Ukuqonda Ucalucalulo Nemiphumo Yalo Ekulinganiseni Naselusantsani

Ucalucalulo luhlala lungomnye wezona zinto zingapheliyo neziyingozi kwibutho labantu, ukuguqula amava aphilayo ezigidi emhlabeni wonke. Luphelisa imigaqo esisiseko yokulingana nenkululeko yabemi, ludala imiqobo ethintela abantu kunye nemibutho ukuba bangabi nenxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi yentlalo, yezobupolitika, kunye nezoqoqosho. Ukwakha ibutho elinobulungisa ngokwenene, kubalulekile ukuqonda hayi nje kuphela izenzo ezicacileyo zekhethe kodwa kwanendlela enzulu yokukhetha abantu eziye zavela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Eli nqaku lihlola iingcambulo, imiqondiso, iziphumo zocalucalulo, imizobo yembali, imizekelo yanamhlanje, kunye namaqhinga asebenzayo okutshintsha indlela ucalucalucalulo olujonge ngayo umgangatho noluvo olujonge ngayo umgangatho wobukholo, sino olufunekayo ekulungiseni iinkqubo ezikhoyo kwiinkqubo eziqinileyo kunye nezineentlobo zexesha elizayo.

Imbali Ethetha Ngocalucalulo

Ucalucalulo asiyonto isungulwayo yale mihla. Imvelaphi yalo isekelwe ngokunzulu kwisiseko sempucuko yamandulo, apho abaphathi bentlalo, imigaqo-siseko yomthetho, nezithethe zenkcubeko zamaqela athile athenjiswe ngokwendlela elungeleleneyo ngoxa ethetha amanye. Ukuqonda le ngcamango yembali kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuba ucalucalulo lwexeshana ludla ngokuba ngumphumo wendlela yokuziko lweziko lamandulo kunokuba kubekho iziganeko ezizodwa zocalulo.

Impucuko Yamandulo Neendidi Zamandulo

KwiYiputa yamandulo, ubuchule bobuntlalo babusekelwe kudidi, ukulawulwa, nakubuhlanga, ngokufuthi kusenziwa amaqela angaphandle athotywe aphantsi. Iinkqubo zomthetho zeGrisi yamandulo neRoma zahlaliswa, zinika ubumi kunye nemigaqo esemthethweni kuphela kubantu abathile ngoxa bebakhanyela abafazi, amakhoboka, kunye nabantu basemzini. Idemokhrasi yaseAthene, ngokufuthi ibhiyozelwa njengesiqalo seengcinga zobupolitika, amabhinqa akhutshwayo, abantu abakhotyokisiweyo, nabangengabo ababandakanye, ibonisa ukuba iindlela zolawulo lwangaphambili zazisoloko zixhomekeke kwimidabi. Ezi ziganeko zangaphambili zakudala zimisela iindlela zokucalula iinkalo ezazizaza emva kweenkulungwane kamva.

Imihla Yamandulo Neyamandulo

Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi, ucalucalulo lonqulo lwaba lulawulo olunamandla. Iinkqubo zokulwa noNjongo-phantsi zawathintela amaYuda kwimisebenzi ethile yamaKristu eYurophu, zawamisela amalungelo awo empahla, zaza zawabangela ukuba abe nogonyamelo ngamaxesha athile kwaye agxothwe. Ngokufanayo, abantu bamaSilamsi eSpeyin batshutshiswa ngexesha leReconquista, kwaye amahlelo awexukeleyo amaKristu ayekhohliswa yiNkundla yokuNcina Amakholwa. Ixesha lamakoloni elalandela ipropati yamaYuda ekwakhe imimandla yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, njengokuba amazwe aseYurophu ayekuthethelela ukukhotyo nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu baseAfrika kunye nabantu abakwizimfazwe ngeminye iingcamango zenzululwazi zobungangangalo. Ezi ngcamango zasetyenziswa njengomthetho, ukuvelisa iinkqubo zobukhoboka obuhlanga nocalundlo lwamathanga obunqongo obusayo kangangeenkulungwane.

