyo (ICBM) ezithi zingakwazi ukufikelela e-Australia. Ngo-2017, umntla we Korea wavavanya iHwasong-14, enoludwe oluthelekelelwayo lwemakhilomitha alishumi) ebeka umgama ophakathi kwe-Australia. Ngoxa umkhosi we-Australia Defencencence umistrulee, uthelela ekunga uhlaselo oluthe ngqo, isisongelo sinegalelo ekungangeniseni kwemimandla yengingqi kwaye kunyanze i-Australia inyusa izibonelelo zokhuselo ezilungele ukufikelela.

Ukuphendula kwe-Australia kuye kwaphinda-phindwa kabini: ukomeleza amandla ayo okuthintela, kuquka ukuba nenxaxheba kumanyano lwe-AUS ukufumana iinkwili ezinamandla enyukliya, kunye nokuqinisa umanyano lwe-US-Australia. Kwangaxeshanye, iCanberra isoloko ixhasa ukususwa komsebenzi wokukhusela okuninzi, ukubiza iDPRK ukuhambisana nezigqibo zeNtlanga ye-UN. Le ndlela idibeneyo ibangela uxinezelelo: ukuma kwemikhosi eqinileyo kungenza ukuphithana, ngelixa ukuma okuthambileyo okungalawulekiyo. Abaphathi baseAustralia kufuneka baluphucule ngenyameko ulwimi lwabo, ngokukodwa kwi-ommuniques kunye nezinxulumaniswe njenge-South Korea kunye neJapan, ukunqanda ukunqanda ubutshaba obuphakathi be-Pyonghanyang.

Uhlazo lwehlabathi kunye noDiplomatic Friction

I-Australia ngumnyanzeli othembekileyo wemiqathango ye-UN, kodwa le ndima ibeke imiqathango enzima yezixhobo ezikhoyo zonxibelelwano. Ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kuthintela ukuthengiselwana kwemali, ukuthengiselwa izixhobo, kunye noninzi lwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho ebangela unxulumano lwentlalo-ntle. Umzekelo, amashishini ase-Australia akanakurhwebelana noMntla Korea ngaphandle kwaphantsi kokhutshelo olungqongqo ukuze afumane uncedo olunokunceda abantu. Oku kuthintela ngokunempumelelo uhlobo “loshishino lwezoqoqosho” olunokuthi ngamanye amaxesha lunikeze indlela yonxulumano oluqhelekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo olugunyazisayo ludala ibhatyi enciphileyo [[FLT: 1] kumagosa ase-Australia. Nayiphi na intlanganiso nabameli basemntla Korea kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokusondeleyo ukuze iphephe imbonakalo yemvume- yokusetyenziswa. Luncedo lomntu--nje njengaleyo isetyenziswa DFAT nge-NGOS(ilinganiselwe ekutyeni, kwisondlo, kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko zezamayeza, kwaye ayinakuquka izinto ezifana nesichumiso okanye oomatshini abanokuphambukiswa ekusebenziseni umkhosi. Oku kusondeze, ngelixa kuyimfuneko, kukhulula i-Australia i-screctiverial: ubuchule bokunikezela ngokusetyenziswa koncedo.

Amalungelo Abantu Axhalatyelwe Njengesithintelo Ekuncokolweni

I-Australia ibililizwi elizingisileyo kwi-UN lokuziphendulela ekuxhatshazweni kwamalungelo abantu kuMntla weKorea. Ixhasa iKhomishini yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yezigqibo zonyaka we-Inqury, iinkqubo zemali ezixhasa abaxhasi baseMntla Korea, kwaye ilugweba ekuhleni ulawulo lwe-DPRK lweenkampu zezobupolitika kunye nokunyanzelwa komsebenzi. Oku kujongwa kwemigaqo-siseko kuhambelana nemilinganiselo yezomthetho yamazwe angaphandle kodwa kubangela inkxalabo esisiseko ekuphunyeni nokumiselwa kwe-antsebenziswano.

