Ukuqonda Ukuba Ngummi Okhethekileyo: Ukhokelo Olubalulekileyo

Ukufumana ubumi kwilizwe elitsha yimbalasane ebalulekileyo evula iminyango yokuthatha inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, iinzuzo zentlalo, nokuziva ungenayo. Noko ke, indlela yokufumana indalo inqabile. Imithetho elawulayo efanelekeleyo iyahluka-hluka kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe, kodwa abelana ngemigaqo yesiseko. Esi sikhokelo siyayiphula imilinganiselo esisiseko yokunganikezeli ngolwimi olucacileyo, sikunceda uqonde oko kufunwa ngamazwe amaninzi nendlela yokulungiselela uhambo olungaphambili.

Enoba usebenzisa ngokuhlala, ngomtshato, okanye ngomnombo womtshato, ukwazi iimfuno ezisisiseko `njengeminyaka, indawo yokuhlala esemthethweni, nobuntu obulungileyo" kuza kulondoloza ixesha kwaye kunciphise unxunguphalo. Siza kuhlola ushicilelo oluhle ngokubhekiselele kubukho bomzimba, iimvavanyo, kunye nendlela ezikhethekileyo, kunye necebiso elisebenzayo lokuphepha imigibe efanayo.

Iimfuno Ezisisiseko Zokufaneleka

Ilizwe ngalinye limisela iseti encinane yeemeko abafaki-zicelo abamele bahlangabezane nazo ngaphambi kokuba bathathwe njengendawo yobumi. Ezi zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi abatsha benziwe, umthetho ngqa, kwaye badityaniswe kwibutho labantu. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ezisisiseko ziquka:

Ubuncinane Beminyaka

Phantse zonke iindawo zifuna ukuba abafaki-zicelo babe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinane. Ii-Minea zidla ngokuqukwa kwisicelo somzali okanye zinenkqubo eyahlukeneyo, ezilula. Imfuneko yeminyaka ithintela abantu abangakamelanga ngokwasemthethweni ukuba bathathe iimbopheleleko ezipheleleyo zokuba ngummi.

Ixesha lokuphinda ulwenze ulawulo olusemthethweni

Abenzi bezicelo kufuneka babonise ukuba bahlala kwilizwe njengendawo esemthethweni esisigxina yeminyaka ethile. Eli xesha liphakathi elisukela kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, nangona linokuba mfutshane kwabo batshate nomntu okanye ixesha elide kwabo basebenzisa iimvume ezithile zokwexeshana. Umzekelo, iUnited States ifuna iminyaka emihlanu yokuhlala okusisigxina (okanye iminyaka emithathu ukuba itshate nomntu wase-U.S.), ngoxa uUnited Kingdom ecela ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu yobumi ngaphambi kokuba asebenzele. Jonga ukhokelo lwendalo. [[FLT:] USCIS] kunye nolwazi lwangoku.

Ukuziphatha Okuhle

Amazwe afuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi abatsha bayawuhlonela umthetho kwaye banegalelo elifanelekileyo kwibutho labantu. “ukuziphatha okuhle” okufunekayo kuthetha ukuba abafaki-zicelo mabangabi nengxelo enzulu yolwaphulo-mthetho (ingakumbi ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu olubandakanya ukuziphatha okubi, amatyala eziyobisi, okanye izenzo zogonyamelo) kwaye kufuneka ngokuqhelekileyo bathobele irhafu, inkxaso yabantwana, kunye nezinye iimfuno zoluntu. Ulwaphulo-mthetho oluncinane ludla ngokutyeshelwa, kodwa ukubanjwa, iingxingxengelwano, okanye kwaneempazamo ezithile ezibandakanya ukukhotyo zinokubangela ukukhanyelwa okanye ixesha lokulinda.

Abacebisi kufuneka baqokelele iziqinisekiso zamapolisa, iirekhodi zenkundla, kunye nalo nabuphi na ubungqina bokubuyiselwa konyango ukuba kufuneka. Kububulumko ukuya kwigqwetha elikwaziyo ukufuduka ukuba unembali engomthetho ephakamisa inkxalabo.

