Ukuqonda Ukwakhiwa Kwenkqubo Yenkundla YaseUnited States

Inkqubo yokugweba yaseMerika isebenza kwimodeli yenkundla emibini, ithetha ukuba kukho iinkqubo zenkundla yorhulumente neyorhulumente ezihambelanayo. Nganye inegunya layo, iqumrhu, kunye neentlobo zamatyala eliyiphetheyo. Ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi inkundla enegunya lokuva ityala lakho kulinyathelo lokuqala nelibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni inkqubo. Ngaphaya kwamasebe orhulumente norhulumente, iinkundla ezikhethekileyo zikho ukuqhubana namabala athile asemthethweni, anjengemiba yeentsapho, imicimbi ephakathi, kunye nokungqubana kwemida yemijaqe.

Iinkundla Ezimanyeneyo: Xa Imithetho Yohlanga Imbambano

Iinkundla zoManyano ziva amatyala abandakanya imimiselo karhulumente, imibuzo engokomGaqo-siseko, izivumelwano, iimbambano phakathi kwamazwe, kunye namatyala apho iUnited States ililungu. Zikwasingatha imicimbi ethile phakathi kwabemi bamazwe awahlukeneyo (ooorhulumente) ukuba inani lempikiswano lingaphezulu kwee-$75,000. Inkqubo karhulumente ihlelwe kwimiqonga emithathu:

  • IINkundla zeSithili zase-U.S. - Ezi ziinkundla zamatyala apho kunikelwa khona ubungqina, amangqina, kunye nezigwebo ezinika izigwebo. Zingama-94 iinkundla zesithili kulo lonke ilizwe, nganye igquma ummandla othile.
  • U.S.IiNkundla zezibheno – zikwabizwa ngokuba ziinkundla zesiphaluka, ezi nkosazo ziphakathi zihlola izigqibo ezivela kwiinkundla zesithili. Kukho iziphaluka ezili-13, nganye igubungela iimeko ezininzi okanye amasimi.
  • U.S. iNkundla ePhakamileyo – inkundla ephakamileyo yelizwe. Iva izibongozo ezivela kwiinkundla zesiphaluka nakwiinkundla eziphakamileyo zikarhulumente xa kuqukwa umbuzo karhulumente. INkundla ikhetha kuphela intwana encinane yezicelo (ii-certtiorari) nyaka ngamnye.

Ukuba uqhubana nomthetho wesizwe, umngeni womgaqo-siseko, okanye impikiswano yentlabathi, mhlawumbi uza kuqala kwiNkundla yeSithili yase-U.S. imigaqo yemiqathango echazayo kunye neefomu zikhona kwiwebhsayithi esemthethweni U.S. iiNkundla.]

Iinkundla Zeli lizwe: Apho Kuhlala Inkxwaleko Engokwasemthethweni

Iinkundla zephondo ngamahashe asebenzayo enkqubo yokugweba. Asingatha uninzi lwamatyala: amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, ukumangalelwa kwamakhaya (iimpikiswano, ukwenzakala kobuqu), imicimbi yomthetho wentsapho (ityala, ukugcinwa kwabantwana), imicimbi yengingqi yendlu, nezinye ezingaphezulu. Urhulumente ngamnye unomgaqo-siseko wakhe kunye nesakhiwo senkundla, kodwa kukho imigaqo efanayo:

  • IiNkundla zeNkqutyana yeNyanga yeMigaqo-siseko yeNkqutyana yeNkqutyana yeNkqutyana yeNyanga-mali [FOLT:1] – Ezi ziinkundla eziphambili apho kugcinwa khona amatyala. Zisenokubizwa ngokuba ziinkundla eziphakamileyo, iinkundla zesiphaluka, okanye iinkundla zesithili kuxhomekeke kurhulumente. Zingabaphathi bemicimbi yoluntu neyezaphuli-mthetho.
  • IiNkundla ze-Intermetermeta Appellate [ – uninzi lwamazwe lunenkundla ephakathi (esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yiNkundla yezibheno) ehlola izigqibo zenkundla yokuvavanya. Amazwe amancinci angadlula kule nxamfa aze aye ngqo kwinkundla ephakamileyo yeli lizwe.
  • Inkundla ePhakamileyo yeState- – Inkundla yesigqibo sokugqibela kwimo yephondo. Isigqibo sayo kumthetho karhulumente sigqibele ngaphandle kokuba umbuzo karhulumente uvumela isibheno kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-U.S.

