Ekulweni nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana nokuxhatshazwa, abameli bomthetho bahamba ngamandla phakathi kophando olungqongqo kunye nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko. Uhlaziyo Lwesine kuMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, kunye nezinxulumani zawo zikarhulumente, lufuna ukuba ukuphengulula nokubanjwa kube nokusengqiqweni (_kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, okuthetha ukufumana isiqinisekiso. Abanqongopheleyo basebenza njengendawo ejongene nokuvavanya okunzima: banyanzelisa amapolisa ukuba abonise ukuba unobangela ongondilele kwi-jaji phambi kokuba angenele phambi kokuba angene kwi-mthetho, angene kwinkululeko, okanye kwimpahla yomntu oxhatshaziwe. Kwimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, apho ubungqina bemicingelana amaxhoba kunye nezikroti ezitheneyo zingaphezulu ngokugqithisileyo, iimfuno ezithe ngqo azikho nje ezizi iziqinisekiso zemfundo, ezingondleko zomthetho, iziphathi-omatilaniso, nabani nabani omthetho oonoxakekileyo kwimithetho.

Eli nqaku linikela uvavanyo olunzulu lwezimfuneko zemvume kwimiba yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nokuxhatshazwa. Siza kuhlolisisa iziseko zomgaqo-siseko, iziqalelo zesiqinisekiso esisebenzayo, uqwalaselo olukhethekileyo kwezi zihlolo zobuntatheli zobuchule, kunye nenkqubela-phambili zakutshanje ezingokwasemthethweni ezithi zilungise indlela iinkundla ezivumela ngayo kulo mongo. Ngesiphelo, abafundi kufuneka baqonde ngokucokisekileyo isiseko somthetho esilawula enye yezona zixhobo zilandelayo kumlo nxamnye nolwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye nabantwana.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko sabaThwali-mali

UHlaliso lwesine loMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. lunika oku: "Ilungelo labantu lokukhuselwa kubantu babo, kwizindlu, amaphepha, kunye neziphumo, ngokuchasene nophengululo olungekho ngqiqweni kunye nokuxhuzula, aliyi kuphunyelwa, kwaye akukho nanye imikhosi yemfazwe eza kukhupha, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esilindelekileyo, ixhaswe ngu-Oath okanye isiqinisekiso, kwaye ichaza ngakumbi indawo eza kuphendwa, nabantu okanye izinto ezithinjwayo. Olu lwimi lumisela iintsika ezimbini zobungcazelo: ukuphengulula nokuxhuzula kumele ukuba kuqikelele, kwaye ingulo olungundoqo olunokuqinisekiswa ngalo ekhaya nakwezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Inkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. isoloko ikholelwa ukuba ukuphengulula okuqhutywe ngaphandle kwenkqubo yogwebo, ngaphandle kwemvume ebekwe yijaji okanye imaji, akuqiqi phantsi koMthetho wesine oLandlisiweyo (````''''')). Imfuneko iqinisekisa ukuba i-palm-ethenti ayithathi nxaxheba, hayi igosa eliqulethwe kwishishini lokhuphiswano lolwaphulo-mthetho, ivavanya amandla obungqina phambi kokuphendla.

Kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, izibonda zomgaqo-siseko ziphezulu ngokuphawulekayo. Imfuno yezobuqu yabarhanelwayo isenokungqubana nomdla onyanzelekileyo wokukhusela abantwana. Iinkundla kufuneka zilungelelanise ezi mdlalo ngeli xesha ziqinisekisa ukuba imvume ayikhutshwanga ngokusekelwe ekukrokreleni okanye kulwazi oludala. Iimfuno zeSiphendulo sesine semiqathango zinokungacaciswa.

