Ukwazisa: Ibhedi Yendlela Esetyenziswa Ngayo EOstreliya

Kumashumi eminyaka aliqela adluleyo, i-Ostreliya iye yahlakulela umanyano olulungeleleneyo neJapan kunye ne-South Korea oludlulela ngaphaya kwezivumelwano zorhwebo eziqhelekileyo. Olu lwalamano ngoku lusisiseko somanyano lwe-Ostreliya kwi-Indo-Pacific, ummandla ochazwa ngokukhulayo ngokhuphiswano olucwangcisiweyo, inkxalabo yezoqoqosho, kunye nenkxalabo yokhuseleko. Ukuqonda indlela ezi manyano eziye zavela ngayo, oko zikudlulisela ngendlela esebenzayo, kwaye iingxaki ezijamelana nazo ziyimfuneko kumntu ozama ukuqonda amandla olwalamano lwanamhlanje lwezizwe ngezizwe kwiAsia-Pacific.

Kubafundi nabafundisi-mfundo, amaqhina aseOstreliya neTokyo neSeoul anikela uhlolisiso olunyanzelisayo ngendlela amagunya aphakathi anokukwazi ngayo ukuqhuba unxibelelwano lwezoqoqosho, ukuncedisana, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yokuxhasa izilangazelelo zesizwe ngoxa inegalelo kuzinzo lwengingqi. Uhlaziyo olulandelayo luchitha iziseko zembali, ukwakhiwa kwezoqoqosho, imiqathango yokhuseleko, kunye nenkqubano yexesha elizayo.

Isiseko Sembali: Ukususela Kwiintshaba Zangexesha Lemfazwe Ukuya Kutsho Kubantu Abafanelekileyo

Isivumelwano sobudlelane sase-Ostreliya ne-Japan kunye ne-South Korea libali eliphawulekayo lokuguquka. Emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi II, i-Australia yayiyikrokrela kakhulu iJapan. Ukutyikiselwa kwe- Ukutyhala phakathi kwe-Australia, i-New Zealand, ne-United States (ANZUS)[FL:1] ngo1951 , kwabangelwa kukungaqiniseki kwemikhosi yaseJapan. Kodwa kwisithuba samashumi amabini eminyaka, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lwenqanawa yemfazwe kwabangela ukuba kubekho imfuno yeOstreliya eluhlaza, nto leyo eyakhokelela kwisivumelwano sonyaka ka-19551 sorhwebo phakathi kwe-Australia neJapan, eyathi yabeka isiseko solwalamano oluqhubekayo.

Ngokufanayo, unxulumano lwase-Australia noMzantsi Korea ekuqaleni lwalulinganiselwe ngexesha lemfazwe yomlomo. Imfazwe yase Korea (1950-19953) yabona imikhosi yase-Australia ilwa isecaleni kwemikhosi yeZizwe ezimanyeneyo, kodwa yayingoo1960 kuphela apho unxulumano lwezobuzwe lwakhulayo njengoko uMzantsi Korea waqalisa ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubela phambili phantsi koMongameli Park Chung-hee. Ngoo1980, uMzantsi Korea waba yimakethengi enkulu yamalahle ase-Australia, intsimbi, kunye noboya.

Olu nxulumano lwezoqoqosho lwanwenwela ngokuthe ngcembe kwintsebenziswano ebanzi. Isaziso esidibeneyo sase-Australia kwintsebenziswano yoKhuseleko [2007] kunye ne-Australia-Republic yeSebe leQeqeshiwe leKhoreya [2009]) samisela oko kwakusele kuyinyaniso: i-Australia yayinolwalamano olubalulekileyo nawo omabini amazwe angenakuphinda achazwe ngorhwebo.

Imo ye-Geo Antipolitiko: Isizathu sokuba Ezi Ntsibelo Zibe Nto Ngoku

Ummandla weIndo-Pacity ujongene nokutshintsha okukhulu ekulungelelaniseni ulawulo. Ukuma komkhosi okungqongqo kweTshayina, iimbambano zelizwe kuLwandle lwaseMzantsi Tshayina, kunye nodweliso lwenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya kuMntla Korea luye lwadala imeko-bume yokhuseleko olumandundu. IOstreliya, iJapan, neSouth Korea zonke zihlanganyela ekugcineni ucwangco olusekelwe kwimithetho, inkululeko yokuqhuba inqanawa, kunye nengxubusho yoxolo.

