Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kurhulumente kusisiseko soluntu lwedemokhrasi. Xa abemi bebandakanyeka kumgangatho worhulumente nowesizwe, babumba ngqo imigaqo-nkqubo, imithetho, kunye noqingqo-mali oluchaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla kususela kumgangatho weendlela nezikolo ukuya kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko lohlanga kunye nokhuseleko lonyango. Olu khokelo lwandisiweyo lunika imaphu ebanzi yendlela yokubandakanya imicimbi yezentlalo-ntle, ukugquma ikonkcethelo, oovimba, kunye nobuchule kuzo zonke imigangatho.

Isizathu Sokuba Ube Nenxaxheba Kwimibandela

Izigqibo zikarhulumente zichaphazela phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi banamhlanje. Abenzi bomthetho bamaFederal babeka ezona zibalulekileyo kwirhafu, ukufuduka, imimiselo yokusingqongileyo, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu. Iimeko zikarhulumente zilawula imigangatho yemfundo, izibonelelo zezithuthi, inkcubeko, kunye namanyathelo empilo kawonke-wonke. Ngaphandle komgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo wommi, ezi zigqibo zinokuqhawuka kwiimfuno nakumaxabiso abantu ababakhonzayo. [[FLT: 0] Ilizwi lakho liyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhlola amandla[[ kunye nezenzo ezincinci zokuthabatha inxaxheba.]

Unyulo lwase-U.S. lwahluka-hlukene, kodwa luthi lujike kwaye lungakhuthazi ukujongwa kwabo banexesha elininzi, imali, okanye uqhagamshelwano oluphakathi kwequmrhu. Ngokudibanisa le nkqubo, unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba uludwe olubanzi lwembono luvakala. Ngaphezu koko, ukubandakanyeka kulwakhiwo lwengingqi lukarhulumente, komeleza ukuphendula, kwaye kukhuthaza ingqiqo yokunika imbopheleleko eyabelweneyo. Njengo owayenguMphathi-mthetho oPhakamileyo uLouis Brandeits owaziwayo, “Oyena ofisi yezobupolitika ibalulekileyo yeyo yeyo yommi wabucala.”

Ukubandakanyeka Kumgangatho WeFederal

Urhulumente wengingqi usingatha imiba enqamleza imigca yesizwe okanye efuna umanyano lwesizwe. Ukuba nenxaxheba kwakho kweli nqanaba kuthumela imiqondiso eWashington malunga nezinto eziza kuqala namaxabiso. Ngapha koko ziindlela eziphambili zokwenza ilizwi lakho liviwe.

1. Bhalisa kunye noMsebenzi kuLunyulo loManyano

Ukujija yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuphembelela inkqubo karhulumente. Yonke iminyaka emibini, zonke izihlalo ezingama- 435 kwiNdlu yabameli ziphezulu kunyulo, kwaye malunga nesinye sesithathu sezihlalo zeNdlu yeNdlu yeQela siyakhuphisana. Unyulo lomongameli luyenzeka rhoqo kwiminyaka emine. ivote yakho ikhetha abenzi bomthetho abaza kubhala nokuvota kumatyala achaphazela ubomi bakho.

Ukuvota, kufuneka ubhaliswe kwilizwe lakho. Amazwe amaninzi anika ubhaliso kwi Internet, ngelinye ixesha amanye afuna ifomu yephepha. Khangela imithetho karhulumente wakho kwi [[FLT: 0].USA.gov ubhaliso lovoti iphepha okanye sebenzisa [.gov[FLT]. ukufumana iinketho zakho zelitikethi. Patha ingqalelo ekubekeni ixesha elipheleleyo (* irelathi iintsuku ezingama-30 phambi konyulo. Xa ibhaliwe, abahloli nemilinganiselo yebhola ukuze uvote ngokuthemba. Uvoteko lwangaphambili kunye neposi zikhona ngokubanziweyo; ukunceda ezinketho lwakho ukuphepha iilayini ezinde zonyulo.

