Unxulumano phakathi kwenkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho yemithetho luchaza indlela ibutho labantu eliyisingatha ngayo imingeni yempilo, ukwandisa oovimba bemali, kunye nokukhusela abemi bezonyango ekuthintelweni. Inkqubo yoluntu inika ilungiselelo lokungenelela kwempilo ekwiqondo lomgangatho wezonyango, ngelixa inkqubo yowiso-mthetho idala igunya elisemthethweni kunye neenkqubo zemali ezifunekayo ukuzalisekisa loo nkqubo. Oku kuthintela akuthethi nje ukuba imiqathango yokugonya iphumelele kusini na, nokuba ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kuyahla, nokuba ngaba impilo iphucuthe na kuphucula umgangatho woluntu. Kubafundi nakufundisisa ulawulo lwempilo, ukuqonda okuya kutyhila indlela obuya kuthanda ngayo ubungqina bezenzululwazi, kwaye abantu kufuneka badibane ukulungisa impilo yezigidi.

Inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke isebenzisa iziphumo zempilo yoluntu xa iingcali zezobugcisa, ezoqoqosho, kunye nemilinganiselo yemilinganiselo yokucebisa izicombululo, kodwa ngaphandle kwenkxaso yowiso-mthetho, ezo zindululo zihlala zikho. Ngokwahlukileyo, umthetho ongenabo ubungqina bezempilo obuchuliweyo unakho ukuchitha ubuncwane okanye ukubangela umonakalo ongalindelekanga. Iziphumo zempilo ezisebenzayo zivela xa iingcali zenkqubo kunye nabenzi bomthetho besebenzisana, macala onke ngokubhekisele kubuchule bomnye ubuchule bonyango. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa umgaqo-siseko woluntu, indima ecacileyo yesenzo somthetho, iindawo ezingundoqo apho zidibana khona, iingxaki ezivelayo, ukuba kukho uphando olubonisa ukuphumelela, kunye noqheliso oluza kuchaza ikamva lolawulo lwempilo.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Yezempilo Yasekuhlaleni

Inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke ibhekisele kwizigqibo, izicwangciso, kunye nezenzo ezenziwa ngoorhulumente, imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nezinto ezingengoorhulumente zokukhuthaza impilo, ukukhusela izifo, kunye nokunweba ubomi phakathi kwabemi. Ngokungafaniyo nonyango lwezamayeza, olujolise kwizigulana ezizizo, inkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke ithetha ngeemeko ezibumba impilo yabantu kulo lonke uluntu — amanzi acocekileyo, umgangatho wokhuseleko lomoya, ukugonywa, ukuthintelwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nokufikelela kwimpilo empilweni. Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi (WHOV ]] ichaza inkqubo yempilo njengezigqibo ezichaphazela inkqubo yempilo echaphazela impilo kunye nezithintela impilo.

Inkqubo yonyango lukawonke-wonke esebenzayo isekelwe kubungqina. Abaphandi bahlolisisa iintlobo zezifo, oothunywashe abasengozini, ungenelelo, kunye nengeniso ehlawulwayo ukucebisa amaqhinga. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezikhuthaza ukugonywa kwabantwana zisekelwe kumashumi eminyaka ebonisa ukuba ukugonya kuthintela ukuqhambuka nokusindisa ubomi babantu. Ngokufanayo, irhafu ngeziselo ezineswekile ichazwa lunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweswekile ekutyebeni ngokugqithiseleyo nesifo seswekile. Inkqubo yonyango loluntu ikwathetha ngemiqathango yempilo — ingeniso, imfundo, isakhiwo, kunye nomsebenzi — ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zibangela ukuba impilo ingabikho ngokwezi ndlela zonyango kuphela.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke inokubekwa ngokweenkqubo eziliqela:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukunyuselwa kobungqindilili: Ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okunempilo ngemfundo, amaphulo, kunye nezikhuthazo (umz., izibhengezo ezichasene nokutshaya, iinkqubo zokuzilolonga).
  • Ukuthintelwa kwe-Dissease: imiyalelo yenqintela, iinkqubo zokuhlola, kunye namanyathelo okuhlalisana kwamalungu omzimba ukuze kuncitshiswe iziphumo zezifo ezasulelayo nezinganyangekiyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufikelela kobungcali bonyango: Ukulungelelanisa ukuba umntu unokufumana iinkonzo zezamayeza ezinokufikeleleka, ezisemgangathweni, kuquka impilo yengqondo kunye nokukhusela.
  • Umthetho wolawulo lwamashishini: Umthetho wokulawula ukulayishwa kokutya, ukhuseleko lwamayeza, impilo yomsebenzi, kunye nezinto ezingcolisa indalo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukulungelelaniswa: izicwangciso kunye nemithetho elandelwayo yokusabela kwizifo ezigqugqisileyo, iintlekele zendalo, kunye nobunqolobi bebhayoloji.