Kwi-Australia, ingqiqo ecacileyo. IJapan noMzantsi Korea ziphakathi kwamazwe ambalwa kummandla onamandla emikhosi, ukuthanda kwezobupolitika, kunye nemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi ukusebenzisana kwimicimbi yokhuseleko. Zombini zigcina izivumelwano ezomeleleyo ne-United States, zinika izakhiwo ezinokusetyenziswa kunye. Iphepha elimhlophe le-Defence ngokuqhubekayo ligxininisa ukubaluleka kolu manyano lozinzo lozinzo lommandla.

Ngaphezu koko, ubuchule bezoqoqosho bunyanzelisa ngokufanayo. IJapan ne-South Korea zilelona candelo lesithathu neleshumi elinesibini elikhulu kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini ngokulandelelana. Zizizibonelelo eziphambili kwizakhiwo ze-Australia, imigodi, kunye namacandelo obugcisa. Imfuno yazo yomandla, iminerali, kunye nemveliso yemveliso yemisebenzi yase-Australia. Ngokuchasene noko, impahla neenkonzo ze-Australia zinceda ukuvelisa imveliso yezoshishino .

Intsebenziswano Yezoqoqosho: Injini Yolwalamano

Amaqhina ezoqoqosho ahlala engowona thunywashe ubonakalayo nowomeleleyo womanyano lweOstreliya neJapan neSouth Korea. Imiqulu yezorhwebo ilinganiswa kumashumi amawaka ezigidi zeerandi minyaka le. Ngoxa ukwenziwa korhwebo kwantlandlolo kwakulawulwa yimichako ekrwada, umfanekiso wangoku ungafani ngakumbi.

Urhwebo ngeempahla neenkonzo

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Australia kwilizwe lase-Japan kubandakanya igesi yendalo enyibilikayo (LNG), amalahle, intsimbi, kunye nezinto zokulima ezinjengenyama yenkomo, ingqolowa, kunye nobisi. IJapan isoloko iyintengiso yesibini ekhudlwana yezorhwebo e-Australia emva kweTshayina. I-Australia Economic Partrientry Agumentality (JAEPA)[FLT], isebenza oko ukususela ngo- 2015, iye yaqhubela phambili urhwebo oluthengiswe ngokunciphisa ii-marigingsss kwinyama yenkomo, iwayini, kunye nemveliso ye-horticustual.

Ngokufanayo, i-South Korea yindawo engundoqo ekusingwa kuyo izimbiwa ze-Australia kunye neempahla zokulima. [[FLT: 0] Khorea-Australia Free Trade Agreement (KAFTA) ka-2014 yakhupha ii-pariff kwimveliso ze-Australia njengenyama neswekile, ngeli lixa ivula ukufikelela kwicandelo leenkonzo zoMzantsi Korea zeefemente zase-Australia.

  • IJapan ingenisa imali engaphezu kwama - 40 ekhulwini kwimveliso yeLNG yaseOstreliya.
  • I-South Korea yeyesithathu imarike enkulu yenyama yenkomo yase-Australia.
  • Urhwebo lweenkonzo ezihamba ngendlela ezimbini neJapan lungaphezulu kwee-$7 zezigidi ngonyaka.
  • Utyalo-mali loMzantsi Korea kwimimandla nezakhiwo ze-Australia luye lwakhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ukunyuka kwemali kunye nemibutho edityanisiweyo

Iinkampani zamaJapan zinembali ende yotyalo-mali e-Australia. IiFirms ezifana ne Mitsubishi, Mitsui, kunye neSumitomo zinenxaxheba enzulu ekukhupheni koovimba bendalo, ukuvelisa, neenkonzo zemali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, utyalo-mali lwamaJapan luye lwanwenwa ngamandla avuselelekileyo, ngemisebenzi enjenge Asian Renability Energy Hub itsala umdla osuka kwi-complomedrat.

Utyalo-mali loMzantsi Korea, ngexa luncinane, luye lwakhula ngokukhawuleza. ISamsung ne-LG ziye zamisela imisebenzi ebalulekileyo eOstreliya, kwaye imali yomhlala-phantsi yaseKorea iye yafakela imisebenzi yenkxaso-mali enjenge-Australia efana namazibuko enqanawa kunye neendlela zomonakalo. Imisebenzi edityanisiweyo phakathi kweenkampani zase-Australia nezo Korea kwiindawo ezifana ne-hydrogen namandla kunye nobugcisa bebhetri iya ixhaphaka.

