Ukwanda Komsitho Wamanzi

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kulungise igalelo lokhetho olusisiseko, kuvumela abemi ukuba bafake iintsuku okanye iiveki phambi koSuku lokhetho. Oku kuguqulwa ukusuka kwimodeli yokhetho kusuke kwifestile eyandisiweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe imiqobo kwaye kwandiswe ufikelelo. Lo mkhwa waqala wafumana igalelo elibalulekileyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 njengabalawuli benkqubo kunye nabalawuli bonyulo baqaphele ukuba ucwangciso oluqinileyo lwemini olunye lonyulo lwahlula-lo luhlulwe ngokweeveki ezithile zecandelo elibalulekileyo labanyuliweyo //abasebenzi, abafundi, kunye nabantu ngabanye abanoxandumiso yokunyamekela. Ngo-202020.S. Unyulo lomongameli, ekuqaleni kokhetho, lwangaphambili lwama-60% abo bonke oomatshini bokuvota abakhankatha kumacandelo amaninzi emfazwe, inani elibonisa ukuba libandakanye amaqela abasebenzayo kulawulo olukhoyo kule mihla.

Imeko Nenkqubela Yembali

Umbutho wangoku wokuvota wamandulo eUnited States ungalandelwa kuweminyaka yee 1970, xa amaphondo ambalwa aqalisa ukuzama ukuvota kwangethuba njengomlinganiselo wokubonelela. iKhalifoniya neTexas zaziphakathi koovulindlela, zinika amaxesha okuvota alinganiselweyo angaphambili acwangciselwe ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwezikhundla zokuvota. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini elandelayo, uqheliselo olwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngoo 2000, ngaphezu kwesithathu samaphondo afumana uhlobo oluthile lokuvota kwasekuqaleni, mhlawumbi kwi-person okanye ngeposi. Isifo somli-202020 sandisa lo ngxaki, njengoko amasebe anwenwela kwiposi nasekuqaleni kokhetho oluqhelekileyo lokukhusela impilo kawonke. Olu lwalwandolo lwelizwe lwaye lungathethiswayo, nangona ulawulo oluninzi, uninzi lwelizwe oluqhelekileyo, ulawulo oluqhelekileyo, nolungekho ngokomthetho lwemeko-R.[0]

Ukukhuliswa nokuphicothwa

Ngaphandle kwe-United States, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuye kwavunywa ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo empumelelo. EKhanada, uvotelo lwangaphambili lukhona kunyulo lwezwekazi olukhoyo “kunyulwa "kukhawulezileyo” iintsuku ezine malunga nosuku lonyulo. Inkqubo yaseKhanada ithatha iziphumo eziphezulu, kunye nezingaphezulu kwama-20% zabavoti abasebenzisa uvoti kuhlolo lwakutshanje. I-Australia iyalela ukuba kuvotelwe kodwa ibone ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kwemijelo yokuvota okususela phambili ukususela kuma-22% ngonyaka ka-2025 ukuya kuma-5%, eqhutywa yi-votistyhay-sbesssssss. Ilizwe laseNew Zealand livumela ukuvota ngokomvote kwimibalwa kwezizwe ngezizwe ezininzi, ngoxa amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, njengaseFinland naseSweden, enikela ukuvota ngokomgangatho wokuqala weenkqubo zonyulo lwawo. Le mizekelo yamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe akubonisi ukuvavanywa ngokutsha ukuba alungele ukuvavanywa kweminye ukuvavanywa kweminye i-onke i-o

Iingenelo Zokusetyenziswa Kwangaphambili Kweziphumo

Uvotelo lwangaphambili ludlulisela iinzuzo ezingaphaya kokulungela, ukuphembelela ngqo iinkalo, iindlela zephulo, kunye nokumela umnyuli. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba xa abemi benamathuba amaninzi okuvota, ukuthatha inxaxheba kunyuka, ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela athe achazwa ngokwembali.

