Isizathu Sokuba Uhlolisiso Olubalulekileyo Lubaluleke Ngoku Kunanini Na Ngaphambili

Ubuchule bokujonga inkcazelo ngeliso elinokuqonda busoloko buxabisekile, kodwa kwinkulungwane yama-21 buye baba bubutyala obungekho mthethweni. Yonke imihla, abantu badibana nogcino-lwazi oluninzi olubanzi (izihloko-lwazi, iintloko-ntloko zezentlalo, imicimbi yezentlalo, izibhengezo zezixhobo zekhompyutha, inkxaso exhasweyo, kunye neevidiyo zentsholongwane. Ngaphandle koqheliselo lokuhlola le mithombo, abantu basengozini yokwenza ukhetho olusekelwe kwinkohliso kunokuba lube yinto eyenzekayo. Oku akuthethi ukuba basebenzisele nje imfundo yolwazi, kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impilo kawonke, izigqibo, izigqibo zemali, kunye nokuthemba abantu.

Imikhosi yezonyuso ixhomekeke kwizixhobo zokukhetha ezinokuhlula ubungqina ekujijekeni. Xa amaqela amakhulu abantu engakwazi ukuchaza inkcazelo enokuthenjwa, ukukhutshwa kwemimandla ehlukeneyo, iingcamango zozungu oluninzi, neengxoxo zemigaqo zisuka zingabikho kwinyani. Kweli lizwe, ukufundisa nokuvavanya okunenkcaso enzulu kuyimfuneko kanye njengenkonzo yokuvota okanye yokuchonga.

Isiseko sohlalutyo lolwazi

Imigaqo embalwa esisiseko esekelwe kuyo isekelwe kwingxoxo yamandulo noncwadi lweencwadi.

Umthombo Wokomelela

Inyathelo lokuqala kukubuza ukuba ngubani owadala le nkcazelo nokuthi kutheni bekufanelekela ukuthetha ngalo mbandela. I-wlog yezamayeza ebhalwe ngugqirha oqeqeshiweyo ithwala ubunzima obahlukileyo kunobo bubhalwe ngumrhwebi. Jonga iisiqinisekiso, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nengxelo ebhaliweyo yochanekileyo. Imithombo ekwizikhundla ikhankanya ubungqina bazo kwaye inike icace ngeendlela zabo.

Ukuququzelela nokuNciphisanisa

Inkcazelo enomthombo omnye kufuneka isoloko iphathwa ngobulumko. Ukuhlahlela kuthetha ukukhangela ubuncinane ababini okanye abathathu abazimeleyo, imithombo ethembekileyo evumelanayo ngezibakala ezingundoqo. Ukuba ibali libonakala kuphela kwii-website ezisemacaleni okanye kwindawo enye yokukhupha iindaba ngaphandle kobungqina obuxhasayo, uthandabuza okusempilweni kuyafuneka.

Ubungqina Bobulunga Nengqiqo

Ingxelo eqinileyo ifuna ubungqina obunamandla. Hlola ukuba ugcino-lwazi olunikelweyo luvela kuphando olujongwe ngoontanga, izibalo zikarhulumente, okanye ingxelo yophando oluthembekileyo. Lumka kwizinto eziziimpazamo eziqikelelwayo . /Iiappals eziqiqayo /iiapplets ment syndrome, okanye iintlaselo zobuxoki ze-ad hominem. Ezi zidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuphazamisa kubungqina obubuthathaka.

Injongo Neebhiya

Ukuqonda loo njongo akuncedi ukujonga ukuthembeka kwayo. Kodwa ikhethe elingachazwanga okanye icebo eligqwetha izibakala zengxaki. Qwalasela ukuba ngubani oxhasa le ngxelo, omele afumane oko kuthethwa ngumbhali, nokuba ufunda ntoni na.

Ucelomngeni Olutsha Kula Matye

I-intanethi nejelo leendaba liye layiguqula indlela inkcazelo esasazeka ngayo, la mathuba neengozi ezinzulu.

Ulwazi Oluninzi Nokudinwa

Xa abantu bedutyulwa ngezigidi ngezigidi suku ngalunye, ubuchopho buthatha izinqumlisi. Oku kuthwala ingqondo kwenza kube lula ukwamkela umxholo ophambili ochukumisileyo okanye isiphelo esichukumisileyo ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa. Ukudinwa kukhokelela ekuthembeleni kwii-heuristics", “ukuba isuka kumhlobo othembekileyo, kufuneka ibe yeyokwenene”."engaxhatshazwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba abangalunganga.

