Umhlaba Ontle Wemithombo Yamajelo Yale Mihla

Mihla le, abantu badibana nentaphane yemixholo yemixholo, iindaba zezentlalo-ntle, iividiyo, kunye nenkcazelo. Inkcukacha ezininzi zikwenza kube nzima ukwahlula ingxelo eyinyaniso kwiimbono, ubuqhetseba, okanye inkohliso ecacileyo. Abafundi nabafundisi-lwazi, bahlakulela ubuchule bokuyihlolisisa ngokunzulu intelekelelo yamajelo eendaba asiyonkqubo nje yemfundo, bubuchule obusisiseko bobumi obufanelekileyo. Xa abantu beqonda indlela ikhethe elisebenza ngayo, bangahamba ngaphaya kokuzicingela nje, bangenele kwiindaba ngendlela esengqiqweni, yokuqonda. Olu khokelo lwandisholo lwandiliseko luhlola imbono ye-medipoluni, isizathu sokuba ibalulekile, indlela yokuzijonga ngayo, nendlela yokufundisa ezi buchule.

Yintoni iBias ephuma kumaMedia?

Ikhethe loonondaba libhekisela kukhetho lokwenene okanye olucingelwayo lweentatheli, abahleli, nemibutho yamajelo eendaba ekukhetheni nasekudluliseleni iindaba. Akukho nkcazelo yejelo-ndaba inokuthi inike ingxelo yesiganeko ngasinye ehlabathini, kwaye nasiphi na isigqibo sibandakanya umlinganiselo othile woshicilelo. i-Bias iba nengxaki xa igqwetha inkcazelo, icinezela iimbono ezinxulumeneyo, okanye ilahlekisa abaphulaphuli. Ukuqonda uhlobo oluthile localucalulo oluthathelwe lunyathelo lokuqala ekujongeni ngokugxeka iindaba.

Ukhetho

Ukhetho luyenzeka xa icebo lokukhupha imvume likhetha ukugquma amabali athile lize lingahoyi amanye. Umzekelo, olunye uthungelwano lweendaba lungakhokelele ngehlazo lezobupolitika, ngelinye ixesha lukhokelele kwimbali yenkqubela yezoqoqosho. Akukho lukhetho olungalunganga ngokwemvelo, kodwa indlela yokugquma imbonakalo yoko abaphulaphuli bakugqala njengokubalulekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukungacaci okuphindaphindiwe kwemixholo ethile kungadala umfanekiso wokwenene ongaqhelekanga. [[FLT:]] ucalulo olunentsingiselo yemeko luphembele ucwangciso lukawonke wonke[[ ngokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi imiba ehlala ikwithunzi.

IBhaya Ephothiweyo

Ucalucalulo lwenzeka xa izibakala ezifanayo ziveliswa ngendlela ekhuthaza ukutolikwa okuthile. Ukukhethwa kwamagama, imifanekiso, kunye nomongo kungaqhuba abaphulaphuli kwimpendulo ethile engokweemvakalelo okanye kwisiphelo. Umzekelo, ukuchaza ukuqhankqalaza "ngokucalula" kunye "umenzi" ulinganisa isiganeko ngokwahlukileyo. Imeko kuba ibumba kuba iguqula indlela abaphulaphuli abaqonda ngayo ukuchana noxanduva [ ukwenzela iziganeko. Izikhuphiwo ezimbini ezichaza ugcino-lwazi olunye zingadlulisela izimvo ezichaseneyo ngolwimi abalukhethayo.

Uqinisekiso

Uqinisekiso lukungaqiniseki, hayi ucalucalulo lolwazi, kodwa lusebenzisana ngamandla nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Abantu ngokwemvelo bakhetha ulwazi oluhambelana neenkolelo zabo ezikhoyo. Iindlela zokukhupha imithombo zezixhobo zokuchaza indalo zingasebenzisa olu tyekelo ngokuvelisa ulwaneliseko oluqinisa imbonakalo yomhlaba yabaphulaphuli babo. Xa ababukeli besebenzisa kuphela iindaba ezivela kwimithombo eqinisekisa iimbono zabo, baya baqhekeka kwaye bangavulekanga kakhulu kwiimbono ezichaseneyo. [[FLT: 0] ukwamkela ingqinisekiso kuwethulo kuwethulo lwawo siqu kuyimfuneko ekusebenziseni izingeniso ezilungeleleneyo zezixhobo zekhompyutha .