Inye yezi ndawo ifuna uvavanyo oluqhubekayo. Inkqubo yoluntu yonyango ayimi ndawonye; iguquka njengoko kuvela izisongelo ezintsha, njengoko ukuqonda okutsha kwenzululwazi kuya kukhula, kwaye njengoko amaxabiso aphakathi etshintsha. Isifo se-COVID-19 sibangela ukuba iinguqu ezikhawulezileyo ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwimithetho yokuphendula egqugqisayo ehlabathini lonke, ibalaselisa amandla nobuthathaka bezakhiwo ezikhoyo.

Indima Yenyathelo Lomthetho

Inyathelo lomthetho libandakanya ukudalwa, ukuhlaziywa, nokugcinwa kwemithetho ngamaqumrhu karhulumente — iipalamente zesizwe, izindlu zowiso-mthetho, amabhunga esixeko, kunye namaqumrhu olawulo. Imithetho inikela igunya elisisibophelelo elifunekayo ukuzalisekisa iinkqubo zempilo kawonke wonke, ukunikezela ngemali, nokungagqibeli. Ngaphandle komthetho, kwanemigaqo emiselwe kakuhle ayinamazinyo. Umzekelo, ukunconyelwa ngokuzithandela ukunxiba izihlalo kusenokuba nempembelelo encinane, kanti umthetho ofuna ukusetyenziswa kwesihlalo soluntu — ngokuhlawula ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokungathobeki kwemithetho — ukwandisa ukuthotyelwa nokunciphisa ukubulala kweendlela.

Inyathelo lomthetho kwimpilo kawonke-wonke lingathabatha iindlela ezininzi:

  • Imithetho ye-STA yoqeqesho: Idlula ngamaqumrhu anyuliweyo, le idala iinkqubo ezintsha zempilo, inyanzelisa irhafu ukuze ixhaswe impilo, okanye ivalwe iimveliso eziyingozi. Imizekelo iquka i-Afford Cance Care Act kunye nezenzo zomoya ococekileyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Imithetho kunye nemithetho yolawulo: ekhutshelwe ngabameli bakarhulumente phantsi kwegunya elinikwe yimithetho, ezi zichaza iinkcukacha ezifana nemigangatho evumelekileyo yokungcolisa okanye ireyithi yemfuno yokutya okupakishwayo.
  • Imiyalelo esebenzayo: ekhutshelwe ngoomongameli okanye abalawuli ukukhokela amanyathelo olungiselelo ngexesha longxamiseko, njengokuvakalisa ungxamiseko lwempilo kawonke-wonke okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemaski e-oyile.
  • Imithetho yesixeko okanye yephondo ethetha ngeengxaki ezifana nokutshaya kwiipaki, kwivenkile yococeko, okanye kwimilinganiso ye-swekile.

Amaqumrhu asemthethweni kufuneka alungelelanise izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo. Imithetho yempilo kawonke-wonke ingajamelana nenkcaso evela kumaqela oshishino, abaxhasi bobucala, okanye amaqela ezobupolitika alwa nongenelelo lorhulumente. Abenzi bomthetho baxhomekeke kubungqina benzululwazi, iinkcazo zemali, kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke ekwakheni umthetho osebenzayo nosebenza ngokwezobupolitika. CDC'S iSebe lezempilo yoluntu eliyiScinezelo lwaMandla ligxininisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwemithetho nemigaqo kungundoqo wemimiselo yezempilo kawonke, iphakamisa ukubaluleka kwenyathelo lomthetho.

