Isebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni linye yezona ntsika zibalulekileyo kodwa ezisoloko zingahoywa zentlalo-ntle yoluntu. Ngelixesha izibhedlele neeofisi zoogqirha zijolise ekunyangweni kwesifo ngasinye, la masebe asebenza ngokufihlakeleyo ukukhusela izifo, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha okusempilweni, nokukhusela abantu bonke kwiingozi zemekobume kunye nongxamiseko. Ukuqonda oko isebe lempilo lenu lengingqi lenu lenu likwenzayo kunokukunceda ukuba wenze eyona misebenzi ilungileyo, uhlale usazi ngeengxaki zempilo yoluntu, kwaye kwanegalelo kwiziphumo ezingakumbi zempilo yabantu.

Liyintoni ISebe Lempilo Yasekuhlaleni?

Isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni lisebenza kwingingqi, kwisixeko, okanye kumgangatho wamazwe amaninzi ngokuthunywa kokukhusela nokuphucula impilo kawonke-wonke ngokwendlela elisebenza ngayo. EUnited States, kukho amasebe empilo amalunga nama-3000 asekuhlaleni, ngalinye elinceda abantu abasuka kwiidolophu ezincinane zasemaphandle ukuya kwiindawo ezikhulu. Iimbopheleleko zabo zibanzi, zigubungele yonke into ukusuka ekuhloleni iivenkile zokutyela, ekuqhubeni iikliniki zokugonya ukusukela ekulandeleni iziphumo zezifo ezasulelayo.

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni angowona mbandela wokuqala wokunxibelelana kwiinkonzo zempilo kawonke-wonke. Asebenza ngokusondeleleneyo namasebe ezempilo karhulumente, amasebe karhulumente afana amaCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni. Ngelixesha iinkonzo ezithile zoluntu zingafani ngendawo, onke amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni alawulwa yimiqathango engundoqo eyila indlela yoqheliselo lwempilo kawonke-wonke.

Imisebenzi ye-Core yamaSebe e-Ofisi

Umsebenzi wesebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni ungahlanganiswa kwimimandla emininzi esisiseko. Le misebenzi ingundoqo iqinisekisa ukuba umbutho uthetha ngezona ntswelo zicinezelekileyo zempilo yoluntu lwawo ngeli xesha ulungiselela iingxaki zexesha elizayo.

  1. Imfundo engundoqo noKhuthazo[[UMTL:1]
  2. Iinkonzo zovuselelo
  3. [[UMTL:0] Ulungiso oluzenzekelayo noMphetho [[UMTL: 1]
  4. [[UMTL:0] Impilo entle ye-[[FTL:1]
  5. [[UMQONDISO:0] Uqokelelo lweData nohlalutyo[[UMQONDISO:1]
  6. Uphuhliso lobuPolitiki kunye noMsebenzi weNtlalo-ntle yeNtshona Koloni]

Nganye kwezi ndawo ibaluleke ngokufanayo yaye isebenza kunye ukuze kuveliswe inkqubo yempilo kawonke wonke.

Imfundo yempilo nokukhuthazwa

Imfundo yempilo imalunga nokunika abantu amandla ngolwazi nobuchule abafuna ukubenza ukuze benze izigqibo ngolwazi malunga nempilo yabo. Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni akhula aze asabele iintlobo ezininzi zezinto zemfundo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuhlamba izandla ukuya kukhokelo olubanzi lokulawula iimeko ezinganyangekiyo. Kwakhona aqhuba iinkqubo zoluntu ezijolise kubemi abakhethekileyo, njengabazali, asebe, nakumakhaya afumana ingeniso ephantsi.

Iinkqubo zokufumana ikhommuni yophando ziyinxalenye engundoqo yemfundo yempilo. Ezi ziquka iiverhe zokutya okunesondlo ezifundisa iintsapho indlela yokulungiselela ukutya okusempilweni ngoqingqo-mali, iiklasi zokutsha ezinika unyango lokucebisa kunye nonyango lwentshongo, kunye namaphulo okuqonda impilo engqondo anciphisa ukuhlazeka nokudibanisa abantu kwimithombo. Amasebe amaninzi asebenzisana nezikolo ukunikela iziphumo zempilo ezifanelekileyo, ukugquma imixholo efana nokufikisa, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, nokuqhuba ngokukhuselekileyo.