Ulwandiso Lwemithetho Yomthetho

Umgangatho wezonxibelelwano wezentlalo ulungele ukuganana, hayi ukuchana. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwango-2018. Le mithetho ikhuthaza ukuchanabeka kwemikhwa eshukumayo ebangela ukusabela ngamandla ngokweemvakalelo (ukungazenzisi, uloyiko, okanye imincili) ngenxa yokuba igcina abasebenzisi besongwa. Ubuxoki bunganwenwa ngokukhawuleza ngokuphindwe kathandathu kunamabali okwenyaniso kumaqonga afana noX (ongaphambili bekwayithi Tut). Oku kujikelezwa kwezakhiwo kwimiboniso eshukumachiza kuthetha ukuba kwana abasebenzisi abakwaziyo ukucinga kakuhle bangachanaba kulwazi olubuxoki.

Unyuko Lwezinyosi Nee-ai Ezinamandla

Inkqubela-phambili yobuchule bokwenziwa ikwenze kwanokwenzeka ukwenza ividiyo yokwenene, isandi, kunye nemifanekiso ebonisa iziganeko ezingazange zenzeke. Le ngxaki iClieffakes (inkcazelo ecacileyo) kunye namajiko anzulu (amalaphu asetyenziswayo) icela ucelomngeni kwiingcamango zesithethe zokubona-skholi. Ividiyo ejijiweyo yelungu lezobupolitika elithetha into ekrakrayo inokuba yintsholongwane phambi kokuba nayiphi na into enokuthi ifumaneke. Lo maleko mngxibozi omtsha wenkohliso ufuna abahloli-manani be-ecens, njengemigxube-edia okanye intshukumo zeliso ezingavisisaniyo, nokuthembela kwimibutho yeendaba ethembekileyo enemithetho engqinelanayo.

Uvavanyo lwe-cogration enokuthi inqande

Kwanabo bafundileyo banokuxilongwa engqondweni ukuze bafumane inkcazelo engachananga.

  • Ukuzingqina kocalulo: Ukufuna ulwazi nokukholelwa oluqinisekisa iinkolelo ezikhoyo ngeli lixa ungazihoyi ubungqina obuphikisayo. Oku kusisithintelo esiqheleke kakhulu ekuqwalaseleni iinjongo.
  • Isiphumo sokutshintsha-tshintsha isiphumo: Abantu abanolwazi olusezantsi kumbandela basoloko benobuchule obugqithisileyo, bebenza bangabi namathuba okukhangela inyani okanye ukubuza kwiingcali.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukufumaneka: Ukugweba iziganeko ezisekelwe kwindlela elula ngayo engqondweni yemizekelo. Vivid, imbali engalibalekiyo ingadlula ngaphezulu kweyobungangamsha obuncinci kodwa ugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo.
  • Imposiso: Ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiceba lokuqala lolwazi olufikelelweyo, nokuba lithi kamva ligxekwe. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukurhoxisa kuba intengo yokuqala yobuxoki ihlala ikhona kwinkumbulo.

Ukuze woyise olu calucalulo kufuneka umgudu wequmrhu, njengokufuna iimbono eziphikisanayo, ukusebenzisa uludwe lwezibakala ezicwangcisiweyo, nokuqwalasela phambi kokuba ubelane ngomongo.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo Esebenzisekayo Yovavanyo Lwemihla Ngemihla

Iimodeli eziliqela noludwe lokuhlola lunganceda abantu bahlole inkcazelo ngaphandle kokuba bafune ukukhangela iinkcukacha ngobuchule.

Uvavanyo LweCRAAP

I-CRAP uvavanyo lwe-librarians lwaveliswa ekuqaleni, i- ivavanya i-CURT i-Curtence (ixesha), i-relevince[ (indawo ephambili yeemfuno zakho), [[FLT:]] i-Authority [[[FLT:]]] [iiiiiisiseko senkqubo [iiiiiiinkcukacha], ububanzi[[FLT] [iiiindlela] (izinto ezifunekayo nesiqinisekiso), kunye [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] [iiicebo lobukhokhokho] (iindlela ekhoyo). Faka ezi meko ezintlanu kwimibanununu okanye naziphithi ezimbalwa.