Ukuhlawulwa kwemali yemali yemibutho yomthetho kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Imithetho inokuba luncedo kumasebe ezempilo kawonke-wonke, kuphando, nakwiinkqubo zoluntu. Ukwabiwa kwemali — enoba ngamaphulo okugoma, ukujongwa kwezifo, okanye imfundo yempilo — kuxhomekeke kwimiqathango yomthetho ephambili. Xa inkxaso-mali ingenayo, kwanemigaqo esekelwe kubungqina ayiphumeleli usukelo lwayo.

Indawo ezingundoqo zodibano

Ukudibana kwemigaqo-nkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho kuyabonakala kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zempilo zikawonke-wonke apho imithetho ichaphazela impilo yabemi. Ngapha koko kukho iindawo eziliqela ezingundoqo ezibonisa olu lwalamano lunamandla.

Amapolisa anokugonywa

Igalelo lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwezemali yemali ye-2014-2015 luyenye yezona zingeniso zongenelelo zoluntu. Inkqubo yoluntu yonyango incomela ucwangciso lokugoma, kodwa inyathelo lomthetho liyenza inyanzeleke. Le mithetho ifuna ukugonywa kwabantu abazayo esikolweni iye yaba yeyona ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni intlawulo ephezulu kunye nokuthintelwa kwemibutho yeenkomo. Emva kokuqhambuka kwemasisi okunxulumene neDisneyland, uninzi lwamazwe athintelwe ukukhulula umkhosi wamapolisa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchaneni kwenani elingaphezulu kwama-95% kwizikolo ezininzi. Kodwa eli nyathelo lomthetho lisindisa ubomi kwaye lithintela ukuqhambuka. Noko ke, imimiselo yezothelela impikiswano ngenkululeko enxulumene nokhuseleko loluntu kunye noluntu — ukuxineka kwemicinekiso oluphekelwe ngokulala kwemithetho-mthetho.

Ukulawula Icuba

Uphando lwempilo kawonke-wonke luzibonakalise ngokucacileyo iingozi zokusetyenziswa kwecuba. Imigaqo-nkqubo iquka ukuvalwa kokutshaya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ukwanda kwerhafu kwimidiza, kunye nokuthintelwa kwentengiso. Isenzo somthetho simisele le miqathango kwimimandla emininzi, okuphumela ekuncipheni kwexabiso lokutshaya. Umzekelo, iNtsapho yokuthintela ukutshaya noLawulo lwecuba ngo-2009 inika igunya elinamandla le-FDA lokulawula imveliso yecuba. Umgangatho karhulumente onyuse koluncinci olingana nonyaka wama-21 wokuthenga icuba ukunciphisa ukunyuka kolutsha. CD'iiidata yecuba yemeko yecuba ibonisa ukuba umthetho onamandla owenziwe ngokutshaya.

Inkqubo Yokondleka Nokutya

Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nokutya okunganyangekiyo zezona zinzima zempilo kawonke-wonke. Imithetho yezonyango ibangela ukuba ukutyiwa okusempilweni kuqukelele ukubekwa kwesondlo, imiqathango yokuthengisa ukutya okungenampilo ebantwaneni, kunye nerhafu kwiziselo ezineswekile. Inyathelo lomthetho liyenze lenze ukuba le nkqubo ibe yinyaniso: iNtshukumiso-mali ne-Diashition Leagnotic Littelling and Education Act yonyaka ka-19909 igunyaziswe ngokwendlela ezithenjiweyo zokutya okusemgangathweni. Kutsha, kutshanje, amadolobha anjenge Philadelphiya kunye ne-Berkeleysoda irhafu, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziselo zeScurityy. Inyathelo lomthetho lixhasa imilinganiselo yemfundo yemfundo yesikolo, ifuna iinkenteko ezifunekayo kwiinkqubo zesidlo ezixhaswa ngumthetho zesikolo ezixhaswa ngumthetho zesidlo.

