IBhunga laseUnited States linesikhundla esinamandla akhethekileyo kurhulumente wesizwe, lisebenza kungekuphela nje njengequmrhu eliyintloko lemithetho yesizwe kodwa njengelungiselelo eliyintloko elibekwe iliso kwisebe elilawulayo kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba lisebenza phakathi kwemida yomthetho kunye nokuthemba uluntu. Lo msebenzi wobuveleli, uhlolo kunye nolawulo lweziko lorhulumente, iinkqubo, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, zibalulekile ekulondolozweni kolwahlulo lwamagunya nempilo entle yexesha elide yedemokhrasi yaseMelika. Kwixesha elinamandla amakhulu, ukuntabalala kwegunya legunya elilawulayo, ukuntsonkothile, ukuntsonkotha, nokuqondwa okunzulu kwezobupolitika, ubuchule, ukuphumelela, kunye nocelomngeni zolawulo lombutho-ngqungquthelano, zibaluleke kakhulu kunanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini nanini.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko solawulo lweBhunga

Ulawulo lweKhomishini aluchazwanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko kwicandelo elinye. Endaweni yoko, ifumaneka kudityaniso lwemimiselo yomgaqo-siseko, uqheliselo lwembali, kunye nokutolikwa kwemithetho. Umgaqo wesiseko uxhomekeke kukwahlulwa kwamagunya: ngelixa iGatya II lifakthisa amandla alawulayo kuMongameli, iQumrhu Inika amandla okwenza yonke imithetho efunekayo ukuze iphumeze iimbopheleleko zalo ezibaliweyo. Ukuqhuba ngokunempumelelo, iBhunga kufuneka liqonde indlela imithetho yalo ephunyezwa ngayo, kwaye nokuba isetyenziswa njani na konke.

Igunya lokuphanda nokuvelela lisekelwe kwimithombo emininzi yezomgaqo-siseko. Icandelo 1 liziface zonke ii-odoli kwiBhunga, kunye neNkundla ePhakamileyo isoloko iqonda ukuba ikhompathiswa efunekayo kumandla owiso-mthetho ligunya lokuqhuba uphando nokunyanzela ubungqina. Kwimeko yonyaka ka-150 [[FL:0]] Mcrain v. Icandelo le-Daughty, iNkukholelwa okokuba amandla okubuza ngako-------------------kambini ligunya lokuyinyanzela nokuncedisa okuyimfuneko kwimisebenzi yomthetho. Ngaphandle kolo gunya-199, i-Appriescries (I-Actlection, iCandelo loLawulo lwe-mali, elinamandla lokusebenzisa i-ActiveRpolation.

Inkxaso eyongezelelekileyo ivela kwi-Iact neThent Classiale (ICandelo 8, Claus 18), egunyazisa iKhombutho ukuba “yenze yonke iMithetho ezakuyimfuneko nefanelekileyo” yokuphumeza amagunya ayo kunye neyorhulumente wezwe. Idityaniswe negunya phantsi kweSiphathi-mandla sika-Claus, amandla eBhunga-macante agunyaziswe kwizivumelwano kunye nokumiswa, kwaye imfuneko yokungena nzulu kweLizwe leSizwe leSizwe le-Uni, isakhiwo somgaqo-siseko sidala isiseko esinamandla solawulo. Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, iBhunga lomthetho lisakhe isakhiwo esineentloko esikhoyo, ukuquka iikomiti ezizimeleyo, kunye neenkonzo ezincinci ze-Acccricate, kunye nezixhasa eli gunya. Ukutshona okunzulu kwisiseko sobugqeqeqesho, iBhunga-Brensi yeNkonzo ye-Angracrenti ye-Anglance

Izixhobo zolawulo lweBhunga

IBhunga liphuhlise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqokelela inkcazelo, uvavanyo lomsebenzi wesebe elilawulayo, kunye nokukhanyisa kwimisebenzi karhulumente. Ezona zixhobo zibonakalayo ziikomiti zokuchongwa nokuphengululwa okusesikweni, kodwa oomatshini abajongele abaqukeli baquka iindlela ezincinci zikawonke-wonke kodwa ezibaluleke ngokufanayo njengenkqubo yokucaphula, ukuqinisekisa ukuva, kunye neengxelo ezivela kumasebe azimeleyo ajongene noorhulumente.

