Ilizwe Elilawulayo Elinophahla Olusemthethweni EIndiya

Ukufumana umhlaba eIndiya kulawulwa ngokuyintloko ngokufanelekileyo kwiNkatho eLungelelayo kunye nokubonakala ngokuchanekileyo kwiZiko, ukubuyiselwa nokukhutshwa komthetho, 2013 (Umthetho we-RAR). Lo mthetho uthathe indawo yomthetho odala i-Act of Land Accounting Act ka-189494, ukuvelisa ulwandiso olucace ngakumbi, ukulingana, kunye nokusondela kwabantu abaphakathi. Umthetho we LAR ujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba abemi bafumana imbuyekezo ezifanelekileyo, ezichaphazekileyo kuhlaziswe kakuhle, kwaye inkqubo ihlala icace ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni.

Amalungiselelo Ayintloko Omthetho

I-RAR Act iquka amalungiselelo aliqela abalulekileyo enzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abanini-mhlaba kunye neentsapho ezichaphazelekayo:

  • Impembelelo yeMpazamo (SIA): Ufundo olunyanzelekileyo lokuvavanya iziphumo ezicetyiweyo zokufumana umhlaba phambi kokuba nasiphina isaziso sikhutshwe.
  • Iimfuno ezivumelanisiweyo: Kwimisebenzi yabucala, kuyafuneka ukuvuma ubuncinane ukusuka kuma-80% abanini-mhlaba abachaphazelekayo; kwiiprojekthi zobudlelane basekuhlaleni, ukuvuma ukusuka kuma-70% kunyanzelekile.
  • Ukunika imvume:[ Abanini-mhlaba banelungelo lokuhlawula ixabiso lentengiso kwimimandla yasemaphandleni nakane ixabiso lemarike kwimimandla yasedolophini, kunye ne-solatium nezinye iingenelo.
  • Ukwahlulwa komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuphinda ungabikho (R&R): Iintsapho ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zifumane iipakethe zeR&R eziquka indawo yokuhlala, umsebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Abaphathi bokhuphiswano lwelizwe: isithili ngasinye sinabaphathi abamiselweyo abajongene nokulawula inkqubo yokufumana nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nemfuno zomthetho.
  • Ukubuya kumhlaba ongasetyenziswanga: Ukuba umhlaba ofunyenweyo awusetyenziswanga iminyaka emihlanu, kufuneka ubuyiselwe kubaphathi bokuqala okanye kurhulumente.

Amanyathelo Kwinkqubo yokufumana Umhlaba

Inkqubo yokufumana umhlaba phantsi koMthetho we LARR ibandakanya amanqanaba amaninzi ahlukeneyo, enzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukubonakala, okusesikweni nokuthobelana komthetho. Ukuqonda la manyathelo kubalulekile kumnini-mhlaba, kubaphuhlisi nakubenzi bomthetho ababandakanyekileyo kwimicimbi yelizwe.

1. Ubungqina kunye neSaziso soQoqo

Le nkqubo iqala xa umbutho karhulumente okanye umbutho ogunyazisiweyo wobuqu uchonga umhlaba ofunekayo ngenjongo kawonke-wonke. Urhulumente unika ulwazi lokuqala phantsi kweCandelo 11 loMthetho we LARR. Esi saziso siquka iinkcukacha zomhlaba, injongo yokufumana, kunye nomhla wokuphikisa. Sipapashwa kwiiofisi ezisemthethweni zokujonga, amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni, kunye ne-pankachayat ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphakele. Abanini baneentsuku ezingama-60 ukusuka kwisaziso ukuya kuphikisa ifayile phambi komqokeleli.

2. Ukuhlolwa nokuvunywa kwentsebenziswano noluntu

Ngokuhambelana nemeko-bume, urhulumente uqhuba i-Social Impact Assessment (SIA) njengoko igunyazisiwe nguMthetho weLARR. I-SIA ihlola impembelelo yokufumana iintsapho ezichaphazelekayo, iindlela zokuziphilisa zongingqi, izakhiwo zoluntu, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Isifundo siqhutywa ngumbutho ozimeleyo omiselwe ngurhulumente. Ingxelo ye-SIA yenziwa kuwonke wonke, kwaye ukuchotshelwa kwabantu ngokubanzi kuqinisekisiwe. Ngokusekelwe kwi-SIA, urhulumente ugqiba enoba iprojekthi iyaphila kusini na kwaye ingaba imele iqhubeke na. Kwimisebenzi yobuqu kunye nonxulumano lwasekuhlaleni, ukufumana isivumelwano esifunekayo kurhulumente (80% okanye 70%) kumnini-mhlaba phambi kokuba ahambe.