2. Xhumana namagosa Amiselweyo

Abenzi bomthetho baxhomekeke kwintsingiselo engundoqo ukuvavanya uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ngexa i-imeyili enye okanye umnxeba ungawubhukuqa umlomo omkhulu, ongaguquguqukiyo nowokufikelela ngaphandle okunobunewunewunewu buphembele izinto eziphambili zowiso-mthetho. imiyalezo elungele ukusetyenziswa koobumba isebenza kakhulu kunefomati.

Fumana umeli wakho wase U.S. kwi indlu. gov[[FTL:1] kunye neeSihlali zakho kwi .gov. Iindlela zonxibelelwano ziquka:

  • [[FLT: 0] Ifowuni ze-Phone-indlela ekhawulezileyo yokubhalisa uluvo kwivoti elindeleyo. Cela ukuthetha nomthetho olawulayo osingatha umba.
  • Ii-email – Sebenzisa uhlobo loqhakamshelwano olusemthethweni kwi-website yelungu. Yigcine ifutshane, ichaze indawo yakho, kunye nenombolo ezithile zentelekelelo ukuba kuyenzeka.
  • I-imeyile yeposi yeposi – Usaphatha ubunzima, ingakumbi xa idityaniswe nezinye iziqu.
  • [[FLT: 0] I- media ye- – ezininzi ii-ofisi zijonga izithuba zikawonke-wonke, kodwa oku kufuneka kongezelelwe, hayi ukubuyisela/_ukutshintsha uthungelwano.

Xa uqhagamshelana negosa, zichaze njengommeli (uquka idilesi yakho epheleleyo), yiba nesidima uze ucace, uze ulandele emva kwesigqibo okanye kwevoti ukuze umbulele okanye ungavumelani ngentlonelo.

3. Yiya kwiiHolo zedolophana nezakhiwo zentengiso

Amalungu eBhunga asoloko eqhuba iintlanganiso zeholo yedolophu okanye ezona nkcukacha zedolophu, ingakumbi ngamaxesha okunqumama. Ezi ziganeko zikunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo ngqo kwaye uphulaphule iingcinga zomamkeli womthetho kwimicimbi yangoku. Ixhotyiswe ngombuzo okanye inkxalabo ethile. Ukuba iholo yedolophu ayicwangciswanga, khangela ummeli okanye ubize kwiofisi yesithili ukubuza ngeziganeko ezizayo. Ii-ofisi ezininzi ziphinda zilungiselele ngentlanganiso eziqukuqelayo kuFacebook okanye kuYeutube, zivumela ukuba abekho kude.

4. Fakani kwiphulo lokukhuphisana

Iphulo lokubhalisa elinye lobugqwirha elibandakanya i-arhente, i-asethi ye-asethi yabemi bomzi wengingqi livakalisa ifuno elikhulu. Imibutho yesizwe efana ne-American Liberties Union, i-Sierra Club, kunye ne-Lifa leMveli leMelika (ukuthimba nje ezimbalwa) iqhuba iphulo elilungelelanisiweyo eliquka ukubhalisa umnxeba, inqwelo-mfono, i-leta, kunye nemiboniso kawonke-wonke. Ungaqalisa kwakhona iphulo lakho lasekuhlaleni kwinkupho efana ne-intanethi, iinzuzo zamavanjiko, okanye intshukumo yemozulu.

5. Masitsha - ntliziyo Kumaphulo Omanyano

Amaphulo ezobupolitika eKhonklethi okanye umongameli uxhomekeke kumatsha - ntliziyo okunkqonkqoza emnyango, ukubophelela iimfonomfono, ukungena kogcino-lwazi, kunye neziganeko. Ukusebenza ngokuzithandela akuncedi umbhaptizi kuphela ukuxhasa kwakho kodwa kukwakhulisa ukuqonda kwakho inkqubo yokunyulwa. Amaphulo amaninzi anikela uqeqesho kumatsha - ntliziyo amatsha. Kwaneeyure ezimbalwa ngeveki angenza umahluko kugqatso olusondeleyo. Sebenzisa amanxuwa afana [[FLT: 0] ugcino-Ballopedia ukufumana abatshayi nomqondiso wabo wesitsha - ntliziyo.