I-Centre Korea ijonga nakuphi na ukugxekwa kwamalungelo abantu njengesenzo sobutshaba kunye nesindululo solawulo. Ngenxa yoko, izicelo ze-Australia zokuncokola ngamalungelo abantu zisoloko zilahlwa okanye zihlangatyezwana nobuchule bokuthetha obulwayo. Ngo-2022, xa i-Australian ithetha ngamalungelo abantu kwi-UN, i-PPRK, iPyongyang yaphendula ngamazwi atyhola i-Australia “poisoning”. Le ndlela ishiya ii-Australia zonyulo olunzima: mhlawumbi inciphisa amalungelo abantu anokuvulwa, okanye igcine ukuma kokuziphatha okuhle ngako nakuphi nako ukuphakama kwemijekezo. Kude, oorhulumente base-Australia baye bakhetha ulwalamano oluphambili, ngaphambi kokuba kuxhaswe ukubongelana kwemiqatha ye-bistiki.

Ulawulo lwengingqi kunye noxinzelelo lomanyano

I-Australia ayisondeli eMntla Korea ngokwayo. Indawo yayo iphenjelelwa kakhulu ziimbono kunye nezilangazelelo zamaqabane angundoqo: i- United States, yaseMzantsi Korea[, kwaye [[FLT]] iJaphani[[[FLT:]] .

Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lonyaka ka-2018-2018-2019 lemisebenzi yezoqoqosho ekwaphula imiyalelo yeKhoreya kunye ne-US-DPRK, urhulumente waseMzantsi Korea phantsi koMongameli weMoon Jae-in walandela inkqubo yokubophana eyayihambele phambili kune-Australia, kuquka inkxaso kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho ekwaphula imiyalelo. I-Australia yaxhasa ekuhleni inkqubo yezobuzwe kodwa yahlala ingaqiniseki, ukuma okubangela uxanduva ne-DPK. Ngokuphikisana noko, ngexesha lengxwaleko olwandileyo , njengoko kusenziwa emva komntla-Australia ka-201717: Hawandong-14-Australia kuhambelane ngokusondeleyo ukusondela kwendlela e-US, kuquka ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisetyenzana yezomkhosi kunye nesilumkiso somkhosi. Kule , ukuma kobuphicophelela kwe-Australia kusetyenziswa kwe-DPK kusetyenziswa kunye nokungadibani phakathi kobudlelana phakathi kobudlela bokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Ulwalamano neTshayina neRashiya lukwanegalelo kwiqumrhu. Zombini ezi zisebenzisa iBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN zithulela ukuthomalalisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, kwaye zombini zigcina umanyano lwezobuzwe kunye nezoqoqosho neDPRK. I-Australia isoloko izifumanisa ingavumelani neBeijing neMoscow, ingakumbi kumalungelo abantu kunye nemibandela yokhuseleko. Nangona ingeyonkcitho enkulu, oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwenkqubo yolungelelwaniso lwentlalo-luvo kwaye kuqinisa imiqathango yempembelelo yamandla aphakathi.

Izixhobo Nemigudu Edidayo: Oko IOstreliya Ikulingeleyo

Phezu kwayo nje imiqobo eyoyikekayo, i-Australia ayiwushiyanga ummandla wezonxibelelwano. Isebenzisa uluhlu lwezixhobo, ukusuka kwiqela lesithathu ukuya kumaqela ahlukeneyo.