3. Isibhengezo sokugqibela nokuzimisela

Emva kokugqiba i-SIA, ukuphendula izikhalo, nokufumana imvume efunekayo, urhulumente ukhupha isibhengezo sokugqibela phantsi kweCandelo 19 loMthetho we LAR. Esi sindululo sicwangcisa ngokusesikweni ukufunyanwa okuhambayo. Umqokeleli ngoko umisela intlawulo esekelwe kwixabiso lentengiso njengomhla wesaziso sokuqala.

  • Uluvo lwexabiso lentengiso: Kusekelwe kwixabiso eliphezulu lentengiso yomhlaba ofanayo kufuphi, umlinganiselo ophezulu wama-50% wemisebenzi yokuthengisa, okanye ixabiso elixhomekeke kwigunya lenkanunu likarhulumente, nokuba yeyiphi na ephezulu.
  • ISolatium: 100% yembuyekezo epheleleyo njengentuthuzelo yokufumana into enyanzelekileyo.
  • Iingenelo ezongezelelekileyo: 12% ngenani ukusuka kumhla wesaziso sokuqala de kube ngumhla wembasa.
  • I-R& inkxaso-mali: Intsapho nganye echaphazelekayo ifumana indlu, amathuba omsebenzi kunye nemali ehlawulwa ngexesha elinye.

Ibhadi kunye neNkundla

Xa kuthe kwagqitywa imbuyekezo, umqokeleli wenza umvuzo phantsi kwecandelo 23, echaza imbuyekezo kunye neR &R iipakethe kumnini-mhlaba ngamnye. Abaninimzi banikwa ithuba lokwamkela impesa okanye lokukhuphisana nayo enkundleni. Emva kokuba igqibile, urhulumente uthatha umhlaba. Kodwa ke, ukuba nemali ayinakuhlawulwa de kuhlawulwe ngokupheleleyo bonke abemi abachaphazelekayo.

Iinkcukacha zobalo lokuqulunqwa

Uqokelelo phantsi koMthetho weLARR uphake kakhulu kunemithetho yangaphambili. Ukubala kulandela indlela eneenyawo ezininzi:

  • Ixabiso lephawu lephawu: Inqunyulwe yisantya sesangqa, imisebenzi yorhwebo ebhalisiweyo, okanye ingxelo yomxhasi wexabiso elingonobuchule, nayiphi na enika ixabiso eliphezulu.
  • Ngokuthe tye: umhlaba wasemaphandleni ufumana ixabiso lentengiso eliphindwe kane; idolophu ifumana izihlandlo ezibini.
  • [[UMTL: 0] I-Sulatium: 100% yexabiso lemarike kunye nobuninzi.
  • Ingaphakathi: 12% ngenani ukusuka kumhla wesaziso sokuqala ukuya kumhla webhaso.
  • Imbuyiselo yokudityaniswa: 12% ngenani ngexabiso lentengiso ukwenzela ixesha loshenxiso.

Umzekelo, ukuba isiqwenga somhlaba wasemaphandleni sinexabiso lemarike yeRs. 10 lakhs, imbuyiselo ingaba yi-R. 40 lakhs (emva kokwandisa) kunye neR. 40 lakhs solatium, iyonke i-R 80, kunye , kunye nomdla kunye ne-R&R.