6. Dibanisa imibutho yesizwe

Ukuba lilungu lesizwe esijolise kwimbambano oyikhathaleleyo ngempembelelo yakho. La maqela anabaququzeleli abangoochukuqeshi, amaqela angokwasemthethweni, kunye neenkqubo ze-media ezinika uphando kunye namaqhinga. Imizekelo iquka uManyano lwaManyano lwaMabhinqa [ [[FLT]] (isivumelwano sonyulo), [[FULT:1] [iiindawo yokunyulo], [i-Calmon's' [iiiiiintembekiselo] [iiiiiiiiiii-CM'scearts's', [iiiiii-FLT] [i-ARGLT] [5] [iiiiindawo esezantsi ephakathi kwabantu abadala-onkethi-manyeneyo okanye amalungu anika izibonelelo ezikhululekileyo kunye nezenzo ezikunika izilumkiso ezithe xa uqhagamshelana kuwe. [iiiiiiiii

7 Hlala Uzazi Izinto Ezithethwa NguMasipala

Ukuganana okunentsingiselo kufuna ulwazi oluthembekileyo. ulandela imithombo emininzi yeendaba enesatifiketi esinesidima eneembono ezahlukeneyo zomhleli ukwakha imbono elungeleleneyo. Izixhobo ezingundoqo zokuhlola ziquka:

  • .gov - iindleko zeTrack, iivoti, kunye nokuchola kwekomiti.
  • USA.gov – I-octiverial contifications neenkonzo zikarhulumente.
  • GovTrack.us - Inxuwa le-exential enezishwankatho ezicacileyo zomthetho.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ubhaliso olusemthethweni – impapasho yemihla ngemihla yemithetho ecetyisiweyo kunye namathuba okugqabaza kawonke-wonke.

Kwakhona cinga ngokutyikitya istyiti yamaphepha-ncwadi avela kubameli bakho nakumaqela angengawo amaphondo emfundo anjenge iCertient ye-CBIC Education.

Ukubandakanyeka Kwiqondo Lelizwe

Oorhulumente banamandla amakhulu kwimigaqo echaphazela uluntu lwakho ngqo: indlela izikolo ezixhaswa ngayo ngemali, iindlela ezinokufumana imvume yokuqhuba, nendlela ezinokulawulwa ngayo. Ngenxa yokuba iindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zidla ngokudibana iinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela ngonyaka, ixesha nomgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwabemi unokwenza okanye ukuphelisa ityala.

1. Ukuvotelwa kokhetho lwezoburhulumente

Unyulo lwephondo lwerhuluneli, abamisi-mthetho bakarhulumente, kunye nee-collet attendendums zibaluleke njengokhuphiswano lwaseburhulumenteni . ngamanye amaxesha iVoti iqhele ukuvela kunyulo kurhulumente isezantsi kakhulu kunomongameli oneminyaka, okuthetha ukuba uvotelo lwakho luthwale ubunzima obukhulu. Amazwe amaninzi aba nonyulo “kusukela iminyaka” (iminyaka ebhalisiweyo) yendlu yocamelo kunye neeofisi zommandla. Khangela ikhalenda yonyulo karhulumente wakho nonobhala wakho weofisi yeRhulumente. Sebenzisa .[FLT] org ukuqinisekisa nokufumana ii-boloart.

2. Ukudibana namagosa karhulumente namagosa

Abameli besizwe kunye nee-senate zisoloko zifikeleleka kakhulu kunabenzi bomthetho wesizwe. Abaninzi bagcina ii-ofisi zesithili ezincinane kwaye bamkele iintlanganiso zobuqu. Ikhonsathi okanye i-imeyili yokucwangcisa ukumiselwa. xa bexoxa ngetyala elikhethekileyo, ngalo lonke ixesha babhekisa inani lemali yemali yesizwe (umz., “SB 123” okanye“HB 456”.

Amagosa omgangatho karhulumente akwaquka iibhodi ezinyuliweyo kunye noothunywashe abanje:

  • Ibhodi yeSizwe yeFomati – Imisela imigangatho yolwazi lolwazi kunye neemfuno zokuphumelela.
  • IKhomishini yeNkcubeko yePublic – ivumela umbane kunye namanani amanzi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ibhodi yoMgangatho wesiGqeba – iphinda ilawule ungcoliso lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokusetyenziswa komhlaba.