Iimfuno Eziyintloko Zomxhasi Ofanelekileyo

Unobangela Ofanelekileyo

Umba ophambili wento ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na isicelo esigunyazisayo. Ifuna ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ukunikela izibakala kunye neemeko ezinokuthi zikhokelele umntu onolwazelelelo ekukholelweni ukuba ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho buza kufunyanwa kwindawo yokukhangelwa okanye ukuba umntu othile wenze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kwimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, kunokwenzeka ukuba kusoloko kubangelwa ngumsebenzi we-intanethi: umkrokrentsa othukileyo othunjiweyo okanye owabelanayo ngezinto zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo (CSAM), uthathe inxaxheba kumagumbi okuncokola okanye ii-mali ezinikezelwe ukuxhatshazwa, okanye ufunyaniswe kwiZiko lwesizwe lwe-ARCTYTRIP (NCMCM) ingxelo ye-AR.

INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yagxininisa ukuba isizathu esinokwenzeka kufuneka sisekelwe kwimo ezipheleleyo. Jonga [FLT]]] Isangos, 462]. Umzekelo, 213 [1983]. Kwii-'FLT''''' uphengululo lwabantwana oluxhatshazwayo]. Iinkundla ziyakuqwalasela ukuthembeka komthombo, ukuchanaba ulwazi, kunye nokufaneleka kwexesha lobungqina. Umzekelo, ubungqina bokuba u-Slektop CSAM kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo kodwa akhange azenzeki kulo msebenzi wakutshanje okrokrelekileyo qhathayo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuzilungisa okuqhubekayo okanye ukuzama ukufumana iinkonzo ezifihliweyo ezifihlakeleyo zingenza isiqinisekiso esingqiniweyo.

Isingqisho okanye isigungqi (Affidavit)

Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sixhaswe sisifungo okanye isingqiniso ```ngokuqhelekileyo, i-affidavit' ebhalwe ngesifungo ethunyelwe kumajijing. I-affiant idla ngokuba ligosa lomthetho elinolwazi lobunyani ngophando okanye elifumene ulwazi oluthembekileyo kwabanye. I-affidavit kufuneka imisele izibakala ezixhasa ityala elifaneleyo lolwazi. Ayixhomekei kuphela kwiingxelo ezingqubanayo okanye iingcamango. Kwimeko zokuxhaphaza kwabantwana, i-affidavit isoloko iquka: iinkcazelo zonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi, iidilesi ezidityaniswe kwi-intanethi ezirhanela, iirekhodi ezisuka kwimisebenzi yenkonzo ye-intanethi, ulwazi olusekelwe phantsi kwento efihlakeleyo, kunye nohlalutyo lwefayile ezaziwayo zeCSAM.

Iingxelo zobuxoki okanye ezilahlekisayo kwi-affidavit zingakhokelela ekucinezeleni ubungqina phantsi kwe umlinganiselo. Bona umgangatho. . [FLT] u-Flarev v. Delaware[, 438 U.S 15778]). Ukuba umtshutshisi uyakwazi ukubonisa ukuba u-affiant wenza ubuxoki ngabom okanye umbaxanduva oluyimfuneko ekufumaneni isizathu esifanelekileyo, inkundla ingabamba ukuva kwaye, ukuba izityholo zikho, zicime ubungqina obufunyenweyo.

Okuziinkozo

Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sichaze indawo ekufuneka iphengululwe, nabantu okanye izinto ezimele zibanjwe. Le mfuneko ikhethekileyo ikhusela imiyalelo jikelele.

Iinkundla ziphuhlise imilinganiselo yokufumana imvume yokuphendla ngamanani: imvume kufuneka ichaze ngokuchanekileyo iindidi zogcino-lwazi okanye iifayile ezizakubanjwa (umz., imifanekiso yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, ii-log, uluhlu lokuxoxa). Ezinye iinkundla zifuna inkqubela ezimbini: okokuqala, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kungathabatha isixhobo sonke; okwesibini, kufuneka bafumane isiqinisekiso esahlukileyo ukuphendla izixhobo ezithile zeefayile. Okanye, isiqinisekiso sokuqala singazichaza ngokwaso iprotocotho yokuphela kwe-ocendic ebekelwe abaphathi bemiqathango yokuhlola kuphela ezofayile ngokufanelekileyo ukuqulatha iCSAM.