Unxibelelwano lwamanani luye lwaya lusibaluleka ngakumbi. Ngoku amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni asebenzisa ijelo lee-intanethi, amaphephandaba e-imeyili, kunye neewebhsayithi zokwabelana ngenkcazelo esexesheni engexesha lomkhuhlane, izifo ezibangelwa ziingcongconi, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwemiqhaphu.

Iinkonzo zokukhusela

Ukukhusela kusebenza kakhulu yaye akubizi mali ingako kunonyango. Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni anikela uludwe lweenkonzo zokukhusela ezilungiselelwe ukuhlasela iingxaki zempilo kwangoko okanye azithintele ngaphambi kokuba ziqalise.

Iinkqubo zokonyusela mhlawumbi zezona zibalulekileyo zoncedo lokukhusela. Amasebe ezempilo aqhuba iikliniki zogonyo lukawonke-wonke zabantwana, abantu abadala, kunye nabakhulileyo, eqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyakwazi ukufikelela kwi-inshorensi. Zilandela iinkqubo ezinconyelwe yiCDC kunye neKomiti ye-Advisory kwiMicimbiso ye-Immunization (ACIP). Ngexesha lokuqhambuka, njenge-mathisi okanye i-petusis, amasebe anokumisela iindawo zokhuselo-mgamgatho kaxakeka aze afundise uwonke ngokubaluleka kokukhusela umhlambi.

Iinkonzo zokubonisa zinceda ekuboneni iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nomhlaza othile ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Amasebe amaninzi ezempilo asekuhlaleni anika uhlolo olukhululekileyo okanye oluphantsi lwe-colesterol, iglucose, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Adibanisa uvavanyo lomhlaza, kuquka ii-mammograms, i-Pap squares, kunye nee-colonoscopies, ngokufuthi zisebenzisana nee-kliniki-cell okanye amaziko ezempilo asekuhlaleni ukuze zifikelele kwi-acription ekhoyo egciniwe.

Ezinye iinkonzo zokukhusela abantwana ziquka ukutyelela abantwana, ii-arhente zokunyamekela abantwana, kunye nokucebisa ngezondlobongela koomama kunye neentsana. Amanye amasebe alawula iinkqubo ezifana WIC (Amabhinqa, Iimveku, kunye nabantwana), ezinika isongezelelo sokutya kunye nemfundo yempilo kwiintsapho ezifanelekileyo.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwamaxa athile Nokusabela

Xa kufikelelwa intlekele, amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni akwindawo ephambili. Aceba ukuphendula ngendlela ebanzi elungelelaniswe nezibhedlele, abaphendulayo, kunye namanye amaqumrhu karhulumente. Ezi zicwangciso zigubungela iziganeko ezininzi, kuquka iintlekele zemvelo ezinjengeenkanyamba neenyikima, ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezinjenge-COVID-19 okanye umkhuhlane, kunye neziganeko ze-biotheris.

Icebo lokuphendula elipheleleyo iquka iprotocol ze:

  • Ngokukhawuleza sasaza izinto zonyango kunye nemithi yokugonya
  • Ukubeka ezinye iindawo zokunyamekela abantwana xa izibhedlele zixinene
  • Ukunxibelelana nenkcazelo ecacileyo nechanileyo noluntu
  • Abasebenzi bezonyango nabasebenzi bokuzithandela
  • Ukuqhuba imithambo yokubhola neyokwenza imithambo ephezulu ukuze kuvavanywe ukulungiselela

Ngexesha lengxaki, amasebe ezempilo awenza asebenze iziko lawo longxamiseko aze asebenze ngemini yonke ukuqwalasela imeko, ukuqulatha amanyathelo, nokunika ukhokelo kuluntu. Kwakhona alandela indlela esasaza ngayo isifo, alungelelanise uvavanyo kunye nokuqhagamshelana, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba abantu abangakhuselekanga bafumana inkxaso efunekayo.