Ubandakanyeko lwamacandelo amaninzi: Iintetho Ezintandathu Nezongezelelweyo

I-Australia asingomxhasi ngqo kwiNtshukumo Ezithandathu Zeqela (isiseko esingundoqo sentetho ecacileyo yoMntla Korea, esibandakanya i-Tshayina, i-US, iJapan, kunye ne Koreas ezimbini). Noko ke, iCanberra ibingumxhasi wezwi lenkqubo kwaye ibisoloko ibizwa ngokutsha, ekwabekiwe ukususela ngo-2009. I-hostlue iintetho ezithe ngqo, i-Australia ifak' inegalelo kwimicimbi ye- UMYALEZIN kunye neKhomishini yeNtlangamputha yezizwe ePhakamele i-Neutvisory [, kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo yokhuseleko lwengingqini efana ne-AS ASCONFFFF. Kummandla we-ARFFFF). Kunyakathompuma yase-Australia, kuquka i-Australia kunye nokufikelela koluntu.

Inkonzo Ekhethekileyo YaseOstreliya Yomntla Korea

Ngo-2019, i-Australia yamisa i-Evoy ekhethekileyo yokuqala kuMntla we- Korea, indawo ephethwe ngumphathi omkhulu we-Ms. Sally Dawes. Igunya lenginginya kuku “landela amajelo eentetho, ukwakha ukuqonda, nokusebenzisana namaqabane amazwe ngamazwe." Ngelixesha indima isezantsi, imele izama ukulondoloza umjelo wengxoxo naxa uthe wamiswa. I-omfom ye-omatilone eMzantsi Korea, eJapan, ne-US, kwaye iye yenza utyelelo kumda we-Panmjom. Noko ke, uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo namagosa e-DPRK luhlala lunqabile, lungangeniselwa ixesha lokudibana namazwe esithathu.

Ukudibana koncedo olunobuntlola nabantu

Ukususela ngo-1990, i-Australia inikezele ngaphezu [150 yezigidi] kuncedo lobuntu ukuya kuMntla Korea, ibonelelwa ngamaqumrhu e-UN kunye nee-NCOGO ezinje Imbono yomhlaba wonke [ kunye ne-Australian Cross ] Crosss [[FLT:]]. Olu ncedo ludla ngokuquka ukutya, unikezelo lwempilo, kunye neeprojekthi zamanzi. Ngexesha ifrefreethi eluncedo inceda iinjongo zokuthetha ngentlalo-lunts, zigcina umjelo ovulekileyo, zakhazinziswa naluphi naluphi naluphi ulawulo, kwaye zibonakalisa ukholo oluthe lululo oluthe k-Astrayo-CPR1920-20) luye lwasetyenziswa kakhulu ukususela ngo-2020202020, iinkqubo zoncedo oluthenjiso zisele luye lwaselunikezelwe,

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Ukugxothwa Kweembasa Ezingama - 2020 Nemiphumo Yako

NgoJanuwari 2020, amaqumrhu obuchule base-Australia agqiba kwelokuba oonozakuzaku baseMntla Korea babebandakanyekile ekufumaneni izigwebo, kuquka ukusebenzisa amalungelo anxulumeneyo ukurhweba izinto ezivaliweyo. Urhulumente wase-Australia waphendula ngokuvakalisa ii-DPRK condress messa ange-grata kwaye azigxothe. Oku kuhamba ngokunempumelelo kwaphelisa nayiphi na inkcubeko yezobupolitika yaye kwachazwa ngokubanziswa kakhulu njengemavaltime e-Australia. Unyaka we-Korea waphindiselwa ngokugxotha abaphathi ababini base-Australia abagxothwasePyonghang emazantsi abo eSeoul, uphawu olungokomfuziselo olubelunikwe ngokuba lungekho mbutho.

Ukugxothwa kwaphawula incopho esezantsi kulwalamano lwezigalo-mali, kodwa kwacacisa kwakhona imigca ebomvu yase-Australia: nawaphi na amalungelo onxibelelwano anokuphunyezwa ngokunyanzeleka. Ukususela ngoko, i-Australia ayinawo umjelo osesikweni wonxibelelwano noPyongyang, ixhomekeke kumaphondo esithathu , ngokuphawulekayo i-Sweden, ephethe ukhuseleko lwamandla e-US namanye amazwe aseMntla Korea. Eli lungiselelo lithambileyo kwaye liyacotha, kodwa lihlala lingumdlalo wodwa edolophini.