Ukukhanyiselwa Neempikiswano Zako

Ukukhanyiselwa kwazisa iingcamango eziguqulayo ngamalungelo emvelo, inkululeko, nesidima sabantu. Izazi-bulumko ezinjengoJohn Locke kunye noJean-Jacques Rousseau zachaza imigaqo echanekileyo yokulingana eyavavanya ulawulo oluzukileyo. Kodwa ezi ngcamango zasetyenziswa ngokukhethayo. Iinkcubeko ezininzi zoluNjikelezo zazinabakhonzi okanye zixhasa ulwandiso lwe-koloni, kwaye imigaqo esemthethweni ezazisoloko ziphembelela amabhinqa, amaqela amaqela amaqela esizwe, namahlwempu. ISindululo saseUnited States seNtlanganiso savakalisa ukuba bonke abantu badalwa belingana, ukanti abakhotyo baseAfrika okanye abantu abakhotyo. Oku kuphikisana phakathi kobuGaqolo-omatilams kunye noqhelisomatilo-omatila.

Inkulungwane Yama - 20 Neemfazwe Eziqhubekayo

Inkulungwane yama-20 yangqinela ukukhutshwa kocalulo kunye nentsebenziswano enamandla yokulwahlula. uJim Crow wanika intsebenziswano kwimithetho enyanzelisa ucalulo lobuhlanga kunye nokurhoxiswa kohlanga, ngexesha lobuNazi baseJamani baqhuba iiprojekthi zokutshatyalaliswa kwesizwe. Imibutho yamalungelo abantu yoo-1950 kunye nowe-1960 yaphumelela iimpumelelo ezingokomthetho, kuquka uMthetho wamaLungelo ka-1964 kunye noMthetho wamaLungelo waseMerika ka-19649 kunye nomthetho we-Voright Act. Kodwa ke, ucalucalucalu-calu-calu-calulo alwayo, ithatha iindlela ezintsha njengeminya, ukuchola, ukurhola, kunye nokurhoxabana. Namhlanje, amafa eencwadi embali ayaqhubeka nokukhunjululwa kwemiciselwa kwemibango yezo zorhwebo, yemfundo, yemfundo, yemfundo, yemfundo, kunye noomeli bezobupolitika.

Iindlela Zocalucalulo Nezokungasamkeli Kwazo Izinto

Ucalucalulo lusebenza ngomlinganiselo omninzi, luchaphazela abantu namaqela asekelwe kwiimpawu ezininzi. Nangona uhlobo ngalunye localulo lunembali yalo kwaye lunemisebenzi yalo, ludla ngokuphindaphindeka, lubangele iingxaki ezidityanisiweyo kwabo bafumana iindidi ezininzi zocalulo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni kwendlela abasabela ngayo.

Ucalucalulo Lobuhlanga Nolobuhlanga

Ucalucalulo lobuhlanga lubandakanya ukuphatha abantu ngendlela engathandekiyo ngenxa yohlanga lwabo okanye ubuhlanga. Lunokubonakala njengekhethe elicacileyo okanye njengemichiza emincinane engabonakaliyo, kwaye lusoloko lusebenza kumaziko akhoyo anjengenkqubo anokungalingani, ukufumaneka kwezindlu, kunye nokungalingani kokwahlulwa kwempilo. EUnited States, uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abaNsundu nabasuka eSpeyin bajongene nomlinganiselo ophezulu wobuhlwempu, ukuvalelwa, nokugula okunganyangekiyo, kwanabamhlophe, kwanaxa belawula imeko yezentlalo. Ehlabathi lonke, iincutshe ezinjeni ezinjeni e-Rohingwayya eMyanmar okanye e-Uyghurs ekwimeko yeTshayina, ukurhoxilongo, ukurhoxiwa, ukuva, ukuva, nokugula kwempucuko.

