Uvavanyo lwe Jury kwipropati esemthethweni neyingcali (IP) luquka ukudibana okukhethekileyo komthetho, ubugcisa, kunye nogwebo lwabantu. Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho yesiqhelo, ezi zimvavanyo zifuna ukuba abalawuli abanolwazi oluphezulu badibane nombandela obalulekileyo //yonke into esuka kwimisebenzi yezobugcisa namayeza okuphawula ukuphikwa nokusetyenziswa kwento efihlakeleyo yokusetyenziswa kakubi komthetho, ukusetyenziswa kakubi, ukungaqondakali, kwaye oku kujijwayelwe yimithetho ekhethekileyo ye-IP elungiselelwe ukulingana nokuntsonkothile komthetho we-IP kunye ne-ogractial ekunene kwetyala abachopheleyo. Eli nqaku lihlola indima efihlakeleyo efihlakeleyo kwi-IP, imingeni enzima abajamelana nayo, kunye novavanyo olubalulekileyo olusetyenziswa ngamagqwethawe-glottesss ephezulu.

Isiseko Sembali Nesomthetho Sezilingo Zomcimbi KaJury Kwityala Le-IP

UHlaliso lweSevenment kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. luqinisekisa ilungelo lokuchophela amatyala abachopheli-tyala apho imali exabana ingaphaya kweedola ezingama-20. Kumthetho osemthethweni, eli lungelo litolikwa ukuba lisebenze kwimibandela yokuchasana, umonakalo, kunye nemibuzo ethile yehambo engenakulinganiswa. Isigqibo esibalaseleyo seNkundla ePhakamileyo iMarkman v. i-Scview Actman. i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-IN [[FLT] [[96]] [196]) ikrolwe ngaphandle kwemiqathango egxekayo, ithi ukuma kwentsingiselo kunye nobungakanani bemithetho efuna imvume yokulawula ityala, hayi umgwebi. Oku kumisela umgwebi kwimi ye-projelo, i-A. [196]

Kumashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamaqumrhu eejaji ekufumaneni imvume esemthethweni kuye kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo, ingakumbi kwimimandla eyaziwayo ngemiqulu ephezulu yeemeko ze-IP enjenge-Eastern District yaseTexas, iSithili saseMntla-ntla weKhalifoniya, kunye neSithilishi saseDelaware. Ngoxa abanye abasebenzi bekhetha ukuvavanywa kwebheri yemiqathango kwiingxoxo zobugcisa, ubulungisa nokungagwebi kobujaji kudla ngokuqhuba amaqela afuna ilungelo lawo lomgaqo-siseko. Ukuqonda igatyando phakathi komgwebi nejaji kuyimfuneko nakweyiphi nayiphi na iprojela ekungeneni kule ndawo.

Indima Yombhiyozo Kwingxabano YeIP

Kwiziko eligunyazisayo kunye neIP, iimbopheleleko eziphambili zabachopheli-tyala ziquka ukuphazanyiswa kwemiqathango, ukuvavanywa kogunyaziso olugunyazisiweyo, ukuvavanywa komonakalo, nokucombulula iimbambano ezizinyani ezinxulumene nokuzikhusela njengokulindela okanye ukubonakala. Ngokungafaniyo namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, apho urhulumente kufuneka angqine ukuba unetyala ngokungaphaya kokuthandabuza okusengqiqweni, ukuvavanywa kwe-IP kusebenza kumgangatho ophambili wobungqina, oko kuthetha ukuba abachobi kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba kunokwenzeka kakhulu kunokuba kungachasana nomthetho owenzekileyo okanye ubuchule obungasetyenziswangasebenziyo.

Abachopheli betyala bakwasebenza ngokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwamangqina angoochwepheshe. Kumatyala amaninzi e-IP, iingcali ziluvavanyo lwe-linchpin lombandela . "iingxelo zobugcisa eziziko ziguqulela iinkcukacha zobuchule kwiingxelo eziqondakalayo. Abachopheli kufuneka bagqibe ukuba yiyiphi ingxelo yobuchule elula ngakumbi, ngokufuthi ivavanya ukukhuphisana kwenkcazelo yogcino-lwazi, iziphumo zovavanyo, kunye nobugcisa. Le nxalenye yendima yejaji yetyala iveza ilungu lomntu elinokuba ngamandla kunye nokungalawuleki ekulandeleni okusesikweni.