Ukuva Nophando

Iikomiti zeKhomishoni ziququzelela amangqina ukubuza amangqina .Nkqubelo oonobhala beKhabhinethi, iintloko zamasebe, amagosa emisebenzi, kunye nabemi abangabodwa. (imibandela exhalabisayo) Ukuva kusenokuba ziingxelo zolwazi, zenzelwe ukwazisa umthetho wexesha elizayo, okanye zinokuba zezokunikela ingcebiso, ezijoliswe kumagosa abeke ityala lokuziphatha okubi. Xa ii-Ambekisensia zibandakanya ukukhupha ii-paceaseas ezibhaliweyo kunye nobungqina, ukuqhuba iingxelo ezigciniwe, nokulungisa iingxelo zokugqibela ngeziphumo kunye nezincomo. Ngaphandle kwazo, iiKhomishini ziya kuxhomekeka ukuthobela ngokuzithandela, okunokungamela okunokuvunywa kwesebe eliphetheyo. Xa ii-Propo zigxekwa, iingqungqu zinokufuna ukugcinwa komthetho okanye amandla anzulu kubantu abathotyiweyo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.

Amandla Okuthenga

Ulawulo lweKhomishini yokulawula imali karhulumente yenye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo zolawulo. Nyaka ngamnye, iNdlu kunye neNdlu yeeKomiti zoLawulo loMbutho exhasa iindleko zengqesho exhasa umbutho ngamnye kunye nenkqubo. Ngolungiselelo lokunika ingxubusho, iBhunga linokuxhasa ngemali kwiinguqu ezithile, iibhanki zemisebenzi engafanelekanga, okanye ngokulula ukuphelisa ezona zinto ziphambili. I-ofisi ye-Akhawunti yeRhulumente (GAO), ingalo yeNgqungquthela yeBhunga, inika iingxelo kunye nohlolo lwendlela ayisebenzisa ngayo irhafuthelo, ukuvumbulula inkunkuma, ukuqhatha, ukuqhatha, nokunganyaniseka. Iingxelo zeGO zihlonelwa kakhulu kwaye zikhokelele kwienguqulo zomthetho.

Isiqinisekiso Nezigqibo Zokuphinda Uzenze

Ukuqinisekiswa kweNdlu yeeNtsimi zomongameli − kuquka amalungu eKhabhinethi, abagwebi, neentloko ezizimeleyo zesebe, `````iquare'''''. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ulawulo olunamandla. Ngoxa kuthethwa iindlebe, abaquququzeleli bahlola izenzo zexesha elidlulileyo, iimbono zemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ngokufanayo, iNdlu yamasebe aphezulu kufuneka iqinisekise amagosa amaninzi aphezulu, iwenza indima engqalileyo ekuyekeni ukhokelo lwamasebe ajongele ndawo. Ugunya lokuzimela abameli abazimeleyo kunye nobuchule bokungayamkeli-okanye banokuphembelela imigaqo-nkqubo ephambili ephambili egunyaza kuchaphazela isimilo emva kwexesha elide emva kokuba isiqinisekiso.

Ukuxhasa imicimbi neengxelo

IKhomishini ixhomekeke nakumaqumrhu akhethekileyo okuqhuba uphando oluqhubekayo. I-ofisi kaRhulumente (GAO) ivelisa amawaka eengxelo rhoqo ngonyaka ngemibandela esukela ekuzikhuseleni ukuya kwinkqubo yonyango lonyango. IKhomishini yeKhonglare inikela ii-ofisi zemali ezizimeleyo kunye neenkcazo zoHlahlo lweNkxaso-mali, ngoxa iKhomishini yoPhicotho-zincwadi (CRS) inika iingxelo eziyimfihlo, ezingathathi zicalucalucalulo-tyala kuwo onke amalungu. Abahloli-mthetho baqinisekisa ukubonakala okuqhubekayo.

Uhlalutyo olunenkcukacha lweNkonzo yophando loMbutho lunika uluvo olungakumbi, lubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa ukuva, uphando, ukuququzelela, isiqinisekiso, kunye namasebe axhasayo kudala "isikhuseli sokuphendula" esichaphazela imbombo nganye yesebe eliphetheyo.