Ukufumana inkxaso-mali

Inkqubo yoluntu yokwandiswa kwempilo igxininisa ukuba ukhuseleko lonyango lungundoqo. Isenzo somthetho sibumba ukufikelela ngemithetho elawula intlawulo ye-inshorensi, ulwando lwe-Medicaid, kunye nenkxaso-lu hlobo lwezigulana. UMthetho we-Affordal Care (ACA) wandisa ukukhutshelwa kwezigidi zabantu baseMerika ngeentengiso nangezemali, kwaye ukwanda kwawo kweMedicaid kumaphondo athabatha inxaxheba kunciphisa amazinga angenakulinganiswa naneeziphumo zempilo. Isenzo somthetho sikwathetha ngemiqathango yempilo yengqondo, ifuna ii-inficers ukugquma iinkonzo zempilo zengqondo ezifanayo neenkonzo zonyango. Le mithetho inciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuhla kwezingangeni lokufikelela kwizinto zonyango.

Impilo Yokusingqongileyo

Umoya ococekileyo, amanzi akhuselekileyo, kunye neendawo zomsebenzi zizinto eziphambili zempilo kawonke-wonke ezixhomekeke kumthetho. Umthetho ococekileyo kunye noMthetho okhuselekileyo wokukhusela ukuselwa kwamanzi amdaka umisela imilinganiselo ekhusela abantu ekungcoliseni. Ukuthatha imigaqo-mthetho kusenokuthetha ngokutshayelwa kwemibhobho, ukukhuselwa komlilo, okanye imimiselo yemichiza. Inkqubo yoluntu yempilo ixelela le mithetho ngokunika uhlolo oluyingozi kunye nemiqathango yokuchachacha. Ngokuchasene noko, ukunyanzeleka okanye ukungqubana kwemimiselo yemekobume kusenokukhokelela kumlinganiselo ophezulu we-asmasma, umhlaza, umhlaza nezinye iimeko — okubonisa oko kwenzeka xa isenzo somthetho singaphumeleli sobugciphelo sihambelana nobungqina boluntu.

Ucelomngeni Kwinkqubo Yezempilo Kawonke-wonke Nenyathelo Lomthetho

Nangona ziluncedo ezicacileyo zentsebenziswano phakathi kwenkqubo yempilo yoluntu nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho, imiqobo emininzi ingenza buthathaka impembelelo yayo. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ulawulo lwempilo.

Ukuchasa Neepolitiki Nokuthotywa Kweziphakamiso

Imigaqo-nkqubo yempilo kawonke-wonke ifuna ungenelelo lukarhulumente ukuze abanye abaxhasi bajonge iziphumo zemali. Amaqela oshishino anomdla wemali — icuba, utywala, umpu, ukutya nesiselo — asoloko ephembelela ukuchasana nemigaqo. Inkcazo yezobupolitika isenokukwavala amanyathelo obungqina. Umzekelo, imiyalelo kunye nokuvala amasigqubuthelo ngethuba lobhubhani we-COVID-19 athe athe aphenjelelwa phezulu, kunye nabanye abenzi bomthetho babachasa kwanaba xa ugcino-lwazi luncitshiswa. Oku kusenokuthintela okanye kuthomalalise imigaqo yempilo egxekayo.

Ukunqongophala Kwemali

Iinkqubo zonyango lukawonke-wonke zisoloko zibekwe phantsi. Inkqubo yoluntu lonke yezonyango yase-U.S. ixhomekeke kumsebenzi wesiqendu wesizwe, wesizwe, wesizwe, nesemali yoluntu, kunye neyobulali, kunye naxa kuthe xhaxhe, uqingqo-mali lusoloko lunqanyulwa. Imanyano yesizwe yeSizwe yoMasigqeba neSwephekepheke sezeMpilo yeZiko-U.[[NACCHO]] inikela ingxelo yokuba amasebe amaninzi empilo asekuhlaleni aye anciphisa abasebenzi kunye neenkonzo ngenxa yokuxhasa iimali ezifutshane. Ngaphandle kwemithetho elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yemithetho esemthethweni, kwaneenkqubo engcono ayinakwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ubungqina Boluntu