Indlela YeSIFT

ICIFT yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwemekobume yeInternet nguMike Caulfield kwiYunivesithi yeWashington State:

  1. [[FLT: 0] Yima: Misa phambi kokwabelana okanye ukwenza. Khangela imeko yakho yemvakalelo uze ubuze ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluninzi kusini na.
  2. Phendla imvelaphi: Fumana ukuba ngubani owadala okuqulethweyo nokuba zaziwa kusini na ukuba zinokuthenjwa.
  3. [[UMTL:0] Fumanisa intelekelelo ethembekileyo: khangela ezinye imithombo enegunya echaza ibali elinye. Ukuba akukho, yijonge njengengaqinisekiswanga.
  4. [[FLT: 0] izibhengezo ze Trace, iicatshulwa, kunye ne media kwimo yokuqala: Igalelo lomxholo wemicu ukusuka kwingxelo yokuqala. Nyukela umsinga ukuya kwisifundo sokuqala, umlomo, okanye ukhupho lokucofa.

Ukufunda Emva

Abakhangeli benyaniso basebenzisa ufundo lwasemva: endaweni yokuhlala kwiwebhsayithi enye ukuvavanya ukuthembeka kwayo, bavula ama-tab amatsha ukuze babone oko kuthethwa zezinye imithombo ethembekileyo ngeli nxuwa okanye iziphumo. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu kunokufunda ngokuthe nkqo (ukuqengqeleka kwelinye iphepha ukuze ufumane iziphumo). Ukufundisa abafundi ngenye inkqubela enokwenzeka kubuchule babo bokuchaza oko kuqulethwe yinkohliso.

Indima Yeenkqubo Zemfundo

Nangona amaziko amaninzi sele efundisa ubuchule bokwenza uphando, kufuneka agxininise ngakumbi ekufundeni izinto ngomatshini, ekufumaneni iinkcazelo eziphosakeleyo nakwi - Internet.

Ukukhuthaza Ukufunda Okubhaliweyo Ngapha nangapha Kwenkqubo

Iiklasi zemfundo yemfundo yesixhobo sobugcisa sokusasaza ulwazi zibalulekile, kodwa ubuchule bufuna ukuqiniswa kwimbali, inzululwazi, impilo, kwaneeklasi zezibalo. Umzekelo, ukuvavanya uxwebhu lwembali kwi-intanethi kufundisa uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi; uhlalutyo lwengxelo yempilo yentsholongwane lufundisa uvavanyo lobungqina. IStanford History Education Group ivelise uhlolo olubonisa ukuba abafundi bazazi kakuhle kangakanani izibhengezo kwiindaba, bayazazi iimbono, kwaye bayazi iziphumo zezentlalo-ndaba.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kwigumbi Leklasi

Ukusebenzisa imizekelo yehlabathi yokwenene yenkcazelo ephosakeleyo − njenge Pizzagate yeqhinga, ulwazi oluphosakeleyo, okanye imifanekiso esetyenziswayo evela kwimibhiyozo . "Inceda abafundi babone iziphumo zokungaqwalaseli kakuhle. Olu hlolisiso lufanele luquke iprojekthi yokuqala elahlekisayo, ubungqina obuthi yalahlwa, kunye nengozi yentlalo eyabangelwa yi-athority.

Ukunika Abafundi Amandla Okwakha, Hayi Ukuzingela Nje

Xa abantu abaselula befunda ukuvelisa izinto zabo eziqulethwe yi-"blogpost", iividiyo, amaphepha ophando − bayazi ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe umgudu ukuze bachane. Bakwafunda ukuxabisa iimbopheleleko zokupapasha. Iinkqubo ezifana nee-webhsayithi zomfundi okanye iiprojekthi zokubalisela ngamanani zinokuba luncedo.

Uqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle: Iqela lemfundo yembali – iKnobynline Ingqiqo yoMbhalo

Ubuxhakaxhaka njengengxaki kunye nesicombululo

Amaqonga amanani asoloko ekwindawo ebanzi yenqanawa elungileyo, kodwa anika izixhobo ezinamandla zovavanyo olubalulekileyo xa zisetyenziswa kakuhle.

Amanxuwa ajoliswe kwinyaniso kunye nezihlomelo zesikhangeli

  • [[UMTLL: 0] ICKCK. org kunye iPolitiFct inikeza uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo lwentengo zobupolitika.
  • Iziphekepheke zigquma amarhe eentsholongwane kunye namabali asedolophini.
  • [[UMTLL: 0] Inyaniso Ukukhangela [ kunye Inyaniso Ukukhangela ijolise kusasazo lwehlabathi lobuxoki.
  • Isikhangeli songezelelo olunje [[FLT]NewsGuard ibonisa ireyithingi zokuthemba amanxuwa eendaba kwiziphumo zokukhangela ngqo.
  • Imedia Bias/Fact ikhangela [ inika uluvo oluzimeleyo lwekhethe kunye nokuthembeka kuwo onke amawaka emithombo.