Ukuzibanga kolwimi

Ukuba nako ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuthetha ulwimi lwesizwe okanye iilwimi ezisemthethweni kuyimfuneko. Umgangatho wobuchule ohlukeneyo/amanye amazwe avavanya ubuchule bokuncokola, ngelinye ixesha amanye afuna uvavanyo olusemthethweni. Umzekelo, iJamani ilindele ukuba imigangatho yeJamani, kunye neKhanada ilindele ulwazi olwaneleyo lwesiNgesi okanye isiFrentshi ukunxibelelana ngokucacileyo. Ukucinezelwa kusenokubakho kubantu abadala okanye abo baneemeko zezamayeza. Lungise kwasekuqaleni ngokufaka iiklasi zolwimi okanye ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokufunda ezisemthethweni.

Ukwazi Iimbopheleleko Ezisemgangathweni

Kulindeleke ukuba abemi abatsha baqonde imbali, isakhiwo sikarhulumente, namalungelo nabemi. Oku kudla ngokuvavanywa ngovavanyo olubhaliweyo okanye oludluliselwa ngomlomo. Izihloko ziquka umgaqo-siseko, amasebe karhulumente, imiqondiso yesizwe, kunye neziganeko ezingundoqo zembali. Oorhulumente abaninzi banikela ukhokelo lokufunda ngesisa kunye neemvavanyo. EUnited States, abafaki-zicelo baphendula imibuzo eli-10 kwi-100 ye-oventine; e-Ostreliya, ukuvavanywa kubandakanya imilinganiselo ye-Australia kunye nolawulo.

Ubuchule Nobukho Bokwenyama

Ngaphandle nje kokuba nendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni esemthethweni, amazwe amaninzi amisela imfuneko ethile engokomzimba ukuze angqine ukuba ubuhlala kwelo lizwe, kungekhona nje ukugcina imvume esemthethweni ngoxa uhamba kwelinye ilizwe. Le mithetho iphakathi kweyona isoloko ingaqondwa kakuhle kwaye inokuba lilibazisa kakhulu isicelo xa singaneliswanga.

Ithuba lokuphinda ubuye

Ixesha elipheleleyo omele ukuba ube ngummi osisigxina phambi kokuba usebenzise libizwa ngokuba “lixesha lobukho.” Ubude obuqhelekileyo bubo:

  • 3 Iminyaka yamaqabane abemi (umz., eUnited States, eKhanada)
  • Iminyaka emi-5 yabafaki-zicelo (umz., eUnited States, eUnited Kingdom, eOstreliya)
  • 10 iminyaka yamazwe athile anemigaqo engqongqo (umz., Switzerland)

Amanye amazwe afuna ukuba ube ne visa yokuhlala yexeshana ngaphambi kokuba ufumane indawo yokuhlala esisigxina (ukuthi “umongameli” ixesha lingadityaniswa kwixesha elipheleleyo, kodwa kufuneka uguqulele kwimeko esisigxina ngaphambi kokuba ubhalisele ukuba ngummi.

Imilinganiselo yoBukho

Ubukho bakho bulinganisa iintsuku obezizo ngaphakathi kwelizwe. Abasemagunyeni basoloko bebala oku besebenzisa iirekhodi zohambo, izitampu zokundwendwela, okanye amakhadi okumisa. Imithetho eqhelekileyo iquka:

  • Inani elincinane leentsuku kweli lizwe ngexesha lokuhlala (umz., isiqingatha sexesha, okanye inani elithile elifana nenyanga ezilishumi kwezihlanu ezidlulileyo).
  • Into eqhubekayo efunekayo yokuhlala: ukungahambi ngexesha elinye umgama ongaphezulu kakhulu kommiselo (ngokufuthi iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka omnye). Ukungabikho ixesha elide kungaphelisa ukuqhubekeka nokucwangcisa kwakhona iwotshi.
  • Abasebenzi abathile bakarhulumente okanye inkonzo yasemkhosini bakwamanye amazwe, kodwa ezi zimele zibhalwe phantsi.

Ukuhlala emendweni, gcina isixhobo sokuhamba kwaye ugcine zonke iindleko zokuhlalisa, izivumelwano zokuqesha, kunye nokubuyisela irhafu okubonisa ubukho bakho. Ukuba unezithuba, jongana ningcali ngaphambi kokubhala.