Ezi ndawo zidla ngokuba nemiphumo ephantsi ebantwini, ngoko iileta nobungqina obuvela kubemi balapho bunokuba nempembelelo ephangaleleyo.

3. Yiya kumaNcamange okuNcoko nokuNgenisa

Amagosa karhulumente neekomiti zowiso-mthetho ziqulunqa amatyala kawonke-wonke ukuze ziqokelele igalelo kwimigaqo ecetyiweyo nasematyala. Ungafumana ucwangciso lokuva kwi-website karhulumente yowiso-mthetho okanye ngesaziso sikarhulumente. Lungamisela uxwebhu olufutshane (imizuzu emi-3), luzise imibhalo eshicilelweyo, luze lutyikitye kusengaphambili ukuba iyafuneka.

Ukuba akukwazi ukuya ngokobuqu, amagqabaza abhaliweyo adla ngokuvunywa. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba “kukubhaliswa komthetho nokugqabaza.” Kwimimiselo emininzi yorhulumente, ixesha lokugqabaza liyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni, kwaye gqabaza ngalinye kufuneka liphindwe. Gxinisela umyalezo wakho kwiziphumo ezisebenzisekayo zesicelo: ingayichaphazela njani intsapho yakho, ishishini lakho, impilo yakho? Imizekelo yenkcubeko inamandla.

4. Ukusebenza kwiibhodi zoluntu

Amaphondo amaninzi kunye nezikolo zigcina iibhodi zokwazisa kwimibandela efana nokwaluphala, ezothutho, impilo kawonke-wonke, kunye neenkonzo zolutsha. Ezi bhodi zenziwe ngamatsha - ntliziyo amiselweyo anikela ingcebiso kumasebe karhulumente. Ukukhonza kwibhodi ekhuthazayo kunikela ukutshona okunzulu kweenkcukacha zenkqubo kwaye kwakha ulwalamano nabenzi besigqibo.

Ukufumana amathuba, khangela i webhsayithi yakho okanye uqhagamshelane nomabhalane wakho wengingqi. Amanye amaphondo anawo amaBhunga obuPhofu eeprojekthi kulutsha nakumatsha. Iinkqubo zenkqubo ziyahluka. Ezinye zifuna isiqalo esifutshane neleta yomdla.

5. Batsha - ntliziyo Kwiinkqubo zikaRhulumente

Iinkqubo zokuzithandela ezilawulwa yiRhulumente zikhona phantse kuzo zonke iziko. Imizekelo iquka:

  • Imo yaseSitement Parks ne-Profects Actives – ugcino loTrading, iinkqubo zokufundisa, kunye neziganeko ezicocekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isebe leHealth [ – ingxubusho yexesha likaxakeka elungiselelwe ukuqhekeka, ikliniki zokugoma, kunye nokuphuma koluntu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Isebe lokhuthuzo – ukhukuliso-ungenamdla wenkunkuma ekhutshwayo ekwindlela ephakamileyo kunye namaphulo okhuseleko lwendlela.

Ukunikela ngokuzithandela kukunika ulwazi ngendlela urhulumente asebenza ngayo yaye kukuvumela ukuba unxibelelane nabasebenzi abasebenza nzima ababumba inkqubo yokuphunyezwa kwemithetho.

6. Yiba nenxaxheba kwiintlangano zasekuhlaleni

Izahluko zobulali zelizwe ezingangeni ngeniso zidla ngokuba yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphembelela inkqubo yezwe. Umzekelo, ulungiso lwengingqi SEIRRA Club isahluko singasebenza kumgangatho wamandla ovuselelweyo, ngelixa inxaxheba yangaphakathi isahluko singajolisa kulawulo lwezobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Xela amaqela akhoyo okanye uqali manyano oluselumelwana oluhamba isixeko nezigqibo zikarhulumente. [[FLT:]] Igalelo lomntu ngamnye kwigalelo.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Okuthabatha Inxaxheba

Nokuba ngaba ubandakanyeka kumgangatho karhulumente okanye karhulumente, la maqhinga angenza imigudu yakho ibe nempembelelo engakumbi:

  • chaza [- amanani entengiso athe ngqo, umbutho we-'iID' yedokisi', okanye izinto zoqingqo-mali zemigca. Indumiso jikelele okanye ugxeko aluncedo.
  • Yiba nentlonelo kwaye uqhubekeke – amagosa kawonke-wonke kunye nabasebenzi baphendula ngcono kunxibelelwano olunesidima. Ukuba awufumani mpendulo, landela emva kweveki.
  • Yakha uthungelwano - Yabelana ngemigudu yakho nabamelwane, abasebenzi kunye noluntu olukwi-intanethi. Izixhobo eziququzelelweyo -- njenge mail butz- iphawuleka kakhulu kunemiyalezo eyahlukeneyo.
  • Yazi ikhalenda – Izindlu zowiso-mthetho ezininzi zisebenza kwimimiselo eqinileyo. Ungeno ekuqaleni kwentlanganiso okanye ixesha lokugqabaza lunokwenzeka kakhulu ukubumba isiphumo kunemingcipheko yokugqibela.
  • Thyila impembelelo yakho – Gcina irekhodi elula yoonobumba abathunyelweyo, iintlanganiso, kunye namagosa aqhagamshelane nawo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uzakubona imilinganiselo kwaye uyakwazi ukutshintsha indlela osebenza ngayo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Qala umncinci [ - Khetha umba omnye owukhathalele ngokunzulu kwaye ujolise kuwo iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ubunzulu bubongamela ukuganana koluntu.

Ukoyisa Iengxaki Eziqhelekileyo

Abemi abaninzi baziva besoyikiswe okanye besoyikiswe ziinkqubo zikarhulumente. Qaphela ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba ube yingcaphephe kuyo yonke inkqubo. Amava athenjiweyo aluncedo nanamandla. Ukuba ungumzali, umnini weshishini omncinane, umfundi, okanye umguli, amabali akho anamandla kakhulu kuneengxoxo ezingaqondakaliyo.

Imiqathango yexesha yinto yokwenene, kodwa iindlela ezininzi zokuthembisana zinokwenziwa ngapha kwemizuzu engama-30: ukubhalisa kwivoti, ukuthumela i-imeyili kummisi-mthetho, okanye ukusayina isicelo. Ukuba ukuhamba ngokomzimba kulucelomngeni, iindlebe ezininzi ngoku zinikela ukufikelela ngenkcitho ngoMdla okanye umnxeba. Ukuba isiNgesi asilolwimi lwakho lokuqala, urhulumente kunye neewebhsayithi ezininzi zinika izixhobo zokuguqulela, kwaye ungacela umtolikisi ukuba aphendule iindlebe zikawonke-wonke.

Isiphelo: Amandla Okuqhubeka Unenxaxheba

Urhulumente nakweliphi na iqondo usebenza kwizityholo zempendulo. Xa abemi bethulile, abamisi-nkqubo baqikelela ukuba imeko yemeko iyamkeleka. Xa abemi bethetha ngentlonelo, ngokungqalileyo, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ```badala ukhuhleko olufunekayo ukuze kutshintshwe. [[FLT: 0] Uxanduva lwakho alufuni ukuba lukhulu okanye lube nesibindi. Ummeli omnye oya kwiholo nganye yedolophu kwaye abhale ii-imeyili ezithelekelelayo zingaba lilizwi elithembekileyo kwindlebe yomphathi wemithetho. Iqela elincinane labamelwane abalungelelaniselane kwinkupho yesixeko banokuguqula ibhunga yebhunga yengingqi.

Idemokhrasi asingomdlalo wababukeli. Ngokuvota, ngokuqhagamshelana nabameli, ngokuya kumava, ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, nangokuhlala usazi, uthatha umthi wakho kwizigqibo ezibumba ikamva lakho. Qala ngesenzo esinye namhlanje, uze wakhe khona. Inkqubo ivulekele wonke umntu.

[[UMTLL:0] "Eyona ndlela ingcono yokungaziva uphelelwe lithemba kukuthatha inxaxheba.” — Michelle Obama

Ukhokelo olubhekele phaya, uphando USA.gov iphepha kumagosa anyuliweyo kunye neNgqungquthela yesizwe yemithetho yelizwe yemiqathango yelizwe] yoovimba bomgangatho karhulumente.