Ukongezelela, amatyala e-IP asenokucelwa ukuba aqwalasele imiba elingana nokungaguquguquki, enokuthi ithwale iziphumo zokophulwa ngomdla. Ezi zigqibo zifuna ukuba abagwebi bavavanye imeko yengqondo yommangalelwa otyholwayo, ngokubhekiselele kwiziphumo ezingalindelekanga. Njengokuba iFederal Treage iphawule kwiimeko ezifana [[FLT: 0]] SAAGUATE[[], umgca ophakathi kwengqikelelo oluneyo lwenjongo yomngcipheko kunye nenjongo yokuchasa ungatshona, ubeka umthwalo onzima kwimgqeqeshelo-mgqw.

Ucelomngeni Olukhethekileyo Lwezilingo Zobu Juli Kwityala LeIP

Ubuntlola bobuchule kunye nobuninzi bolwazi

Mhlawumbi eyona nto icacileyo kukuntsonkotha kobuchule obukhoyo. Imeko ebandakanya umlinganiselo we 5G we-tem-mnet, ubuchule bokulungisa i-CRISPR, okanye inkqubo entsonkothileyo yemichiza ingadinisa abalawuli abangakhange bafumane mvelaphi ekhoyo. Ii-Attorney kunye neengcali kufuneka zifumane iindlela zokukhupha iinyanga ze-injini ugcino-lwazi kwimiboniso neempawu zonxibelelwano. Ubungozi bokudidelwa kwemijikelezo okanye unxunguphalo luphezulu, kwaye uphando lubonise ukuba maxa wambi abaphathi bemijubhethanga kwi-cus-mentingw okanye ukuvutha kwengcamvo okanye ukucaca komfanekiso.

Ukuphazanyiswa kweNkxaso Nendima Yemfundo

Ukulwa oku, ngoku iinkundla zisoloko zivumela umboniso we-CDELT ekuqaleni kwetyala. Ezi zenzo zoluvo azithathi cala, inkundla ifunda ngokuchanekileyo ngolwazi olukhoyo. Abanye abagwebi bade bavumele abachopheli-mthetho babuze imibuzo ebhaliweyo (ngokuhlola igqwetha) ngexesha lokuvavanya ukuba bacacise iingongoma ezingaziqondiyo. Kodwa phezu kwazo nje ezi nguqulelo, umsantsa phakathi kolwazi lwamaqela kunye nolo lwejaji uhlala usisidibi esiphakathi. Ingxelo evela kwiZiko loMphathi-mthetho [[FLT:] [FLT]] ifumene ukuba abagwebi bejaji kwiimeko ezinzima ngokufuthi baziva belahlekile okanye benolwazi olunento olunzima", ikhokelela ekubeni bacinge ukuba bafek-'oklock'oklock' okanye banikezele izigwebo ezifileyo okanye banikezele.

Ukuchanaba Kwingozi

Kukude kude kude nenzululwazi eqinisekileyo. Abachopheli-mthetho bangava imizekelo ekhuphisanayo yezoqoqosho .[1] Icala elinye liphikisa i-odem esengqiqweni ngokusekelwe kwingxoxo ethelekelelwayo, elinye elikhuthaza ingeniso elahlekileyo okanye umyinge oqhubekayo wobukumkani. Zombini amacala asebenzisa uhlaziyo oluntsonkothileyo lwemali kunye nobungqina obungoonolwazi, kodwa abachopheli-mthetho kufuneka bakhethe inani elivakalelwa ngokusesikweni. Olu gqiza lubangela ukungasoki; umonakalo kwimiba epheleleyo ungasuka kumawaka ambalwa eedola. Amatyala aphezulu e-96 eenjiko afana . [Samsung ]

Ii-biases ezinokwenzeka kunye “nomqulu othe ngqo”