Ukuzimisela Ukubuyela Eburhulumenteni

Kwanasemva kokudibana nobalo lobukho bokoqobo, amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuba uvakalise injongo yakho yokuqhubeka uhlala kwilizwe emva kokudalwa. Abacebisi akufunekanga bacebe ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokusisigxina. Ukuba ufaka isicelo sokufumana ipasi yokundwendwela uze ucebe ukuphuma kwilizwe ngokukhawuleza emva koko, ungabuzwa ngeenjongo zakho zokwenyaniso.

Imida Eyongezelelekileyo Enokwenza okanye Yahlule Isicelo

Ngaphandle kwesiseko, kukho ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Ezinye zinyanzelekile, kanti ezinye zilumkile kwaye zingakomeleza imeko yakho. Nazi ezona zibalulekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

Iimvavanyo Zobumi (Imbali, Urhulumente Nemilinganiselo Yakhe)

Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ngoku zisemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi. Zihlola okungaphezulu kunokucaphula nje ngentloko; zivavanya ukuba ungalusebenzisa kusini na ulwazi lwakho kwiimeko zoluntu lokwenene. Umzekelo, uBume be-UK kwi-UK kuvavanyo buquka imibuzo ngezithethe zaseBritane, inkqubo esemthethweni, kunye nemibutho kawonke-wonke. Uvavanyo lobumi base-Australia luquka icandelo elikwimilinganiselo yase-Australia, njengenkululeko yokuthetha nentlonelo. Ukungaphumeleli uvavanyo kungathetha ukulinda nokuthatha kwakhona. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokufunda ezisemthethweni kwaye wenze izicelo zovavanyo ukuze uphucule amathuba akho.

Iimfuno Zolwimi Nezokwahlula

Amanye amazwe adibanisa ulwimi kunye noluntu olunye. Amanye afuna ubungqina bolwimi ngediploma okanye ngeemvavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo. Ukongeza, ungafuna ukubonisa ukuba wenze imigudu yokudibanisa /_ngokudibanisa amaqela oluntu, ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzithandela, okanye ukubonisa ukuba uqeshiwe okanye ufunda. Ngokomzekelo, iNetherlands, ifuna ukudlula “kwimvavanyo lokusebenzisa intlalo-ntle” (inburgingxamen), equka ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuphulaphula, nokuqonda ibutho lamaDatshi. Ukungaphumeleli kwezi nvavanyo kunokubangela ukuba ngummi ngokungenasiphelo.

Ubungqina Bokungaguquguquki kwemali

Ngexa kungesoloko kusimfuneko esisesikweni, amazwe amaninzi afuna ukubona ukuba ungazixhasa wena kunye nabaxhomekekileyo kuwe ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu kwiingenelo zikawonke-wonke. Oku kungaqinisekiswa ngokubuyisela irhafu, ukuhlawula iziphene, iingxelo zebhanki, okanye ubungqina bempahla. Ukuba ubukwintlalo-ntle ixesha elide, kungaphakamisa imibuzo malunga namandla akho okunikela kwilizwe. Noko ke, ukungasebenzi okwexeshana okanye ukukhubazeka kwamkelekile jikelele ukuba unecebo lokufumana kwakhona amandla okuzisebenzela.

Iimbopheleleko Zenkonzo Yasemkhosini

Kumazwe anenkonzo yomkhosi enyanzelekileyo (umz., uMzantsi Korea, kwaSirayeli, Switzerland), amadoda acela uncedo eminyaka ethile asenokufuna ukubonisa ukuba agqibile okanye akakhululwa. Ukusilela ukwenza oko kungaba ngumqobo ekuzinziseni. Amabhinqa akasoloko echaphazeleka, kodwa kufanelekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno ezicacileyo kwilizwe lakho elijoliswe kulo.

Indlela Ekhethekileyo Yokufumana Ubomi

Abantu abaninzi abalandeli indlela esezantsi yokuhlala. Iindlela ezininzi ezizezinye zingayikhawulezisa inkqubo okanye zinikezele ukuba luncedo xa imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo ingadityani. Ukuqonda oku kungasindisa iminyaka yokulinda.

Ubumi nguMntu (Umthunzi)

Ukuba omnye okanye bobabini abazali okanye oomakhulu bakho babengabemi belizwe elithile, usenokuba ufanele ukuba ngummi welizwe elithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wazalelwa phi. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka i-Itali, i-Ireland, iPoland, neGrisi. Ilizwe ngalinye linemithetho yalo emalunga nemilinganiselo yesizukulwana, ukutshata nabantu abangengoma - 769zen, nokuba ngaba kufuneka uhlale kwilizwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo uza kufuna iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, iingxelo zokwemvelo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kuya kubhaliswa. Ngenxa yokuba uxwebhu lunzima, abantu abaninzi basebenza kwi-genealoggist okanye amagqwetha.

Ukuba ngummi Ngomtshato Okanye Ngonxibelelwano Lwentsapho

Izicaka ezitshayelelwayo zabemi zisoloko zinandipha ixesha elifutshane lokuhlala kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zolwimi, kodwa zisamele zihlangabezane nobuntu obuhle kunye nemigaqo enxulumeneyo. Amanye amazwe anika amabhinqa akwi-Morocco ukuba abe ngummi wangoko emtshatweni (umz., iMorocco kumabhinqa angamaSilamsi, kodwa kunqabile ukuba amadoda atshate kangangeminyaka eliqela kunye nokuhlalisana. Ulwalamano lokwenyaniso kufuneka luqinisekiswe; iintsapho zamarham zisohlwaywa kakhulu.

Ubumi ngokuveliswa kwemali (Ubumi belizwe)

Amazwe ambalwa anika ubumi ukutshintshiselana ngegalelo elibalulekileyo lemali elingu-R2,50 000 ukuya ngaphezu kwe-R1,000. Iinkqubo ezidumileyo ziquka ezo ziseMalta, eCyprus (ngoku zixhonywe), eSt. Kitts, nase Nevis, eDominica, naseVanuatus. Ezi ndlela zikhawulezayo (ngokunjalo 3-12 yeenyanga) kwaye azinalwimi okanye ziyimfuneko zokuhlala, kodwa zibiza imali eninzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zithanda ukuxambulisana. Isicelo kufuneka sigqithe imigudu efunekayo. Oku akuyo yonke into, kodwa kuyindlela esemthethweni kwabo baneso sixeko esinesokomkhulu.

Ukuba Ngabemi Beembacu Nabantu Abangenaburhulumente

Iimbacu nabantu abangenabuzwe basenokunciphisa iimfuno zokuhlala nokungangeni kwiimvavanyo zolwimi okanye zephondo ukuze baziqonde iimeko zabo. Kodwa ke, le nkqubo isenokucotha, kwaye abaninzi balindele amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yempatho-mbi. Iintlangano ezifana ne-UNHCR zinika ukhokelo, kodwa abafaki-zicelo bafanele basebenze ngeenkqubo zoncedo lweembacu zasekuhlaleni ukuze bachaze ukuba zinjani kwaye bafikelele kwiimfuno zabo.

Ukuziqhelanisa Kwabemi Abade

Ngamaxesha athile, amazwe anikela iinkqubo zokuhlalisana rhoqo ezinika abantu abahlala ngokusisigxina okanye abenza ubumi obungavumelekanga kangangeminyaka emininzi kodwa ngenye indlela beneengxelo ezicocekileyo. Ezi zinto aziqhelekanga kwaye zichaphazeleka ngokwezobupolitika, kodwa ziyenzeka (umz., ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kwabasebenzi bezonyango).

Ucelomngeni Oluqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokoyisa

Naxa ufikelela zonke iimfuno, inkqubo yesicelo ingazala nemiqobo. Nantsi imiqobo esoloko ikhona kunye necebo elisebenzayo lokuyisingatha:

Uxwebhu Olungekhoyo okanye Olungagqibekanga

Ii-ofisi zikarhulumente zifuna amaxwebhu aphezulu, ngokufuthi aneenguqulelo eziqinisekisiweyo. Ukuphulukana nesiqinisekiso sokuzalwa okanye imvume yomtshato kungenza ukuba kubekho ukulibala kweenyanga. Gcina imibhalo yemivo neyomzimba yento yonke, kwaye ubeke amaxwebhu endaweni yayo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise. Ukuba usuka kwilizwe elingathembekanga, faka imali ephanda ngokucokisekileyo okanye uqeshe ugqirha oyingcali yemfuzamo yemfuza.