Ucelomngeni Kwinkqubo Yokufumana Umhlaba

Phezu kwako nje ukusetyenziswa komthetho, ukufumana umhlaba eIndiya kuseneengxaki eziphawulekayo ezibangela ukuba kucothe ukuvela nokubangela iingxabano.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhelekileyo

  • Ulibaziseko kwiNkqubo: Inkqubo ende yokuqhuba i-SIA, ukufumana imvume, nokucombulula impikiswano idla ngokuthatha iminyaka emininzi, ibambe iphulo elibalulekileyo.
  • Ichaza ngaphaya kweZihlomelo zeLizwe: iirekhodi zomhlaba, izibhengezo ezininzi zobumnini, kunye noziso oluhleliyo lwento zidala iingxaki ekuboneni ukuba bani na abafanelekileyo.
  • Imali elinganayo: Ngaphandle kwendlela yokulungisa, uhlolo lwexabiso lentengiso olusoloko luphantsi komhlaba onexabiso, olukhokelela kwiimpikiswano kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo. Abaninimzi basoloko beva imbuyiselo ayibonisi ixabiso lexesha elizayo lempahla yabo.
  • IiNkxaso zoHlaliso: Iintsapho ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo zinikela ingxelo yezindlu ezingentle, ukunqongophala kwamathuba omsebenzi, kunye nokuphazamiseka koluntu emva kokuphinda uthathe indawo.
  • Non-ingqinelana ne-SIA: Ezinye iprojekthi kuthiwa zidlula okanye zisebenzisa iziphumo zempembelelo yentlalo ekufumaneni, ukucutha injongo yomthetho.
  • I-Internective ekhoyo: ukufumana iLinda kusoloko kuba ngumba wezopolitiko, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvukeleni, ekubetheni, nakumadabi asemthethweni athe abangela ukuba imiboniso ilibazise.

Uphando lwetyala olubonakalayo

I- Akukho nto yokwandisa impikiswano efunyanwa emhlabeni ngumzekelo obalaseleyo apho amawaka abalimi akhuphisanayo kwinkqubo yokufumana, echaza imbuyekezo engafanelekanga nokuswela imvume efanelekileyo. INkundla ePhakamileyo ngo-201818 yakhupha ukufunyanwa komhlaba okwi-153 hektare e-Noida, ikhankanya ukungahambelani nemvume nemigaqo ye-LARR.

Enye imeko ebalulekileyo yiprojekthi yePosco e-Odisha e- ekwiprojekthi yentsimbi ekwi-odisha, eyajongana neminyaka yokuzikisa nokuqhatha okuvela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni kugcino-mhlaba noshenxiso. Le projekthi ekugqibeleni yarhoxiswa emva kokusilela ukukhusela indawo nelizwe, ibalaselisa ubunkimbi bemeko yentlalo nezoqoqosho ezifumaneka kwindawo yommandla omkhulu.

Utshintsho Nezinyathelo Zokuqala Zamanani

Ukuze acombulule ezi ngxaki, urhulumente waseIndiya uye wavelisa utshintsho oluninzi olujoliswe ekufumaneni umhlaba, ekupheliseni ukuvela komhlaba nokunciphisa iingxabano.

Ukwenziwa kwamanani kweengxelo zomhlaba

I-Digal Land Modernity Programme (DILRMP) ijolise ekuqokeleleni iingxelo zomhlaba kulo lonke ilizwe, izenze zifikeleleke lula kwaye zinciphe ubunikazi. Ama-United States anjenge Karnataka, Maharashtra, kunye ne-Gujarat aphumele ngokunempumelelo iinkqubo ze-intanethi zokushicilela, zinika abanini-mhlaba ithuba lokubona nokuqinisekisa iingxelo zabo naphi na. Oku kunciphisa iintengiso kunye nesantya sokufumana abemi belizwe ngexesha lokufumana.

Ukwenziwa kophuhliso lokunconywa

Urhulumente uzise ubuchule bokucacisa iwindow enye ukwenzela iiprojekthi ezisisiseko, kuquka ukufumana imvume yomhlaba. Inkqubo yeWindow eyodwa (NSWS) ivumela abaphuhlisi beprojekthi ukuba bafake izicelo ezininzi zemvume kwi-intanethi, banciphise ukulibaziseka kolawulo. Ngaphezu koko, PM GSATI National Program P [ ucwangciso lweprojekthi yomhlaba yokufumana iprojekthi yokucwangcisa ukuchaza nokusombulula imiba ekuveleni kweprojekthi ekuqaleni komjikelo.