Abasebenzi bazisa amava abo obomi kunye nezimo zabo enkundlani. Abo basebenza kumacandelo obugcisa basenokuthandabuza ukuvunywa kwemvume ezibanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo, abagwebi bacatshukiswa yingcamango ye- “ii-trolls” (iiinkqubo ezingahambi kakuhle) basenokuba bachasene nomntu oqhelekileyo. I-Voirrad isisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokubhenca iimbono ezinjalo, kodwa asifezeki. Abagwebi kufuneka babuze imibuzo ekhabayo ngaphandle kwekhethe ngaphandle kokuphambukisa iqela labantu abaphezulu. Kwimimandla apho ukukhanyisa kuqhelekileyo, abalawuli benqanawa basenokuba sele beqalile izimvo malunga nee-ofisi ze-ofisi ezizimeleyo, ngokubhekele inkqubo yokukhetha.

Inkqubo Yokuvavanywa Kwetyala Elinentloni

Ukudinwa kwangaphambili

Iwotshi yetyala elisemthethweni iqala iinyanga phambi kokuba iingxelo zokuvula. Inkundla ithetha ukuba kuthethwa ngetyala lolwakhiwo, imisela ucwangciso olufutshane, kunye nezisombululo zokuchasa ulawulo olufutshane, ingakumbi ukuthatha inyathelo lokugweba ngokufutshane kokungangeni kwishumi elinesigxina okanye ukungafezeki. Ukuba ityala liyasinda, ukhetho lwabachopheli-msi-jaji luyaqhubeka. Ityala elibi lisoloko landiswa, namagqwetha ahlola iimvelaphi zobugcisa, amava agunya, kunye nalo naluphi na uqhagamshelwano kumaqela. Ukuqinisekisa nocelomngeni olulula nokusebenzisa imingeni elungileyo kunokwenza ukuba irekhodi yejaji ngobulumko.

Ukuvula iNgxelo noKhuselo loMcimbi

Iingxelo zokuvula zithuba lokuqala ukuxelela ibali elinomxholo. Abamangali badla ngokunikela ingxelo yohlaziyo olubiweyo; abamangalelwa bafaka ingxelo yabo ngokubhekiselele ekungasebenzini kwemvume okanye ekungakhutshelwanga. Intsalela yetyala ngumda wokuzimela ngqo nokunqamleza i-preuplessuest[9], kwicala ngalinye bebiza iingcali ezininzi ukuba zithethe ngokuchasiweyo, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nezomonakalo. Intelekelelo zisoloko zikhona, kwaye ijaji kufuneka ilawule ngokukhawuleza kwimiba ecacileyo enokuthi ingqina ukuvavanywa.

Imiyalelo Elandelayo kunye nezindululo

Xa iqukumbela ubungqina, ijaji ifunda imiyalelo ebhaliweyo. Le miyalelo ikhupha imigangatho esemthethweni yokuchasa okanye imfundiso efana nayo, ukubaluleka (ukukhangela phambili, ukubonakala kolwazi, ukwenziwa kwento ekhoyo), kunye nomonakalo. Ngenxa yokuba umthetho osemthethweni untsonkothileyo, imiyalelo ingaba ngamaphepha amaninzi. Abaququzeleli kufuneka basebenzise le miyalelo kwizibakala abazivileyo. Ulwamkeli lungahlala ixesha elide okanye iintsuku. Xa abachobi bebuya ngesigqibo, isoloko iphendula utho lwabancindiso abakhethekileyo: Ngaba imvume ifundelwe kwimveliso etyholiweyo? Ukuba kunjalo, ikhowudi esemthethweni ilungile? Ukuba yiyiphi impendulo esemthethweni?

Izicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo zokuBonelela

Yenza Ubomi Bakho Bube Lula Ngaphandle Kokugqwetha

Umthetho oyintloko walo naliphi na igqwetha elivavanya i-IP uthi: “Yenze ibe lula, kodwa hayi lula.” Iindlela ezingcono zokuyivavanya zisebenzisa intetho ecacileyo kunye nolwimi olucacileyo ukudlulisela iingcamango zobugcisa obusemgangathweni. Umzekelo, imvume yendlela yonxibelelwano engenantambo ingachazwa ngokufanisa abantu ababini abazama ukuthetha ngeqela elinengxolo. Iinkuphelo ezibonakalayo kufuneka zicace, zingabi nanto, zingabi nanto imbini, kwaye zingabikho ngqongqo.

