Indaleko Yamanani EIndiya Nongxamiseko Lokhuseleko Logcino - lwazi

Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-Indiya kwemivo ye-Indiya ngethuba lokuqala. Ngokusuka kwicandelo ngalinye lemali kunye nezonyango, kuye kwaguqula icandelo ngalinye ukuya kutsho kwi-ecommerce kunye nolawulo. Ukwanda kwee-cellphone, izicwangciso zogcino-lwazi ezingabiziyo, kunye nobuchule bokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-Dintellignethi zikarhulumente, kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa i-Indiya obuqhelekileyo be-Dintellignet buyenzele izigidi zabantu ngekhompyutha okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Ngokunjalo, olu cwangciso lwezikongongoma luye lwabangela ukuba kuqwalaselwe i-data eneentloko esemthethweni. Olu cwangciso lufuna ukulingana kwenzuzo yemali kunye nezoqoqosho ezingundoqo zezobuqu. Ukusebenza kwamashishini okanye i-Indiya, ukuqonda oku kwendalo esemthethweni akuyiyo elungele ukulawulwa yimeko-ogracrenti.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko: Ilungelo lokuba wedwa

I-lick lokhuseleko logcino-lwazi lwe-Indiya lugwebo lweNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi Justice K.Paswamy (Rettd.) v. Umanyano lwangaphambili lwe-Indiya) (2017). Kwisigqibo esidibeneyo, ibhentshi elisitho esisithoba egwebayo ivakaliswe ukuba ilungelo lokufumana imfihlo likwicandelo elingundoqo phantsi kweQumqu leSigqeba 21 loMgaqo-siseko (enene kubomi nenkululeko yobuqu). Oku kuwiswa kwemizekelo yangaphambili eyayishiye imfihlolo yezabo zobuqu njengenzala encinane ekhuselekileyo. Inkundla yaba nento yokuba ibandakanya imfihlolo yolwazi olululawulo olusemthethweni, iqhubekeka ngokungqalileyo, kwaye ikhokelele imigaqo esemthethweni. Imigaqo elandele imiyalelo esemthethweni i-data esemthethweni.

Ukusuka kwiKomiti yaseSrikrishna ukuya kuMthetho we-Digital Perfection Data

Emva kwesigqibo se-Ppassaswamy, urhulumente waseka ikomiti yeengcali eziphakanyiswe yiJaji B.N.Srikrishna ukulungiselela ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Ingxelo yekomiti yonyaka ka-2018 kunye nengxelo yezokuyila isalathisi yabeka isiseko sohambo lwemithetho eqhubekayo. Izindululo ezininzi zemali yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi zaziswa ePalamente, nganye ebonisa iingxoxo zenkqubo enjenge-data yogcino-lwazi lwengingqi, ukukhulula ukulungiselela ulawulo lukarhulumente, kunye nokuphathwa kwee-data engeyoyakho. NgoAgasti 2023, emva kokuhlola nokuzihlaziya okunzulu, iPalamente yadlulisa i-data yobuqu yokhuseleko, 2023 kunye neenkonzo ezithenjiweyo ezithenjiweyo ze-Indiya. Le nkqubo ithathe indawo yangaphambili yomgaqo-data kunye nomthetho wobuqu wolawulo lwamathethotho lwe-data.

Umahluko Ongundoqo KwiBhili Yangaphambili

Umthetho we-DPDP ushwankathe kakhulu kunezicelo zangaphambili, oqulathe amacandelo angama-38 kuphela xa kuthelekiswa nePDP BB ka- 112. Iinguqu eziphawulekayo ziquka ukuqwalasela okubukhali kugcino-lwazi lomntu ngamanani, isakhiwo esinomsinga ovumelanayo, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwegunya lokhuseleko logcino-lwazi elilula kakhulu [[FLT: 0] iBhodi yoKhuselo ye-Indiya [ exhasayo zombini]. UMthetho ungenisa izindululo ezicacisiweyo kunye nengcaciso ebanzi ye- “data fiduary". (into egqiba injongo kunye nendlela yokulungisa). Urhulumente ugcina amandla okukhulula imimandla ethile, eziye zazonwa zixhasa kwaye zigxeke zozibini.