Ukubaluleka Okufanelekileyo Kolawulo

Ulawulo oluphumelelayo lufeza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo engaphaya kokuthatha ububi. Luqinisa ukuphendula kwedemokhrasi, luphucula ukubonakala kweziphumo zenkqubo, kwaye ekugqibeleni luqinisa ukuthemba urhulumente.

Ukuziphendulela Nomthetho

Kumthombo wawo, ulawulo lunika amagosa karhulumente amatyala ngezenzo zawo. Xa abameli begqitha igunya labo elingokwasemthethweni, bengayisebenzisi kakuhle imali, okanye bephula umthetho, iBhunga linamandla kunye nomsebenzi wokungenelela. Uphando oluphezulu luye lwakhokelela ekunikezeleni, ekuguqukeni kwemigaqo, kwanakwiinkqubo zokungagunyaziswa. Kodwa ngokufuthi, ukuphendula kusebenza ngokuzolileyo: ukuvalwa okanye ukuphicotha kusenokukuthintela ukuziphatha okubi nokuthobela ngenyameko.

Ingxoxo kawonke-wonke ecacileyo neqanjweyo

Ukulawula kuzisa imisebenzi karhulumente ekuhleni. Iindlebe zeKomiti zidla ngokuchotshelwa, iingxelo zikhutshelwa uwonke-wonke, kwaye ubungqina obuqokelelwe ngexesha lophando bungangena kwingxelo yembali. Oku kubonakalisa oku kuyabavumela abemi, intatheli, namaqela olawulo oluphezulu ukubona oko kwenziwa ngurhulumente wabo. Uluntu oluphangaleleyo luyakwazi ukuthwala zombini iiKhomishini kunye noMongameli abanoxanduva ngexesha lonyulo. Ngaphandle kokubalaselelwa koocotho, izenzo ezininzi zikarhulumente zinokuhlala zifihlakele emva kwelungelo lokhuseleko lohlanga okanye elolawulo-ofisi lwedemokhrasi, ukuthomalalisa ukhuseleko lwedemokhrasi.

Ukuphucula Inkqubo kunye nokuphumeza

Ukulawula akuthethi nje ukubonelela; kukwayakha. Ngokuhlalutya iinkqubo kwaye zingaphumeleli, iBhunga lingalungisa umthetho, liphinde lilungise izigunyaziso eziphelelwe lixesha, lize liziyisele izibonelelo ezisebenzayo kwizisombululo. IGO neCBO zizaliswe ziingcebiso zokuphucula imisebenzi nokugcina imali. Umzekelo, ukuvelela kweSebe leVeterans Affairs Affairs kuvuko lwexesha lokulinda imposiso ekhokelela kuMthetho weNkonzo ekwandiswayo, owandisa ukhetho lweemeko ezifuna ukunyanyelwa. Ngokufanayo, ukuva nge-Social Security Adbustrations kukhuthaza ukuxhaswa nokusetyenziswa kwemali. Ngale ndlela, ukujonga ukunikezelwa kwengxelo, ukulolwa komsebenzi karhulumente okuqhubekayo.

Ukuthintela Ukuxhatshazwa Nokunganyaniseki

Inkqubo yolawulo eyomeleleyo isebenza njengesixhobo sokuthintela. Ukwazi ukuba iNgqungquthela ingaphanda ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemithetho, ukunyanzelisa amaxwebhu, nokunyanzela ubungqina kudimanisa amagosa ekuchaneni kwemilinganiselo esesikweni okanye kwimigca esemthethweni. Ukukwazi ukubhenca uluntu kwandisa iindleko zezobupolitika zokungalawuleki. Lo msebenzi wokuthintela ubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha lolawulo oluphezulu apho izigqibo eziphezulu zingachaphazela izigidi ngaphandle kokuhlolisisa uwonke. Ukuhlasela ngokuchasene nombono weqela, i-bitacity inentia, kunye nokwenza okubi ngamaqhinga, enoba kuqhutywa yingqiqo, inzuzo, okanye ukuthembeka kwequmrhu.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Ngumqathango Kwebutho

Phezu kwako nje ukubekwa kwayo ngomGaqo-siseko kunye nezixhobo zolawulo, ukuvelela kwequmrhu kujongene nemiqobo engapheliyo enokuthi inciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Ukubekwa kweliso, izithintelo zezibonelelo, ukuxhathisa kwempatho-mbiso, kunye nenkcazelo zonke ezi zinto zibangela imiqobo enzulu. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile ekuhloleni imo yolawulo iyonke.