Ukuqhelisela Iindlela Zokuxhatshazwa Kwabantwana

Ubungqina bamanani kunye nokugcinwa kombane

Uninzi lweemeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana zale mihla zibandakanya ubungqina bamanani: iikhompyutha, ii-cellphone, amacwecwe, ii-arhente zangaphandle, ii-akhawunti zamafu, kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi. Iingxelo ze-elektroniki kufuneka ziphendule iindlela ugcino-lwazi olugcinwa ngazo, olufikelelweyo, noludluliselwa ngazo. Umzekelo, imvume yokuphengulula indlu erhanelwayo yezixhobo zekhompyutha ifuna ukunyanzelelwa ukuba inyanzeleke ize kamva ihlole iingxelo ezikhoyo. Kodwa ukukhangela kwezikhongomisi zekhompyutha kumele kulinganiselwe nesizathu esithile.

Iinkundla ezininzi ngoku zifuna ukuba imfuneko yokuphengulula izixhobo zamanani kwimicimbi yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana zikhuseleke kwi- "ukunganyangeki okusengqiqweni" abaphathi-mikhosi bangafuneka ukuba basebenzise ukukhangela okuyintloko, ukuthelekisa ixabiso le-hash, okanye ezinye izixhobo ze-odoli zokukhetha i-CSAM ngaphandle kokuhlola iifayile zabucala ezingadibaniyo (njengee-imeyili okanye iirekhodi zezamayeza). Amanye amazwe aye amisela imimiselo ethile elawula ukuphengulula iziphumo ze-elektroniki zezixhobo zokukhangela kwiimeko zabantwana zamanyala, ebeka izivingco ezithiso ezongezo zomthetho ezifuna ukugcinwa komthetho ukuze kunciphelw'uhlazo lwe-data engekhona pronesi.

Iimpikiswano Ezininzi

Ityala lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana linqamleza irenti nemida yesizwe. Kulo lonke ilizwe, urhano lungahlasela ixhoba kwenye inkundla, okanye iCSAM lungafakwa kwiiseva kwilizwe lasemzini. Inkqubo yogunyaziso iba ntsokothe ngakumbi xa ubungqina bungaphandle kolawulo lwenkundla yokukhupha. EUnited States, iSigunyaziso sesine soMmiselo-Mdaba sisebenza kuphela ukuphendla nokuxhuzula phakathi kolawulo lwengingqi lwenkundla ekhupha inkundla. Urhulumente usebenzise i-"Squart" ukuqinisekisa okusemthethweni, ukunyanzeleka komthetho kungafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe isiqinisekiso phantsi koMthetho we-Vond Comforences Actives (18.S.712) okanye ukufuna isivumelwano esisemthethweni sokunceda ubungqina bezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe. Ngokuthe kgqenti, urhulumente usebenzisa kwakhona ulawulo lwesizwe nomthetho oluqhelekileyo, kodwa uphando oluqhelekileyo lwemeko lwabantwana, kodwa ulawulo oluqhelekileyo lwemeko lomthetho kunye nomthetho oluqhelekileyo.

Inkqubo yeNkqubo kunye noLawulo lwezomthetho

Inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwabantwana ngamatyala okuxhatshazwa idla ngokungqongqo kakhulu kunezolwaphulo-mthetho oluqhelekileyo. Izantlobano kunye nabagwebi baqeqeshelwa ukuqwalasela izicelo ngenyameko ngenxa yeziphumo ezinzulu zobumfihlo kunye nokukwazi ukucinezela. Abatshutshisi basoloko behlola ii-affidavits phambi kokuthobela ukuqinisekisa ukuba baquka izibakala ezaneleyo, baphephe ukubilisa ulwimi, kwaye bathobele imithetho yesizwe. Umthetho omninzi ufuna ukugunyaziswa ukuze unikezele ukuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo./iiiiingxelo ezibizwa ngokuba "buyiselo" iingxelo zento ezibanjiweyo kwaye xa kukhangelwa.