Ukuhamba phambili: Iinketho Ezicwangcisiweyo ze Australia

Xa kuqwalaselwa indlela egobileyo, ziziphi iindlela ezinokukhethwa yiAustralia? Akukho nanye elula, kodwa iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo zifanele ziqwalaselwe.

Ukugcina Imeko Entle

Indlela engagqibekanga kukuqhubeka uqinisekisa izingqiniso, ukuxhasa kwi UN, nokuphathana namanxulumani. Oku kusezantsi kodwa akuvuli nkqubela. Kugcina i-Australia ilungelelaniswe nenkqubo yase-US kodwa kuncinane ukuyila imivulo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umngcipheko ngowokuba iinkqubo zezixhobo ze-DPRK ziqhubeke zihambela phambili ngeli xesha imijelo yezixhobo yonxibelelwano ifumana imposiso.

Ukukhangela Izinto Ezikhethekileyo Zokwenza Ubungqina

Abanye abahlalutyi, njengabo bakwi- Icandelo le-Lowy, bacebisa ukuba i-Australia ifune ukukhutshwa kwemvume ngokuvunywa kwemvume ukuvumela incoko yamazwe kunye namanyathelo okwakha intembelo. Oku kungaquka iintengiso zenkcubeko, utyelelo lwemfundo, okanye iofisi yoncedo ePyongyang. Nangona intlupheko olusemthethweni noluchaphazelekayo kwezopolitiko, amanyathelo anjalo angabeka isiseko sendlela yexesha elizayo ye-rapchement. Noko ke, inikwe i-Australia eqinileyo yonke , i-US.Nt.Nt.Nt.

Ukuqinisa Imali Yombutho

I-Australia ingafaka ingeniso enzulu kakhulu kwiingxoxo zomanyano, isebenza noMzantsi Korea kunye neJapan ukulungiselela indlela edityanisiweyo enika imaphu ecacileyo yokukhulula ukuphelisa umpumlo ukuba i-DPRK ithatha amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukususwa konyuko. Oku kuya kufuna ukuhlaziywa kwemithetho eyahlukileyo yeSeoul (okukhetha ukuthenjiswa) neTokyo (okungakuninzi). I-Australia ingenza indima enika inkxaso entle kulwalamano lwayo namakomkhulu omabini.

Isiphelo: Ukungakhathalelwa

Ukulawula ulwalamano lwe-Australia noMntla Korea lulucelomngeni lwezibonelelo ngaphandle kwezisombululo ezilula. Ukungathembi okunzulu, izisongelo zokhuseleko, kunye nezivumo ezingqongqo zokwakha kuthetha ukuba ukuganana okunentsingiselo kuhlala kuyinto enzima. Kodwa ukuyeka unxibelelwano lwezonxibelelwano kukwaba yimpazamo enkulu. Njengolawulo oluphakathi lwezilangazelelo zomhlaba wonke kunye nozibopho kumyalelo osekelwe kwimithetho, i-Australia kufuneka iqhubeke ikhangela iindlela zokukhusela i-Koreanninkwindawo ephakamileyo, ngoxa iphakamisa amaxabiso ewakhuselayo.

Kubafundi bolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe, ityala leOstreliya-DPRK libonisa into edidayo: unxibelelwano lufuneka kakhulu apho kunzima kakhulu khona. Indlela ezayo iya kufuna umonde, ubuchule, kunye nokukulungela ukugcina imijelo naxa ibonakala ingazali. Ekugqibeleni, ucelomngeni alukokulawula ulwalamano noMntla Korea, kodwa luqinisekisa ukuba ubuchule bonxibelelwano buhlala bukhali ngokwaneleyo ukuthatha amaxesha anqabileyo xa umnyango, nokuba kulula kangakanani, uvuleka.