UMthetho woKhuselo loMntu weNkxaso, 2023

Amathuba okuqhubekekisa ugcino-lwazi lobuqu

Phantsi koMthetho we-DPDP, ugcino-lwazi lobuqu lungacaciswa kuphela kwesinye seziseko ezibini ezisemthethweni: imvume okanye imvume ebonwa njengemvume [[ yemvume echaziweyo "esetyenziswayo" kuMthetho (njengomsebenzi, okanye uthothotho olusemthethweni). Ukuvunywa kufuneka kukhululeke, kucaciswe, kuqiniselwe, kwaye kucace, ngesenzo esicacileyo sentloko-data (umntu ngamnye). Isaziso kufuneka sinikelwe phambi kokufuna imvume, ukuchaza injongo kunye nendlela yokulungisa. Izenzo zithatha indawo ye-oyileyo “okanye ne-666" ukuvalwa kwemo elula, ukusetyenziswa kohlobo olusebenzayo olusebenzayo.

Amalungelo ayintloko ogcino-lwazi

Abantu (iintloko-siseko) banikwe iqela lamalungelo aquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] ekunene kulwazi: Iinkcukacha zesicelo malunga nemisebenzi yokuqhubekekisa.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukulungisa nokuqinisekisa: Ulungiso olufunwayo lwe data engachananga okanye ukucimeka xa injongo iphunyezwa.
  • [[UMTL:0] ekunene ukukhupha izikhalazo: izikhalazo zefayile kunye ne-data egqunyweyo kwaye, ukuba ayilungiswanga, nebhodi yokhuselo logcino-lwazi.
  • [[UMTL:0] ekunene ukuthatha inyathelo: Ukumisela umtyunjwa ukusebenzisa amalungelo kwisiganeko sokufa okanye ukungabikho kwentloko yenqanawa.

Ilungelo lokukhutshwa kogcino-lwazi nelungelo lokulityalwa ngezantsi. Elikhoyo kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili, alifakwanga kuMthetho wokugqibela, isigqibo esiye saxutyushwa ngabaxhasi bobusese.

Imisebenzi yogcino-lwazi

Imisebenzi eqokelela kwaye icwangcise idata yomntu ngamnye (iindawo zokugcina inkcukacha) kufuneka:

  • Inkqubo yokulungelelanisa ugcino-lwazi kuphela ngenjongo ezisemthethweni, ezingqalileyo neziyimfuneko.
  • Ukusebenzisa ukhuseleko olusengqiqweni kukhusela ukuqhekeza.
  • Yazisa ibhodi yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi lwalo naluphi na ulwahlulo logcino-lwazi lobuqu, kunye neentloko-lwazi ezichaphazelekileyo.
  • Yeka ukugcina ugcino-lwazi xa injongo izalisekisiwe, ngaphandle kokuba ukukhumbula kufunwa ngumthetho.
  • Phoqa isaziso esiziinkcukacha zemfihlo kwaye utyumbe igosa elikhusela ugcino-lwazi kwiimeko ezithile (umz. “iindawo zogcino-lwazi zobubhali” njengoko zaziswe ngurhulumente).

Ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi lwangaphakathi kunye nokudluliswa komnqamlezo

I-DPP Act isebenzisa indlela elula kakhulu kugcino-lwazi lobulali xa ithelekiswa needrafti zangaphambili. Ivumela ukudluliswa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu ngaphandle kwe-Indiya, kodwa urhulumente anganika iindidi ezithile zogcino-lwazi olunovakalelo olumele lugcinwe ekhaya. Lo mThetho awugunyazi ukwenziwa koluntu olupheleleyo, isiqabu kwiinkampani zomhlaba wonke. Noko ke, urhulumente osembindini ugcina amandla okuthintela ukudluliselwa kumazwe athile ngenkqubo yokwazisa. Oku kujolise ekulinganiseni inkxalabo yokhuseleko nemfuneko yogcino-lwazi olukhululekileyo kwizoqoqosho lwehlabathi lonke.

Isalathisi solawulo kunye nonyanzeliso

Umthetho we-DPDP umisela ibhodi yokhuseleko ye-Indiya (ibhodi) njengelungu elingundoqo lobuso. Ngokungafaniyo nolawulo lokhuseleko logcino-lwazi olucetyiweyo ngaphambili, iBhodi ayingomlawuli osebenzayo kodwa liqumrhu eliphethe izikhalazo nezigwebo. Imisebenzi yayo iquka:

  • Ukuncitshiswa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu nokungahambelani.
  • Ukubeka isigwebo semali esifikelela kwi - 76250 creaty (malunga ne - USD 30 ezigidi) ngenxa yokwaphula umthetho okuphawulekayo.
  • Izenzo zokulungisa ezingqalileyo.