Impilo Yokusingqongileyo

Imekobume inendima enkulu kwimpilo, yaye amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni amele ahlole aze alawule oothunywashe abanokugulisa abantu.

Uhlolo lokutya luyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yomsebenzi wezonyango lokusingqongileyo. Abahlali bahlola iivenkile zokutyela, iilori zokutya, iivenkile zevenkile, kunye neekhefisitishi zesikolo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayavumelana nemithetho yempilo ephathelele ukugcina ukutya, ukulungiselela, nokuphatha. Xa isifo esibangelwa kukutya sivela — nokuba sivela kuSalmonella kwimveliso okanye kwivenkile yokutyela — isebe lezempilo lihlola umthombo, lisebenza ngosungulo lokulungisa ingxaki, kwaye alibangeliseli uluntu.

[[NTL:0] uhlolo lomgangatho we- lulunye uxanduva olubalulekileyo. Amasebe ezempilo avavanya iinkqubo zamanzi okusela kawonke-wonke, imithombo yabucala, namanzi okuzonwabisa afana namachibi angcolileyo anjengentsholongwane, isikhokelo, kunye nengcoliso yemichiza. Anyanzelisa umgangatho wamanzi akhuselekileyo phantsi koMthetho we-Gradive Meater Act kwaye akhupha ii-adiskosi xa ungcoliso lufunyenwe. Akwalawula iinkqubo zokunganyibilikisi kunye nokulahlwa kwamanzi amda wamanzi asemhlabeni.

Ezinye iinkonzo zempilo ezikhoyo ziquka ukuhlola amadama okuqubha kunye namasta ukuze kukhuseleke yaye kukhuselwe ugutyulo, ukugada umoya osendlwini kwizakhiwo zikawonke wonke, ukuphembelela ukukhukuliswa kwemingxuma eyingozi yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma.

Ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi kunye nohlalutyo

Ngaphandle kolwazi, impilo kawonke-wonke ingaba iphaphazela. Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni aqokelela aze ahlolisise inkcazelo ngezifo, indlela yokuziphatha, ukuchanabeka kwemekobume, kunye nokukwazi ukufikelela kwimpilo.

Uhlolo lweHealth kunye neengxelo zizixhobo eziphambili zokuqokelela ugcino-lwazi. Amasebe aqhuba uhlolo lwempilo yoluntu rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa, ngokufuthi kunxibelelwano nezibhedlele kunye nabanye abagcini-mali. Ezi ziphando zichaza eyona ngxaki yempilo ecinezelekileyo, njengamanani aphezulu okutyeba okanye ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-opioids, kwaye anceda ekunikeni oovimba ngokunempumelelo.

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni anika ingxelo yezifo ezinokuboniswa kumasebe alawulayo, athumela ugcino-lwazi kwiCDC. Le nkqubo yokuhlola ivumela amagosa oluntu ukuba alandele iziphumo zesiqhelo, ahlole indawo evelayo izisongelo, kwaye avavanye ukusebenza kokungenelela. Umzekelo, inkcazelo emalunga nokugula okufana nomkhuhlane inceda ukuxela ubunzulu bexesha lomkhuhlane kunye nokunconywa kwegonyo elikhokelayo.

Iingxelo ezikhoyo, ezifana neengxelo zonyaka ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini okanye ukuxhaphaka kwezifo ezingapheliyo, ukunceda amalungu oluntu kunye nabenzi beenkqubo bayazazi iindawo zempilo zasekuhlaleni. Amasebe amaninzi ngoku anikela iibhodi ezinxibelelanayo kwii-webhsayithi zawo apho abahlali banokuhlola inkcazelo efana neziphumo zokuzalwa, ukulala esibhedlele, kunye nexabiso le-COVID yezifo.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko yeNkcubeko yeNtshona Koloni

Ngaphandle komphambili wemisebenzi, amasebe amaninzi empilo asekuhlaleni anikela iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe uluntu lwawo.