Ucalucalulo Olusekelwe Kwisini

Ucalucalulo lwehlabathi luchaphazela abantu abalinganayo, nangona amabhinqa kunye nabantu abangalinganiyo namabhinqa bechaphazelekayo ngokungenakulinganiswa. Luquka intlawulo engenakulinganiswa, imiqobo ekuqhubeleni phambili emsebenzini, nogonyamelo olusekelwe kwi-swnite. I-World Economic Forum iqikelela ukuba kwiqondo langoku, kuya kuthabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwe- 130 ukuvala umsantsa wehlabathi jikelele wobufana. Ukucalulwa okusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo kunye nobufana neentlobano zesini kudibanisa olunye ulwaleko. Kumazwe amaninzi, LGBTQ+ abantu abajamelene nesohlwayo, ukucinelwa, ukucinezelwa ngokwentlalo, nokukhanyelwa kweenkonzo ezisisiseko. Kwanamazwe athe kratya okuqhubekayo, afumana imingeni engo yempilo, ukungabi namakhaya, kunye nokucwa kwemisebenzi.

Ucalucalulo Lonqulo

Ucalucalulo lonqulo lujolise kubantu ngabanye ngenxa yokholo lwabo okanye ukuswela kwabo. Luquka ukucalucalulwa ngokwentlalo nokuthiya intetho kunye nentshutshiso enogonyamelo. Iqela elincinane lonqulo njengesiSilamsi kumazwe aseNtshona, amaKristu kwiindawo eziphakathi Mpuma, kunye namaSilamsi ase-Ahmadiya ePakistan ajongene nemiqathango yonqulo, imisebenzi, kunye nokuthathi-nxaxheba kwezentlalo. Kwezinye iimeko, ucalucalucalulo olucalulo-ntle lwesizwe lubangelwa yinkcaso yesithethe, nto leyo edala iindawo apho inkululeko yonqulo ithotyelwe ngokubanzi.

Ucalucalulo Lobudala

Ucalucalulo lobudala, okanye ubudala, luchaphazela abantu abancinane nabakhulileyo. Abasebenzi abadala bangagqithiselwa ukunyuselwa, ukugxothwa, okanye ukunyanzelwa ukuba bathathe umhlala-phantsi, ngoxa abasebenzi abatsha besenokulahlwa njengabangenamava okanye abangevuthwa. I-American Association of Retired Persons (AAAARP) inikela ingxelo yokuba phantse isithathu sabasebenzi abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu baye bafumana ikhethe elinxulumene nobudala babo. Ukucalucalucalucalulo lobudala bubonakala nakunyamekela impilo, apho izigulana ezikhulileyo zinokungafumani lunyango olunzima okanye iinkonzo zoluntu, apho iminyaka emidala ibekelwe imiqatha ekungenelweni.

Ucalucalulo Olungenakufikeleleka

Ucalucalulo kubantu abakhubazekileyo luneentlobo ezininzi, ukusuka kwimiqobo ebangela ukuba abantu bangakwazi ukuhamba baze bangakwazi ukufikelela kwimiqobo engekho mthethweni. Nangona kuthintelwa ngokusemthethweni njengoMthetho weMerika onesiphene, abantu abaneziphene abafane baqashelwe, badla ngokuphila ngobuhlwempu, kwaye ngokufuthi abavumi ukufikelela kwimfundo nakwempilo. Umbutho wamalungelo oneziphene uye warhoxa kwimo yezamayeza, ekwakheni kwengxaki, ekwakheni kwemiqobo, echaza ukuba ingunozalakhokho kwemiqobo yentlalo,

Ulwalamano Olumanyeneyo Nocalucalulo Olumanyeneyo

Umphengululi wasemthethweni uKimberlé Crenshaw wasungula ingcamango yokudibana kwemida edibeneyo ukuchaza indlela ezininzi zocalulo olunokudibana ngayo. Umzekelo, ibhinqa eliNsundu lingajongana nocalulo olungekuphela nje kwento yobuhlanga kunye nobufanasini kodwa uhlobo olwahlukileyo localucalulo olujonge kuye. Ngokufanayo, iLGBTQ ekhubazekileyo i-from iyakwazi ukuthatha iindlela ezithelekisa iindlela zokukhetha izinto. Indlela yokuvula i-transferation ibalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ucalulo kunye nokuyila izisombululo ezifikelela abo bambalwa.