Isenzo somthetho sixhomekeke kwinkxaso kawonke-wonke, kodwa iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo zingaphelisa ukuthembana kwimilinganiselo yempilo kawonke-wonke. Ukungaqiniseki okubangelwa kukuqhankqalazwa ngamabanga obuxoki kuye kwakhokelela ekuqhambukeni kwemasisi kunye nolwelo olungekho mthethweni. Inkqubo yoluntu ingacebisa ukungenelela kwesakhono senzululwazi, kodwa ukuba uluntu aluziqondi okanye aluzithembi, abaququzeleli bomthetho bangathanda ukudlulisa umthetho oxhasayo. Amaphulo emfundo nonxibelelwano olucacileyo lubalulekile kodwa lusoloko luphantsi kwemithombo engokwenzululwazi.

Iimephu zogcino-lwazi kunye neenkqubo ezingaphandle

Inkqubo esebenzayo ixhomekeke kugcino-lwazi oluchanekileyo, olufike ngexesha. Noko ke, iinkqubo zokujonga impilo yoluntu zisoloko zahlulwa, ziphakanyiswa, kwaye zingakwazi ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi ngokukhawuleza ngaphaya kolawulo. Ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, amanyathelo athintela ukusabela kogcino-lwazi. Isenzo somthetho sinakho ukugunyazisa ukwabelana nokutyalwa kogcino-lwazi kwizibonelelo zale mihla, kodwa imithetho enjalo isoloko ijongene neengxaki zobucala kunye nemiqobo.

Ukwahlulwa Kwegunya

Ulawulo lwempilo kawonke-wonke kumazwe amaninzi lubandakanya imigangatho emininzi karhulumente — wesizwe, wesizwe, wesizwe, kunye nowasekuhlaleni — ngamnye oneembopheleleko ezidityanisiweyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiinkqubo ezingahambelaniyo, kwizithuba zokunyanzelisa, nakwimingeni esemthethweni. Umzekelo, ngexesha lobhubhani, amanye amazwe athe aphelelwa yimiyalelo yokufihla imbonakalo yasekuhlaleni, adala isiphithiphithi. Isenzo somthetho esichaza indima elawulayo sinokuphucula ukumanyana, kodwa ukufikelela kwisivumelwano kwiimibutho emininzi kunzima.

Uphando lwetyala kwiMithetho yempilo kaRhulumente

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kunceda kubonise indlela ukumisela imithetho okunokuyiphucula ngayo impilo kawonke-wonke. Ngeli ngezantsi kukho uphando lwezimo ezine ezibonisa amaqondo ahlukeneyo empumelelo kunye noothunywashe abanempembelelo kwiziphumo.

ISebe linika inkxaso-mali

Ngo-2010, i-ACA yayiyimpumelelo ephawulekayo yowiso-mthetho eyaguqula inkqubo yonyango lwase-U.S. Yandisa iMedicaid eligige, yadala intengiso ye-inshorensi yezempilo, yathintela abafaki-mali ekungakufunini ukunikezelwa kwengxelo ngenxa yeemeko ezikhoyo, kwaye kwafuneka iingenelo zempilo eziyimfuneko. Uphando lwezonyango loluntu lwabonisa iziphumo ezingalunganga zempilo ezingathandekiyo zokungakhawulezi ziphele, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ACA ECCA ekwandiseni okujongene nemeko encinci ye-Medicaid, ukuncitshiswa kwemiqatha yemiqathango ekhoyo, ukuphucuthwa koncedo, kunye nemigangatho esezantsi yokufa. Noko ke, uphando lwasemthethweni, kunye nokuzama ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuqhubekayo kwe-Mdica, ngemeko engakhuli-20.