  • Iinkqubo zonyango lwabantwana kunye nolwabantwana : Ukutyelela ekhaya oomama abatsha, ukuncancisa inkxaso, iiklasi zokukhulisa abantwana, kunye nokuvavanya ukukhula kweentsana kunye nabantwana abancinane.
  • [[NTL:0] Impilo ekhoyo kunye neekliniki ze-STD: uvavanyo oluyimfihlo kunye nonyango lwezifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini, uvavanyo lweHIV, PREP (pre-preprophylaxis), kunye nocetyiswa-zicwangciso zentsapho.
  • I-'ubstance' isebenzisa iinkonzo zengxaki': Iinkqubo ezifunekayo zotshintshiselwano, usasazo lwe-naloxene, iikhompathimenti zonyango oluncediswayo, kunye nemfundo kawonke-wonke ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kakhulu.
  • ulawulo lwesifo seChronic: iiklasi zokulawula isifo seswekile, iinkqubo zokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuxhasa amaqela kwiimeko ezifana nesifo sentliziyo nesifuba.
  • [[NT.0] Iinkonzo zempilo yentoli zezemfundo: iimvavanyo zokubona nokuva, iinkqubo zokuqinisa amazinyo, kunye nokusebenzisana nabongikazi basezikolweni ekuthobeleni ukugonywa nokulawulwa kwezifo ezisasazayo.

Ukubonelela nokusekwa kwamaSebe empilo

Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni axhaswa ngemali ngomxube wesizwe, wesizwe, kunye nowemithombo yasekuhlaleni. Ukwakhiwa kwemali echanileyo kuyahluka-hluka. Kumaphondo amaninzi, amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni axhomekeke kakhulu kwirhafu yempahla kunye noqingqo-mali lwengingqi. Umanyano lunika inkxaso engakumbi kwiinkqubo ezifana nokukhusela, ukulungiselela ungxamiseko, kunye nempilo yomntwana kamama.

Ngokutsho kwe i-National Association of County and City Health Actives (NACKO), inkxaso-mali yamasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni ijongene nocelomngeni olubalulekileyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo. Ukunqanyulwa kohlahlo, ukunyuka komlinganiselo wobungakanani bemali, kunye neemfuno ezikhulayo ziye zanyanzela amasebe amaninzi ukunciphisa abasebenzi, umlinganiselo wenkonzo zangasemva, okanye ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimiqathango engenakuxhaswa. Ukuqonda ezi nkonzo kunceda kucacisa isizathu sokuba ezinye iinkonzo zinokuba neeyure ezilinganiselwe okanye zilinde amaxesha.

Ngokwesiseko, amasebe empilo asekuhlaleni angalungiselelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Amanye ayinxalenye karhulumente wengingqi, amanye ngamaziko azimeleyo, kwaye kwezinye imimandla, izixa-mali ezininzi zabelana ngesithili esinye sempilo. Ibhodi yolawulo, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yibhodi yempilo, isenokuquka amagosa anyuliweyo, iingcali zezonyango, kunye nabameli bengingqi abamisela iinkqubo zesebe nabavelela umsebenzi wesebe.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Neziko Lempilo Lasekuhlaleni

Nangona linendima ebalulekileyo, amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni ajamelana nocelomngeni oluninzi oluqhubekayo oluchaphazela amandla awo okunceda asekuhlaleni ngokunempumelelo.