Imiphumo Yocalucalulo Ngokulingana

Ucalucalulo lunciphisa ukulingana phantse kuyo yonke imimandla yobomi. Lubangela imiqobo yokufumana amathuba, lukhuthaza imijikelo yokungafezeki, lukhuthaza umahluko okhoyo kwizizukulwana. Imiphumo ayipheleliselwanga kwizinto ezithe ngqo ezicinezelwe lucalucalulo; lubangela ukukhuthuka kwangaphandle, ludodobalisa umanyano lwentlalo nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kubantu bonke.

Ukungalingani Kwezoqoqosho

Ucalucalulo lwezoqoqosho lungasikelwa imida yokuhlawula kakuhle imisebenzi, ukuthenga iimali ezinokuhlawulelwa, kunye namathuba okwakha ubutyebi. Imali ehlawulwayo yohlanga kunye neyesini iyaqhubeka ikho nakushishino, namabhinqa efumana malunga neesenti ezingama-82 ngemali nganye efunyenwe ngamadoda kunye nabasebenzi abaMnyama nabakwiSpeyin efumana imali engaphantsi. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokubolekisa ngemali, njengokwenza umhlala-phantsi, iye yawakha umgangatho wokufumana imibala yemali ehlawulelwe ishishini, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iintsapho ezimhlophe zigcine ubutyebi obuphindwe kasibhozo ngezihlandlo ezi-8. Oku kunika iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide, ukudityaniselwa kwemfundo, ukuphelelwa umhlala phantsi, nokusetyenziswa kwemali.

Ukungalingani Kwemfundo

Izikolo ezikwimimandla ephantsi zidla ngokufumana inkxaso encinane, zingenabafundisi-mfundo baninzi abanamava, kwaye zinika izifundo ezimbalwa eziphambili. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho lokuqeqesha ngokungenakulinganiswa zinqumanisa kwaye zikhuphe abafundi ngemibala, ziwatyhalela ngaphandle kweklasi kwaye kwinkqubo yokugweba yolwaphulo-mthetho. Abafundi abaneziphene bangafakwa kwiiklasi eziqeshiweyo okanye abanikwa indawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo. Ezi ziququzelelwa-siseko ezichaseneyo, zimisela umda ukufikelela kwemfundo ephezulu kunye namathemba omsebenzi. Umphumo ngulo apho ucalucalucalulo kwimfundo luvelisa ukukhulelana okunga ngokwentla nokwezoqoqosho.

Umahluko Empilweni

Ucalucalulo lukukungaqiniseki kwempilo, okuneziphumo ezinzulu kwimpilo engokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ukuchanabeka ngokuqhubekayo kubuhlanga, ubundlobongela besini, nezinye iintlobo zocalucalulo kubangela uxinezeleko olunetyhefu olufak'syo olubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, kunye neengxaki zengqondo. Amaqela ahlukeneyo asoloko engakwazi ukufikelela kumgangatho ophezulu wempilo, afumana unyango oluphantsi, kwaye ajongenemiqobo engakumbi kwi-inshorensi yempilo. ICOVID-19 ebona ngokucacileyo ezi zinto zichaphazelekayo, kunye ne-IMlalight, kunye ne-latini ehamba ngemizimba esuntluvo ephezulu kakhulu kunye nenani lokufa. La mpilo ekwizizinto ezikhoyo azikho ngengozi; zingumphulo we-inshorensitarianism kunye nenkqubo yempilo.