Ukukhetha Nokulungiselela AmaNgqina Adumileyo

Ukunyaniseka kungundoqo. Abaququzeleli badla ngokuthemba ingcali enxibelelana ngokucacileyo, evuma ukungaqiniseki apho kufanelekileyo, kwaye imbonakalo engabonakali ifanelekile kumxhasi. Ucwangciso lwangaphambili lwezomthetho kufuneka luquke uvavanyo oluthe ngqo nolunqamlezileyo ukuze bavavanye ukukwazi kwengcali ukuchaza phantsi kwengcinezelo. Iingcali zimele zifunyanwe ngokufutshane kwimida yejaji kwaye ziqeqeshelwe ukuphepha ulwimi lobugcisa. Iingcali ezingcono zingabafundisi----

Ukulindela Nokugada Inyama

Ngexesha lobungozi, amagqwetha afanele abuze imibuzo evulekileyo ngeembono zejaji, zolwakhiwo, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu. Umzekelo: “Ngaba ucinga ukuba unegunya okanye uthintela izinto ezintsha?” kwaye ukhe waliva igama elithi ‘ troply’? Ithetha ntoni kuwe?" Iimpendulo zingatyhila ikhethe elinzulu. Kukuqala, amagqwetha afanele athethe ngentloko yayo nayiphi na impatho embi enokuthi umchasi asebenzise, akhuphe umenzi wobuhlanga njengomdali kunomenzi. Ngexesha lokuvavanywa, isiluleko simele sigcine isimilo esigqithisiweyo; ii-jurio ezibonisa ukungalungi.

Uthelekiso nezilingo ze-benk kwityala le-IP

Asizizo zonke iityala ze-IP eziya kwinkundla yabachopheli-tyala. Ngokukhethekileyo xa umthetho ungalungiswanga okanye izibakala zintsonkothe kakhulu, zisenokulichaphaza ityala kwibhentshi. Iimvavanyo ze-Bench zinika iingenelo ezicacileyo: ijaji iyaziqonda ngokunzulu imvume, isenokufuna ukupheliswa kwesigqibo esifutshane, kwaye isenokukhupha uluvo oluqikelelelwayo olunokuba lula ukukhusela isibhedlele. Noko ke, iimvavanyo zebhedrini azinaso isiqinisekiso sokuba isalathi zibonelelwa, kwaye isigqibo sisoloko sivunyiwe. Unyulo phakathi kwetyala lomthetho ogwebacho novavanyo lwebhele lunye yezigqibo eziphambili, kodwa lungenza iimvavanyo eziphezulu. U. Pttent noTrent [FLD]

Utyekelo Lwakutshanje Nobuxhakaxhaka Bobugcisa

Ukutshintshwa kweligiga kwamanani kutshintshile indlela ekwenziwa ngayo ityala elisemthethweni. Ii-ligion ezigunyazisa ukuququzelelwa kwejaji. Ii-pasethi ezikude, ii-dential demode, kunye neemvavanyo ezipheleleyo (eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lesifo se-COVIDÍ19) zivelise amandla amatsha. Kwilixa elikude, abachopheli bajonga ubungqina bobugcisa kwikhusi labo, obunganciphisa ukudidekaliswa kodwa bungaphelisi ukupheliswa kweziphumo zetyala kodwa kwakhona kuncitshiselwe kweziphumo zetyala. Abanye abagwebi ngoku basoloko bevumela ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso e-3D okanye kwanemfaniso yenkundla. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyuka kwezixhobo zobuchule bobugcisa obungephiweyo kunye nobungqina kuqalisa ukutshintsha isantya nokusetyenziswa kwexabiso nokusetyenziswa kwexabiso lokuvavanywa. Kodwa ukucelwa kwemiqatha ye-12% yabantu abagqibekileyo.