Ukufikelela nokwanda

Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo yokuvota kwangethuba kukuncitshiswa kwemiqobo yesakhiwo. Umzekelo, abantu abanocwangciso olungqongqo lomsebenzi, impilo, iimbopheleleko zokukhulisa abantwana, okanye imiqathango yokuhamba abenzi bamazwe abanokufikelela kwiindawo zokuvota ngexesha lefestile emxinwa yoSuku lokhetho. Ngokunikela iintsuku ezininzi kunye namanye amaxesha andandliweyo, ukuvota kwangethuba kunika indlela yokwenene kwibhokisi yebhola yovote. Umzekelo, ixesha lokuqala lokuvota leFlorida liphakathi kweentsuku ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine, kuquka iMigqibelo neCawa, ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufikelela kwabasebenzi kunye nabo baxhomekeke ekuthuthweni kwabantu abambalwa. Uvavanyo olusetyenziswa nguMelika yeProgrike [[FLT][FLD:1] lufumanise oko kukuthi ngenkqubo ephambili yokuvota kujikelezwe kunyaka wokuqala, kubandakanya iiyure ezi-3-3-7% kwezi-intshi eziphantsi kunye nokufumaneka ngokungena ngokuncinane.

Isindululo soSuku loKhetho esincitshisiweyo kunye neeMpazamo

Xa izigidi zabavoti zidibana kwiindawo zokuvota ngexesha leyure enye ye-12-15 yefestile, imigca inganwebeka iiyure, oomatshini bokhetho bangaphuka, kwaye abasebenzi bovolo bangayekelela. Ukuvota kwangethuba kusasaza lomthwalo, kunciphisa amaxesha kwaye kucuthe iziganeko zokudidelwa komvoti okanye ukurhoxiswa. Imigca encinane inciphisa amathuba okuba abavoti bashiye phambi kokufaka ibhola, into eyaziwayo njenge “kushiya ilayini." Kwindawo yonyulo jikelele ye-Georgia 20202020, iindawo zangaphambili zokuvota ezidiswe phambi koSuku lokhetho, ezifak ’ isandla ekulisekeni komlinganiselo wexesha elingaphantsi kwe 15 kwemizuzu ephantsi kwe-Ropera-voteinss ngomhla wokuphela kweyure eziphawulweyo phakathi kolu hlobo lonyulo lwe-20181818.

Imfundo ye-oyileti kunye nokwenziwa kwesigqibo

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuvumela abemi ukuba bafumane amanyathelo okuphanda kunye nokugada ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwexesha losuku olunye. Abaqhubi abaphosa amabhola basoloko bechaza ukuba baziva bebophelelekile kakhulu ngemibandela, njengoko benokusebenzisa yingenelo kwiingxoxo zangaphambi kokhetho, izikhokelo zovoti, kunye nokukhangela intelekelelo. Eminye imiqathango ivumela ukuba “amaqela ovotayo aqale ngethuba lokuqala" kunye nezixhobo zemfundo ezingangeni ndawo. Ngoxa abagxeki bephikisa ukuba ukuvota kurhoxisa kwangethuba lokuphuma phambili kweendaba, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba inkoliso yabavoti abavoti basandula ukuvota kwiinyanga zomsebenzi wokwenza uphando. Ubhexeko lwesantya somntu ngamnye oknalo lwemfundo yemfundo okanye izinto ezingalunganga, lunganciphisa impembelelo yempumelelo yokhetho olungalunganga.

Iingxaki Neengxaki Ezinokuvela

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo zalo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kumele kuqwalaselwe ngenyameko.

Ubuchule kunye nezixaso zezibonelelo

Ukusebenzisa intlawulo yangaphambili kudinga ukucwangciswa kwangaphambili. Abasebenzi bokhetho kufuneka bakhusele amanxuwa amaninzi okuvota, bafumane oomatshini bokuvota kunye nee-papager, kwaye balawule iiyure ezisetyenziswayo ezithe kratya ngokunjalo ngexabiso elithe lanexabiso elinguqingqo-mali. Iindawo ezincinci, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, zisenokungabikho izibonelelo okanye abasebenzi bokunikela uvota ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungadala imimandla ekwingingqi apho abavoti-dolophu banokufikelela kakhulu khona kusemsinyane lomgama omde woshicilelo olukhawulezileyo xa abavoti bejongene nesikhulu esikufuphi. Emadolophini amaqela aqalayo anokungawahlula kakhulu, apho amakhaya aqala ahlala khona, ashiye khona abahlali benokukhetha abambalwa. [[FLD] IKomishini yokhetho [FFF:1] ichaza ukuba ulawulo olulinganiselweyo, ngokokusetyenziswa kwasekuqaleni, ayakwazi ukurhoxaba amaqela aqala ukuvota, athe athe athe amaqela, athe athe athe athe athe athe athe