Inkqubo Yokulawula Icuba YaseKhalifoniya

Inkqubo yokulawula icuba elibanzi yaseKhalifoniya, eyaqaliswa ngumvoti-yamkelekileyo 99 ngowe-1988 (eyanyusa iirhafu zecuba), yenye yezona rhafu zempilo kawonke-wonke eziphumelelayo embalini. Umthetho wabela inxalenye yerhafu kwimirhumo echasene nokutshaya, iinkqubo zoluntu, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemiqathango yentengo. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu elandelayo, amaqondo abantu abadala abatshayayo eKhalifoniya ehla ukusuka kuma-2% ukuya malunga nama-9% — elinye lamanani asezantsi enkqenkqenkqeza emali kwilizwe. Isenzo somthetho somthetho sidibaniselwano edityaniswe nemithetho enxulumene nemali, ulawulo lwezentengo yezoshishino, iivenkile, kunye nemidali yemali (206), kunye nemiqatha yemiqatha yemiqatha yemveliso yecuba yotyani ephambili. Le meko ibonisa indlela ephuculwayo ephambili yokuqhuba phambili kwimpilo.

Umthetho Okhokelwayo Wokusela Okusemzimbeni WaseNew York (Ukhutshiwe)

Ngo-2012, iBhodi yezezempilo yesiXeko saseNew York, ixhaswa ngusodolophu, yamisela umthetho olinganisela ubukhulu beziselo ezineswekile ezithengiswa kwiivenkile zokutyela nakwiiholo ezili-16. Lo mthetho wawusekelwe kuphando lwempilo olunxulumene nokusela okuneswekile nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo neswekile. Noko ke, ishishini lotywala elisekwe, yaye iinkundla zomthetho zawuyeka umthetho, ziphikisa ukuba iBhunga lezempilo liye laliyeka igunya lalo — umlinganiselo onjalo ufanele udluliswe libhungange libhunga kwibhunga lesixeko njengomthetho. Eli tyala libonisa ukuba inyathelo lomthetho kufuneka livele lijonge iingxaki ezisemthethweni. Nangona inkqululo yezahlulelo, labangela ukuba kuqhutyelwe intetho kawonke nezinye izixeko ukuba zifune irhafuthelo ngemibutho elifanelekileyo.

Ukugonywa kwesikolo

Emva kokuqhambuka kwemasisi yo-2014-2015 eyaqala eDisneyland, iKhalifoniya yakhupha iBhili 277 (2015), eyaphelisa ukupheliswa kwenkolelo yobuqu kwiimfuno zokugonya isikolo. Ugcino-lwazi lwempilo lukawonke-wonke lwabonisa ukuba iindawo ezinemigangatho ephezulu yokungakhululeki zisengozini yokuqhambuka. Eli nyathelo lemithetho laqhushumbisa, kunye nabachasi bephikisana ngalo ngokuchasene namalungelo abazali. Noko ke, umthetho wasinda kwiingxaki ezingokwasemthethweni kwaye wakhokelela ekugonyeni okungaphezulu kwama-9% kwabantwana abaqeshi besikolo kwinkoliso. Imiyalelo efanayo iye yadluliselwa eNew York nakwamanye amazwe emva kokuqhambuka. Le meko ibonisa ukuba isenzo somthetho sinokuba luncedo xa sixhaswa bubungqina obunamandla nempilo, nokokuba nenkxazulu, kwanakujoliswe kwinkcaso.

Ikamva lomgaqo-nkqubo wempilo kawonke-wonke neNkqutyana yokuSebenza

Imeko-bume yempilo nomthetho iyaqhubeka itshintsha.

Iingozi Zempilo Ezimandundu

Izifo ezintsha ezasulelayo, ukuxhathisa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane, kunye nokuchanabeka kwemozulu kuya kufuna ukuphunyezwa okukhawulezileyo kwemithetho yowiso-mthetho. Isifo se-COVID-19 sabonisa ukuba isiseko somthetho esikhoyo songxamiseko yempilo yoluntu sisoloko siphelelwe lixesha okanye singelulo. Umthetho wexesha elizayo kufuneka uquke amalungiselelo enkxaso-mali ekhutshwayo, ugcino-lwazi kunye nokulungelelana kogcino-lwazi ngaphaya kwemithetho. Inkqubo yempilo yoluntu iya kufuneka ithambe ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukuqhelanisa nezisongelo, kwaye imithetho kufuneka inike amaziko ezempilo amandla ngaphandle kokuqaqaqa ulwaphulo inkululeko yabemi.

Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa

Ubugcisa bezonyango bamanani — iingxelo zempilo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo ezinokukrala, i-telehelth, kunye nobuchule bokufakelwa — zinika amathuba amatsha okuhlola nokukhuthaza impilo. Inyathelo lomthetho liya kufuneka licombulule imibandela yogcino-lwazi, ukusetyenziswa kobuchule, kunye nokungavumelani. Umzekelo, imithetho elawula ukusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo yezempilo ziinkampani zobugcisa iza kuchaphazela amandla eenkampani zoluntu ukuqwalasela nokuphanda.

Ukunikela ingqalelo Ekulungelelaniseni Impilo

Ukwahlulwa ngokwempilo okusekelwe kuhlanga, ingeniso, ijoni, nezinye izinto zifumene ingqalelo enkulu, ingakumbi emva kwempembelelo enkulu ye-COVID-19 kuluntu oluphantsi. Inkqubo yexesha elizayo yoluntu iya kujolisa izithintelo zempilo yoluntu. Inyathelo lomthetho lisenokuquka ukuhlawula ikhefu lokugula, ukutyala izindlu, ugcino-mali olungenamali, iinkqubo zokutya, kunye nemithetho elwa nodibaniso loluntu. [[FLT: 0]] Melikan Medical Association (A) neminye imibutho iye yabiza ukunyuselwa kokungaguquguquki kwemiba kwimithetho yempilo.

Ubandakanyeko Loluntu Nolawulo

Imithetho-siseko ephuhliswa ngaphandle kolwazi loluntu idla ngokusilela ukusingatha iimfuno zokwenene okanye ukuchasa kobuso. Iinkqubo zexesha elizayo zowiso-mthetho zisenokuquka iindlela zokuthabatha inxaxheba kuluntu, njengeebhodi zoluntu, ukuvotelwa kwequmrhu, okanye ukubonelela ngoqingqo-mali olunolwahlulo-mali lweenkqubo zempilo. Xa uluntu lubandakanyekile ekulungiseni imithetho yempilo — umzekelo, kwizigqibo eziphathelele-yo iirhafu okanye imimiselo yezindlu zasekuhlaleni — imigaqo ephumela ekutyeleleni

Intsebenziswano Yazwenibanzi

Izisongelo zempilo kawonke wonke aziwuhloneli umgaqo-siseko. Iinkqubo zowiso-mthetho zamazwe, ezifana neMithetho ye-WHO yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Yezempilo, zibalulekile ukuze zilungelelanise ukusabela kwizifo ezigqugqisayo nezinye izisongelo zempilo yomhlaba wonke. Noko ke, ezi zivumelwano zixhomekeke koorhulumente besizwe ukuzalisekisa umthetho welizwe. Ukuqinisa ulawulo lwehlabathi lonke kuya kufuna ukumiselwa kwezopolitiko nokulungelelaniswa okusemthethweni. Isivumelwano esicetyiweyo sezifo ezimanyeneyo kunye nokulungiswa kweMimiselo ye-OSDSDSD yezokwantrayPGraymentalvies simela imigudu eqhubekayo yokuphucula imigaqo-mthetho ehlabathi lonke.

Ngokushwankathela, ukudibana kwemigaqo-nkqubo yempilo yoluntu kunye nenkqubo yowiso-mthetho asiyongcinga emileyo kodwa lulwalamano olunamandla, olulungisayo. Ulawulo olunempumelelo lufuna ukuba abenzi benkqubo, izazinzulu, abamisi-mthetho, kunye nabantu basebenze kunye ukuguqulela ubungqina kwimithetho enyanzelekileyo ekhuselayo nekhuthaza impilo. Kubafundisi-lwazi nabafundi, ukuqonda le nkcazelo kubalulekile ukuze baqonde indlela inkqubela engokwempilo ephunyezwa ngayo — nendlela abanokuxhaswa ngayo kwiimeko zezobupolitika, zezoqoqosho, kunye neengxaki zentlalo.