Ukwazisa: Ukuxhasa Amalungelo Amancinane Kwihlabathi Elineengcamango ZobuGcisa

Njengoko intlalo, unqulo, kunye nogonyamelo zisiya zihluka, ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane kuvela njengesiseko solawulo lwedemokhrasi kunye nobulungisa bentlalo. Amaqela amancinane ("achazwa ngokubhekiselele kwisizwe, kunqulo, kulwimi, kwimbonakalo yesini, okanye kwisiphene)) ngokufuthi ajongene nezithintelo ezinokuqhubekisela phambili imijikelo yobuhlwempu, ukucalulwa, kunye nogonyamelo. Ukugada la malungelo angowona malungelo asemthethweni kodwa ayimfuneko yokomeleza lonke umgangatho woluntu. Xa abantu abambalwa begunyazwe begunyaziswe ukuba babandakanye ngokupheleleyo kubomi babantu, izithethe, iintsapho zingenelwano ezoqoqosho, i-Dynamsm, kunye nezakhiwo ezithe kratya. Ngokuphikisana noko, ukutyeshelwa kwamalungelo abantu abambalwa, iingxabano ezingoko, kunye nokuqhekekayo. Ukuqonda amalungelo apheleleyo entlandlo-ntle eekho

Ayintoni Amalungelo Amancinane?

Amalungelo amancinane abhekiselele kwiZigqibo zeZizwe ezikhethekileyo zokhuseleko nezigunyazisiweyo ezinikwe abantu abangamaqela angooNontlalo, amaMarhanelwa angoo-manani okanye anamandla amancinane anxulumene nabemi abalawulayo kwilizwe elithile. La malungelo afakwe kumthetho wezizwe ngezizwe, ngokungakumbi iSindululo seZizwe Ezimanyeneyo samaLungelo abantu AbangenaSizwe okanye Amalungu esizwe, Amahlelo amancinane onqulo noweziNjikelezo [[FULT:1], amkelekile ngo-192. Isindululo siyaqonda ukuba amaqela amancinane anelungelo lokunandipha izithethe zawo, athetha kwaye asebenzisa unqulo lwawo, kwaye asebenzisa iilwimi lwawo, kokubini kuluntu nakuwonke. Imigaqo engundoqo equka amalungelo amancinane angokwaluhlanga, ukulungelenawomthetho, ukulondoloza inkculo, kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwisigqibo sokuzibandakanya kwabo.

Kumgangatho wesizwe, amalungelo amancinane asoloko edityanisiwe kwimithetho-siseko, echasene nemithetho yocalulo, kunye nemimiselo ethile . "njenge-I Canadian Multliculituralisism Act okanye ilungiselelo loMgaqo-siseko waseIndiya weShedydyd Castes kunye neSepted Communications. Ezi zixhobo zomthetho zizimisele ukucombulula okungekho sikweni ngokwembali kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba amaqela ambalwa awacetywanga phantsi kwimimandla enjengemisebenzi, izakhiwo, imfundo, kunye nomelo lwezobupolitika. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amalungelo amancinane awawaniki amalungelo akhethekileyo; amalunga nokuthoba ibala lokudlala wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umniniwo, unethuba lokuphumelela.

Indaleko Yamalungelo Amancinane Embali Iyakhusela

Isiseko samalungelo amancinane sakutshanje savela emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, njengoko uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe lwavumayo ukuba ukutshutshiswa kweqela elincinane kungakhokelela kugonyamelo oluyintlekele. ISindululo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu (1948) samisela umgaqo wokungadibani, kodwa kwathabatha amashumi amaninzi angakumbi eezixhobo ezithetha ngokungqalileyo ngeqela elincinane. Ixesha lemfazwe yomlomo labona inkqubela elinganiselweyo, kodwa ukuwohloka kweSoviet Union nokukhula kwengxwabangxwangu bezizwe ngo 1990 kwakhuthaza ingqwalasela entsha. Isivumelwano se-UN, kunye neNkulumbuso-U. Isivumelwano esingunxaxhulumelwayo esingu-46 seNkukhuselo yeNational Movement [195] [iiiiiii.1] iBhunga loMbutho waseYurophu ngonyaka ka19999, inikezelwe yisikhokelo esibanzi. Namhlanje, kukhundla olubanzi lwasemsebenzini lweziko lwemi olufana ne-UN.

Iinzuzo Ezintlu - ntlobo Zokukhusela Amalungelo Ancinane

Ukhuseleko lwamalungelo amancinane asingomdlalo we zerosamam. Xa uluntu lufakela ingeniso ekudityaneni, iimbuyiselo zivakala kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngezantsi zingezinye zeengenelo ezibalulekileyo ezixhaswe luphando nemizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene le 76.

Ukuzibandakanya nothintelo lwengxabano

Ucalucalulo nokucalucalulo lungabangela ukungazinzi. Uhlolisiso lwango-2018 lweBhanki yehlabathi lufumanise ukuba amazwe anezinto ezikhusela ezomeleleyo kumaqela amancinane afumana iziganeko ezimbalwa zesiphithiphithi nogonyamelo. Umzekelo, emva kokuba ngqaumphartheid South Africa, ukuqwalaselwa komgaqo-siseko kweelwimi ezili-11 ezisemthethweni kunye nokusekwa kwamaziko afana neKhomishoni yamaLungelo e-Humanisko yanceda ekunciphiseni iingxwabangxwa zesizwe. Xa amaqela ambalwa anemingxwabangxwaba kwinkqubo ekwangurhulumente, ukufikelela kwimicimbi esesikweni, nokuqwalaselwa kwenkxalabo yenkxabelo.

Ukukhula Kwezoqoqosho Nokuhlaziywa Kwezinto

Ingxelo yonyaka ka-36% yamathuba okufumana ingeniso ngaphezulu kwenani labasebenzi abahlukeneyo, abaqeshwa abambalwa kwimfundo nakwiimarike zengqesho bafumana ukuba iinkampani eziphezulu ze-U.S. zinokuba negalelo elibonakalayo kuqoqosho lwezizwe ngezizwe, ama-36% anokuba nemali engaphezu kwe-100 yezigidi zezigidi zemali. Xa imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali ivumela iintsana ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo ($* ngemiqobo yezigidi zezigidi ezilishumi). Xa imigaqo-mthetho ivumela abambalwa ukuba bathabathe imiqobo yokuthenga ityala, ukuthenga iingcongcongcongconi, ukurnano-e, kunye nokurhweba. Ngaphezu koko, iimbono ezahlukeneyo: njengendawo yehlabathi ye-technoloji (GPS) kunye nee-dias zaveliswa ngokweenxenye ye-injiko.

Ulawulo Lwedemokhrasi Lomelezwa

Amaziko aqukayo asemthethweni kwaye ayasebenza. Xa amazwi amancinane eviwa kwiindlu zowiso-mthetho, iinkundla, kunye nee-bureaucracy, iinkqubo zibonakala zinokuba neziphumo ezininzi zoluhlu lweemfuno. Uphando olusuka kwi- International commental Institute for Democratic and Electoral Confict (IDEA) lubonisa ukuba amazwe anenkqubo zokulinganisa ngokulungeleleneyo athambeka ukuba nomelo olungcono. Umzekelo, imimiselo yemithetho-siseko yeRwanda izihlalo zabafazi nolutsha, kwaye iPalamente yawo yenye yezona zidume ziduke kakhulu ngokwesifanayo. Ngokufanayo, i-Māoriordate ziqinisekisa umelo lwendawo yoluntu. Ezi ndlela aziluphuculyo nje umgangatho womgangatho womgangatho wolawulo-demokhrasi nolawulo lwawomntu wonke okhuthazayo.

Iingxaki Eziqhubekayo Ezijamelene Namaqela Asebancinane Namhlanje

Nakuba kukho inkqubela engokwasemthethweni, amaqela ambalwa ayaqhubeka ejamelana nemiqobo eqatha.

Ikhethe lenkqubo kunye neBhayibhisi eGqityiweyo

Uphando lusoloko lusekelwe kwimiba yebutho labantu eliqeshayo (ukuqesha, ukuthengisa izindlu, iprojekthi, kunye neenkqubo zonyango. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abafaki-misebenzi abanamagama agqalwa “njenge-ethick", bafumana ii-partum ezimbalwa, kwanaxa iimfaneleko zabo zifana nezininzi ze-formennames. E-United States, abaqeshwa bamakhaya abamnyama nababhinqileyo baseSpaniya basengozini yokungavunyelwa ukuba bafumane imali eqeshiweyo okanye banikwe amagunya asezantsi. EYurophu, abantu baseRom, abahlala ezindaweni nasemfundoni. Le mizekelo ayisoloko ingumphumo ocacileyo wekhethelo olucacileyo; basoloko besuka kwimibango abathathi bemi bocalucalucalucalu-lucalu-luvo nemithetho ebekeyo engekho mthethweni.

Ukunikezelwa Kweziko Lezobupolitika Nezezoqoqosho

Kwinkoliso yedemokhrasi, amaqela amancinane anezikhundla ezinyuliweyo ezincinane kakhulu kunesabelo sawo sabemi ebezinokucebisa. Uhlolisiso lwama-2021 olwenziwa yi-Inter preplaliamentary Union lufumanise ukuba phantse ipesenti enye yabameli bepalamente ehlabathini lonke ingamalungu eqela lemveli, nangona abantu bomthonyama bebumbane bebumbana abantu abamalunga nama-6% kubemi bomhlaba wonke. Ngokufanayo, kwiigumbi zamaqumrhu, amaqela eempuluswayo, amaqela amaqela esizwe nawabantu bonqulo aphantsi kwamazwe amaninzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimbono ezimbalwa zisoloko ziphuthelwa kwizigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezinkozo zoovimba, iprojective, imfundo, kunye nocwangciso lwezixeko.

Ukuthiya Ulwaphulo - mthetho Nokukhathazwa Nge - Internet

Ugonyamelo olujoliswe kumaqela amancinane lusasoloko luyinkxalabo enzulu. Ngokutsho kwe Ukunyuka kwendlela yokhuseleko neCopreaper in Europe (OSCE]), ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthiyileyo ````````````````'''''',',',' kuquka ukuhlaselwa, ukuphangwa, ukuchaswa kwempahla, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi'', ukusetyenziswa kwe-aream',' kunye ne-arson'''. Ukunyuka kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwezentlalo melo kukwabangela ukuba kubekho ugonyamelo olungelulo, kunye neendawo ezincinane ezikwisigaba sobudala obuqhelekileyo zifune ulawulo olusemthethweni nolawulo olutsha.

Ukufumana Imfundo Efanelekileyo Nocoselelo

Uluntu oluncinane lusoloko lujongene nolwahluko kwimfundo kunye neziphumo zempilo. Abantwana abahlala eKhanada nase-Ostreliya basafunda kwizikolo ezinezinto ezimbalwa nezisezantsi. EUnited States, umlinganiselo wokufa kweentsana ezimnyama uphindwe kabini kunalowo weentsana ezimhlophe, ukubonakalisa ukungalingani kwendlela yokufikelela konyango nomgangatho wempilo. Imiqobo yolwimi, ukungaqondi kakuhle kwabaxhasi, nokungabi namfaneleki koochwepheshe kwala macandelo. Ngaphandle kokungenelela oku, le mida ingenza ubuhlwempu nokungangeneleli komgangatho wemi kungenelelo lwempilo.

Amanyathelo Okuphumelela Kwamalungelo Olutsha: Indlela Ephambili Yokufikelela

Ukhuseleko olunempumelelo lwamalungelo amancinane lufuna ukulungelelaniswa kwesenzo somthetho, semfundo, sezoqoqosho, nesezobupolitika. Ngeli ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezisekelwe 76 ezibonise iziphumo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo somthetho eqinileyo kunye nonyanzelo

Imithetho iyodwa ayanelanga, kodwa inika isiseko esiyimfuneko. Amazwe kufuneka amisele umthetho obanzi ochasene nongquzulwano ogquma umsebenzi, indlu, imfundo, neenkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza , njengeekhomishini zamalungelo abantu ezizimeleyo, i-ombudspersons, kunye neenkundla ezikhethekileyo (ngoo) ezimele zixhaswe kwaye zinikwe amandla aneleyo. Umzekelo, umgangatho namalungelo abantu kwiKhomishini yoLawulo loBukumkani boluntu unegunya lokuqhuba uphando nokufaka isaziso sokugcinwa komsebenzi. Kumgangatho wezizwe ngezizwe zonke, ithi i-ravinggggnogq kwaye iphumeze iNdibano ye-UMFUS

Isenzo sokuqinisekisa kunye nezihlolo

Kumazwe apho ucalucalulo lwembali luye lwadala umahluko omkhulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuvuma yexeshana inganceda ekunyuseni ibala lokudlala. Inkqubo ye-Indiya yokusebenza yeShedymady Castes kunye neMidaba Egodid kwimfundo kunye nomsebenzi kawonke-wonke incede izigidi zabantu ukuba zikwazi ukuzisusa ebuhlwempu, nangona ziqhubeka iingxoxo ngokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neziphumo ezingalindelekileyo. EBrazil, inani lohlanga lwabafundi baseyunivesithi liye landisa ukukhutshelwa kwabafundi abahlala e-Afrika ne-Brazil. Imigaqo enjalo kufuneka yenziwe ngocoselelo ukuze kuphetshwe ukuhlazeka nokuncitshiswa kwesidima kwaye iphele ziinkqubo zoluntu ezibangela ukungalingani.

Intetho Yesidlangalala Nentetho Yesidlangalala Equka Amaziko

Imicimbi yomelo eendaba. Xa iqela elincinane liboniswa kwi-stereodial okanye kwindima ezingalunganga, ikhethe lingaqiniswa. Ngokuchaseneyo, umelo olulungileyo nolwahlukeneyo lungaguqula iqela elincinane lize likhuthaze uvelwano. Oorhulumente, ngokunxulumene nemibutho yogcino-lwazi, bangaxhasa iinkqubo ezibonisa iiyantlukwano zebutho labantu. ICanadian Broadcasting Corporation (CC) kunye ne BBBC inenyathelo lokwandisa iinguqu zokodwayo nge-3936 ekhusi nasemva kwekhamera. Ngaphezu koko, iphulo lokwazisa abantu ngokubanziswano oluluvo. Ngokunjalo “INdlela Yokungaluthiyo i-luvo Yoluvo-" ngeBC.[3] IBC. IBC.

Ukunikwa amandla ngeentlangano ezincinane

Abaxhasi abaphumelelayo bamalungelo amancinane badla ngokuba ngamaqela amancinane. Abaxhasi kunye noorhulumente kufuneka banikeze inkxaso kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo kumaqumrhu asekuhlaleni amele iimfuno ezincinane. La maqela anganikela uncedo olusemthethweni, iinkqubo zokulondoloza inkcubeko, ucebisi lweenkokeli eziselula, kunye namaqonga okuze kungenelele iinkonzo zobupolitika. Umzekelo, i-National Association for the Advanced People (NAACP) kwinkonzo ye-S kunye [[FLT:] ne-AFLT] ye-AFORD ye-OURD yezomthetho e-Australia iye yaba luncedo ekuqhubeleni phambili amalungelo abantu. Ukuxhasa izicwangciso ezinjalo ziqinisekisa ukuba izicombululo eziqhelekileyo neziko.

Indima Eguqulayo Yemfundo Kumalungelo Aphezulu

Imfundo sisixhobo esinamandla sokuqhubekisela phambili nokuphelisa ukungalingani. Xa iiklasi zesikolo ziquka abantu kwaye zingenayo imvelaphi yasekuhlaleni, imfundo isenokuphelisa izithethe eziqhelekileyo kwaye ixhobise abafundi ngolwazi ukuze bacel ’ umngeni ucalucalulo. Ngokuchasene noko, iinkqubo zemfundo ezingazihoyi imbali ezincinane okanye ezinyanzelwayo zinokwenza umonakalo ohlala uhleli.

Uyilo lwemithetho epheleleyo

Izikolo kufuneka zifundise imbali, izithethe, kunye negalelo lamaqela amancinane njengenxalenye ephambili yebali lesizwe, hayi nje kuphela kwiinyanga ezityunjweyo.” Umzekelo, ufundo lwaseNew Zealand luquka ulwimi lwe-Māori kunye neembono kulo lonke imixholo. E-United States, iinkqubo zofundo lwezizwe (ezifana nezikolo zikawonke-wonke-wonke zeKhalifoniya ne-Arizona zibonise ukuba ziphucula umgangatho wemfundo kunye nokuphumelela kwabafundi abanombala. Ufundo lwangonyaka ka-2016 lweStanford Center yemfundo yoDichromestia lufumanise ukuba abafundi abafunda izifundo zobuhlanga babezibo abaqeqeshiweyo nabazibanga benolwazi oluphezulu.

Uqeqesho nokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko yokufundisa

Kwanolona hlelo lulungileyo luya kusilela ukuba othisha abazimisele ukudlulisela iprojekthi ngokunempumelelo. Iinkqubo zophuhliso lobugcisa kufuneka ziquke iimodyuli zokhuphiswano lwenkcubeko, ikhethe elicacileyo, kunye nenkxwaleko ecacileyo. Amaziko oqeqesho lwabafundisi- ntsapho kufuneka afune abathathi-nxaxheba kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba bonke abafundisi-bafundisi- ntsapho bayayiqonda indlela yokuyila amagumbi okufundela adibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo zokufundisa imfundo yabantwana baseFinland zigxininisa inkcubeko kunye neembono ezininzi zentlalo, nto leyo enegalelo kwidume ngokufundisa kwabo ngokuba nemfundo epheleleyo.

Ukufunda ngonxibelelwano noJonganiso 31: 31

Iinkqubo ezidibanisa abafundi abaneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo-------okanye ukutyelelana, iprojekthi ezincedisanayo, okanye iinkqubo zengxoxo ezicwangcisiweyo ziyakwazi ukunciphisa ikhethe. Inkqubo ye- “Imbali nethithu” kwi-US kunye neprojekthi ye-“Common Ground” kumntla Ireland ibonise ukuba xa abantu abaselula besebenzisana ngamabali, ulwazelelelo kunye nokuhlonelana. Izikolo zimele zinikeze izithuba ezikhuselekileyo kubafundi abambalwa ukuba babelane ngamava abo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Ekwabelaneni Ngamalungelo Amancinane

Ukukhusela amalungelo amancinane asiyonkxalabo esisiseko; luvavanyo olusisiseko lwento enyanzelekileyo kwibutho labantu kwimithetho esesikweni kunye nokulingana. Njengoko ihlabathi lisiba linxulumene ngakumbi, ukukwazi ukuhlonela nokulungisa umahluko kuza kugqiba enoba siyakha uxolo, intlalo echumileyo okanye sehla kwingxabano. Le mingeni yoyikekayo, ucalucalulo olunzulu, ikhethe elinzulu, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwamaziko asungulwe ngamaxesha afanayo. Kodwa kukho nezizathu zokuba nethemba. Ulungiso lwamalungelo abantu ehlabathini lonke lunika umgangatho ocacileyo. Utshintsho olungokwasemthethweni, lususa ukuyekelela ukuchasa umthetho, luvelise inkqubela phambili. Yaye imfundo, xa yenziwe kakuhle, iyakwazi ukutyala iimbewu zexesha elizayo ezisukruqulukeleleneyo.

Ngamnye wethu unendima amele ayifeze. Abaxhasi bangaxhasa iinkokeli ezixhasa ukhuseleko oluncinane. Ootitshala bangaqinisekisa amagumbi okufundela abo abonisa ukwahlukahlukana kwebutho labantu. Iinkokeli zamashishini zingasebenzisa imisebenzi yokuqesha elinganayo. Yaye wonke umntu angalucel ’ umngeni uluvo olungenakhethe aze afunde ngamava abamelwane bakhe abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenza kunye, singenza ibutho apho amalungelo amancinane angakhuselwanga nje kuphela ephephe kodwa ahlonelwayo kumsebenzi.

Ukuphinda ufunde, jonga i [[FLT: 0] ISAHLULO esikhethekileyo kwimiba encinci, Iqela lamaLungelo Amalungelo ezizwe ngezizwe [, kunye [[FLT] Amalungelo abantu Ajonge amalungelo amancinane [ kuphando olubanzi logcino-lwazi kunye nolwetyala.