  • Ukungazinzi okuzinziyo: Amasebe amaninzi asebenza kuqingqo-mali oluqinileyo kwaye asengozini yokusikwa ngexesha lokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho. Isifo seCOVID-19 sabalaselisa indlela eyaphulwa ngayo iminyaka yokungakhuselwa.
  • Ukunqongophala komkhosi womsebenzi : Iliza lokuthatha umhlala-phantsi phakathi kweengcali zezempilo zikawonke-wonke ezinamava, zidibene nemivuzo ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa necandelo lobuqu, liye ladala ukukhutshwa nokubuyiselwa kwengxaki. Amasebe amaninzi azama ukugcwalisa isazi nge-epidemi, umongikazi, kunye nezonyango lwemekobume.
  • Iingcinezelo zobupolisa nezezentlalo: Izigqibo zempilo yoluntu, ingakumbi ngexesha longxamiseko, zinokusetyenziswa kakhulu. Amasebe ezempilo asenokujongana nokunyanzeleka kwemiyalelo yesigqubuthelo, iimfuno zokugoma, okanye ukuvalwa kwesikolo, nto leyo ekwenza kube nzima ukuzalisekisa amanyathelo asekelwe kubungqina.
  • Iqondo lokwahluka : izithinteli-mpilo ezingokwentlalo — njengobuhlwempu, ukunqongophala kwezithuthi, nokusikelelwa kokutya okunesondlo — kudala ukungalingani okuqhubekayo. Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni kufuneka acombulule ezi zizathu ngeli lixa esebenza kwimiqathango yawo.
  • [[NTL:0] Izisongelo ezijikelezayo: izifo ezintsha neziphinda ziqhambuke, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufana nobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nomlilo odubulayo, kunye nobhubhani weOpioid osoloko evavanya amandla esebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni ukuqhelanisa.

Indlela Yokufumana Nokuncedisana neSebe Lempilo Lasekuhlaleni

Kulula ukuncedisa kwisebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni kunokuba ucinga. Nazi izinto eziluncedo onokuzenza ukuze uxhase iinkonzo zabo uze uncede abantu basekuhlaleni.

  1. Ukutyelela i-website yawo esemthethweni: Amasebe amaninzi ezempilo asekuhlaleni agcina i-website enenkcazelo ephezulu kwiinkonzo, iiyure zekliniki, iziganeko ezizayo, uvulo lomsebenzi, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwempilo kawonke-wonke. Jonga amacandelo ekugonyeni, kwiingxelo zokutya, kunye neenkqubo zoluntu.
  2. Badibane ngqo: Ukuba unombuzo okhethekileyo — ofana nendawo ongafumana kuyo uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 okanye indlela yokufaka isikhalazo ngevenkile yokutyela — mxengce okanye i-imeyili isebe. Abaninzi baye banikezela iilayini zomnxeba ukwenzela impilo entle, ukuxela ngezifo, kunye nombuzo wabathengi.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Ithengisele kwisiganeko sempilo entle okanye soluntu : Amasebe empilo asoloko efumana okanye aba nenxaxheba kwimiboniso yempilo yasekuhlaleni, kwinqwelo-moya yokugoma, nakwizibhedlele zemfundo. Ezi ziganeko ziyindlela enkulu yokufumana izihlo ezikhululekileyo, ukubuza imibuzo, nokunxulumana nabasebenzi bempilo kawonke-wonke.
  4. Lungela umsebenzi okanye amatsha - ntliziyo: Ukuba unomdla kumsebenzi kwimpilo kawonke-wonke, amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni anika amathuba kubongikazi, abafundisi-mpilo, iingcali ngezifo, kunye nabasebenzi besebe. Izikhundla zokuzithandela, njengokuncedisa kwikliniki zokugoma okanye ukunceda ekuphumeni kwebutho, nazo ziyafumaneka.
  5. [[NKQUBO:0] Iziphumo zentsingiselo: Amasebe amaninzi ezempilo aqhuba uhlolo kunye nohlolo lwempilo yoluntu. Igalelo lakho linokunceda ukubumba izinto eziza kuqala kwaye liphucule iinkonzo. Yiya kwibhodi yezonyango okanye ungenise iimpendulo kwi-intanethi ukuze ilizwi lakho liviwe.

Isiphelo

Lisebe lempilo lasekuhlaleni elingaphezulu kakhulu kunesakhiwo apho ufumana khona umkhuhlane. Yintlangano enamandla esebenza yonke imihla ukukhusela izifo, ukukhusela imekobume, ukulungiselela iimeko zongxamiseko, nokukhuthaza impilo entle kulo lonke uluntu. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi yayo nokuxhasa umsebenzi wayo, ungaphucula kungekuphela nje impilo yakho kodwa nempilo yakho. Yiba nolwazi, sebenzisa iinkonzo ezikhoyo, uze ucinge ukuba ubandakanyeke — kuba inkqubo yempilo ekhoyo kawonke wonke iyasinceda sonke.