Ibhodi ilindeleke ukuba isebenze ngesakhiwo esithelekisayo, igxininise kunyanzelo kunokuba kumiselwe umthetho obhaliweyo. Oku kuye kwabangela ingxubusho yokuba isakhiwo sinika ukhokelo olwaneleyo kushishino okanye sixhomekeke kakhulu kwizigwebo zokwamkelwa. Lo mThetho ukwanelisa amalungiselelo emisebenzi yokuzithandela, ukuvumela amaqumrhu ukuba alungise oko kutyholwa ukwaphula umthetho phambi kwemicimbi esesikweni.

Uthelekiso nokhuseleko logcino-lwazi jikelele (GDPR)

I-DPDP Act yaseIndiya iphenjelelwa yi-GDPR ye-European Union kodwa ixhomekeke kwindawo ekujongwa kuyo izinto eziza kuqala kwaye ilungelelaniswa nemekobume yendalo yaseIndiya.

  • [[[NTL:0] Umlinganiselo okhoyo: Zombini zisebenzisa naliphi na iqumrhu elilungiselela ugcino-lwazi lwabemi be-EU; i-DPDP iSivumelwano sogcino-lwazi lwezoshishino lweentloko zama-Indiya ngokunxulumene nokunikela okanye iinkonzo.
  • Imodeli ye- imodeli yeKonte: GDPR ifuna imvume ecacileyo kugcino-lwazi olunovakalelo, ngelixa i DPDP Act isebenzisa imodeli elula yokwamkela ngemvume enconyelweyo yemisebenzi esemthethweni.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Igosa lokhuseleko logcino-lwazi: I-GDPR igunyazisa i-DPO kwimibutho emininzi; i-DPDP Act ifuna i-DPO kuphela kwiibhari zogcino-lwazi ezibalulekileyo.
  • I-GDPR ihlawulwe ukuya ku 4% yojiko lwehlabathi ngonyaka; i-DPDP Act yoonobumba kwi-6250 crore (malunga ne-0.5% ye-i-injini ezinkulu) kodwa inyuka ngokuchasa.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ilungile: GDPR iquka ukungabikho kwezibuko kunye nelungelo lokulityalwa; iDPDP Act iyawashiya ngoku.
  • I- Ukwenziwa kwe-Data: GDPR ayigunyazi ukwenziwa koluntu; i-DPDP Act ishiya ucango luvulekile ukwenzela imiyalelo yonikezelo lwexesha elizayo.

Amashishini ase-GDPR[6] azakufumana ungqamaniso olubalulekileyo neemfuno zamaIndiya, nangona uMthetho we-DPDP ukunika amalungiselelo akhethekileyo ````````Inkqubo ye-nomine''''' kunye nemvume ethathwa njengenguqu-"--"demand inguqulelo ezilungisiweyo.

Imali kunye noncedo

Omnye weyona migaqo ye-DPDP ngurhulumente wayo wesohlwayo. Lo mthetho uchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokwaphula umthetho kwaye unika izigwebo eziphezulu:

  • Ukungaphumeleli ukuzalisekisa izikhuseli zokhuseleko: ukufikelela kwi-crive engama-692.
  • Ukungaphumeleli ukwazisa ulwaphuko lwedata: ukunyukela ku-645200 cref.
  • Ukungahambisani namalungelo enqununu yedata: ukufikelela kwi - 76200 crore.
  • Olunye ulwaphuko: lufikelela kwi - 7650 kwisiganeko ngasinye.

Ezi zigwebo zibalwa njengepesenti yojiko logcino-lwazi lwehlabathi lonke, olubekwe kwizixa ezichaziweyo. Ngaphezu koko, lo Mthetho unika ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho okwenziwa ngabasebenzi bogcino-lwazi abangoovimba, nangona eli candelo ligxekwe ngokunokuthi likwazi ukubekwa kogcino-lwazi olungaphaya kokwenza iimpazamo. IBhunga liza kukhupha imigaqo echaza isigwebo, kwaye lo Mthetho uvumela inkqubo yokubhenela kwiTelecom Disputes Soultmentes kunye neAppellate Trinal Trital (TS) kwaye ekugqibeleni kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo.