Izixhobo Zokuqinisekisa Ezizinzisiweyo

Ubuchule obuyenziwe bungavavanya imifanekiso yemiqondiso yokusebenzisa, uphengululo lomfanekiso ogqwethekileyo ukufumana imithombo yokuqala, kunye nohlalutyo lombhalo wendlela yolwimi ezixhaphakileyo kwiinkohliso. Izixhobo ezifana INVID (ukuze kuqinisekiswe ividiyo) kunye THINYE[ (uphendlo lomfanekiso) lusetyenziswa ziintatheli. Noko ke, ezi zixhobo zifuna uqeqesho lokusebenzisa kakuhle kwaye azizikhuseli zizenzisilumkisi, azizi ziluncedo ekugwebeni abantu.

Izixhobo zokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezisetyenziswayo

Abasebenzisi kumaqonga afana noYouTube, Facebook, noTikTok bangachaza umxholo abawukrokrela bubuxoki. Ezi ngxelo zibangela uhlolo lwangaphakathi, nangona ukusebenza nokungaguquguquki komthetho weqonga kusenempikiswano. Ukwazi indlela yokuxela iimpazamo/ kwaye ukwenza njalo xa kufanelekile, kukwisenzo soluntu esikonkqo.

Uqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle: Inyaniso Ikhangela [[[FLT: 1]

Iimbopheleleko zeKhabhini kwinkqubo yoLwazi

Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo asilobuchule nje bobuqu; ngumsebenzi owenziwa liqela. Ngalo lonke ixesha umntu ethetha ibali ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuba linjani, basengozini yokwandisa umonakalo. I-Misformation ingakhokelela ekurhoxiseni kwesamvo, ekungeneleni komqhankcatho, ekuqhatheni kwemali, kwanogonyamelo. Uluntu oluphathwe kakuhle luyindawo ephambili yedemokhrasi esebenzayo, kwaye ummi ngamnye unembopheleleko yokugcina eso siseko.

Imbopheleleko Yokulungisa Neyokufundisa

Xa udibana nabahlobo okanye intsapho yakho yabelana ngenkcazelo yobuxoki, ingaba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuqwalasela ubungqina kunokuhlasela umntu. Yinike enye imithombo, buze imibuzo malunga nendawo abayifumene kuyo inkcazelo, kwaye wabelane ngendlela yakho yokuyihlola. Ifulema njengengxaki enye."“ Bendisoloko ndikholelwa oko de ndihlole esi sifundo""=ingxaki yam yenzeke." --rather kunokuba ndizibonele.

Ukuxhasa Ubunewunewu

Ukufumana uphando lubiza imali eninzi, kodwa yenye yezona ndlela zokuzikhusela nxamnye nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo. Ukunikezela kwiindawo zokukhupha iindaba ezidumileyo, ukunikela kwimibutho engangeni ngeniso, nokukhuthaza ukuxhaswa kwemali yenkqubo yoluntu yolwazi lokufunda nokwenza ingeniso kungumsebenzi woluntu. Xa abemi bexabisa ubugcisa bobunewunewu, ukuthengiswa kokuchaphazelisa okanye ukuhlawulwa komcimbiso.

Ukuthatha Inxaxheba Kulawulo Lwasekuhlaleni Nakumaziko Oluntu

Iingxoxo ezijoliswe ngqo kwiiholo zedolophu, kwiintlanganiso zebhodi yesikolo, okanye kumaqela abantu basekuhlaleni zisoloko zixhomekeke kulwazi oluye lwahlulwa kwindawo ethile. Ukusebenzisa ubuchule obufanayo bokuhlola imvelaphi, ukuqinisekisa ugcino-lwazi, ukuqonda amaphepha-lwazi, kuthintela amarhe asekuhlaleni ekutshabalaleni uluntu. Iithala leencwadi zidla ngokufumana iikhasethi zokubhala nokubhala amanani; ukuya nokusebenza ngokuzithandela komeleza uluntu lonke.

Ingqikelelo yomhlaba wonke ngokufunda ulwazi

Amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo aye asebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha ngokusekelwe kumajelo awo eendaba nakwinkqubo yezobupolitika.