Kuphando oluphezulu olubandakanya amaxhoba amaninzi okanye imisebenzi eqhubekekayo engaphantsi komhlaba, ukunyanzelisa umthetho kungafuna "umyalelo wolwandle" othintela isiqinisekiso sokutyhalwa kummangalelwa kwixesha elithile. Imiyalelo yokunyusa iseyile inceda ekukhuseleni ingqibelelo yophando kodwa mayigwetywe ngokuboniswa kwemfuneko kunye nokulinganiselwa kwexesha. Ngokufanayo, "umthetho obekwe phantsi" iziqinisekiso ```aphoswayo'' apho urhulumente angawazisiqapheli ngoko nangoko umbandela wesiqinisekiso/akho maxa wambi isaziso esisetyenziswa kwimicimbi yokuxhaphaza abantwana xa isaziso esikhawulezileyo sibeka engozini uphando oluqhubekayo okanye amaxhoba okanye amangqina ayingozi.

Ulwazelelelo Olukhethekileyo Kumatyala Okuxhatshazwa Kwabantwana

Ukuncitshiswa Kwentlungu Nokukhusela Amaxhoba

Uphando lokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana lufuna ubuchule obugqithisileyo kwimpilo entle yamaxhoba. Xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusenziwa kwikhaya lorhano, basenokudibana nomntu orhanelwayo owenzakalisayo, amanye amalungu entsapho, okanye amaxhoba ngokwawo. Uphengululo olungelulo olufanelekileyo lungabangela intlungu eyongezelelekileyo. Amasebe amaninzi amapolisa anemithetho yokuqinisekisa ukuba udliwano-ndlebe luqhutywa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, ukuba amaxhoba awahlali phantsi konxibelelwano olungeyo nabaphandi, kwaye amaxhoba agcinwa eyimfihlo kuwo yonke le nkqubo.

Ezi zixakeko zikwachaphazela imfuneko yokulungisa. Umzekelo, imvume egunyazisa ukuphanjwa kwaso nasiphi na isixhobo sogcino lwamanani" kwikhaya apho ixhoba lomntwana elilixhoba lingafuna ukuquka amalungiselelo okwahlula izixhobo zexhoba kwizixhobo ezikrokrelekayo, okanye amacebo okubuyisa angebobungqina bomsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iinkundla zingabeka iimeko ekuphumezweni kwemvume, njengokufuna umphathi womthetho oqeqeshiweyo ukuba abe nolwazi lwexhoba ukuba abekho, okanye ukulinganisela ixesha lokukhangela kuqhutywa ngokukhawuleza.

I-Seva yeZixhobo zombane kunye nee-akhawunti zamafu

Ukwanda kweminxeba kunye neenkonzo zamafu kubangele iimfuno ezintsha ezisemthethweni zezicelo ezigunyazisayo. Isiqinisekiso sokuphendla isixhobo esiphathekayo asisoloko sigqithiselwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwingxelo yamafu afikelelekayo kwesi sixhobo. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi Riley v. IKhalifoniya, 573 U.S. 373 (2014, ibambe ukuba amapolisa angayiphenduli manani eziphumo zeselfowuni ukuze abambe ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso /nakuba i-octal metation ekhoyo. Lo mgaqo unwebela kwi-mvavanyo lwekhompyutha nefowuni: umthetho omele ube nesiqinisekiso sokuba i-data ethile ihlolwe, kwaye kufuneka isekelwe kwisiqinisekiso sokuba i-mouse eququququze i-data.

Kwimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, imvume isoloko igunyazisa uphengululo olucacileyo "lwee akhawunti zokugcina ii-imeyili, kunye nee-akhawunti ze-intanethi zonxibelelwano" ezinxulunyaniswa nomsebenzisi wesixhobo, njengokuba ezi ziqhelekile ii-reatries zeCSAM. nakuba, oku kungafuna ukuboniswa kokwahlukeneyo kwesizathu esinokwenzeka se akhawunti nganye okanye inkonzo, ingakumbi ukuba ubungqina obunxulumanisa ukukrokreleka kwingxelo ethile yelifu bubuthathaka.