Imithetho yenkundla yeli lizwe iyahluka-hluka kakhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhangela i-website esemthethweni yesebe letyala lelizwe lakho. Umzekelo, ICalifornia Inkundla inikeza izibonelelo zoncedo lobuqu, iifomu, kunye nemiqathango yentlawulo.

Iinkundla Ezikhethekileyo: Ukujolisa Iimfuno Ezikhethekileyo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo jikelele yorhulumente neyorhulumente, imimandla emininzi iye yadala iinkundla ezijolise iliso kwimimandla ethile yomthetho okanye yabemi. Ezi nkomfa zikhethekileyo zisoloko zisebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezicetyelwe ukufikelela iziphumo ezingcono kuneziphumo ezingokwesithethe. Imizekelo iquka:

  • IiNkundla zoNtlango – ezizinikele kuqhawulo-mtshato, ukugcinwa kwabantwana, inkxaso yabantwana, nemicimbi yogonyamelo lwasekhaya.
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Inkundla yeProbate – Isalathisi somrhumo, izakhiwo, iinqanawa zokukhusela, iinqanawa zokuhlanganisa, kunye nokuthemba. Ziqinisekisa ukuba izinto zomntu ofileyo zisasazwa ngokokuthanda kwazo (okanye umthetho karhulumente ukuba akukho nto ikhoyo).
  • IiNkundla zeTraffic – I-Adjudicate izaphuli-mthetho ezifana nokubaleka kwesantya, ukubaleka kwezibane ezibomvu, kunye namatikiti okupaka. Kwamanye amazwe, ezi ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yenkundla kamasipala.
  • [[UMGAQO-] IiNkundla zeMipu – Ukunika unyango kunye nolawulo kubenzi bolwaphulo-mthetho abangenabundlobongela abasebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, bejolise ekunciphiseni ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ityala le-Veterans – Icelelwe amagqala abekwe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho, ezidibanisa neengenelo ze-VA kunye neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo.
  • IiNkundla eziNcinci – Icandelo elilula kwinkundla zamatyala zikarhulumente apho abantu ngabanye benokumangalelwa ngemali (ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kutsho ku $5 000-10 000) ngaphandle kwegqwetha.

Ukwazi ukuba yiyiphi inkundla ekhethekileyo esebenzayo kwimeko yakho kungayiphembelela inkqubo kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba ufikelela kwiifomu neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo.

Inyathelo Lokuqala Elibalulekileyo Lokuqikelela Ukumiselwa Kweli Xesha

Phambi kokugqiba naliphi na icala, kufuneka umisele apho icala likhoyo. Ilixa lineenxalenye ezimbini: linegunya eliyisihloko solawulo lwento (igunya lenkundla lokuva uhlobo lwetyala) kunye ulawulo oluzimeleyo (igunya lenkundla phezu kwamaqela). Buza le mibuzo:

  • Ngaba eli tyala libandakanya umthetho wesizwe, umGaqo-siseko waseUnited States, okanye impikiswano phakathi kwamazwe?
  • Ingaba ngumbandela womthetho opheleleyo (ukwahlukana, impahla, isivumelwano, umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho wesizwe)? Yandula ke inkundla yephondo iyindawo efanelekileyo.
  • Ingaba ikho inkundla ekhethekileyo esingatha olu hlobo lwetyala (umz., inkundla yentsapho, inkundla yezeeprobate)?
  • Iziganeko zenzeka phi, okanye zihlala phi? Imithetho yeVenue ichaza indawo echanileyo yendawo (ilizwe okanye isithili) yokubhala.

Ukungena kwinkundla engalunganga kungaphumela ekugxothweni okanye ekulibaziseni. Ukuba akuqinisekanga, jonga kwiofisi yomabhalane wenkundla okanye umbutho woncedo olusemthethweni. Iiwebhsayithi ezininzi zenkundla zipapasha izikhokelo zolawulo kunye nee-odart.