Ukungalingani Kwenkcubeko Nenkcubeko

Ucalucalulo lukhuthaza ukwahlulwa kwentlalo, lunciphisa ukufikelela kwamaqela aphantsi kwimithombo yoluntu, amaziko enkcubeko, kunye nee-intanethi. Lungakhokelela ekuhlaliseni abantu ngokweendawo, apho imigca yeentlanga nezoqoqosho yahlula abamelwane ngokwezentlalo ngokwezentlalo ekhoyo. Oku kukhuthaza ezinye iindidi zocalulo, njengokuba abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinabantu abangathotyelwanga ngokwesondo bengenandlela ingakumbi yokufumana iipaki, izitore, izitore-mpahla, kunye nezithuthi. Ngokwenkcalulo ngokwenkcubeko, inkcatho, iimbono ezijongeneyo, ziyasuswa kwimithombo yezixhobo, imfundo, kunye nentetho kawonke wonke. Oku kukhuthaza ukuba abanye abantu bangenayo

Impembelelo Ekukhululweni Kwabemi

Inkululeko yamakhaya ngamalungelo asisiseko nenkululeko ekhusela abantu ekuphathweni ngurhulumente naqinisekisa ukuba banenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.

Inkululeko Yokuthetha Neyonxulumano

Ucalucalulo lungaphelisa inkululeko yokuthetha ngokubeka amabinzana aphantsi. Imithetho yokuthetha echaphazelekayo, nangona icetyiwe ukukhusela amaqela angenazikhuseli, ingasetyenziselwa ukohlwaya ukuchasana. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukunqongophala kokukhusela intetho yentiyo kungenza imeko eyingozi. Kwakhona ukucalucalucalulo lungasikel' umda inkululeko yokunxulumana; umzekelo, i-LGBTQ+ abantu basenokujamelana nokugxothwa kwimibutho yonqulo, kwaye iqaqobana elinamalungu entlanganisweni engabantu abangabantu abangabantu abangabantu okanye kwiinkqubo zobugcisa. Le miqathango inciphisa ukwahlukahlukana kweembono kwintetho yesidlanga-wonke kwintetho yesidlanga-wonke kwaye ithongalula ukuthonga amandla.

Ukuncomela Amalungelo Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwezobupolitika

Ukutyhubela imbali, ucalucalulo luye lwasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokususa abavoti. Iirhafu, iimvavanyo zokufunda nokubhala, kunye namaqhinga okoyikisa zasetyenziswa ukuthintela abantu abamnyama baseMelika ekuvoteni kwi-Jim Crow yaseMzantsi. Namhlanje, imithetho ye-Id, ukukhutshwa kweevoti, ukuhlaywa kwemivoti, kunye nokuncitshiswa kokuvota kwasekuqaleni kuchaphazela iinguqu, abantu abadala, nabantu abaneziphene. Ukungaqiniseki kwemithetho yokuvota kubantu abanolwaphulo-mthetho, okuthi kubangele ukuba abantu abamnyama bangabi namalungelo okusesikweni kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Le miqathango yenza ulawulo lungabi nanto injalo iziphumo zokungasayi kulawulo olubonisa ukuba bonke abemi.

Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni kunye nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Ucalucalulo lululaza umgaqo wokusesikweni okulinganayo phantsi komthetho. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abambalwa babonakala bema, bephengulula, bebanjwa, kwaye bagwetywa ngolunya xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe ngenxa yetyala elifanayo. Abantsundu bavalelwa izihlandlo ezingaphezulu kwezihlanu kwesantya samadoda amhlophe. Abamhlophe kunye nabangenazo iintlobo ezininzi basoloko bevalelwa entolongweni baze bagxothwe ngaphandle komelo olusemthethweni, kwaye abantu abaneziphene basenokungavunyelwa ukuba bangenelele ngokupheleleyo kwimicimbi esemthethweni. Xa inkqubo yokugweba ngokwayo ingulo ikruqula ityala lomthetho, isusa ukuthembana kwabenziswa abantu bonke kwaye ikhuthaza ukungalingani okuthethwa yidilesi.