Uphando nolwandiso

Ngaphezu korhwebo, i-Australia, iJapan, ne-South Korea zisebenzisana kakhulu nophando kunye nophuhliso. Inkqubo yophando lwaMalungu yase-Australia-Japani i- iprojekthi ezincedisanayo kwimisebenzi efana ne-quantaum computing, inzululwazi yezamayeza, kunye nobugcisa bezamayeza. Ngokufanayo, i- i-Australia-Korea Foundation[ ikhuthaza ukutshintshisana kwinzululwazi, ubugcisa, kunye nobugcisa.

Ezi zenzo zomanyano ziye zavelisa iziphumo ezibonakalayo. Uphando oludibeneyo phakathi kwezazinzulu zase-Australia nezaseJapan lwakhokelela ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubela yebhetri ye-lithium ye-ion, ngoxa ukusebenzisana namaziko aseMzantsi Korea kuye kwaphucula ubugcisa bokuthatha ikharbon.

Intsebenziswano Yokhuseleko Nokhuselo: Intsika Ekhulayo

Nangona ezoqoqosho beziye zaba zezona ziqhubi ziphambili, intsebenziswano yokhuseleko iye yakhawuleza kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edluleyo. IJapan ne-South Korea ngamaqabane aphambili kwimigudu yeOstreliya yokugcina i-Indo-Pacity ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo.

Ukuzilolonga komkhosi odityanisiweyo kunye nokulungelelana

I-Australia ithatha inxaxheba kwimijikelo emininzi emikhulu yomkhosi neJapan, kuquka i-birnivernity STILY STAB, equka imikhosi yamaJapan njengentsebenziswano rhoqo ukususela ngo-2017. [ i-Australia Accomplition kunye ne-Cross (ACSA)[FLT]] inceda ukuxhasa inkxaso phakathi kwee-Romati ezimbini. Ukongeza, [[FLT] i-Australia-Reciption Reconficrective Active [AFLD], [2022], ityikityikityikityiwe, ukwenzela ukuncedisana nokuqhubana kwemisebenzi yoxolo.

KuMzantsi Korea, iAustralia ibandakanyeka kwimisetyenzana enjenge i-Proficing Pacific Guardian kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kwi umbutho weKhoreya-United States yoMkhosi oHlayisiweyo we-Umthetho . i-Australia-Republic ye-Communic ne-Community Actrition[[[FLT:] [2011]] Ulwabelano lobukrelekrelekrele nophuhliso lwezibonelelo olusemthethweni.

Ubukrelekrele ukwabelana ngobuchule nokuzikhusela

Omathathu amazwe abelana ngobukrelekrele kwimiba esuka kumntla we Korea afumana ukhuseleko lwaselwandle. [FLT:] Amehlo amahlanu awaquki iJapan okanye iSouth Korea, kodwa amanani athethsi athethsi izivumelwano zobuntlola nelizwe ngalinye aqinisiwe. I-Cybersecurity yindawo evelayo yentsebenziswano, kunye nenkqubo yokukhusela yekhompyutha kunye nolwazi olunxulumeneyo kwimijelo evela kumazwe asekuhlaleni.

Ushishino lokhuselo kunye nobuxhakaxhaka

I-Australia ikhangeleka ngakumbi kwiJapan naseMzantsi Korea ukuba ifumane ubugcisa bokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, umkhosi wase-Australia wakhetha inkampani yokhuselo lwamaJapan ukuze ibonelele iimoto ezintsha ezihamba emanzini nasemanzini, ngoxa iHanwa yaseMzantsi Korea yaphumelela isivumelwano sokuzibonelela ngee-itzer. Ezi zenzo azilongezeli nje ubuchule kodwa zikwanyusa amaqhina oshishino kwaye zivelisa imisebenzi eOstreliya.