Uhlolisiso Oluqhelekileyo

Xa izixhobo zibanjiwe, abavavanyi be-fonsic kufuneka banamathele kwimithetho engqongqo elawula ingqibelelo yobungqina nokuphepha ukugqithisa ububanzi bobungqina. Inkqubo ye-ocensic isoloko ibandakanya ukwenza imenu---bobbti yesixhobo (a "umfanekiso we-"ovensic") kwaye emva koko iphengulula umfanekiso usebenzisa izixhobo ezibonisa iCSAM hashes, zifumane iifayile ezicinyweyo, kwaye ichaze imbali ye-intanethi. Isiqinisekiso kufuneka sikhankanye ukuba umvavanyi uzakuphendla ngesixhobo "buphi na ubungqina bokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini," okanye kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zeefayile (umz., imifanekiso nevidiyo ezibonisa abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18 kwihambo ecacileyo yesondo).

Ngokubalulekileyo, abavavanyi be-fonsic abakhangeli nje zonke iifayile kwicebo ngaphandle kolunye uhlobo lophengululo olusikelele ububanzi bemeko. Ezinye iinkundla zimi ngelithi ukukhangela iCSAM ngokwemvelo kulinganiselwe kuba abavavanyi bakhangela iipateni ezithile (amaxabiso ehash, amagama efayile, imifanekiso ejongiweyo) enokuba ziyakwazi ukuphawula i-CSAM ngaphandle kokufuna ukhangelo olupheleleyo. Kodwa ukuba umthetho wokuphendla ubanzi kakhulu, umzekelo, ukuba umvavanyi ufunda yonke i- email noxwebhu `ikhusi ungaphikisa ukuba ukukhangela kugqithe kugunyaziso lwesiqinisekiso kwaye ubungqina bumele bucinywe.

Ucelomngeni Nenkqubela Yakutshanje

UCarpbate v. United States kunye nemfundiso yesithathu yeParty

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yonyaka ka-2018 . Inkundla yamkela ukuba urhulumente makafumane isiqinisekiso esisekelwe kwisizathu esinokwenzeka phambi kokufikelela kwindawo yeseli (CSSLI) ukusuka kwisithwali semikhala kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe okanye ngaphezulu. Isigqibo sala ukusetyenziswa kwemfundiso yesithathu yeqela lemfundiso, i-IP, i-IP iquka i-IP enika ulwazi olunolwazi olunesabelo kumntu wesithathu (njengomnxeba) ayikhuselwanga yi-mente ye-Phondo. Ngelixa linye ixesha [FTLT] [5]

Kuphando lwabantwana, ukunyanzelisa komthetho kusoloko kufuna ulwazi lomnikezi wenkonzo ye-intanethi, iinkonzo ze-imeyile, kunye namaqonga onxibelelwano lwentlalo-ntle. Emva ICardent, iinkundla ezininzi ezisezantsi zibambe ukuba isiqinisekiso /athonsipoena okanye umyalelo wenkundla phantsi kweSitore Sonxibelelwano, kufuneka iintlobo ezithile zogcino-lwazi, ezinjengeewebhusayithi ezityelelweyo okanye iidilesi ze-IP ezisetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile. Utyekelo olufuna izicelo zobungqina bomanani lumele luqhubeke, kwaye abaphengululi kwiimeko zokuxhaphaza abantwana kufuneka balungiselele ukufumana iimvume zokufumana uludwe olubanzi logcino-lwazi kunangaphambili.

Uguqulelo kunye nokufumaneka kwizixhobo

Olunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwiimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kukubhalwa kwekhowudi. Iimfonomfono kunye neekhompyutha zanamhlanje ezininzi zikhonjiwe ngokungagqibekanga, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusenokungakwazi ukufikelela idata ngaphandle konikezelo lomsebenzisi okanye i-biometric gconf. Izixhobo ezisemthethweni ezikhoyo ukunyanzela urhano lokuvula isixhobo sisenzeka ngoku. Iinkundla zahlula ilungelo lokuba uLawulo lweSigqibo seFind-Mbetho nxamnye nozinyo lobuqu lukhusela ukucingela ukunikezelwa kwekhowudi yokugqitha (umlinganiselo ongaphaya kwamandla) okanye ukuvula isixhobo esineminwe (ngokungenakuthelekiswa nalutho).