IKomiti yamaLungelo abantu yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo igxininise ukuba ucalucalulo luchasene namalungiselelo amaninzi eZizwe Ngezizwe angoMvumelwano waMazwe onke wamalungelo aMazwe kunye nawobuPolitiko, kuquka ilungelo lokukhusela ngokufanayo, ilungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke, nelungelo lenkululeko yokucinga nonqulo. I-CPR system facel [ icela kumazwe ukuba athintele ucalucalucalulo kulo naliphi na ilizwe nokuqinisekisa ukuba amayeza asebenzayo amaxhoba. Kodwa ukunyanzeka kuyaphikisana, kwaye amazwe amaninzi ayazama ukuphila ngokwale miqathango.

Uphando Ngemiba Yocalulo Kwimbali Nemibandela Engokwembali

Uhlolisiso olungqalileyo lusinceda sibone indlela olusebenza ngayo ucalulo nendlela abantu abaye baluthintela ngayo.

UJim Crows neNtlanganiso yaMalungelo

Emva kokuvuselelwa kwemithetho yesizwe, amaphondo aseMazantsi, amisela imithetho enyanzelisa ucalucalulo lobuhlanga kuzo zonke iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kuquka izikolo, ezothutho, kunye nezindlu. Le mithetho yayiphelekwa kukunyanzeliswa kolawulo olunogonyamelo olubandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho ebhaliweyo, kuquka uMthetho wamaLungu ka-1964 kunye neVongling Rights Act ka-1965. Noko ke, ifa likaJim Crow iyaqhubeka kwizakhiwo zakudala, kunye [[FLT] nemizamo engekho ngqongqo yokulwa nokungavumelani ezi nkqubo. Imigudu yabo yaphela ipheleliswa ngumthetho olawula uluntu, kuquka noMthetho we-Ovinity Rights ka-196564, kunye noMthetho we-Oling Crow iyaqhubeka kwizenzo zokulwa kwelungelo lokuvolwa kwezizwe.

Intshukumo yamabhinqa yokuzikhusela nangaphaya

Umzabalazo wamalungelo okuvota wamabhinqa wathabatha amashumi eminyaka, kunye nabaxhasi abanjengoSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton bajongene nokugculelwa, ukubanjwa, kunye nogonyamelo. Uhlaziyo lwe-19th Lowethu lwanika amabhinqa ilungelo lokuvota ngo 1920, kodwa olu loyiso aluzange luphelele, njengoko amabhinqa amaninzi anemibala eqhubeka ejongene nemiqobo. Umbutho wanamhlanje wamalungelo amalungelo alwandiswayo uquka intlawulo olulinganayo, amalungelo okuzala, kunye nokukhuselwa kokukhathazwa ngokwesini kunye nogonyamelo. UNESCO's' umsebenzi wokulingana ngokobufana nomntu ngamnye ubala] ubala imfuneko yokuqhubeka kwenkqubela yemfundo, umelo, umelo lwezopolitiko, kunye nethuba.

Amalungelo eemveli kunye nentsebenziswano zolawulo

Abantu belizwe jikelele baye bajamelana neenkulungwane zocalucalulo, ukugxothwa, kunye nokukhuselwa kwenkcubeko. Imithetho yokunyanzeliswa kokusetyenziswa kwemibutho yamazwe anjengeKhanada, i-Australia, kunye ne-United States yaphumela ekususweni kwabantwana kwizikolo zokuhlala, ukucinywa kweelwimi nezithethe, nokulahleka kwamazwe amakhokhokhowa. Ukungavumelani kwe-Ogrock ka-2016 kwazisa ingqalelo yehlabathi lonke kwimilo eqhubekayo yengingqi yengiswano yemekobume nolawulo. Namhlanje, imibutho enjenge- Ukusindeka kwesizwe [ ukuxhasa amalungelo e-IGrives, ukubulisa ilizwe, ukuzigcina kwenkcuba, nokugcina, ngoxa kusebenza ekuthetheni kwezoqoqosho, kwaye kuvelise ithuba lokufumana ingeniso.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwamatyala

IBlack Lives Matter itsale ingqalelo kwindlela ucalucalulo olusebenza ngayo kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukubulawa kwamapolisa abantu abantsundu abaxhotyisiweyo, kuquka uGeorge Floyd, Brenna Taylor, kunye nabanye abaninzi, kuye kwabangela ukuba imikhosi yomhlaba wonke ifune ukuphenduliswa nokuhlaziywa kwetyala. I-United States inesantya esiphezulu sokuvalelwa ehlabathini, namaBlack America avalelwe izihlandlo ezihlanu kumlinganiselo wokungena eMelika. Imfazwe yeziyobisi, ukunyanzelelwa komlo, kunye nemithetho emithathu ekhuselwe ukhuseleko iye yachaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ibangela umjikelezo wobuhlwempu, i-ntle, kunye nokwahlukana kwentsapho. Advokigracy iyaqhubeka ikhuthaza ukungenelwa kweminxele, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lwezomthetho, ukukhuthulwa kokhuseleko loluntu, kunye nokuzinzo oluphambili.

Ucalucalulo noXenophobia

Abantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe basoloko becalucalulwe ngenxa yemvelaphi yesizwe, yolwimi, kunye nemeko esemthethweni. E-United States, iinkqubo ezifana nokuvalwa kohambo ngamaSilamsi kunye nokwahlukana kwentsapho kumda ziye zajolise amaqela athile, ngelixa ubugcisa obuchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwezobugxwayiba buye bakhuthaza ulwaphulo-mthetho lwentiyo. Abafuduki abangabhalwanga zihlala phantsi baphila ngoloyiko lokugxothwa, abangakwazi ukufikelela kwimisebenzi esisiseko okanye ukunikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa komsebenzi. Ehlabathini lonke, iimbacu ezibaleka iimfazwe zijamelene nemidangala, ukuvalelwa, nokunyuka kwe-Anti. I-OPGOP isebenza ukukhusela amalungelo abantu abafudusiweyo, kodwa ikhethe liyaqhubeka ukulinganisela amandla abo okufumana nokufumana kwakhona ubomi babo.

Iindlela Zokuphelisa Ucalucalulo

Ukulwa nocalucalulo kufuneka indlela eninzi ejolise kwizimo zengqondo zomntu ngamnye kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle. Ubuchule obusebenzayo kufuneka buphelele, buxhaswe kwaye buphelele nalawo achaphazelekayo abangelwa lucalulo.

Imfundo nokulumkiswa

Imfundo sisixhobo esinamandla sokucel ’ umngeni ikhethe kunye nokwakha. Izifundo eziquka iipaseji ezimela ngokuchanekileyo iimbali kunye negalelo lamaqela aphantsi zinganceda ukulwa noluvo oluqhelekileyo kunye nolwazelelelo. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabantu abachaphazelekayo kwizikolo nasemsebenzini kungafundisa abantu ukuba baqonde ikhethe labo elicacileyo baze basebenzise isimilo esingenakuguqulwa. Amaphulo olwazi lukawonke-wonke angabalaselisa iziphumo zocalucalulo kunye nenkxaso yotshintsho. Abameli bamaMedi bakwanjalo, njengemibazwe eyahlukeneyo nengqinelanayo kwezolonwabo nakuthethwa ngeendaba, zingaguqula izithethe zempucuko.

Utshintsho Nomthetho

Ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lubalulekile ekunqandeni ucalucalulo nokunika abo banalo amayeza. Ukuqinisa imithetho elwa nocalucalulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyimfuneko, nokuvala ukurhoxiswa kwemithetho elawulayo, nokuvumela ikhethe liqhubeke zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuquka ukuhlaziya imimiselo yentiyo yolwaphulo-mthetho, ukomeleza ukhuseleko emsebenzini, nokuqinisekisa ukuba amaziko amalungelo asekuhlaleni afuna ubuncwane. Utshintsho lwenkqubo kufuneka luphinde luthethe nabaqhubi benkqubo yocalulo, njengezindlu zokuqeshisa, ukuqesha kwezindlu, ukuqeshana kwemfundo, kunye nokungalungelelana kwemithetho-mthetho. Imibutho ye-Advocatacy, kuquka i-Liberioties Union [[FLT:] ye-Domalkt:1], yenza indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko zokurhoxaso, ukukhuthaza ulawulo lomthetho, nokukhusela amalungelo amaqela ahlukene.