Iintsebenziswano zelifa lemveli kunye neNkqutyana yeQumrhu

Mhlawumbi eyona nto ibalulekileyo lucelomngeni olukhulayo kulwahlulo localulo localulo. Ukulawula kudla ngokufuna intsebenziswano ye-bipartisan − kodwa kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ulawulo luye lwaya lusiba lukhulu. Iikomiti zeqela zidla ngokuqalisa uphando olujolise ekutshabalaliseni ulawulo lweqela elincinane lomongameli, ngelinye ixesha amalungu ambalwa asebenzisa ukujonga iingongoma zezobupolitika. Isiphumo sinokuba yinkcubeko yolawulo “kwezikhundla” ezijolise kwimposiso zezobupolitika kunokuba iphendulise ityala lokwenyaniso. Ngaphezu koko, xa iqela elifanayo lilawula zombini iiBhunga kunye neNdlundlundlo, abaninzi basenokungafuni ukuphatha kakuhle umongameli walo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulawulweni kwetyala.

Le misebenzi inamandla ayiyontsha, kodwa iye yanda. Inkonzo yophando lweKhongresyal ibhale ukuncipha kwesivumelwano se-bipartis kwimicimbi yophando. Ngaphandle kokuzibophelela kunye ekujongeni ulawulo lwamaqumrhu, iBhunga linokuba buthathaka, lingakufuni ukucela inkcazelo okanye ukucel ’ umngeni izenzo zegunya, de kunyuswe ezo zenzo ezinzulu ezingokwasemthethweni okanye ezingokokuziphatha.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Ucelomngeni lwesibini olungundoqo kukungalingani kweembopheleleko zobuveleli zoMbutho kunye noovimba abanikwa yiyo. Ubukhulu babaphathi beekomiti buye bancipha ngokunxulumene nokukhula kwesebe eliphetheyo, kwaye inani labaveleli liye lehla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Isebe eliphetheyo lisebenzisa izigidi zabantu kwaye lilawula izigidi zezigidi zeerandi ezisebenzisa ii-dolars; abaphengululi abambalwa beekomiti abanakukwazi ukulingana nalo mgamo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo kwabasebenzi besebe eliphetheyo kubangela ukuba likwazi ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathangoomkhondo wemisebenzi. IGO ngokwayo, ngoxa isebenza kakuhle, ibone uqingqo lwemali lukhula ngokunexabiso xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi enikwa iBhunga.

Abaninzi ababengabenzi bomthetho nabasebenzi baye bacela ukuba baxhaswe ngemali ukuze bajonge, baquka abaphengululi, amacebiso angomthetho, kunye nolwazi olungakumbi olungeyomfuneko. Ngaphandle kwezi zixhobo, ubuveleli bunokuba yingozi kwaye bungabi namsebenzi endaweni yokusebenza ngokucwangcisiweyo nangobunzulu.

Ukuchasa nokufihla imfihlelo

Isebe eliphetheyo liye lavelisa iindlela ezininzi zokuxhathisa ulawulo lombutho. Amagosa olawulo asenokungawavumeli amagunya aphantsi, angazi ukuba anelungelo eliphezulu kumaxwebhu nakubungqina, okanye ukulibaziseka kokuphendula kangangeminyaka. Ngoxa iinkundla ziye zawaxhasa ngokuqhelekileyo amagunya ophando eBhunga, inkqubo yokugweba ayicotha, kwaye umlawuli onegunya onamandla angakuthintela ngokuphumelelayo ukuphatha ulawulo lwesebe. Umzekelo, ulawulo lweTrump oludumileyo aluvumi ukusebenzisana nophando oluninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idele ukuchasa nokupheliswa kwemithetho-mthetho. Ngokufanayo, ulawulo lweBiden luye lwajongana kwizityholo zokugutyungelwa komda nemeko. Xa isebe liqhuba njengesongelo kunokuba libeke isongelo kumsebenzi womthetho-mthetho-gromastertyhel, ulawulo lweBress Congress Cong, ukuphentiernel

Ukongezelela, ulwazi olucwangcisiweyo lunika umqobo oziphindaphindayo. Inkoliso yeyona nkqubo ichukumisekayo ``imikhosi', imisebenzi yobulumko, iingxoxo zezobuzwe' zikhuselwe ekufumaneni uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ngoxa iNgqungquthela iyakwazi ukwahlula-hlula imiba nezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, amanye amalungu akhalaza ukuba anikwa kuphela “iindawo zokuthetha” ngaphandle kokufumana amaxwebhu angaphantsi, okanye ukudiliselwa okufutshane. Umlinganiselo phakathi kokufihla imfihlo nokwenza ityala uhlala usisidingo.