  • Finland ibiyinkokeli ekudibaniseni ukufunda nokufunda uluvo lwezixhobo zolwazi kwizifundo zesizwe ukususela ebuntwaneni. Abafundi bafunda ukuchonga iingcamango zenkohliso, uhlalutyo, nokuqonda indlela i-algorithm eziyilolonga ngayo imbono yabo. Olu ngeniso lwexesha elide luye lwaphumela ekuthembeni uluntu kwimithombo yezindaba kunye nokungachanaseki okusezantsi kokususa ulwazi.
  • .Tawan yavelisa inkqubo ekhawulezileyo yokukhupha i-okisa ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, apho abameli bakarhulumente kunye nabakhangeli benyaniso basebenza kunye ukuphelisa iintsomi zempilo engekho mgangathweni. Izakhamuzi zakhuthazwa ukuba zisebenzise umgca onikezelweyo ukuxela imiyalezo ekrokrelekayo.
  • I-European Union idlulise uMthetho weeNkonzo zamanani, ofuna amaqonga amakhulu ukuvavanya ubungozi obunxulumene nokusasaza okuqulathiweyo okungekho mthethweni okanye ukukhulula ulwazi kunye nokuthatha imilinganiso yokulungisa. Ikwaxhasa iinethwekhi ezizimeleyo zokukhangela intengo.
  • Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ajongene nocelomngeni olungephi lokungafundi nokufumana okusezantsi kwe-apply kunye nokungena kwi-intanethi, okwenza amarhe agcwaliswe yiAsApp angowona mthombo weendaba. Ii- Grasroots ziqeqesha iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa nokulungisa iimpazamo kwiilwimi zasekuhlaleni.

Uqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle: [[FLT: 0] Inkampani yelizwe elibonayo elinoxolo laseFinland – ulwazi lokubhalisa oluphakathi

Ukwakha Imikhwa Yobomi Obude Yococeko Lwenkcazelo

Uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo asiyosifundo sexesha elinye; kufuneka ibe ngumkhwa, ofana nokuhlamba izandla okanye ukukhangela macala omabini ngaphambi kokunqumla isitrato. Ukuqhelisela le mikhwa rhoqo kunciphisa umthwalo wobuchopho ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kwenza uvavanyo luzive luqhelekile.

  • Ukunqumama phambi kokwabelana. Zibuze: Ndiyiqinisele lento? Ndingakhululeka ukukhusela lento kwingcaphephe? Ukuphumla kweshumi lesibini kungakhusela iimpazamo ezininzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Inika intsingiselo yendlela oyitya ngayo iindaba. Ilandela imithombo enotyekelo olwahlukileyo lwezobupolitika kodwa idume ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kukukhokelela kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo ngexa uhlala ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sokuthembeka.
  • Ungayithandabuzi iingcinga. Isiqulatho esilungiselelwe ukukwenza ube nomsindo, uvuye, okanye ucaphuke kakhulu sisoloko siphuculwa ukuze sigqithe amandla akho okugxeka. phefumla ngamandla uze uphande ngaphambi kokuba wenze into.
  • Jonga utyekelo lwakho rhoqo. Mamela iimpikiswano ongavumelani nazo elukholweni olulungileyo. Sebenzisa ii-ums njenge Intelligent Disactreement okanye abagwebi beendaba abangoondilele ukucel ’ umngeni iimbono zakho.

Isiphelo

Ukujonga inkcazelo ngendlela efuna ukuqwalaselwa akuseyonto ingeyonto inokwenziwa ngokuzikhethela kwimfundo; ngumsebenzi osisiseko okhusela ukuzilawula kwabantu ngabanye kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ukusingqongileyo kwezi mini kuyilelwe ukuxhaphaza ubuthathaka babantu, kodwa ikwanikela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisinika amandla okuziphindezela. Ngokufundisa obu buchule ezikolweni, ukubuqhelisela kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuxhasa okuvelisa ulwazi olunokuthenjwa, umntu ngamnye unokuba negalelo kwibutho elinolwazi olungakumbi nolulungeleleneyo.

Indleko yokungakwenzi oko ilinganiswa ngokungathembani, imigaqo-nkqubo ephosakeleyo, nengozi engenakuthintelwa. Kwixesha apho inkcazelo inokusetyenziswa khona ngezixhobo, eyona ndlela inamandla yokuzikhusela yiyo ekwaziyo ukubuza imibuzo elungileyo nokufuna iimpendulo ezinokuthenjwa. Umsebenzi uyahlangatyezwana, yaye ixesha lokuthabatha amanyathelo ngoku.