Unqabiseko Nengqibelelo

Iibhola eziphoswa kwangethuba mazigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo iintsuku okanye iiveki phambi kokuba kugcinwe unyuso. Eli xesha lokugcina umntwana livelisa amathuba okungaphathwa kakuhle, ubusela, okanye ukuphanga, ingakumbi ukuba itsheyina elibukhali alinyanzelekanga. Nangona iimeko zokuqhatha zinqabile kakhulu, ukuqiqa kusenokuphazamisa ukuqiniseka kwabantu ngeziphumo zonyulo. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa imithetho engqongqo, njengamathuba aphindwe kabini, afake ii-astylensis, kunye nokubethwa kwevidiyo, ukuvala ezi ngozi. Noko ke, umthwalo wokhuseleko uphezulu kakhulu ekuvotelweni kwasekuqaleni kosuku olunye, apho iibhola zibalwa ngobo busuku obunye. Ngaphezu koko, ukuvota kungenza ukuba kucelele amandla okulungiselela ibhola ebhayithayo kamva abasele i-vvolute bafunde i-ods trackets shortsssssss short.

Udideko Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo

Iinguqu kwiinkqubo zokuvota zidla ngokudala isiphithiphithi. Abavoti bangafika kwindawo zokuvota kwangoko kodwa bazifumane zivalekile okanye kwindawo engalunganga. Imithetho eyahlukeneyo yeposi ngokumelene novoti iqala ukuvota ingadala imiyalezo ephikisanayo. Ngexesha lomjikelo wama-202020, iinkcazelo ezingexesha lokuvota kwangoko, iibhokisi zokuvota, kwaye ukhuseleko lwalugqugqisile kwizixhobo zokuvota, ikhokelela abathile ukuba bangayithembi inkqubo okanye baphoswe lixesha elimisiweyo. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka anikele kakhulu kumaphulo emfundo kawonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba uvota apho, nini, kwangangoko, nendlela yokuvota kwangoko, uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba inani elininzi labavoti abatsha aliboni baqalangalwazi ukhetho lokuvota, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabaselula nakuqala.

ISebe lifumana inkxaso-mali

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kusenokusebenzisana namaqhinga ephulo achaphazela iziphumo. Amajelo kunye namaqela adla ngokusetyenziswa ngabavoti abasele bephosa amavoti, kubavumela ukuba batshintshe izinto ukuze banyanzelise abavoti abahlala bengakhange bafumaneke okanye bakhuphe abaxhasi abasezantsi. Oku kungakhokelela ekujoliseni intetho enokuthi iphembele isantya sokukhetha kwamva. Kumaqela asondeleyo, umntu okhethayo onokuthi aphawule ukuvota kwangethuba elide abonakale enamandla, ekwazi ukutshintsha ukungxolisa ijelo lonogada neminikelo ekhutshwayo. Ngoxa oku kungenangxaki, kuphakamisa imibuzo enokuba ukuvota kunika uncedo oluphezulu ngemiqatha ngenkqubo ephambili ye-data kunye nemibutho. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lucebisa ukuba ukuvota oku kusenokuguquka kuqhutyeke phakathi kwabagxosho oluthe ngenye oluthenwayo ngemizwayo ukuba luthe lwamaqela.

Impembelelo Kumatshini Wokuvelisa Igesi: Ubungqina Obuvela Kuwo

Unxulumano phakathi kokuvota nokuvota kwasekuqaleni lunzima. Ngoxa abaninzi bema ngelithi ukuvota okunentsingiselo kunegalelo elifanelekileyo, abanye ababhexeshi babonisa ukuba iziphumo zinokuba zincinane kuvoti, kuxhomekeke ekuzalisekiseni iinkcukacha.

Ulwando lokhukuliso

Uphando lwemeko-ntle lufumanise ukuba uvotelo lwangaphambili lunxulunyaniswa nonyuko olukwindawo ephakathi, neziphumo ezikhulu phakathi kwabavoti abangaqhekanga. Uhlolisiso oluphawula into ethile lukaGronke, uGalanes-Rosenbaum, kunye noMiller (2007) lufumanise ukuba ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kwanyuswa ngonyulo ngo-3-4.4% kunyuso lomongameli kunye no-2-3% kumaxesha aphakathi. Uhlaziyo oluninzi lwezingcinganiso olutsha olukhutshwayo lwemibhiyo lwe-20202020 luqinisekisa ukuba ukunikezelwa kwexabiso lonyuso kudala lokuvota kwabonwa kunyuke amanani 4/6% kunalawo anemithetho ethintelwayo, ukulawula imibalwa kunye ne-RGenegalelo. Noko ke, isiphumo asikho kwindalo ebanzi (ziiveki ezimbini) eziphinde zarhoxinwayo, njengoko kusilela ukurhoxina ukurhoxa okanye ukurhoxa okucwangciswa.