Indlela Yokuyilungisa Ityala Lakho Enkundleni

Xa uthe wachaza inkundla elungileyo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuqalisa ityala. Inkqubo iyahluka ngolawulo nangohlobo lwetyala, kodwa amanyathelo jikelele aquka:

Ilungiselela Amaxwebhu Okuqala

  • Ityala okanye Isibongozo – Uxwebhu olusesikweni oluchaza iimbambano zakho ezingokwasemthethweni, izibakala, kunye nenkululeko oyifunayo (umonakalo wemali, umyalelo wolawulo, njl.njl.).
  • [[UMTL:0] USummons-A isaziso kummangalelwa sokuba ityala libekwe kwityala kwaye kufuneka aphendule ngexesha elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo 20-30 iintsuku).
  • Ukubhatala iFe – Iinkundla ezininzi zibiza umrhumo uku faka ityala. Ii-fees zisuka ku-R350 ukuya ku-R4 400 kwiinkundla zikarhulumente; iimali zeshefu ze-R2402 ngoku zifumaneka kwityala loluntu. Ii-fee zifumaneka kubantu abahlawulwa phantsi.

Ukukhonza Elinye Iqela

Kufuneka udlulisele imibhalo yesikhalazo kwaye umeme ummangalelwa (umsebenzi wenkqubo). Oku kunokwenziwa ngumgwebi, umncedisi wobuqu, okanye kwezinye iindawo ngeposi eqinisekisiweyo. Inkonzo efanelekileyo ibalulekile; ngaphandle kwayo, inkundla ayinako ukulawula ngokobuqu kummangalelwa.

Ukusabela Kumthetho Ofanelekileyo

Ukuba ungummangalelwa, kufuneka ubhale impendulo okanye ushukumise kuthumo oluchazwe kwimida. Ukungaphenduli kungaphumela kugwebo olungagqibekanga nxamnye nawe. Impendulo ivumile okanye ikhanyele ityholo ngalinye kwaye ingaphakamisa ukhuseleko lokuvuma (umz., ummiselo wesithintelo, ukungabi nagunyaziso).

Ukuchotshelwa Kwetyala Nokuqhubeka

Emva kokuqukumbela nokusebenza, ityala lihamba ngamaqondo aliqela. Ukulungiselelwa kwiqonga ngalinye kungenza umahluko obalulekileyo kwiziphumo.

IiNkomfa zangaphambili kunye nokuFunyelelwa

Iinkundla ezininzi zinengqungquthela yangaphambi kwetyala apho ijaji idibana namaqela ukuze icacise imibandela, ikhuthaze ukuhlaziywa, kunye nokucwangcisa ucwangciso. Ukufunyanwa kukunikana iinkcukacha ezisesikweni phakathi kwamaqela.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iziphumo- njongo – Imibuzo ebhaliweyo emele iphendulwe phantsi kwesifungo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Imvume – ubungqina obungooOrenjisi wenkundla, obuthatyathwe phambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala.
  • Izicelo zamaxwebhu – ucela izivumelwano, ii-imeyili, iirekhodi zezamayeza, njalo njalo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izicelo zogunyaziso – ukucela elinye icala ukuvuma okanye ukukhanyela izibakala ezithile.

Uphando lungakuba luxanduva, kodwa luqinisekisa ukuba omabini amacala anezizathu ezifunekayo zokuchaza ityala lawo. Sebenza ngokusondeleyo negqwetha lakho okanye umnikezeli woncedo olusemthethweni ukuphendula kwizicelo ezifunyenweyo ngokuchanekileyo.

Intshukumo Neendlebe

Izenzo ze-arhente zingacela inkundla ukuba yenze izigqibo phambi kokuchotshelwa kwetyala. Izenzo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukukhupha – Argees ukuba isikhalazo asiphumeleli ukuchaza isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umbutho womgwebo wesishwankathelo – ucela inkundla ukulawula kwintsebenziswano yeqela kuba akukho mpikiswano yokwenene yento ephathekayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umbutho wokufumana i-Discovery – ifuna umyalelo wenkundla ofuna elinye icala ukuvelisa ulwazi.