Kwiimeko ezininzi zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana, abanyanzeli bomthetho bafuna isiqinisekiso esiquka "ulungelelwano lokunyanzela" orhanelwayo ekuvuleni isixhobo, bephikisa ngelithi uHlaziyo lwesihlanu alusebenzi kuba isenzo sokunika ikhowudi asingqinwa okanye ngenxa yokuba iqumrhu le sigqibo se-arhenteneyo sele isazi icebo eliya kuba lirhanelwa kwaye mhlawumbi liqulethe i-CSAM) lisusa ilungelo. Le ndawo yomthetho ihlala ikhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye impendulo isenokungahluka-jikelezwa ligunya. Ezinye inkundla zikarhulumente ziye zathi ingunogunyazisa umntu ukuba abonise isixhobo kwaye anikeze ikhowudi yokudlulisa, ngexa abanye befuna umyalelo owahlukeneyo osekelwe ekubonisweni kwesizathu esifanelekileyo nemfuneko.

I-NCMEC neeNgxelo zeCybertipline

Inani elikhulu lophando lwabantwana abaxhatshazwayo liqala ngengxelo evela kwiZiko lesiZwe le-Constating Children (NCMEC) ukudlula kwiCybertipline yayo. Phantsi komthetho wesizwe (18.S.C. ^ 2258A), abanikezeli benkonzo ye-elektroniki kufuneka banikele ingxelo yokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana ngokwesini kwiNCMEC. UNCMEC ngoko bagqithisela ezi ngxelo kumthetho. Ukuma komthetho kwezi ngxelo (18.C.C.6) zingunobangela ofanelekileyo wokusetyenziswa kwe-RCRCRC.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ingxelo yeCybertipline iquka ulwazi olunjengedilesi ye-IP yomsebenzisi, inkcazo yoko kuqulethwe yiyo, maxa wambi imifanekiso okanye ividiyo. Iinkundla zisoloko zikholelwa ukuba ingxelo evela kwi-NCMEC, idibene namanye amanyathelo ophando (njengokuqinisekisa idilesi ye-IP nge-ISP kunye nokuhlola iingxelo zembali ze-IP zomkhalazo wangaphambili), zinganika nokwenzeka ukuba unobangela wokufuna ubungqina. Noko ke, abamangalelwa baye bavavanya ukuthembeka kwengxelo ye-NCMEC's, bephikisa ukuba iingxelo zinokusekelwe kuphawu oluphosakeleyo, olungagqibekanga, okanye ulwazi olungaphelelangaphelelanga. Urhulumente usoloko ukhankanyela ukuba iingxelo, xa uthelekelela, xa uthengiselela, wanelise unobangela oqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Iimfuno eziqinileyo zokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana nokuxhatshazwa kweemeko zolwaphulo-mthetho zinyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ongqongqo oya kukhusela umGaqo-siseko ngeli xesha kusenziwa uphando oluqatha lolwaphulo-mthetho olumandundu. Imfuno engundoqo ```ukungahoywa, ukufungisa okanye ukuqinisekisa,' kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo naziphi na izinto ezithe zangenwa zilwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwetyala lokuxhaphaza abantwana kunye nokubaluleka kobungqina bamanani kubangela iimfuno ezikhethekileyo. Ababhexeli-mali mabaqonde indlela yokuchaza isizathu esilindelekileyo kumanani, indlela yokulinganisela umlinganiselo wokuphengulula ukuphepha ukukhutshwa kweza, nendlela yokuqhuba izikhuselo ezongezelelo ezithi zifuna ukukhusela inkundla ezifuna ukuzikhusela kwaye zinciphise ukuphazamiseka.

Inkqubela-phambili yakutshanje, kuquka inyaniso , ukudideka, imingeni yokukhowuda, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengxelo ye-NCMEC, iyaqhubeka ilungisa indlela ezifunyanwa ngayo iimfuno kwaye ziphunyezwe ngayo. Iingcali zomthetho kunye namagosa omthetho kufuneka ahlale kunye nale milinganiselo ejikelezayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubungqina bungaqondakali, ukuba amaxhoba ayakhuselwa, kwaye amalungelo awo onke athenjiswa. Kuloo misebenzi ibalulekileyo, ulwazi olunzulu lomthetho womthetho wobulungisa aluyomfuneko yomthetho kuphela esemthethweni.