IPartisan Bias

Ucalucalulo lubhekiselele kutyekelo lokukhupha eendaba ekuthandeni iqela elithile lezobupolitika, iingcamango, okanye ucwangciso lwenkqubo. Oku kunokubalula, njengemihlathi yoluvo, okanye ubumfama, njengakwindlela ekwintloko-ndaba. Ucalucalulo lungakhokelela kwingxelo ekhethayo, apho izibakala ezilungileyo zibalaseliswayo nezibakala ezingalunganga zikhutshwa phantsi okanye zishiywe. [FLT:] Abaququzeli mabalumkele utyekelo lwezopolitiko lwemithombo yabo ephambili yeendaba baze bafune iimbono ezahlukeneyo ukuze bahlawule.

I-Application

Ubuvayo buluhlobo localucalulo olubeka phambili imidlalo, ingxabano, okanye impembelelo engokweemvakalelo kwimveliso. Amabali olwaphulo-mthetho, amahlazo, okanye iintlekele zendalo asoloko efumana ingqalelo engalinganiyo ngenxa yokuba evelisa unqakrazo kunye nereyithi. Nangona ezi ngxelo zingabubuxoki, ukugqithisa kwazo okugqithisileyo kungaphazamisa kwimibandela ephambili efana neengxoxo zemigaqo yezenzululwazi, okanye imicimbi yezentlalo. I-SANSTALY] inciphisa amandla kawonke-wonke okubeka phambili izinto zenyani.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqonda Iimfundiso Zobukho Benyama Kubaluleke

Ukuphuhlisa amandla okubona nokuhlola ikhethe kwijelo leendaba kuyingenelo kubantu nakwibutho labantu. Ubuchule obubandakanyekileyo abuphelelanga kwiklasi yoondaba; busebenza kwiingqeqesho nakwizinto zobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Ukuba ngummi Onolwazi

Abemi abanolwazi baxhomekeke kwi-Democracrate yonyulo. Xa abemi benokuqonda ikhethe, baxhotyiswe ngcono ukuba balinganisele ii-staties ezikhuphisanayo, baqonde urhwebo-mthetho, kwaye bagcine iinkokeli zinokuphendula. Abemi abalawulwayo abachananga kakhulu kwimposiso kunye nokuxhaphaza[. Bangathabatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo yequmrhu, beqinisekile, besazi ukuba iimbono zabo zisekelwe kwisiseko sovavanyo olunenkcaso kunokuba ziphendulwe ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukucedwa kwengxelo.

Ubuchule Bokucinga Obubalulekileyo

Uphando lwemithombo ye-media lufuna ubuchule bokuhlola obutshintshela kuphando lwemfundo, kumsebenzi wengcali, nakwinza izigqibo zobuqu. Ukususa ubungqina, ukwazi ukuchaza iingcamango, kunye nokuqwalasela ezinye iinkcazelo kungundoqo wokukhuphisana ngokucingisisa. amaqela aqhelisela uhlalutyo olungqongqo lwezixhobo zekhompyutha [ jikelele, akwazi ukufumanisa iimpazamo eziqikelelwayo, igunya, kunye nokwakha iingxoxo zesandi.