Iingxaki Neengxaki

Nangona inkqubela, uMgaqo-nkqubo we-DPDP ujongene nocelomngeni oluninzi lokuzalisekisa:

  • Ubuchule kwimithetho: Lo Mthendeleko unika urhulumente osembindini amandla ukwenza imithetho kwimiba emininzi, kuquka ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi, ukungqinelana komphathi wendawo, kunye neenkqubo zokwazisa zokwaphula. De le mithetho igqitywe, amashishini kufuneka asebenze kwimeko yokungaqiniseki.
  • Intengo karhulumente: Lo Mthendeleko uvumela urhulumente ukuba akhulule “iinkcubeko zikarhulumente” kumalungiselelo akhe ezizathu zokhuseleko, ulawulo, okanye ucwangco lukawonke-wonke. Abameli bengingqi balumkisa oku kungenza inkqubo emibini eqokelelwa ngurhulumente apho ugcino-lwazi lwabemi lufumana ukhuseleko oluncinane.
  • Ukuqaphela okungaphucukanga: Amaziko amaninzi amancinci naphakathi eIndiya aswele ubuncwane bokuzalisekisa ukhuseleko logcino-lwazi olomeleleyo. Umthwalo wokuthobela loMthetho ungawachaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente unika inkxaso yokwakha.
  • [[NTL:0] Idlala nemithetho yamacandelo: Eminye imimiselo `njenge-IT Act, 2000 (ekufutshane kuthathelwe indawo nguMthetho we-Indiya obizwa ngokuba yi-Digital Act), i-RBI igunyazisa ugcino-lwazi lobulali, kunye noMthetho woLawulo lwezogcino-lwazi lwezempilo (opolla ngoMthetho we-DPDPPPP. Ukuququzelela phakathi kwabalawuli kusemsebenzi oqhubekayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Umthamo wokwandiswa: Ibhodi yokhuselo logcino-lwazi ilindeleke ukuba iphathe umthamo omkhulu wezikhalazo kunye nezaziso zokwaphuka kunye nezibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwimisebe, ubugcisa, kunye nemithetho ecacileyo ye-proccole.

Ukujinga-jinga kogcino-lwazi lolungelelwano lwehlabathi lonke

Umthetho wogcino-lwazi wokhuseleko lwaseIndiya uyinxalenye yentsingiselo yomhlaba wonke kulawulo olunamandla lwezobucala. Umthetho we-DPDP odluliselwe kumda we-data uza kuchaphazela iinkampani zangaphandle ezixhomekeke kugcino-lwazi lwabasebenzisi bamaIndiya. Ii-Indiya ezininzi eziphuma kwamanye amazwe sele zifake inkxaso kwisiseko solawulo. Kwakhona zicebisana ngokuqwalaselwa kweenkqubo zobuqu nezinye imigaqo, ezinokuthi zikwazi ukukhulula ukuthunyelwa kwedata. Ukufikelela kwe-Act ```````ishishini''' ngokuqhelekileyo lizinza ngaphandle kokuba linemiqathango (*') kodwa lishiya umnyango uvule imimiselo yokukhusela iRashiya okanye iTshayina. Iinkampani kufuneka zijonge izicwangciso zokusebenza phantsi kwecandelo 16 ukuhlala ngaphambi kwemiqathangono.

Ukongezelela, uMthetho we-DPDP uza kuphembelela ulwakhiwo logcino-lwazi oluneenkqubo ezitsha eIndiya. Iziqalo kunye neefemu zobugcisa kufuneka zikhusele ugcino-lwazi olufakweyo ngoyilo, olunokwandisa iindleko kodwa kwakhona lwandise ukuthembana kwabathengi. Ukuchukumisa okulula ekuhlaleni kogcino-lwazi nokubonakala okungakhutshelwanga komthetho-algorithm kunokubonwa njengokuxhasa ulwakhiwo-lwazi olunobuchule kulawulo lomntu ngamnye.

Ikamva: Izicombululo Nendawo Egudileyo

UMthetho we-DPDP asilogama lokugqibela kodwa sisakhiwo esiphilayo. Urhulumente uzibophelele ekuhloleni izihlandlo ezithile kwaye sele ebonise iinguqu ezinokwenzeka. Imimandla engundoqo omawuyijongile:

  • [[Ukwahlula-hlula: 0] Ukwenziwa kwemithetho: Imithetho yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi lobuqu, 2024 (isihlenga phantsi kokhangelo) izakuba nenkcukacha zemisebenzi emininzi, kuquka imigangatho yomphathi wemvume, iilayini zokwazisa, kunye nemigaqo yemiqathango yogcino-lwazi olubalulekileyo.
  • Idigital India Act: Umthetho wamanani obanzi uyabhalelwa ukuthatha indawo yoMthetho we-IT, ukugquma i-intanethi, ityala lomncedisi, nogcino-lwazi olungelulo lwabantu. Oku kungadibana noMthetho we-DPDP.
  • utoliko lwezenkonzo: Inkundla zizakulungisa amalungiselelo oMthetho, ingakumbi malunga nokukhulula kukarhulumente kunye nobungakanani benkqubo “yokusetyenziswa kwe-Ppaswamy.” Imodeli yePlataswamy iza kuqhubeka ikhokela uhlolo lwezomthetho.
  • Imithetho yomgangatho wesizwe: Amanye amazwana agqithise eyawo imithetho yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi (umz., iKarnataka’s draftical kugcino-lwazi olungelulo lwabuntu). Ukudlala nomthetho osembindini kungadala intsonkothile.
  • umanyano lwezizwe ngezizwe: UMthetho we-DPDP yaseIndiya uzakucatshulwa kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo adwelise imithetho yawo yangasese. Impembelelo yawo idlulela ngaphaya kwemida yaseIndiya.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okufumana Ukhuphiswano

Imigaqo-nkqubo ecwangcisa ulwazi lomntu wase-Indiya kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuvumelana noMthetho we-DPDP:

  1. Coca uphicotho-zincwadi logcino-lwazi: Chaza ukuba bubuphi ugcino-lwazi lobuqu oluqokelelweyo, kungenxa yeziphi iinjongo, indlela olugcinwa ngayo, nokuba lwabelana nabo.
  2. hlaziya imigaqo-nkqubo yangasese kunye nenkqubo yokuvuma: Isaziso esiqinisekileyo sicacile, sifinyele, kwaye sinikezelwe ngesiNgesi okanye ngolwimi olukhethwa ngumsebenzisi. Ingqokelela evumelayo kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho yoMthetho wamahala, ocacileyo, nocacileyo.
  3. [[UMTHETHO: 0] Ukhuseleko lokhuseleko olufakelwayo: ukwamkela ukuvulwa kombhalo ovunyiweyo, ulawulo oluqinileyo, kunye neeplani zokuphendula. Lo Mgaqo awunikezi milinganiselo ethile kodwa ulindele “uqheliselo lokhuseleko olufanelekileyo.”
  4. Lungisa isaziso sokwaphula: Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zangaphakathi ukufumanisa nokuxela ulwaphuko kwibhodi yokhuseleko logcino-lwazi kwaye zichaphazele iintloko zedata kwixesha elifunekayo (ngoku kufuneka zichazwe kwimithetho).
  5. sayina umphathi wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi: Ukuba umbutho wakho ‘ uyi-data elungileyo' (i-criteria ezakwaziswa), misela i-DPO ehlala eIndiya.
  6. Review Curream dard translate translate : Imaphu apho kuthunyelwa khona i-data yobuqu yama-Indiya, kwaye qwalasela ukuba nayiphi na imiqathango karhulumente iyasebenza. Lungiselela iimfuno zonikezelo lobulali.
  7. [[UMTL:0] Abasebenzi abaqeqeshayo: ukhuthazo logcino-lwazi kufuneka ludlulele ngaphaya kwamaqela asemthethweni ukuya kubunjineli, urhwebo, kunye nabaxhasi.
  8. [[UMTL:0] Ukubekwa kwemida: uhlaziyo lweMonitor olusuka kuBulungiseleli bobuGcisa boomatshini bombane kunye nobuChwephesha (uMasi) kunye nebhodi yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kudliwano-ndlebe noluntu xa kunokwenzeka.

Isiphelo

Uhambo logcino-lwazi lwe-Indiya lokukhusela impumelelo ukusuka kwilungelo lomgaqo-siseko ukuya kummiselo obanzi ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wokusetyenziswa kwasemthethweni kwi-mini ekhula ngokukhawuleza. I-International Data Personal Protection Act, 2023, inika isiseko esiqinileyo, ilungelelanisa ulawulo lwawo lobuqu neemfuno zeshishini nezombuso. Noko ke, impumelelo yomthetho iya kuxhomekeka ekuphuculeni kwemithetho, amandla eDatalogtebon Board, kunye nenkcubeko lokuthobela ulawulo lwawo woluntu nolwabantu. Njengoko i-Indiya iqhubeka iqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwayo lwe-DPDDDPPPP lungasayina amalungelo angaphezulu kwewaka eliyibhiliyo kuphela kodwa kwana nentetho yomhlaba ekulawuleni kogcino-data. I-Shalers kufuneka ihlale iphakalisiwe, ilungele ukusetyenziswa, ilungele ukusetyenziswa, ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokwenziwa.

Uqhagamshelwano lwangaphandle: