Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Kweenkqubo Zokwalulela

Imibhiyozo yokumiswa kweerhuluneli zikarhulumente imela enye yezona zithethe zihlala zihleli kwaye zinentsingiselo kubomi bezobupolitika baseMelika. Ezi ziganeko ziphawula ukuqaliswa kwegama lerhuluneli, okusebenza njengemfuneko yomGaqo-siseko kunye nesithethe esinamandla sikawonke-wonke. Ngelixesha lidla ngokugqunywa kukunikezelwa komongameli, imibhiyozo yezobupolisa inentsingiselo enzulu kubemi belizwe ngalinye, ukuqinisa imigaqo yedemokhrasi kunye nokunika ixesha lokubonakalisa ngokweqela iimbopheleleko zokhokelo.

Isiseko Sembali Sokwahlulwa Kwemivukelo

Isithethe sokusungula abalawuli belizwe baqalisa ngaphambi komGaqo-siseko waseUnited States ngokwawo. Ngexesha lokulawula kwelizwe, abalawuli basebukhosini bathatha isikhundla ngemibhiyozo eyayigxininisa ukunyaniseka kwiBhunu. Emva kokuzimela geqe, amaphondo amatsha alungelelanisa le mibhiyozo ukuze abonise amaxabiso eriphabliki. Ukunikezelwa kolawulo lokuqala kwiriphabliki yamandulo yayiyimicimbi ephantsi, ngokufuthi eyayiqhutywa phambi kwezindlu zowiso-mthetho yaye ibonwa kancinci. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, le mibhiyobhiyozo yaqalisa kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezibandakanya amaqela asekuhlaleni.

IArc embalini ye-gubernarcator ibonakalisa ukuphuhliswa kwedemokhrasi yaseMerika ngokwayo. Kwinkulungwane ye-19, njengoko amaphondo andayo kwaye ethatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, imibhiyozo yokunikezelwa yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwaye yaba yeyobugcisa. AmaRailrand anceda amawaka abemi ukuba bahambe baye kumaphondo akwisiko lolawulo. Amaphephandaba anikela ngokunzulu kwintetho nakwimibhiyozo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ukunikezelwa kwemiboniso-mpulugathe kwaba zizinto ezingundoqo kumazwe amaninzi, ziphelele ngemiboniso, iibhola, nangemibutho yezixhobo zolawulo-ndaba ebanzi.

ISiseko soMgaqo-siseko nesoMgaqo-siseko

Umgaqo-siseko ngamnye wesizwe uquka amalungiselelo esifungo sesikhundla soburhulumente, nangona amagama athe ngqo ehluka. Amaninzi afuna ukuba irhuluneli ifunge okanye iqinisekise ukuba iza kuxhasa umgaqo-siseko wesizwe norhulumente kwaye yenza imisebenzi yayo ngokuthembeka. Ixesha lokunikezelwa lichazwe kumthetho karhulumente, namazwe amaninzi abamba umsitho ngoNovemba emva konyulo. Amanye amaphondo, ngokukodwa lawo anesithethe esiqinileyo sowiso-mthetho ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, alungelelanisa ukunikezelwa kwe-gratialtator kunye noqalo lwegama elitsha lemithetho.

Imfuneko esemthethweni yesifungo ifeza iinjongo ezininzi. Imisela igunya elisesikweni lerhuluneli lokuthatha inyathelo ngenxa karhulumente. Idala ingxelo yoluntu ngokudluliselwa kwegunya. Inika ixesha lokuzinikela kobuqu okuthwele ubukhulu bomthetho nobemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Kumaphondo athile, umlawuli oyintloko wenkundla ephakamileyo ulawula isifungo, esifuzisela ukwahlulwa kwamandla nomgangatho ophantsi werhuluneli kumthetho. Kwabanye, irhuluneli ekhululekileyo okanye umntu ohloneliweyo uphumeza lo msebenzi, egxininisa ukuqhubekeka notshintsho loxolo.

Isifungo Seofisi: Intliziyo Yegama

Isifungo seofisi silungu elibalulekileyo nakwesiphi na isifungo. Xa irhuluneli inyusa isandla sayo sasekunene ize iphinda amazwi esifungo, iinguqulelo ezisisiseko zenzeka. Ngalo mzuzu, ummi uba sisigqeba esiyintloko, esinikwe igunya nembopheleleko yeofisi ephakamileyo karhulumente. Isifungo asiyondlela nje yokubhanga kodwa sisiqinisekiso esinzulu esibopha irhuluneli kumgaqo-siseko nemithetho karhulumente.

Ulwimi olungqalileyo lwesifungo luyahluka ngokwesizwe kodwa luquka izibophelelo ezintathu ezingundoqo: ukuxhasa umgaqo-siseko we-United States kunye norhulumente, ukwenza ngokuthembeka imisebenzi yeofisi, nokunceda abantu bezwe. Ezinye izifungo zikarhulumente ziquka izifungo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nesifungo sokukhusela ulawulo lukarhulumente okanye ukuphepha ukunganyaniseki. Umzekelo, irhuluneli kufuneka ifunge ukuba "ikhusele, ikhusele, kwaye ikhusele" umgaqo-siseko, ulwimi olufana nesifungo sikamongameli. Izifungo ezininzi ze-gernartator ziqulub ziqukumbela ngebinzana elithi "sondincede uThixo" nangona oku kungafunwangandifunwa zweni lonke kwaye ezinye iirhuluneli zikhetha ukukushiya.

Umfuziselo Wesikhonkwane Esineentambo

Ulawulo lwesifungo lunentelekelelo eninzi. Umlawuli olawulayo ubeka isandla esinye kwiBhayibhile okanye kwesinye isibhalo esingcwele, nangona abanye bekhetha ezinye iindlela ezingezozalozwe. Indawo yemibhiyozo inentsingiselo. Ukunikezelwa kwendlu kuthatha amanyathelo esakhiwo secapito, isakhiwo esimela isihlalo sikarhulumente negunya elingumbutho labantu. Ucwangciso lwangaphandle luvumela ukuba kubekho inxaxheba enkulu kawonke-wonke kwaye lubangele unxulumano phakathi kwerhuluneli nabemi abaya kukhonza.

Ubukho bamalungu entsapho kunye nezigqeba ngexesha lesifungo bugxininisa imilinganiso yobuqu neyolungiselelo lwesehlo. Intsapho yerhuluneli imela icala lomntu lokhokelo, ikhumbuza uluntu ukuba iofisi iphethwe ngumntu oneembopheleleko neemvakalelo zabucala. Iindwalutho ezihlanganiseneyo i̵ amajaji, abagwebi, abalawuli, abangaphambili, neenkokeli zoluntu i̬ ukulinganisa inkxaso ebanzi nentsebenziswano yequmrhu esebenzayo efunwa yilee.

Idilesi Eqhelekileyo: Ukumisela Umbono

Ngokulandela isifungo, irhuluneli inikela idilesi yokuqalisa echaza umbono wabo wegama elizayo. Le ntetho yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zonxibelelwano irhuluneli eza kuzenza, njengoko imisela isandi solawulo lwazo kwaye imisela izinto eziza kuqala kwintlanganiso yowiso-mthetho ngaphambili. Ngokungafaniyo nedilesi yoRhulumente, enikela ingxelo ngeemeko zangoku kwaye incomela umthetho okhethekileyo, idilesi yokuqalisa kombono wayo ikhuthaza. Igxininisa kumaxabiso, isikhokelo, kunye neenjongo ezidibelwe ngabantu borhulumente.

Kufuneka balumkele ulungelelwano olunempumelelo lwedilesi zokhuphiswano. Kufuneka baluvume ucelomngeni olujongene norhulumente ngaphandle kokuphelelwa lithemba. Kufuneka bacacise udweliso olucacileyo lwenkqubo ngaphandle kokuxinene ngolwazi lobugcisa. Kufuneka bamanyanise abaphulaphuli abahlukeneyo abaquka abaxhasi, abathandabuzayo, nabachasi bezobupolitika. kwaye kufuneka bavelise intembelo kunye nobuchule ngoxa behlala bethobekile ngemida yamandla olawulo. Incoko engcono yempumlo iphumeza ezi njongo ngomfanekiso ocacileyo, amabali obuqu, kunye nenkqubo ecacileyo yokuziphatha.

Izifundo Ezingoovimba Nemizekelo Engokwembali

Abalawuli abaninzi basebenzisa iidilesi zabo zokuqala ukusungula umxholo olawulayo okanye intetho eza kuchaza ixesha labo eofisini. IRhuluneli uMario Cuomo yaseNew York yasebenzisa idilesi yakhe yokumiselwa ngo1998 edumileyo ukubiza "inkqubela phambili" enokuthi ithethe ngokulinganayo kwezoqoqosho ngexesha lokugcina imbopheleleko yoqoqosho. IGawula uAnn Richards waseTexas wasebenzisa idilesi yakhe yonyaka ka-199 ukubhiyolisa ingcungela iinguqu nokuqukwa, isithi "itheza inkulu ngokwaneleyo kuthi sonke." Ezi ngxelo zinceda abemi baqonde oko irhuluneli imele ukukumela nokulindela kwabo ekuphatheni.

Iidilesi eziqhelekileyo zikwanika abalawuli ithuba lokuvuma imbali nezithethe zikarhulumente. Iimbekiselo kubaphathi bangaphambili, iziganeko zikarhulumente ezibalulekileyo, kunye nezilingo zenkcubeko zasekuhlaleni zidala ingqiqo yokuqhubekeka kunye nokuba ngamalungu. Xa iGunya uJanet Mills waseMaine wathatha isikhundla ngo-2019, waphawula ukuba nguye umfazi wokuqala ukuba abambelele kwindawo, edibanisa ukuphumelela kwakhe ngokobuqu ukuya kuhambo olude oluya kulingana nolwesifama. Amaxesha asuka ngokunzulu kubemi kwaye anika intsingiselo ehlala ihleli ngaphaya komo yezobupolitika.

Iinkalo ezingokwesithethe nobhiyozo lukawonke wonke

Ngapha koko kufungisa nokuthetha, ukunikezelwa kwequketha iinguqu zemithendeleko ezibandakanya amaxabiso edemokhrasi. Ezi ziganeko zahluka kakhulu ngokwesizwe, zibonakalisa izithethe zasekuhlaleni nobuntu berhuluneli ezayo. Kwamanye amazwe, ukunikezelwa kuyinto ehlala ixesha elide okanye ezimbini. Kwezinye, kuba ngumbhiyozo weentsuku ezininzi kunye neziganeko nemisebenzi emininzi.

Uhambo ngenqanawa kunye neenkqubo

Ukwenziwa kwemiboniso yequbhinethi kubonakalisa umboniso ophakathi kwezitrato zekomkhulu lelizwe. Olu mngcelele uquka amabhanti okuhamba asuka kwizikolo eziphakamileyo kunye neekholeji, iiyunithi zemikhosi, imibutho yezentlalo, kunye nee-float ezimela imimandla emininzi kunye nemisebenzi yelizwe. Umboniso usebenza iinjongo ezininzi. Uzisa umbhiyozo kwingingqi, uvumela abemi abangakwaziyo ukuya kwimitho esemthethweni ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwimibhiyozo. Ibonisa ukwahlukahlukana kwesizwe nekratshi. Yaye inika isigezo esibonakalayo sokunxibelelana kwerhuluneli kubantu abaza kukhonza.

Umboniso wokuqalisa uluncedo. Kunika irhuluneli ithuba lokunxibelelana ngqo nabemi, ukuxhawulana ngezandla, ukwamkela i-wishes, nokubonakalisa indlela yabo yokhokelo efikelelekayo. Kwabaninzi abezeleyo, ukubona irhuluneli ingumntu ngexesha lomboniso ngamava angenakulibaleka aqinisa unxibelelwano lwabo norhulumente. Ukupapashwa kwamabali okubonisa umboniso kudla ngokubhekisa kumabali anomdla ebantwini, njengamagqala akhulileyo aye ekho kwimiboniso oluninzi okanye abafundi abaselula ababona esi siganeko njengentshukumisa yenkonzo kawonke-wonke kwixesha elizayo.

Iibhola Ezingakhutshwanga NeeGalas

Iibhola ezingqukuva ziqhelekile kumaphondo amaninzi, zinika ingokuhlwa yemibhiyozo kunye nonxulumano lwentlalo. Ezi ziganeko zisuka kwii-galas eziqhelekileyo ezinezinxibo ezimnyama ukuya kwiimbutho ezithe ngcembe zokutya nomculo wasekuhlaleni. Le bhola iquka iintetho ezivela kwirhuluneli nakwiqabane layo, ezolonwabo ziboniswa ngamagcisa karhulumente, kunye namathuba okuba iindwendwe zidibane namagosa anyuliweyo neenkokeli zengingqi.

Iibhola ezisetyenziswayo zisebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yentlalo nezobupolitika. Bavumela irhuluneli ukuba imbulele abaxhasi kunye namatsha - ntliziyo akwimibhiyozo. Bahlanganisa abantu abasuka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kwimizi-mveliso, kunye neemvelaphi zezobupolitika, bakhuthaza unxulumano olunokunceda intsebenziswano ngexesha lexesha. Yaye badala imvakalelo yokubhiyozelana okungaphaya kocalucalulo oluchaseneyo, ubuncinane ngokuhlwa. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, ibhola yokuqalisa imbalasa yekhalenda yezobupolitika kunye nenkumbulo ethandekayo yokumiswa kwesikhundla serhuluneli.

Ukwenziwa komculo kunye nocwangciso lwenkcubeko

Umculo kunye nobugcisa benza indima ephambili ekunikezelweni kwe-gubernator. Imisebenzi yeemvumi, iikwayara, kunye neengoma zomdaniso zibonisa ilifa lesizwe lesizwe kwaye zongeza ubunzulu obungokweemvakalelo kwiziphumo. Umculo okhethwayo usoloko usenziwa ngenjongo, ubonakalisa amaxabiso erhuluneli kunye nesandi esinqwenelekayo ukumisela ulawulo lwazo. Iingoma zePatriotic ezifana "Merica i-Arenica" kunye neengoma zikarhulumente zisisigqumo esiphambili, kodwa iijaji ezininzi ziquka imisebenzi ebalaselisa umahluko wohlanga okanye izithethe zomculo zelimo.

Abanye abalawuli basebenzisa ukunikezelwa njengethuba lokukhuthaza ubugcisa bengingqi. Bangagunyazisa umsebenzi wokuqala wemibhiyozo okanye umzobi owenziwe ngobuchule oye wafumana uncomo lukarhulumente. Le nkxaso yobugcisa ithumela umyalezo malunga nezithethe zerhuluneli kwaye inika ulwamkelo oluxabisekileyo kwitalente yasekuhlaleni. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abalawuli abaliqela baye baquka imisebenzi yamaqela amaIndiyantinet aseMelika, behlonela ilifa lemida yabo kwaye bevuma ukubaluleka kolwalamano lwesizwe.

Indima Yoluntu Kukhuthuzo

Ukunikezelwa kwe-gubernator ziziganeko ezisisiseko zikawonke-wonke. Ngokungafaniyo neinkalo ezininzi zolawulo ezenzeka emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo, unikezelo luvulekele bonke abemi abafuna ukuya. Oku kungabi nakufihlakala kunguphawu oluchazayo lokunikezelwa kwedemokhrasi kwaye kwahlula zona kwimithendeleko elandelelanayo yoorhulumente abalawuli abalawulayo. Ubukho bukawonke-wonke ekunikezelweni busebenza njengesikhumbuziso sokuba igunya lerhuluneli lifumaneka kwimvume yabalawuli.

Ukufumaneka kokunikezelwa kwe-gubernarcator kuyahluka ngokwesigqeba kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa imbopheleleko yokuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke-wonke. Inkoliso yemibhiyozo iqhutyelwa ngaphandle kumabala ecapitol, kungekho matikiti afunekayo ukuze kungenelwe jikelele. Amaphondo amaninzi anika ividiyo ephilayo isondla kwii-website zikarhulumente nakwizitishi zikamabonwakude zikawonke-wonke, ivumela abemi kulo lonke ilizwe ukuba babuke iziphumo. Abanye abalawuli baye bakwandisa ukufikelela kwabo ngezixhobo zoluntu, bequkuqela isiganeko kumaqonga afana noYouTube noFacebook kunye nababukeli abakhuthaza ukuba bathelekise iintshukumo zabo kusetyenziswa ii-hashtag.

Imfundo yomanyano kunye nokubandakanyeka kolutsha

Ukunikezelwa kweSifungo kunika amathuba abalulekileyo emfundo yoluntu, ingakumbi kubantu abaselula. Amaphondo amaninzi alungelelanisa uhambo lwesikolo ukuya kunikezelo, evumela abafundi ukuba banikele ubungqina bedemokhrasi ekusebenzeni. Abafundisi basebenzisa esi siganeko njengomzuzu wokufundisa, bexubusha ngeemfuno zomgaqo-siseko zesifungo, imbali yokunikezelwa kwephondo, neembopheleleko zerhuluneli. Kubafundi abaninzi, ukuya ekunikezelweni kukudibana kwabo okungqalileyo norhulumente yaye banokuvusa umdla ohlala uhleli uhleli kwinkonzo kawonke wonke.

Bambi abalawuli baquka ubutsha kwinkqubo yokunikezelwa. Bangamema iinkokeli zikarhulumente zabafundi ukuba zibe nenxaxheba kumsitho, zimisele amaphepha olutsha ukuze zincedise kwisiganeko, okanye ziquke imisebenzi eyenziwa ziikwayara zesikolo kunye namaqendi. Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba irhuluneli iyazixabisa isizukulwana esilandelayo kwaye izimisele ukukhuthaza iinkokeli zexesha elizayo. Bakwavelisa iinkumbulo ezikhuthazayo ezinokuqinisa ukusondelelana kwabantu nemeko yabo kunye nokuzingcamla kwabo ngokobuzwe.

Ukwahlulwa kwemivukelo ephawulekayo kwimbali yaseMerika

Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika, ukunikezelwa kwezinye iinkonzo kuye kwabonakala ngenxa yentsingiselo yazo engokwembali, impembelelo yeemvakalelo, okanye imidlalo yezobupolitika. Ezi ziganeko zibonisa iimeko ezikhethekileyo zexesha lazo kwaye zinikela izifundo ngendaleko yolawulo lwelizwe.

Uhlaziyo Lwexesha

Ukunikezelwa kwe-gubernonator yexesha lokuvuselelwa kwakhona kwakuphakathi kweyona nto yayiphambili kwimbali yaseMerika. Kumazwe afana noMzantsi Carolina, iMississippi, kunye neLouisiana, abalawuli base-Merika ababesandul' ukunyulwa bathatha isikhundla okokuqala, bebonakalisa utshintsho oluphawulekayo kubume belizwe lezobupolitika. IRhuluneli uRobert K. Scott waseMzantsi Carolina, onyuliweyo ngo1868, waye engumlawuli wokuqala weRiphabliki karhulumente kwaye wayelawula ukuphunyezwa kwemithetho ye-Republication Constantionism. Ukunikezelwa kwakhe kwaba lixesha kunye nesikhumbuzo kubemi baseAfrika ababekhotyo kwiminyaka embalwa nje ngaphambili, nangona kwabangela inkcaso inkcaso emhlophe esupremactist.

IRhuluneli Earl Warren yaseKhalifoniya

Xa uEarl Warren waba yirhuluneli yaseKhalifoniya ngo-1943, wanikela intetho yokuvula eyabethelela ukusebenza, ukusetyenziswa kwenqanawa enzima, kunye norhulumente olungileyo. Ukunikezelwa kukaWarren kwamisela isandi solawulo olunempumelelo oluza kumkhokelela kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.intetho yakhe yayijolise ekulawuleni okusebenzayo kunokuba ingcamango yama-Roucestria, indlela eyathi yagxininisa kwi-costarnian ekwakhe inkxaso enqamlezekileyo eyabangela ukuba asebenzise imigaqo yemithetho yempatho.

IRhuluneli uJimmy Carter yaseGeorgia

Unikezelo lukaJimmy Carter lwangowe-1971 eGeorgia lwabalasele ngentetho yalo ecacileyo yemiba yobuhlanga. Kwidilesi yakhe yokuqalisa, uCarter wavakalisa ukuba "ixesha localulo lobuhlanga liphelile," ingxelo eyothusa abaninzi kwiphulo lomzantsi obesele ligawulwe kwaye yabonisa indlela entsha kweye Georgia zobupolitika. Intetho yafumana ingqalelo yesizwe yanceda ukuseka uCarter njengelizwi elinenkqubela phakathi kweDemocratic Party, iphethulela indlela yephulo lakhe lomongameli kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva.

IRhuluneli uChristine Gregoire waseWashington

Ukumiselwa kukaChristine Gregoire ngo-2005 njengerhuluneli yaseWashington kwakungokoyimbali kungekuphela nje kuba wayelikhesha lokuqala lephondo elinyuliweyo kodwa kwakhona ngenxa yokuba unyulo lwakhe lwalungolunye lwezona zisondeleyo kwimbali yephondo. Iziphumo zancinwa kangangeenyanga, kwaye unikezelo lwenzeka phantsi kwelifu lokungaqiniseki. UGregoire wasebenzisa intetho yakhe yokuqalisa ukubiza umanyano nokuphilisa, egxininisa ukuba unyulo luphelile kwaye kuxakeka ixesha lokuya phambili kunye. Isandi sakhe sobubele samnceda wadalela ingxabano ekwakhe ukuqalisa ngeqondo lobubele be-bipartarian.

Ukukhutshwa kwale mihla

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukunikezelwa kwemibhiyozo yequbhinethi kuye kwatyhila ukutshintsha kobugcisa, inani labemi, kunye nolindelo lukawonke-wonke.

Amalungu amanani ne-nyani

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sanyanzelisa amazwe amaninzi ukuba aphinde avule amatyala awo okunikezelwa. Ngo-2021, iirhuluneli ezininzi zaqhuba iziganeko ezidibeneyo okanye ezixubeneyo eziquka iziganeko ezikhoyo eziquka izifungo ezikhoyo eziqukwayo, ukwenza iziganeko ezirekhodiweyo, kunye nokubophelelana kwamanani abantu. Ngoxa ezi zimo zazalwa ziyimfuneko, zabonisa amathuba amatsha okwandisa ukufikelela ekunikezelweni. Nanjengokuba kwiziganeko ezizii-person zibuyile, amazwe amaninzi aye agcina amalungu athe ngqo, avumela abemi abangakwaziyo ukuhamba ukuya kwikomkhulu ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kulo msitho.

Izixhobo zokunxibelelana zezentlalo zoluntu ziye zaba yinxalenye engundoqo yokunikezelwa kwale mihla. Abalawuli basebenzisa amaqonga afana neTwitter, i-Instagram, kunye neFacebook ukwabelana ngasemva kokuqulathiswa kwe-scenes, ukubandakanywa nabemi ngexesha lokwenene ngexesha lombhiyozo, kwaye bandise ukufikelela komyalezo wabo wokuqalisa. Abanye abalawuli baye bayila i-hashtags ukwenzela ukunikezelwa kwabo kwaye bakhuthaza abemi ukwabelana ngefoto yabo nokubonakalisa. Oku kudityaniswa kwamanani kuguqula ukunikezelwa kwesiganeko esinye kusuka kwisiganeko kungene kwincoko eqhubekayo phakathi kwerhuluneli nabantu.

Ulwalamano kunye nomelo

Ukunikezelwa kwe-gubernaration kugxininisa kakhulu ekubonakaliseni isidima kunye nomelo kunanini na ngaphambili. Abalawuli abaninzi benza umgudu ngabom ukuquka amazwi ahlukeneyo kumsitho, bakhetha izithethi nabaculi abavela kwizizwe, ubuzwe, iimvelaphi, neendawo. Abanye baye baquka ukutolikwa kolwimi lwezandla, ukuvalwa kwamagama, nezinye iimpawu zokufikelela ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi banokuba nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwesi siganeko.

Ukwanda kwemibhiyozo yokunikezelwa kweerhuluneli kuye kwayilwa nangamatheko. Njengoko amabhinqa amaninzi, abantu bemibalabala, kunye namalungu amanye amaqela aphantsi aye anyulwa, ukunikezelwa kwawo kuye kwathathwa njengemiqathango engakumbi njengezobugcisa nezobukho. Xa iRhuluneli uMichelle Lujan Grisham yamiselwa njengerhuluneli yokuqala yeDemocratic Histolic kwimbali yaseMerika ngowama-2019, umsitho wakhe wabhiyotha ilifa lesizwe laseNew Mexico, ngokuqhutywa kwesiNgesi, iSpanish, kunye neelwimi zobuIndiya.

Ukuthuthwa Koxolo Kwamandla Kumgangatho Karhulumente

Mhlawumbi owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo wokunikezelwa kwequarter kukulungiselela ukudluliswa koxolo kwamandla. Lo mgaqo ligumbi lolawulo lwedemokhrasi, uqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho kukhokelo lwenzeka kwiinkqubo ezimiselwe ngomthetho kunokuba ngogonyamelo okanye ngokunyanzelwa. Ngoxa ukuthunyelwa koxolo kwamandla kumgangatho wesizwe kufumana ingqalelo engakumbi, lo mgaqo mnye usebenza kumgangatho wesizwe kwaye ubaluleke ngokulinganayo ekusebenzeni kwedemokhrasi yaseMelika.

Ukutshintsha phakathi kweerhuluneli kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho entsonkothileyo kunye nolawulo. Abalawuli abahambayo balungiselela ukushukuma okunenkcukacha kwabangenisi babo, ukugquma amanyathelo okuqhubeka, imibandela yoqingqo-mali, kunye nemicimbi yabasebenzi. Amasebe karhulumente asebenzisana ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubekeka kweenkonzo nemisebenzi. Imisitho yokumiselwa kolawulo ihlanganisana kunye nabalawuli abazayo, ngokufuthi ngezenzo zemikhwa yezowuni yokusebenzisana nokuhlonelana. Le mikhosi ikhuthaza inkqubo yokuba nangona ukungavisisani kwezobupolitika kufanelekile kwaye kulindelekile, awakuthetheleli ukuphazamisa ukusebenza korhulumente.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo apho unyulo luye lwaphikiswana okanye luguquko luye lwanempikiswano, umsitho wokunikezelwa uye wasebenza njengexesha elibalulekileyo lesigqibo. Xa umnqolobi efungelwe ngokusemthethweni, ukhuphiswano luqukunjelwa ngokusemthethweni, kwaye ukugxininiswa ekuyekeni kwiphulo lokulawula. Ukwenziwa kokunikezelwa kwenza oku kubonakale kwaye kuqinisekiswe, ukunceda ukubuyisela intembelo kwinkqubo yokunyulwa nokusemthethweni kolawulo olutsha.

Ukuphakanyiswa Okuhlala Kuhleli Kwemivukelo Yokwahlulwa Kwempahla

Kwixesha lokwahlulwa kolawulo lwezobupolitika nokungathembani kwamaziko, ukunikezelwa kwemibutho kuhlala kusisiqinisekiso esinamandla semilinganiselo yedemokhrasi. Zinikela umzuzu wokuqwalasela imigaqo emanyanisa abemi kwiimeko eziphikisanayo. Ukubonwa kwerhuluneli esenza isifungo sokufumana isikhundla, ingqongwe ziintsapho, iindwalutho, namalungu abantu, kuxhasa ingcamango yokuba urhulumente lishishini elinesabelo esisekelwe ekuvumeni kwabantu.

Ukunikezelwa kwe-gubernatorial kukwasebenza njengezikhumbuzo zokwaziwa nokuzimela ngokwahlukileyo kwelizwe ngalinye. Ngoxa urhulumente wengingqi efumana ingqalelo yoninzi lothetho-ndaba, oorhulumente bamazwe banegunya elibalulekileyo kubomi babemi, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nemfundo, unyango, ezothutho, kunye nezolwaphulo-mthetho. Isindululo sokunikezelwa sibeka eli gunya lomgangatho wesizwe kwaye siqinisekisa ukubaluleka kolawulo kurhulumente kwinkqubo yorhulumente. Kubemi borhulumente ngamnye, ukunikezelwa kwerhuluneli yabo kulixesha lekratshi nelokubhiyo lwengingo lorhulumente wabo.

Njengokuba i-United States iqhubeka iguquka, ukunikezelwa kwequbhile ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuza kuhambelana neemeko ezintsha kunye nolindelo. Kodwa izifungo ezisemgangathweni i̬ isifungo, intetho, umbhiyozo woluntu, kunye nokufuduselwa koxolo kwamandla e-̬ ziya kuhlala zibalulekile. Le mibhiyozo inxibelelanisa okukhoyo kwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nekamva, ikhumbuza abemi ngamandla ahlala ehleliyo eqeshiweyo yedemokhrasi kunye noxanduva oluqhubekayo lwesizukulwana ngasinye ukuba bawagcine.

Abo banomdla wokufunda okungakumbi ngembali kunye nokubaluleka kokunikezelwa kwe-gubernar, inikela amaxwebhu embali kunye nezincoko zokuphuhlisa kwezakhiwo zikarhulumente. zibonelela ngoovimba abaninzi kwizithethe ze-ofisi yesebe kunye notshintsho. iSibonelelo seKhomplathimente [ sinikela amaxwebhu embali kunye nezincokoli ezithetha ngokuphuhlisa kwezakhiwo zikarhulumente. Kubo bafuna imizekelo yeedilesi zakutshanje zokunikezelwa kwesebe, Ividiyo yevidiyo yeCPG][FLT] igcina uvimba obanzi weziganeko zezopolitiko-ngoko.