Ukuthethwa kwezi ntetho kufutshane, kunezingqinelano ezidluliselwa ngomlomo, ezinye iintetho zigqibelwa ngokubhalwe nje ngemifutshane. Ijaji iza kukhupha umyalelo obhaliweyo.

Ukuvavanywa Kwetyala

Ukuba ityala alipheli, liya kuqhubekeka licinywe ngetyala elibekiweyo (ligwetywa kuphela) okanye ligwetywe ityala labachopheli-tyala. Ngexesha lokuchophela, icala ngalinye linikela ubungqina ngokunikela ubungqina kunye nokubonisa. Imithetho yobungqina ilawula oko kunokuqaliswa. Emva kokuqukunjelwa kwengxoxo, abachopheli-tyala (okanye abagwebi) baya kuququzelela ngesiquphelo kwaye baphumeze isigwebo. Lumkela ukuba iimvavanyo zinokuba zide kwaye zidiza ngokweemvakalelo; amatyala amaninzi ahlala phambi kokuba afike kwityala.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Kwinkqubo Yenkundla

UMgaqo-siseko wase-United States kunye nemithetho karhulumente inika abantu isiseko samalungelo asisiseko xa bebandakanyekile kumatyala asemthethweni. Ukwazi oko kukunceda ukuba uthethe ngokuphumelelayo kwaye uphephe ukuphamba okungokwemveli.

Ilayini esuka kwilayini ye Marcus

Kwimiba yolwaphulo-mthetho, unelungelo legqwetha phantsi koMphetho-mvavano weSithandathu. Ukuba akunamali yokufumana i-odoli, umkhuseli kawonke-wonke uza kumiselwa. Kwimeko zasekuhlaleni, akukho lungelo lomGaqo-siseko lokucebisa ngesisa, kodwa imimandla emininzi inikela iinkonzo zoncedo olusemthethweni okanye iinkqubo ze-probono. Ukuzimela ngokwakho (kukwi-pro se) kuvumelekile kodwa kunokuba nzima.

Ukugwetywa Ngokusesikweni Nangokungakhethi Buso

I-System Process Claus iqinisekisa ukuchotshelwa phambi kwejaji engondilele okanye abachopheli-tyala. Unelungelo lokunikela ubungqina, ukubiza amangqina, ukunqumla kwelinye icala, kwaye ufumana isigqibo sokuqiqa. Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ijaji ingumvandedwa, ungayila indlela yokuhamba. Ukhetho lwe Jury (ivoir jadaz) luvumela omabini amacala ukuba acel ’ umngeni amajukungcu.

Ukufanele Ubhenele

Ukuba inkundla egwebayo yenza impazamo engomthetho echaphazela ityala lakho, unelungelo lokubhenela kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno aziyoetyala kwakhona; azijolisi kwimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni, hayi izibakala ezintsha. Ixesha lokufaka isibheno lidla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kumgwebo. Ukungalifumani ixesha elimiselweyo kusenokulilahla ilungelo lakho lokubhenela kwisatifiketi. Isibheno singenza isigqibo senkundla esezantsi sivunywe, siguqulwe, okanye siphinde siqululwe ukuze kuqhutywe ezinye ityala.

Amanye Amalungelo Abalulekileyo

  • ekunene ukuthula (kwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho) – Kuphephe ukuzicalula.
  • [[UMTL:0] ekunene ukujamelana namangqina [ – Jonga abamangali bakho enkundleni.
  • ekunene kwityala elikhawulezayo – Abamangalelwa ngezaphuli-mthetho kufuneka bavavanywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo (ngokufuthi phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-60-180 kuxhomekeke kulawulo).
  • Ilungelo lokuqulunqa ityala labagwebi - Kwimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye namatyala amaninzi asekuhlaleni (njengabo bafuna imali bonakaliswa ngaphezu komnyango othile).
  • ekunene ukufikelela kwiirekhodi zikawonke-wonke – iirekhoda zeNkundla zidla ngokubanguwonke, nangona amanye amaxwebhu enokuvalwa ukuze abe yeyobuqu (umz., iirekhodi zolutsha, iimfihlelo zorhwebo).