Ulwazi lwamajelo

Ukwazi ukufunda eendaba kukwazi ukufikelela, ukuhlalutya, ukujonga, nokwenza amajelo eendaba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda ikhethe lilungu elisemgangathweni lemfundo yolwazi olufundisa ngamaziko eendaba. Njengoko amaqonga e-minumeters efihlwa yimigca phakathi kogcino-lwazi, isibhengezo, kunye nokuqulunqwa komsebenzisi, ukufunda okukhutshwa ngumsebenzi wobugcisa kuya kubaluleke ngakumbi. ubuchule bokufunda ulwazi oluntsonkothile luzinziswano apho nabani na anokuvelisa khona into, kwaye ukunyaniseka kumele kufumaneke kunokuba kuthandwe.

Ukuzinzisa Ukungaqondwa Kakuhle

I-Misforminformation kunye nenkcazelo engachananga esasazwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-media yezentlalo, ngokufuthi eneziphumo ezinzulu zehlabathi. Abantu abaluqondayo ucalucalulo badla ngokuthandabuza izinto ezikrokrelekayo, baqinisekise imithombo, kwaye baphephe ukwabelana okuqulethwe yi-projekthi. uluvo oluthe ngqo lokupapashwa kwenkcazelo yamajelo eendaba lusebenza njengesitoliki-kuchasene nobuxoki[, zenza abantu kunye noluntu badibane bhetyelelene nolungelelwano olulungelelanisiweyo.

U-Empathy kunye nengqikelelo-magama

Ukusebenzisa amajelo eendaba ahlukeneyo kukhuthaza ulwazelelelo ngokubhenca abaphulaphuli kumava neembono ezahlukileyo kwezabo. Xa abafundi bethelekisa indlela yokuphuma kwezopolitiko ezigquma isiganeko esinye, baqala ukubona indlela enokuthi inyani efanayo ichazwe ngayo ngeendlela ezininzi. olu qheliso lukhuthaza ukuthobeka kobulumko nokuhlonela iimbono ezahlukeneyo [, iimpawu eziyimfuneko kwincoko esebenzayo kwibutho labantu abathathi bahlukane.

Indlela Yokwazi Ibhiya Kumaphepha-ndaba

Ukuqonda ikhethe bubuchule obuphucula indlela oqhelisela ngayo.

Hlola Umthombo Wako

Phambi kokuba uthabathe ijenali, zinike ixesha lokuqonda indlela yokukhupha ingeniso evelisiweyo. Hlola isakhiwo sobunini, imodeli, kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlela weli nqaku. Umbutho weendaba ongombutho omkhulu unokuba nenkxwaleko yentsebenziswano ephembelela intsebenziswano. Iindlela ezikhutshwayo ezixhaswa ngabantu zisenokusebenza phantsi kwemiqathango eyahlukeneyo kuneyorhwebo. ii-Website ezinje [ifomu] [i-Diadias/ct Sech kunye Allides [[FLT:]] inikezela ngomlinganiselo nenkcazelo esemva kumawaka eendaba [FLT]

Hlaziya Ulwimi

Nika ingqalelo ekusondeleni kukhetho lwamagama, isandi, kunye nokunika igama. Ulwimi olulayishiweyo lungadlulisela imvume okanye ukungamvumeli ngaphandle kokwenza impikiswano ecacileyo. Amagama afana "Iyamkelekileyo," "ecacisiweyo" "ityhilwe" okanye "ichaziwe" ineentsingiselo ezinokubumba uluvo lomfundi. Ngokufanayo, ukuchaza umntu njengo "uchwepheshe" kunye "umxhasi" ulinganisa ukuthembeka kwawo. [ Izihloko eziphezulu ngaphaya kwezibhengezo ukubona indlela eyahlukileyo yokuguqula ngayo umyalezo oboniswayo. Ulwimi olungenagama lomntu kufuneka lunike ulwazi ngaphandle kophawu loluvo lwe-ndaba.

Khangela ungqinelwano

Lumka nokuba ugqumo luquka iimbono ezininzi kwinkupho ekhoyo. Ibali elilungelelanisiweyo alinikeli mfuneko ukuba linike ubunzima obulinganayo kuzo zonke iimbono, kodwa kufuneka livume iindawo ezifanelekileyo kwaye linikezele umongo wesizathu sokuba amaqela ahlukeneyo angavumelani. Lumka amabali anikela icala elinye kuphela njengelisebenzayo ngexa ukhaba okanye ungabuhoyi ubungqina obuphikisayo. [[FLT: 0] kwakhona lithetha ukunika imithombo ithuba lokuphendula ekugxekeni [ kunokuba ucaphunyele abo baxhasa intatheli abano.