Ukungalingani Kwalo Mphumo Kwimiboniso

Uvota lwangaphambili lubonakala kumaqela angenelwayo ngokungenakulinganiswa ajongene nemiqobo ephezulu. Kuvoti abamnyama nababhinqileyo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kunciphisa umthwalo wokuhamba, ukuthatha ixesha lokusebenza, kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba ezintsonkothileyo zokubhalisa. Kunyulo lwama-202020 lwaseFlorida, abadabi abavoti basebenzisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kwinani eli-12% kune-Whitevvota, benciphisa umsantsa wobuhlanga ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokukwanjalo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kukhutshwa phakathi kwabavoti abangaphantsi kwama-30, abasenokuba banokufumana amaxesha angaqhelekanga. Noko ke, abadala (65+) abakhetha ukuvota ngokuvota ngeposi kumazwe amaninzi, bebonisa ukuba akukho lungiselelo elinye loncedo olusebenzayo kumntu wonke.

Ukunxibelelana Nezinye Iinguquko

Uvoto lwangaphambili ludla ngokuphunyezwa kwicala lobhaliso olufanayo, ukhetho lwevoti ngeposi, kunye neeyure zovolo ezandisiweyo. Olu tshintsho ludibeneyo lungadala unyuselo olunyusiweyo. Umzekelo, njengoColorado no-Oregon, oludibanisa ivoti-iposi jikelele kunye nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ngokuqhubekayo indawo phakathi koyena uphakamileyo kwilizwe. Iziphumo zentsebenziswano zibonisa ukuba ukuvota kuluncedo kakhulu xa kugxininiswa kwimo yokhetho olubanzi.

Uphando Lomzekelo Ngenkcukacha

Unyulo loMongameli waseUnited States 2016: Amava aseFlorida naseArizona

Ixesha lokuqala lokuvota eFlorida ngo-2016 lathatha iintsuku ezisibhozo, kwaye malunga nezigidi ezi-5.6 ze-Floridia zavota kwasekuqaleni . Phantse i-40% yabo bonke abavoti. Isiphumo seli lizwe sagqitywa ngu-1.2.2% kuphela kwevoti, ukwenza imizekelo yokuvota yangaphambili igqibelele. Analys ubonisa ukuba amavoti angaphambili eFlorida ancitshiswe yiDemocratic, kodwa impumelelo yoSuku lokhetho ngokwalo ngokwalo. Le mbono ibonisa indlela ekwakuvota kwasekuqaleni okuqhutywa ngayo ngeliphulo. Kwi-Arizona, ekuqaleni, ukuvota (ezininzi ngeposi) kwaqala kwiintsuku ezingama-7 ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho, kunye nezi-75 ze-Rovetavitersss ngaphambi koNovemba 8. Elo lizwe lidemocracratic 2016, kunye ne-offratic 2016.

2018 Unyulo oluphakathi:

Iminyaka yonyaka ka-2018 yabona ukwanda okungokoyimbali kwigalelo lolutsha, ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni okudlala indima enkulu. Ama-odokisi anjenge-Georgia neTexas anikela ingxelo yokuba ukuvota kwasekuqaleni phakathi ko18-29-nyaka-okanye ngonyaka kuphinda-phindeke kabini kuthelekiswa no-2014. ETexas, iHarris County iyodwa yalawula iinvote eziyi-100 000 zangaphambili ezivela kulutsha oluvoti, ezininzi zazo ezavota kunyulo lwazo lokuqala. Oku kwafak'uphumelelo lwedemocratic kwiNd House of Direcracys, ichaza indlela ukuvota ephambili enokuthi ibangele ngayo impembelelo yemigudu yokuvusel ’ ihlolo. Noko ke, kwakhokelela kwimigca emide kwiminye yemiqatha, ibala elikhuthaza imfuneko yokuqala yengeniso yokuqala yokuqala yovotivelo lwasekuqaleni.