I-Asymmetring yolwazi kunye nophuhliso lwe-Agency

Amasebe alawulayo anolwazi olukhulu lwezibonelelo, ubuchule, kunye nobuchule bokunikela ugcino-lwazi oluntsonkothileyo ngeendlela ezixhasa iziphumo ezithandwayo. IKhomishini isenokuswela ubunzulu bobugcisa kwingxelo epheleleyo yesebe lokhuselo. Umzekelo, xa kuvavanywa iinkqubo zeSebe lokhuselo, amalungu eBhunga ngokufuthi kufuneka axhomekeke kulwazi oluphikisanayo olusuka kwiPentagon kunye neingcali zangaphandle. Ii-Proquations zingakwanokufumana “ukuhamba kancinci” ukuphendula kwizicelo zolwazi, ukugquma iKhonkla kugcino-data engadibani nako, okanye ukunikela iingqinela ezithe ngokugqithiseleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu lwazi lwazi lungaluthi thsuthisa amandla oMbutho wokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wombutho ozimeleyo.

Ityala eliphawula umhlaba lokulawula kwengqungquthela

Imbali inika imizekelo enamandla yendlela ulawulo lwengqungquthela olunokubuyisela ngayo urhulumente otshayelela nokubuyisela uthemba lukawonke-wonke. Ezimbini kwiziganeko ze-"iNcoko ye-Watergate" kunye neNjongo ye-Iran---------------edemon ibonakalisa amandla kunye nothintelo lwamandla ophando.

Isikwenkwe Samanzi

Ngo-1971, ukuphulwa kwekomiti yesizwe yeDemocratic Committee kwisakhiwo se-Watergate kwadala icandelo leziganeko ezaphumela ekuphumeni kukaMongameli Richard Nixon. Okubalulekileyo koko kwaba yiNtlanganiso Yokukhetha iKomiti Yommishoni wePhondo, eyaziwa njengeKomiti yeWatergate, kunye nokuchophela kwayo okubalaseleyo okubekwe nguSenator Ervin. Ikomiti ejongene nemicimbi yezoburhulumente yazisa ulawulo oluphezulu kuhlanga, inika ubungqina obucacileyo bobupolitiki, imali e-launiting, kunye nento ecwangcisiweyo elungiselelwe i-ounice i-ovation kwi-ofisi ye-Ovalk. Ngophandolo olunzulu nangenkalipho yamangqina anjengesiluleko sendlu yabamhlophe uJohn Dean, ikomiti etyhila ukuxhaphaza okukhokelela kwi-699, ii-mfakelo ezininzi, kunye ne-Nixon ngoAgence ngoAgence ngoAgent, kunye neSigwebo lwe-Rhulumente, i-A.

I - Iran-Contra Affir

Phakathi konyaka wama-1900, umsebenzi ofihlakeleyo phakathi kolawulo lukaReagan owawubandakanya ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo eIran/a urhulumente omiselweyo oxhasa ubugrogrisi qhaqhaqha-slesnas, kwaye ngokuphambukisa waqhubekeka ukuxhasa abavukeli baseContra eNicaragua ngokungqalileyo ekuvalweni kombutho oyaziwa njengeBoland Amement Amereka. Xa ijelo loMphengululo loMkhosi weSiphendulo lwango ngo1986, iKhomishini yeBhunga elidibaniswe neSigodlo yaqalisa uphando oludiyo oludityanisiweyo oluye lwavumbulula i-we kwizenzo ezigqubuswa yiBhunga loKhuselo lesizwe neCIA. Ukuva okunga, ukuva okuthe kratya okuthe ngqo, ukuva okuye kwathiwa komcineyo ngo-1992 kwabonisa indlela inkciso yemali yeBhunga loMbutho wolawulo lwesizwe ekwaneyo neyokuxhaswa ngayo yimithetho yesizwe yamazwe yamazwe yamazwe angaphandle.