Ukusekwa kwe ye-Australia iSindululo esiQhebeneyo soKhuselo noKhuseleko ngo- 2007 kunye nezivumelwano ezilandelayo ziyile isakhiwo sengxoxo yolungiselelo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwenkqubo yokuzikhusela oluthe rhoqo. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zikhona kwiSouth Korea, kuquka iNtlanganiso [[FL:2] kunye neNtlanganiso yaBaPhathiswa beNyamalelo. [2]

Ubandakanyeko oludityanisiweyo nolokusetyenziswa koomatshini

Ngaphaya kwemijelo ye-bipateral, i-Australia, iJapan, ne-South Korea zisebenza kunye kwimiba emininzi. iMpuma Asia Summit, AS ECEON Forum [, kunye [[FLT]] ne-[FLT]ADEC zonke iintlanganiso ezinika iqonga lokunxibelelana kwimiba yengingqi. Iintlanganiso ze-Trite eziphakathi kwamazwe amathathu ziye zagquma kakhulu, zigquma izihloko ezifana nokunikezela kwexinzelelwa, ukhuthuzo lwentlekele, kunye nokugquma kwesifo.

I-Australia ixhasa ngamandla ukhokelo lwaseJapan ku iQuadrialialialial Security Dialogue (Quad), nangona iJapan ingomnye wamaqabane amabini abandakanyekileyo ngqo. I-Australia ikwaxhasa uMgaqo-nkqubo omtsha waseMzantsi Korea , ojolise ekunyuseni amaqhina ne-ASEANSAN ne-India-*inkcedives ezinxulumene nombono we-Indo-Pacioksical yase-Australia.

Amaqhina enkcubeko nemfundo: Ukwakha abantu

Unxulumano oluzinzileyo alufuni nje izivumelwano ezisemthethweni. Iinkcubeko neemfundo ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuqondana. IOstreliya yindawo ethandwayo ngabakhenkethi baseJapan naseKorea nabafundi. Nyaka ngamnye, amawaka abafundi baseJapan naseKorea bafunda kwiiyunivesithi zaseOstreliya, ingakumbi kwimimandla efana nezoshishino, ubunjineli, kunye nenzululwazi yendalo.

Inkqubo ye-Japani ye-Exchange kunye nokufundisa (JT) izise abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi base-Australia eJapan, ngelixa i- Australia-Korea Foundation ixhasa iziganeko zenkcubeko kunye nokufunda ulwimi. Ulwalamano lobuncinane phakathi kwamadolobha ase-Australia namadolobha aseJapan okanye ase Korea luqinisa unxulumano olunengca.

Ezi zidibene zidala ikomkhulu lentlalo ezenza ukuba inkxwaleko yentlalo ingabi nokwenzeka kwaye isebenzisane ngeyona ndlela. Ngamaxesha entlekele.

Uhlalutyo Olubalulekileyo: Iingxaki Namathuba Angaphambili

Nangona ezi zinxulumani zomelele, iingxaki eziliqela zimele zilungiswe ngocoselelo.

Iingcinezelo zezobupolitika nolungelelwaniso

Olunye ucelomngeni lulwahlukayo: Eyona nto iphambili ephambili ephambili ekukhuseleni iJapan kukuhlala kuMntla Korea, ngoxa iJapan ijoliswe kwihambo yeTshayina kuLwandle oluseMpuma China kunye neendawo eziseza kungqubana neTaiwan. Ukungalungelelani kwemeko eyingozi eOstreliya kuquka iTshayina nengingqi.

IJapan ne-South Korea zikwanembali yeengxaki zelifa lemveli kwiimbambano zelizwe kunye nezikhalazo zembali. Ngoxa iOstreliya ingabandakanyeki ngqo, le mibandela ingachaphazela intsebenziswano yequmrhu. I-Ostreliya ikhuthaza incoko phakathi kweTokyo neSeoul, kodwa inkqubela iye yacotha.

Ukhuseleko Neengozi Zezoqoqosho

Ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwe-Ostreliya kwizinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eJapan naseMzantsi Korea kubangela ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ehlabathi nokutshintsha-guquka kwenkqubo yamandla. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyanzelisa kweJapan ukuba ingathathi carbon nge-2050 kunganciphisa ukufunwa kwamalahle neLNG e-Australia ngexesha elide. I-Australia kufuneka ifake isiseko sayo ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ifake imali kwicandelo elivelayo njengeminerali enobungcangcangca, ihydrogen, kunye neenkonzo zamanani.

Ngokufanayo, ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho nokwaluphala kwabantu baseMzantsi Korea kunganciphisa ukwanda kweshishini eliza kubakho kwixesha elizayo.