Ukuququzelela uluntu neentshukumo ezizii-Grass

Utshintsho oluxhaswe lusoloko luvela kulwakhiwo lwengca. Iintlangano ezisekelwe kuluntu zingakha amandla phakathi kwamaqela aphantsi, umanyano, kunye namaqumrhu ajongene nokuchanabeka. Umbutho wamalungelo abantu, umbutho wamalungelo abafazi, kunye neLGBTQ+ iintshukumo zamalungelo zonke zafumana amandla ekulungiseni, ekuqhubeni, nasekuqiniseni ingxubeko yoluntu. Namhlanje, intsebenziswano enjenge Black Lives Confective kunye nezobulungisa zemozulu ziyaqhubeka ezi zithethe, zisebenzisa izixhobo zoluntu kunye namanani ukukhuthaza amazwi asezantsi kunye nabaxhasi. Ukuxhasa le ntshukumo ngeminikelo, ukunikezela, ukusebenza, kunye nolwakhiwo-manyeneyo.

I-Ofisi yeNkcubeko neNkcubeko

Iziko liquka iinkampani, iiyunivesithi, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente, anembopheleleko yokulungisa ucalucalulo ngokwemisebenzi yawo. Ukuzimela, ukudibana kwemisebenzi ekhoyo, ukudibana kwemiba ekhoyo kunye namanyathelo okudibanisa indalo anganceda ekuveliseni abameli abangakumbi kunye nemekobume equkayo, kodwa kufuneka zihambe ngaphaya komqondiso ocacileyo. Iindlela ezisebenzayo ziquka ukuqokelelwa kweenkcazelo ezicace gca kwimiba yabantu, ukuhlawula ii-partments, ukuqeqesha ukujongwa kocalucalu-calulo, kunye nemijelo ecacileyo yokunika inkcalulo. Iinkampani zingasebenzisa amandla azo ezoqoqosho ukuxhasa ukuqokelela imixokelelwa, ukudiselwa kookna kobugxanduva, nokukhuthaza imigaqo kawonke enciphisa ukungalingani. Ukuphendula imicimbi ngokuzimeleyo kufuna ukuzibongela ngokwayo, nokuzixhasa iziphumo zokungaphumeleli kokwakhomba ukuxhasa ukufikelela kwimithetho.

Isiphelo: Indlela Ekhokelela Kwikamva Elinokulingana Kakhulu

Ucalucalulo luhlala lulucelomngeni olunzulu nolungapheliyo, kodwa akungolungenakupheliswa. Imbali ibonisa ukuba isenzo somanyano sinokuphelisa kwanezona nkqubo zisemgangathweni zisisiseko zengcinezelo. Ukuqonda iimvelaphi zembali, imiqondiso eyahlukeneyo, neziphumo ezifikelela kude zocalucalulo linyathelo eliyimfuneko ekwakheni ibutho labantu apho ukulingana nenkululeko yabemi kuqinisekiswe ngokwenene kubo bonke abantu. Lo msebenzi ufuna ukuphaphaphazela, ukuthobeka, kunye nozibomkelo lokulungisa iinkalo zabo, ukulungiselela utshintsho, kunye nemigaqo epheleleyo. Indlela engaphambili ayilula, kodwa izibondanga zifanele ziphile ngesidima, ukuze zingene kwibutho labantu, kwaye zikhuselwe kulo mbono. Ukufumana lo mbono kuya kufuna umgudu, kodwa ukulungiselela ukufezeka kwemali epheleleyo, kodwa ukulwa kweminyanzelo.