Ulawulo lweNtlalo-ntle: IKhomishini 9/11

Kutshanje, iKhomishini yeSizwe eHlasele i-United States (iKhomishini yesi-9/11).

Iimbambano Zangoku Kulawulo Lombutho

Ulawulo lwale mihla lusebenza kwimo yezulu entsonkothileyo neyokwahlukana. Izimo eziliqela zibangela ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo namathuba kwiNkomfa njengoko ifuna ukuphumeza indima yayo engokomGaqo-siseko.

Ulawulo lobuxhakaxhaka kunye nogcino-lwazi

Indaleko ekhawulezileyo yezobugcisa .ukusuka kubuchule bokuzenzela ukusukela kwizixhobo zentlalo-ntle-ntle, kusingisele kwimida emitsha yokuvelela. Ngoku iKhomishini kufuneka ilwe nemibuzo malunga nokuzimela kogcino-lwazi, ukuphendula ngemithetho-siseko, ukuhlola, kunye nendima yeenkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa ekulungiseni intetho kawonke-wonke. Ubuninzi bogcino-lwazi olubanjwe ngurhulumente kunye namalungu odidi lomntu lungaphelisa iindlela zokuphanda. Kwangaxesha linye, ulwazi oluphambili lwezixhobo zogcino-data kunye nokudalwa kweqela lolawulo lwangaphakathi olufana nobugcisa bukaGO, iSciemonic, iS, iScience, kunye neQuadiatics. IBhunga loMbutho lisakhenke likhuthaza ubuchule obutsha.

Ulwazi olulungelelanisiweyo nokhuseleko lwesizwe

Kulo nyaka udlulileyo, umlinganiselo omkhulu wokhuseleko lwesizwe ucalulwe. Ngoxa iBhunga liye ladala iikomiti ezikhetha ubukrelekrele kuzo zombini iigumbi, ezi komiti zisebenza kakhulu ekusithekeni. Abameli ababonisayo baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo yokuhlela isetyenziswe kakhulu ukukhusela ukungakhathaleli kokhuseleko nokuziphendulela. Ukulungelelanisa phakathi kokhuseleko nokhuseleko kusesona sikhulu. Ukusetyenziswa komkhosi ngaphandle kogunyaziso lwequmrhu, ukubetha kwe-demone, kunye nemisebenzi ye-i-i-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-ibhusayithi kuhlala kukho iindawo apho uvelela rhoqo emva kweminyango evaliweyo, ibeka ingxuba impikiswano kawonke-wonke. Ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukuba ulawulo lwalo lumele lokhuseleko ngokunika abasebenzi abacacileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kolawulo lwe-Acconga-Acconga.

Ukukhula kweSitishi kunye nesithi “Ukusetyenziswa Kweziko”

Njengoko kuphawulwe ngaphambili, ukusetyenziswa kolawulo kuxhaphakile. Uphando oluye lwenziwa kwimfazwe ye-Benghazi, uhlaselo lweTrump-Ukraine, kunye nesiphithiphithi sikaJanuwari 6 kaCapitol konke kwachatshazelwa kakhulu. Isiphumo sinokuba kukuba uphatho luphulukane nokuthembeka kwalo kwaye lubonakale njengesixhobo sokulawula. Xa uluntu lubona uphando njengenye nje yendlela yemfazwe yezobupolitika, lungaphelisa ukuthemba kwinkqubo. Ukubuyiselwa kweqondo le-bipartiston projectism jm, ngokomzekelo, ngemigqabalwa okanye abasebenzi abambalwa be-bipartarian bathatha inxaxheba.

Ukufuduswa kukavimba kunye nobuchule beziko

Ulawulo lweBhunga luye lwasikelwa phantsi ngamashumi eminyaka. Indlu kunye neNdlu yeNdlu inenani eliphantse lifane nelokuba nabasebenzi bekomiti kwiminyaka yee-1970, njengokuba urhulumente wesizwe eye waphindaphindeka kangangephi ngokulinganayo nangobukhulu kunye nokuntsonkotha. Ubugcisa, uhlalutyo, kunye nabacebisi-lwazi bezinto ziyimfuneko kodwa zisoloko ziphantsi kwegunya. IiProtals zokwakha iOfini engekho kwicala lamalungu eBhunga, efana neCBO, iye yajinga kodwa ayimiswanga. Ukuqinisa i-GAO kunye ne-Inspectoriser zihlala zikho iindlela ezinokuphuculwa kolawulo ngaphandle komsebenzi omtsha.

Ikamva Lolawulo Lwengqungquthela

Xa ukhangela phambili, ukuphumelela kobuveleli kuya kuxhomekeka ekukulungeleni kweBhunga ukutshintsha, ukutyala nokumisela igunya lalo.

Eyokuqala, iBhunga kufuneka lomeleze amaqumrhu axhasayo afana neGAO, CBO, neCRS ngokwandisa uqingqo-mali lwawo nobungakanani bophicotho-zincwadi lwawo. Ezi ziqumrhu zinika uhlalutyo olungeyopartis olunokuba sisiseko esiqhelekileyo kuwo omabini amaqela, ukunciphisa ukhuthuzo lomoya.

Okwesibini, iikomiti kufuneka zilungise iinkqubo zazo ukuze zisebenzise inkxaso-lwazi kunye neerekhodi zamanani. Ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya ugcino-lwazi lweziko lomsebenzi lungavumela uphando oluqhubekayo kuphando oluqhubekayo lwengxaki.

Okwesithathu, omabini amagumbi kufuneka acinge ngokuqinisa inkqubo yokunyanzelisa abanyanzeli. Okwangoku, iKhomishini kufuneka ixhomekeke kwiinkundla okanye kumandla ayo okudelela, anokuba ngacothayo okanye angasebenzi. Inkqubo elandelelanayo yokunyanzelisa oopopona, mhlawumbi ngeofisi enikezelwayo, iya kunciphisa amathuba okuthintela abalawuli.

Ekugqibeleni, abamisi-mthetho kufuneka baphinde bavume ukuba uphatho luyimbopheleleko yokuphatha. Abantu ngabanye neekomiti zamaqela omabini kufuneka bajonge uvelela njengomsebenzi obotshelelwe kwiso siko kunye noluntu oluphela. /hhayi kuphela kwintsebenziswano zezopolitiko. Ukuthumela uphando lwamaqabane, kufuna ukuba abasebenzi abambalwa bafumane ubungqina obulinganayo, kwaye bamkele imigaqo-siseko echaza iinjongo ezicacileyo zokuphanda inokubanceda bonke balungise ukuthembeka.

Abo banomdla kubume bangoku bobuveleli bobuqu, i-ofisi yoManga yoRhulumente [[FLT: 0] yee-Trends kwiCongregal Pressare inikela ushwankathelo olubanzi lwendlela neengxaki zakutshanje.

Isiphelo

Indima yeBhunga ekujongeni urhulumente asiyonto iphambili ``imeko ephambili'' karhulumente onoxanduva lokuphendula. Ngokuva, ngokuphanda, ngamandla emali, kunye nothungelwano lwamaziko enkxaso, iBhunga liqinisekisa ukuba isebe elilawulayo lisebenza ngaphakathi komthetho linceda umdla woluntu. Ngoxa iingxaki ezifana nokuphelelwa kolawulo, ukunqongophala kwezibonelelo, nokuchasa kwegunya kuyaqhubeka, ingxelo ibonisa ukuba ulawulo olunamandla lungatyhila ububi, ukuqhuba iinguqu, nokubuyisela ukuthembana kwabantu.

Kwixesha lotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lwezobugcisa, ukwanda kolawulo oluphezulu, nokungaqiniseki koluntu, imfuneko yokuqwalasela ubuqu bungaphaphangalalisi idemokhrasi isoloko ikho. Yimfuno egcina idemokhrasi ingekho kwisiphelo. Xa iBhunga lisebenzisa igunya lalo longamela ngengqibelelo nangokuzimisela, lizalisekisa injongo yalo ephakamileyo: ukukhusela abantu baseMelika ekusetyenzisweni kakubi igunya nokuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente wabo uhlala ekho, ngoko, nangabantu. Ukulondoloza loo mgaqo ungundoqo kuxhomekeke, ngeyona nxalenye encinane, ngamandla nasekulawuleni kwemibutho yezizukulwana ezizayo.