Iimeko Zezobupolitika Zasekhaya

Iipolitiki zasekhaya kuwo onke amazwe amathathu zingawuphembelela umgaqo-nkqubo wamanye amazwe. EOstreliya, iinguqu zikarhulumente zingaguqula ezona zinto ziphambili, ngokomzekelo, urhulumente weSebe oye walawula ngo-2022 ugxininise utshintsho lwemozulu, olunokuthi luchaphazele ulwalamano olugqithisiweyo olurhwetywe kwamanye amazwe. EJapan, utshintsho lokhokelo noluvo lukawonke-wonke malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemali yokuzikhusela lungachaphazela izibophelelo. Abaphathi-mikhosi abahamba phambili baseMzantsi Korea nabalungelelanisiweyo baye bathatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhubana neTshayina, noMntla Korea, kunye neJapan.

Amathuba Okusebenzisana Ngokungakumbi

Xa ukhangela phambili, iindawo eziliqela zinikela amandla abalulekileyo okuqinisa ulwalamano lwakho:

  • Intengiso ye-Energy tration: intabalala ye-ostreliya ehlaziyekayo ingaxhasa iJapan kunye noMzant- Korea wokwenza ilahleko. Ukuphuhliswa kwemixokelelwano ye-hydrogen edityanisiweyo, ukuthathwa kwekharbon, kunye neeprojekthi zokugcina izinto kuyindlela yendalo.
  • I-Iminerals ezingqukuva: i-Australia iqulathe iindawo ezininzi ezigciniweyo zelithium, cobalt, umhlaba onqabileyo, kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezifunekayo kwibhetri kunye ne-elektro. IJapan ne-South Korea zizixokelelwane ezingundoqo kunye nabakhi. Intsebenziswano esondeleyo ingehlisa ukuxhomekeka eTshayina ukuze inikezele.
  • [[NT.0] I-Cybersecurity kunye ne-Economy yamanani: Onke amazwe amathathu ajongene nezisongelo ezikhulayo zekhompyutha. Iinkqubo ezicazululweyo zobuntlola bobuntlola besongelo, isiganeko, kunye nokwakhiwa kwamandla ziyimfuneko. Ukongeza, ukudibanisa imithetho yorhwebo lwamanani kunye nolawulo logcino-lwazi kunganyusa ulwandiso.
  • [ Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka kunye nentsebenziswano yezoshishino: uphuhliso oludibeneyo lobugcisa bokuzikhusela obuvelayo obunjengezixhobo ezigqithisileyo, eziyalela amandla, kunye neenkqubo ezizimeleyo zinokuqinisa ukunqanda ukuma kweqela ngexesha lokwenza iingenelo zezoqoqosho.
  • Inkxaso yophuhliso loMmandla: Uncedo lophuhliso olukhawulezileyo kwiPasifiki nakuMzantsi mpuma Asia lunganyusa ukuphumelela kweenkqubo kunye nophawu lomanyano ekuxhaseni amazwe amancinci.

Isiphumo: ISixhobo esicwangcisiweyo eOstreliya

Umanyano olucwangcisiweyo lweOstreliya neJapan ne-South Korea asilulo ulwalamano oluzikhethelayo; zizinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ilizwe liphumelele ngokwezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lwesizwe, kunye nempembelelo yentlalo. Ekubeni kumashumi eminyaka yorhwebo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe lunwenwe, olu manyano luye lwangqinelana namaxesha okungazinzi kwehlabathi. Ngoxa iingxaki zikho .(ukusuka kutshintsho lwezenzululwazi yehlabathi) ukuya kutshintshisana ngezoqoqosho .

Kubafundisi-mfundo nabafundi, ukuhlalutya olu lwalamano kunika ingqiqo eluncedo kwindlela amagunya aphakathi aqhuba ngayo inkqubo entsonkothileyo yezizwe ngezizwe. Imeko yeOstreliya, iJapan, ne-Korea yoMzantsi ibonisa ukuba unxibelelwano, ukuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokudibana kocwangco kungenza izicwangciso ezihlala ixesha elide zoxolo nempumelelo. Njengoko ummandla weIndo-Pacace uqhubeka uguquka, la magunya aya kuba makhulu ngakumbi, axolise ikamva kungekhona kumazwe abandakanyekileyo kodwa kummandla wonke.

Ukuqhubeka kufundwa, kuhlolisiswa iingxelo zeSebe leMicimbi yaMany ’ Amazwe nezorhwebo zase-Australia, uhlalutyo lweZiko lezeMali laseJapan-Australia, i-Lowy Institute[ iingxelo ezingokhuseleko lwe-Indo-Pacific, kunye nophengululo lwethala leencwadi lemali lase-Australia [[FLT]]