Iziphumo zeNkcukacha yeNkcubeko

Uqinisekiso lusisiseko solwazi olulungileyo. Abafundi kufuneka bahlakulele umkhwa wokukhangela iingxelo eziyinyaniso nxamnye nomthombo ozimeleyo. Inyani eqwalaselwayo ijonge imibutho enjenge . , Plact[ Plact [, kwaye [[FLT] FactCC.org qinisekisa ucoselelo lwenkcazelo eyenziwe ngamanani kawonke kunye neziphumelelo eendaba. Ukuba ibali lenza into engakhange inikezeli ubungqina obungaphindiweyo, iyenze ngokuthandabuza [ft:]

Imbono nemigca yentloko

Imifanekiso, iitshati, kunye nezicatshulwa zevidiyo zingasetyenziswa okanye zithatyathwe ngaphandle komongo ukuze kuveliswe uluvo lobuxoki. Umfanekiso ochukumisayo ungakhatshwa libali elingameleliyo lemeko ebanzi. Iintloko zemigca zisoloko zibhalelwe ukwandisa unqakrazo, kwaye zingabalula okanye zibalule okuqulethwe linqaku. ngamaxesha onke zifunda ngaphezulu komxholo ze zijonge kumongo wonke wento ebonakalayo [ phambi kokuba zenze uluvo.

Yazi Injongo Yayo

Qwalasela isizathu sokuba ibali elithile lenziwe kwaye iziphumo ezizakwenziwa. Ingaba iceba licelelwe ukwazisa, ukunyanzelisa, ukukhuthaza okanye ukuvuselela isenzo? amanqaku oluvo, omhleli, kunye nomxholo oxhasweyo zinemigangatho eyahlukileyo yolwazelelo kunezibhengezo ezithe ngqo zeendaba. Ukuqonda ukuma kweceba elincedayo kucwangciswe ukulindela okufanelekileyo [ ukuthembeka nokulunga.

Imisebenzi Esebenzisekayo Kubafundi

Imisebenzi yeklasi ebandakanya uhlalutyo olusebenzayo lwenkcazelo yesixhobo sokusasaza ingenza abafundi baqonde ngakumbi ukuba nokhethe ngeendlela ezingalibalekiyo. Le mithambo ilandelayo yenzelwe ukuvumelana nemigangatho yebanga eliphakathi nemibandela eyahlukahlukeneyo.

Uthelekiso lwamajelo eendaba

Khetha isiganeko esikhulu kwaye ucele abafundi ukuba bathelekise indlela eziphuma ngayo iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha ingxelo yaso. Zinika iindlela zokukhupha ezinqumla imvelaphi yasekhohlo, imvelaphi ephakathi, nemvelaphi esekunene. Abafundi kufuneka baphawule umahluko kumxholo wegama, ukhetho lwebali, imithombo ecatshulweyo, kunye nendlela yonke yokugquma. Lo mthambo utyhila indlela inyaniso enye enokuboniswa ngayo ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo ze-lens kwaye unceda abafundi baphawule ubuchule obukhethekileyo bokuyila.

Ijenali i-Bias

Abafundi bagcine umatshini weveki enye apho babhala imizekelo yocalucalulo abadibana nalo kwimiba yabo yemijelo yezindaba yemihla ngemihla. Ukungena ngako kumele kuquke imvelaphi, inkcazelo emfutshane yomxholo, kunye nohlalutyo lohlobo localulo olukhoyo. Abafundi bangaphawula indlela abavakalelwa ngayo ngokweemvakalelo, ngokufuthi ebonakalisa ubukho bolwimi olulayishwe okanye ingqinelo. Ukubonakalisa ngokuphandle [ukubonakalisa intsingiselo] kwalo lwalo lwento kwakha ukuqonda kwaye kwenza ukufumanisa okuzenzekelayo ngexesha [

Ukwenziwa kwakhona kwentloko

Nika abafundi ngeqela lezibakala zobundilele malunga nesiganeko esithile sendaba kwaye bacele ukuba babhale imixholo yentloko ezakuvela kwimiboniso eyahlukileyo yezobupolitika. Oku kunyanzela abafundi ukuba bacinge ngendlela yokufaka imbumbulu kumgangatho osisiseko. Ukukhetha imixholo yezihloko ephumelayo kubonisa indlela igama elinokuguqula ngayo intsingiselo ecacileyo yebali, kwanaxa izibakala eziphantsi zihlala zinjalo.

Khangela Uluhlu

Xa ibali leendaba licaphula uphando, ingxelo, okanye ucaphulo oluvela kumphathi, lucela abafundi ukufumana umxholo wokuqala. Thelekisa indlela imvelaphi echaza ngayo imvelaphi yoko kuthethwa ngumthombo weendaba. Lo msebenzi ufundisa abafundi ukuqinisekisa imithombo esisiseko kwaye ubhenca amatyala apho amajelo-ndaba athelekisa okanye agqwetha uphando lwantlandlolo.

Isicwangciso sengxoxo

Lungisa ingxoxo yeklasi ekwimpikiswano ephikisayo, kodwa kufuneka abafundi balungiselele iingxoxo zabo besebenzisa kuphela imithombo yeendaba evela kwelinye icala lezobupolitika. Emva kwengxoxo, xubushani indlela isiseko esisikelwe umda esichaphazele ngayo ubunjani nokugqibelela kwengxoxo yabo. Studenting zizibonela ngawethu amava indlela ii-easethi zesandi ezithintela ngayo ukuqonda [ kwaye kutheni ukuchachanabeka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile ekucingeni okubalulekileyo.

Ugaqo lwe Ad

Izibhengezo zepolitiki, ezisuka kumaphulo nakumaqela angaphandle, zizinto ezichuliweyo zocalulo kunye nobuchule. Abafundi bavavanya izibhengezo zokuchana ngokwenyani, ukuchukumisa ngokweemvakalelo, kunye neziphoso ezisengqiqweni. ubuchule bobuqhetseba bokwazisa bunceda abafundi babone kwinkcazelo esasazwayo yezopolitiko kunye nezorhwebo.

Oovimba Bokufunda Okungakumbi

Izixhobo ezininzi nezimvo zingaxhasa imfundo eqhubekayo kwimfundo yolwazi olusemgangathweni nolusekelwe kwizinto ezifihlakeleyo.

Incwadi

Iincwadi ezininzi zinika ulwazi olusisiseko ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha koondaba, ucalucalulo losasazo, kunye nokucingela okugxekayo. "Iziqalelo zeJournach" nguBill Kovach noTom Rosenstiel bachaza iindaba ezifanele zizenze kubemi kunye noko imigangatho iintatheli ezimele zixhase. "i-Media Elite" ngu-S. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, kunye noLichter S uhlola isimo sengqondo sezobupolitika somcholatho. "Thembela Me, I-Im Lim Ling" nguRyan stain ebonisa indlela uphatho lwezixhobo zekhompyutha olusebenza ngayo ngexesha lokulinganisa. [FLTLD:] Le mibhalo inikeza zombini izicwangciso kunye nophando olusebenzayo ngenxa yokuqonda ucaluvo loluvo.

I-Web Site

Amaqonga amaninzi kwi-intanethi athe ngqo ekuhlalutyeni nasekulinganiseni ucalucalulo lwe-media. I-Media Bias/Fact inika ubalo oluneenkcukacha lwemithombo yeendaba esekelwe kwimbono yezobupolitika nenyani. Zonke izikhundla zinikela amabali eendaba ukusuka ekhohlo, kwisiziko, kunye neembono ezisekunene, zisenza ikhethe libonakale ngokuthelekisa ngqo. Iprojekthi ye-New News Literacclining Project inika ii-ekhomfa zeklasi kunye nenkqubela-phambili yobugcisa yabafundisi. phawula la manxulumanisa amanxulumane akhawulezileyo xa kuvavanywa imithombo engaqhelanga.[

Iisifundo

kumaqonga okufunda angaphakathi anika izifundo ngokukhethekileyo kwiqonga lokubhala nokucingisisa. Ikhora inendawo ekhethekileyo egqubuthela iziphumo zolwazi. EdX inika "Ukwenza uluvo lweposi: News Literationss for Digital Citigitical Cititive" kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong. Iprojekthi ye-New News Literaccliging’s Suply Respoints Surviceology inika abafundi izifundo ezincedisanayo. [[FLT:]] Iiklasi ezincuthekileyo zinganikezela ngolwazi olubanzi kubafundi kunye nezicwangciso zeklasi zomntu ngamnye.

Izixhobo Zokuchonga Inyaniso

Inyaniso ejongwayo inika uqinisekiso lokwenene lwexesha loqikelelo lwentelekelelo eyenziwa ngamanani kawonke-wonke kunye neenkcazelo zezixhobo zetheminali. IiSnopets beziye zaphelisa iintsomi zedolophu kunye nenkcazelo engeyonyani ukususela ngo-1990. I-Pritifact iqondo locoselelo lweentetho zezobupolitika zisebenzisa i-Truth-O-Meter. iQuelow.org ihlola ucolatho lwenyaniso lwako kuthethwa ngabadlali bezobupolitika abaphambili. [[FLT:] abafundi] ukukhangela ezi zixhobo phambi kokuba babelane nayiphi na into ekrokrelezayo kwisixhobo sonxibelelwano.

Ukwakha Isithethe Sokwenza Amadinga

Ukuqonda ucalucalulo asiyosifundo sexesha elinye kodwa kuqhubekeka. Injongo asikokuba ukrwada ngawo onke amajelo eendaba, kodwa kukuphuhlisa umkhwa wokuganana ngokuqwalasela. Xa abafundi befunda ukubuza ukuba ngubani ovelisa umyalezo, kutheni bewuveze, nendlela abawubumba ngayo, baba ngabathathi-nxaxheba kulwazi lwendalo kunokuba babe ngabamkeli abangasebenziyo. abaququzeleli badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufuziseleni le ndlela yokulungisa nokudala imeko ekwigumbi apho imithombo yeklasi ikhuthazwa khona. Izikolo ezisebenzisa ulwazi lokufunda ngaphaya koluhlu lokufundisa zilungiselela abafundi ukuba bajongene nehlabathi apho ulwazi luninzi kwaye lunentembeko enzima khona.

Isiphelo

Kwixesha lobuninzi bolwazi, ukukwazi ukuqwalasela ngokunzulu ukuchanabeka kwejelo leendaba kuyinto enye ebalulekileyo anokuyiphuhlisa umfundi. Ngokuqonda uhlobo lwekhethe oluvelayo, ukuqonda isizathu sokuba imicimbi isetyenziswe, ukusebenzisa ubuchule bohlalutyo, nokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi esebenzisekayo, abafundi bayakwazi ukuqhuba imimandla yamajelo eendaba ngentembelo nangokuqonda. Ubuncwane obukhoyo bokuqhubeka nokufunda buninzi, kwaye iingenelo zokufunda ngapha nangapha kweklasi. [FLT:] Ibutho labantu elineengqondo ezigxekayo liyindawo engcono ekucombululeni iingxaki, ibhulorho, iyakwazi ukwahlula, nokugcina iziko zedemokhrasi ezinxulumene nolawulo-demokhrasi . Uhambo olukhoyo lokuya kuqalisa ngombuzo omnye: Ngubani endiwuxelela lo, yaye kutheni?