Ezweni Lonke: EKhanada naseOstreliya

Ixesha lokuvota leKhanada eliphambili lixhaphakile ngokuzingisileyo: kunyulo lwama-2021 lwama-2021, ngaphezu kwe-5,8 lezigidi zama-Ostreliya ovota kunyulo lwangaphambili, ukusuka kwi-18% ukususela ku-2019. Le nkqubo ijongwa ngokubanzi njengefanelekileyo nekhuselekileyo, inenkxaso ekwayi-biiparatistan. Unyuselo lwangaphambili lokuvota ukususela ngo-2010 luye lwabangela ukuba ukhuthulo lwezeko loMhlawuthi woMhlawumbi lwe-Occolo. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba ukuvota kuvele kuvele kusenziwa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa kukwakho nokutshintsha okuqhelekileyo komkhethe (oMgqibelo). Kulo wama-2025, 58% wayo yonke imivoti yevoti ye-ontali yaphotho, nto leyo ibangela ukuba ukhunjulwe ukhuthulo lomthetho woNklo loLocalu lawulo loMhlalo loMhlaniso woMhlalo-mthetho woMhlahlolo-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho kurholo-wonke-wonke-wonke

Imigaqo Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Njengoko ukuvota kusiba yinto entsha eqhelekileyo, abenzi benkqubo bajamelana nezigqibo malunga nexesha, indawo ebekwe kuyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuhlonyelwa nezinye iindlela zokuvota eziluncedo. Utyekelo lokwenza ukuvota kuvele kwangethuba kusenokuqhubeka, kodwa kukwanjalo nemfuneko yokuvelela ngamandla kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke. Izinto ezintsha zobugcisa, ezifana nokubuyela kokhuseleko kwi-intanethi komkhosi nakumazwe aphesheya, zingaqhubeka zingena ngokubhekele phaya, nangona i-intanethi ye-intanethi iqhubeka inkxalabo.

Unyuso lokhuseleko

Inkqubo yokuvota kwangexesha elizayo iyakuquka iindlela zobungqina ezomeleleyo, ezifana neendlela zokuvala okanye iinkqubo zophicotho-zincwadi ezininzi, ukugcina ingqibelelo. Imilinganiselo yokhuseleko logcino lwebholathi kufuneka iphuculwe ukuze ihambelane nexesha elide lokugcina umntwana. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka baxhase abasebenzi abanikezelweyo bokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo kumaziko okuvota angaphambili.

Imephu

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvota kwasekuqaleni akulingani nokungalingani okukhoyo, imigaqo-siseko kufuneka yamkele imigaqo-nkqubo eqinisekisa ukuba inani elincinane leendawo zokuvota zangaphambili kumntu ngamnye, nemimandla yasemaphandleni ekhutshelwa ngokwaneleyo. Kufuneka kuhlaliswe iprojekthi yokuqala yeveki. Ezinye izicelo zifuna ukuba kuvotelwe ngokufanayo kwangethuba elincinane kwiiveki ezimbini.

Ukungangeni kwiNkcubeko yezemfundo

Amaphulo okulumkisa uluntu, esebenzisa amajelo okubala amanani nawamajelo eendaba, abalulekile ekulweni nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo, nasekwaziseni abavoti malunga nexesha elimisiweyo kunye nendlela yokukhetha. Iingingqi zomanyano kunye nemibutho yoluntu zingafikelela ngokunempumelelo. Ukuvota kwangoko kusebenza kakuhle xa abemi besazi ukuba banokuyisebenzisa njani.

Isiphelo

Uvota lwangaphambili ngokuqinisekisiweyo luye lwayiguqula indlela yokukhetha, kuzisa inxaxheba ephambili kunye nocelomngeni olutsha. Ubuchule balo bokwandisa, ingakumbi phakathi kwamaqela akwimbali athe tyekele phantsi, bumela inkqubela ebonakalayo ekudibaniseni ngedemokhrasi. Noko ke, ubungozi boxinzelelo lwezikhundla, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobuchule bufuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo. Njengoko amagunya amaninzi emkela ukuvota kwangoko, ubungqina buxhasa ngamandla ulwando lwawo oluqhubekayo, ukuba kubekwe indawo yayo epheleleyo kunye nezokhuselo. Usukelo olupheleleyo luhlala luyinkqubo apho uvoti apho wonke umntu ofanelekileyo angayiphosa i-bolota ekhuselekileyo, elungele, elungele, kwaye engongongongongolinganiyo. Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, xa kusenziwa ngobuchule, kusiqhubela ngokusondele koko kufanelekileyo.