Imithombo Yokunceda Abemi Bahlasele Iinkundla

Akuyomfuneko ukuba uqwalasele yonke into yedwa, imibutho nezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zinganikela ukhokelo, ifomu kwanomelo olungqalileyo.

Iziko loncedo lokuzinceda leNkundla

Iinkundla ezininzi zenkundla zeli lizwe zineziko loncedo elinamagqwetha okanye ama-paralegali anokuphendula imibuzo, iifomu, kunye neenkqubo zokucacisa. Ezi nkonzo zidla ngokuba ngesisa. Jonga iwebhsayithi yenkundla yakho yasekuhlaleni kangangeeyure kunye nokufumaneka kwayo.

Imibutho yoncedo esemthethweni

Ii-ofisi ezinika uncedo olusemthethweni olungeyongeniso lunika uncedo oluncinci okanye olungeyongeniso oluphantsi kubantu abafumana imali encinane, abakhulileyo, amakhensa, namanye amaqela abuthathaka. I-Ligetal Services (LSC) iinkqubo zoncedo olusemthethweni ngaphaya kwe-U.S. Sebenzisa i-website yabo ukufumana i-ofisi kwindawo yakho. Amazwe amaninzi nawo ane-onkeneenkonzo ezisemthethweni ezishushu.

Ithala leencwadi loMthetho namathala kawonke-wonke

Inkoliso yeenkundla inethala leencwadi lomthetho elivulekileyo kuluntu ngokubanzi. Abameli-zincwadi banokukunceda ufumane imimiselo, imithetho yenkundla, kunye neefomu zovavanyo. Amathala eencwadi oluntu asoloko enikezela kwii-database ezisemthethweni ezifana neNolo okanye iGale Esemthethweni, enika izikhokelo ezicacileyo zesiNgesi kunye neefomu ezinokugcwaliswa.

Imithombo

I-Attorney Referral Services

Ukuba ufuna igqwetha labucala, qhagamshelana nesebe lesizwe okanye igqwetha le ofisi yesebe lasekuhlaleni. Bangakufanisa negqwetha elibuza ucingo oluncitshisiweyo.

Amacebiso Asebenzisekayo Kumava Enkundla Abukhali

  • Funda imithetho ngocoselelo. Iinkundla zinemithetho yasekuhlaleni malunga nobume, ixesha elimisiweyo, kunye neendlela zokugcina ifayile. Ukungazi asiyongcebiso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Gcina imibhalo yayo yonke into. Gcina ifayile yawo onke amaxwebhu owafakayo kwaye wamkela. Sebenzisa ikhalenda ukulandelela ixesha elipheleleyo.
  • Iintlanganiso zeNkundla ziqala ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba sebusuku kungakhokelela kwimiqathango okanye ukugxothwa.
  • Ishishini eliqhelekileyo lifanelekile. Kuphephe iijean, iifish kunye neminqwazi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Thetha ngokucacileyo nangentlonelo. thetha nejaji njenge "Imbeko yakho.” Ungaphazamisa umgwebi okanye icebo elichasayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Hlola uphando. Iinkundla ezininzi zifuna okanye zikhuthaza ezinye iimpikiswano phambi kokuvavanywa. Ukuququzelelwa kunakho ukukhawuleza, ukuxabisa kancinci, nokungacinezeli.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Hlala ucwangcisiweyo. Yenza ikhonkco elineetabs zokuncenga, ukufumana, uthungelwano, kunye namaphetshana avela kwindlebe.

Isiphelo: Ukunikwa Amandla Ngolwazi

Inkqubo yenkundla yoyikisa kuba ayiqhelekanga. Ngokufunda isakhiwo sayo, amalungelo akho, kunye nenyathelo elilandelanayo, ufumana intembelo yokuya phambili ($noba ufaka ityala elincinane, uphendula kwityala, okanye ufuna ilungelo lokugcina umntwana wakho. Sebenzisa ubuncwane obuchazwe apha, bubuze kwindlu yenkundla, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo lomthetho olusemthethweni xa izikhonkwane ziphezulu. Ukuqonda indlela yokuqhuba inkqubo yenkundla akuthethi nje ngokuphumelela, kungokukhusela amalungelo akho nokufikelela kobulungisa.