Enye intsingiselo kukusetyenziswa okungakumbi kwee-IP ezikhethekileyo, njengePatent Pilot Program kwiinkundla ezithile zesithili, ezinika abagwebi amatyala asemthethweni ngoqeqesho lobugcisa. Aba bagwebi basenokukulungela ngakumbi ukunikeza umgwebo wesishwankathelo okanye umonakalo owenziwe ngokugqithisileyo, ngaloo ndlela bemisela indima yabagwebi abakhethekileyo kunye neejaji eziqhelekileyo zokuzalana kwabantu zidala imo yendalo enempembelelo apho i-locus yesigqibo [“grafingsss" isoloko itshintsha.

Intshukumo nezibheno zasemva

Kwanasemva kwesigqibo sabachopheli-tyala, ityala alikapheli. Ityala eliququzelelwayo lingase liphendulwe ligwetywe ngemigwebo njengetyala lomthetho (JMOL) okanye libe livavanywe ngokutsha, liphikisa ukuba iimfuno zabachopheli-tyala azixhaswa bubungqina okanye zichasene nobunzima bobungqina. Ukuba ijaji ityala livumela u-JMOL, isigwebo sabachongi sipheliswa/ukupheliswa ngokuphawulekayo. Iqela elilawulayo lingafuna ilahleko olunyusiweyo okanye irhafuzelo lwetyala phantsi kwe-35.S.C. 285. Emva koko lifumana isibheno kwiNkuqulo sezibheno zeNkuhlela zeQutho lweFederalo, ezithi ziphinda zididene ne-ecene.

Ukuqonda indawo yasemva kwetyala kubalulekile nakweliphi na iqela elicinga ukuchophela ityala. Isigqibo sabachopheli-tyala asisosiphelo; sisiqalo nje sendlela ende ngeminxeba kunye nesibongozo. Izigqibo zeqhinga ezenziwa ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwetyala. "ezifana nokulondolozwa kwemiqathango, ukuthunyelelwa imiyalelo yejaji, nokukhethwa kwesigqibo ``````ikhankanyiweyo''''.

Iindawo Zokufundisa Nezokwema Ngokwasemthethweni

Kubafundi bomthetho kunye namagqwetha asebenza ngokufanayo, isitshixo setyala lokuchophela amatyala kwi-IP sifuna ukudityaniswa kobugcisa bobugcisa, ubuchule bokuphendula ngokuphandle, nokuqonda ingqondo. Ubuchule bokuchaza into entsonkothileyo evezwe ngabaphulaphuli yinqwelo emele ifakwe ngamava. Abaquququzeleli kufuneka bafake imali kwiimvavanyo zentelekelelo, amaqela ajolise iintlanganiso, kunye nabacebisi bejaji bejaji betyala imbali. Kufuneka basoloko besebenzisa imithetho ebhaliweyo kunye nokhetho lwezomthetho kwimimandla apho basebenza khona. [[FLT:] [0] Iziko lolwazi lolwazi olukwiSikolo somthetho saseCornelkl: 1] lunika isiseko esithembekileyo sokuqonda umthetho osuk'ukileyo, ngoxa [FLT]

Ekuqukumbeleni, iinkundla zejaji ezigunyazisayo nezifuna iinkcazo zempahla ezisemthethweni nezingongoma zihlala zilelinye lamabala anzima nanomtsalane ohlaziyiweyo. Ukudityaniswa kobungqina obuphezulu bobugcisa obungaphelelwa lixesha kunye nenkqubo ye-graving jubicism bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba banxibelelane ngokucacileyo, bacinge ngokungqongqo, kwaye bahlonele imiqathango yokufumana imvume yabantu. Njengoko ubugcisa buqhubeka bukhawulezisa, imfuneko yokuboniswa kwengxelo esebenzayo yabacholi-jaji iya kukhula kuphela. Abo banolwazi olunolwazi oluphezulu oluphezulu lobugcisa baya kunceda abaxhasi babo baqhubekeka kakuhle kwaye bagcine ukulungele ukulingana okunempumelelo phakathi kokukhusela nokuqinisekisa impumelelo.