Izixhobo Zokulungisa Imali Ezinyusiweyo

UMthetho we LARR unika ukusekwa kwe- Igunya lokubuyisa nokubuyisela umva iphondo kumgangatho wesithili wokungqubana. Amazwe amaninzi amisele amagunya anjalo ukuphelisa isigqibo sokuphikisana. Urhulumente ukwandulule nakwezi dilesi ze-intanethi ukwenzela ukukhupha imingeni yokukhupha ityala kunye nentlawulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umva wengxelo ukhomba.

Iimodeli zokulungisa umhlaba kunye nokulungisa umhlaba

Ezinye zithi njengoGujarat noMaharastra bazame ukudibanisa umhlaba kunye nemizekelo yokulungisa umhlaba, apho abanini-mhlaba banikela ngesabelo somhlaba wabo ukuze baphuhlise kwaye bafumane amaceba aphucukileyo ngokubuya. Oku kunciphisa imfuneko yokufumana okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa abanini-mhlaba ukuba bagcine ixabiso elithile ekuphuhlisweni. Abaphathi boPhuliso lwezikhundla (DDA) Ilizwe lePoling Policy[ ngumzekelo obalulekileyo ojongeneyo ukubandakanya abemi belizwe njengelungu elisebenza kunye kwinkqubela-phulo.

Amalungelo Abanini - mafa Nawokulungisa Imicimbi Esemthethweni

Abaninimzi belizwe abachaphazelekayo ngokufumana amalungelo aliqela kunye namanyango asemthethweni akhoyo ukuqinisekisa unyango olufanelekileyo nembuyekezo.

Amalungelo Ngaphantsi Komthetho WeLARR

  • Ilungile ukuvakala: Abaninimzwe bangafaka umva ekufumaneni kwintsuku ezingama 60 zesaziso sokuqala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Icala elilungileyo kwimbuyiselo elungileyo: Intethelelo yembuyekezo njengendlela nganye echaziweyo, iquka isolatium kunye nzala.
  • [[UMKL:0] Ekunene kwindlu nasemsebenzini: Zonke iintsapho ezichaphazelekayo zinelungelo lokufumana indlu namathuba omsebenzi njengenxalenye yeR&R.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ekunene ukuvavanya ibhaso: Abaninimzi bamazwe bangafaka isicelo phambi kweZikhundla zeLinda, ulungiso kunye noTshaziso okanye iNkundla ePhezulu icel ’ umngeni ixabiso lembuyiselo okanye ukufumaneka ngokwayo.
  • Ekunene ukubuya kumhlaba ongasetyenziswanga: Ukuba umhlaba ofunyenweyo awusetyenziswanga ngenjongo echazwe kwiminyaka emihlanu, abanini-mhlaba bangafuna ukubuya kwawo.

Izivumelwano Ezisemthethweni Zobanini - mhlaba

Ukuba umninimfama ucinga ukuba oku kufunyenweyo akuvumelekanga, imbuyekezo ayifaneleki okanye inkqubo ayilandelwanga, banokuthabatha la manyathelo alandelayo:

  • Uchaso lwefayile: Phoqa amathanda phambi komqokeleli ngexesha elichaziweyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Funa ulwazi: Sebenzisa Ilungelo kuLwazi (RTI) Act ukufumana iinkcukacha malunga neSIA, amanqanaba okuvuma, kunye nezibalo zembuyiselo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Yamkela iGunya: Isicelo phambi kweLand Accounting, Relation and Relation Remotion Government kwisithili.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-Application kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo:[[FT:1] Ukuba awunelisekanga, isibheno kwiNkundla ePhezulu okanye kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukusetyenziswa kwiNkundla yoLuntu (PIL): Kwimeko ezibandakanya ukwaphulwa kwemilinganiselo emikhulu, abemi bangafaka iPIL kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo okanye kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo.

Indima yabaGqibi nabaseMgaqo-siseko

Abasebenzi nabenzi bomthetho badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokufumana umhlaba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyavumelana neemfuno zomthetho nokukhusela izilangazelelo zabaxhasi babo.