Ukubhalwa Kwezaphuli - mthetho Okanye Ukubanjwa Kwixesha Elidluleyo

Kwanalo vavanyo oluncinane olusuka kumashumi eminyaka adluleyo lungaphinda luqale ukubonakala xa uhlola indawo engasemva. Musa ukuzama ukuyifihla; ukutyhilwa ngokupheleleyo kusoloko kungcono. Ukuba ubanjiwe kodwa awugwetywanga, kuyafuneka unikezele uxwebhu. Amanye amazwe avumela “iintambo” okanye“ ikhutshelwa kwakhona" emva kwexesha elithile "kwezokuqala. Igqwetha lingakunceda uqwalasele ukuba ufanelekile kusini na nokuba ukulinda iminyaka embalwa ingenza ukuba icala “litshatyala” phantsi kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni.

Amaxesha okulungelelanisa ade

Izicelo zobumi zingathatha nayiphi na inyanga emithandathu ukuya kwezi-3. Ngelo xesha, kufuneka ugcine indawo yakho yokuhlala esisigxina, uqhubeke udibana nobukho bokoqobo, kwaye ungahambi ixesha elide. Ukuba isicelo sakho siyatsala, cinga ngokufaka i-writ of mandamus (kwi-U.S.) okanye isibheno kwinkundla ephakamileyo (kwamanye amazwe) ukunyanzela isigqibo. Noko ke, oku kubiza imali eninzi kwaye akufanelekile kumntu wonke. Umonde nocwangciso olunobuchule luyimfuneko.

Iinguqulelo EMthethweni

Imithetho yokutshintsha itshintsha rhoqo. Indlela ekhoyo xa uqala ingavalwa ngexesha odibana ngalo nemfuno yokuhlala. Hlala uhlaziyiwe ngokubhalisela kumaphepha-ncwadi karhulumente osemthethweni okanye kwii-Webs zomthetho wokufuduka. Cinga ngokubekwa phambi kokuba utshintsho lwemithetho luqale ukusebenza ukuba usondele ekufanelekeni.

Ulwimi Okanye Ixhala Livavanywe

Ukuba uzama ukuvavanya, musa ukulinda de kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela. Kwiklasi yokulungiselela ubumi, enikwa ziikholeji ezininzi zoluntu kunye neengeniso ezingeyo-projekthi. Kulwimi, ziqhelise ukuthetha imihla ngemihla kwaye usebenzise ii-apps ezifana noDuolingo okanye u-Babbel. Indawo yokucela izicelo ukuba unengxaki yokufunda okanye unomba wempilo, amanye amazwe avumela uvavanyo lomlomo endaweni yokubhala abantu abadala abacela uncedo.

Isiphelo

Ukuba ngummi kusukelo olungqongqo kodwa olunokufumaneka xa uqonda imithetho kwaye ulungiselela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ilizwe ngalinye linemdibaniso walo ekhethekileyo yobudala, indawo yokuhlala, uphawu, ulwimi, kunye nemilinganiselo yoluntu, kodwa imigaqo esisiseko iyelelene ngokuphawulekayo. Qalisa ngokuhlola i webhsayithi yokufuduka esemthethweni yelizwe lakho elijoliswe kulo ukuze ufumane imigaqo yakutshanje. Emva koko qokelela amaxwebhu akho, qinisekisa ubukho bakho, kunye nedilesi enokwenzeka yokuba neflegi ebomvu.

Ukuba akuqinisekanga nganto, thetha negqwetha eligunyazisiweyo okanye umbutho wasekuhlaleni ogunyazisiweyo. Utyalo-mali olukwiziko lobugcisa lubiza imali encinane kakhulu kunexabiso lokukhanyelwa okanye ukulibaziseka iminyaka engama-33. Ngokuceba ngenyameko nemaphu ecacileyo yendlela, ungenza ukuba iphupha lokuba ngummi libe yinto yokwenene.