Kubantu abanomthetho

Abalawuli abakhetha ukufumana indawo ethile kufuneka bahlaziywe ngokuhlaziywa kwemimiselo yakutshanje yenkundla. Bacebisa abanini-mhlaba ngamalungelo abo, bancedise ekuchaseni izicelo, bamele abaxhasi phambi kweGunyazo, kunye nokuphatha intetho. Iindawo eziphambili ekuqwalaselwe kuzo ziquka ukuqinisekisa iingxelo ze-SIA, ukubala intlawulo esesikweni, kunye nokucebisana kwabemi abaninzi.

Kwababhekisi phambili

Abaphuhlisi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba imisebenzi yabo iyavumelana namalungiselelo e-LARR Act, ingakumbi imfuno zokwamkela, kunye ne-R&R izibophelelo. Ukudibana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kwangoko, ukuqhuba i-SIA, nokugcina unxibelelwano olucacileyo kungakhusela iimpikiswano. Abaphuhlisi basoloko besebenza namaqela asemthethweni ukuqhuba inkqubo entsonkothileyo, ukufumana ingcwe, kunye nomhlaba okhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokulingwa.

[[UMTL: 0] Amachashtra Ilizwe Loshicilelo lwelizwe elinobuphakaxhaka inika ubuncwane obuxabisekileyo ukuqinisekisa izihloko zomhlaba kunye nokuqinisekisa iinkcukacha zobumnini, ezibalulekileyo kubabhekisi phambili ngexesha lokukhuthala.

Iindlela Nezincomo Zexesha Elizayo

Ukuthatha umhlaba eIndiya kuyajikeleza. Ukwenza inkqubo isebenze kwaye ilungele, kucetyiswa amanyathelo aliqela:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ulungelelaniso oluvunyelanisayo lwe-IA: uphatho lwe-SI-exent lwe-SI Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zicokisekile kwaye azinakugwetywa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka: Sebenzisa ukwenziwa kwemaphu kweGIS, ukuvingcain ukwenzela iirekhodi zomhlaba, kunye neezibuko zengingqi zengingqi zengingqi ukwenzela inkqubela yokufumana ukulungiselela ukunciphisa ukonakala nokulibazisa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iindlela zokufaka uluvo lobuxhakaxhaka: ezicace gca ukuqinisekisa imvume, kuquka utyikityo lwamanani kunye nokuva uwonke-wonke.
  • Ukuqinisekisa i-R& ukuhlola: kuseka iikomiti zokuhlola ezizimeleyo ukuqinisekisa iipakethe zokubuyisela zizalisekiswa ngokufezekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ilizwe elithe gqi: khuthaza imodeli zokuzithandela eziqokelela umhlaba apho kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa imfazwe.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukwazisa uluntu:[[FLT] Ihambo igcina iiprojekthi kwaye isasaze izixhobo zolwazi ukufundisa abanini-mhlaba ngamalungelo abo phantsi koMthetho we LARR.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwemisebenzi engcono, Aayti Aog ipapashe iingxelo ezingeenguquko zomhlaba, kunye ne Code yeIndiya inikezela ngokupheleleyo kokubhaliweyo kwe LAR Act kunye neziphelo zayo.

Isiphelo

Ukuqonda inkqubo esemthethweni yokufumana indawo eIndiya kubalulekile kubo bonke ababandakanyekileyo ekuthengisweni komhlaba. UMthetho we LARR ka-2013 unika isiseko esibanzi esilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zophuhliso namalungelo abemi kunye nabantu abachaphazelekayo. Ngoxa iingxaki ezifana nokulibala, iimbambano, nokungaphiswa kwemali okungapheliyo, utshintsho oluqhubekayo kunye namanyathelo amanani asetyenziswayo aphucula inkqubo. Ngokuhlala beyazi ngemithetho, iinkqubo, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yakutshanje, abanini-mhlaba bangawakhusela amalungelo abo, abaphuhlisi bayakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa, kwaye abenzi bezomthetho banokubonelela ukubonakalisa nokusebenza. Ekugqibeleni, inkqubo yokufumana umhlaba ecacileyo nokungena kulungele ukuphumelela inzuzo yoluntu nabantu ngabanye, ibangela uphuhlisolwazi oluqhubekayo oluqhubekayo ngexa kuhlonelwa amalungelo angundoqo abemi.