Uqhatha-qhatha okuhlala kusenye yezisongelo ezizingisileyo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi ehlabathini lonke. Ngeli xesha uninzi lonyulo luqhutywa kakuhle, kwaneziganeko ezizodwa zobuqhetseba zinokuphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu kwaye zibangele ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobuqhophololo, izikhuselo ezicetyelwe ukuzithintela, kwaye iingxaki ezizinzileyo zokukhusela ingqibelelo yonyulo ziyimfuneko kubemi, abaqululeki bemithetho, nakubaphathi bonyulo ngokufanayo. Eli nqaku linika ushwankathelo olunzulu, olunzulu lwenkohliso yonyulo, iingcambulo zalo, iindlela zokuzikhusela ezingokwembali, kunye nendima yobugcisa ekukhuseleni ibhokisi yebhoti.

Buyintoni Ubuqhetseba Obubangelwa Bububundlobongela?

Urhwaphilizo oluqukelele intlukwano yemisebenzi engekho mthethweni ecetyelwe ukulawula iziphumo zonyulo. Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka ngaphambi, ebudeni, okanye emva kokuvota kwaye zisenokubandakanya abavoti, abavoti, abachongi, amagosa onyulo, okanye amaqela esithathu. Injongo engundoqo yokuqhatha kukugqwetha ukubonakaliswa ngokukhululekileyo nokusesikweni kokuthanda kwabavoti. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Ukufakelwa kobuqhophololo: ukuphosa ibholathi ngaphantsi kwegama lomnye umntu, mhlawumbi ngomntu okanye ngokugqitha kwi-colot. Nangona kunqabile, uphando lwe Brennan Center yeJaji luqikelela ukuba ukuqhatha kokulinganisa kwenzeka ngesantya esisezantsi kakhulu, ngezantsi kwe-0.01% yamavoti.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukulayisha izithuba: Faka iibhola eziqhathayo ezithe kratya kwibhokisi yokuvota okanye ukusebenzisa amanani evoti ye-elektroniki. Oku kwakuyingxaki enzulu ngokwembali kwezobupolitika zomatshini, njengakwixesha lonyulo oludume kakubi luka-1960 eChicago.
  • [[NTLA:0] Ukuthenga ngokungxama: Ukukhupha imali, iimpahla, okanye iinkonzo zokuvota. Ixhaphake kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zedemokhrasi kunye nabaxhasi bezobupolitika, apho amaqela asebenzisa iinethwekhi zokuxhasa inkxaso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Abavoti abakhokelayo: Ukulahla ulwazi olungelulo olungeyonyaniso malunga neenkqubo zokuvota, iindawo, okanye ukungalawuleki kokucinezela ubhaqo-bhaqo oluphosakeleyo okanye iibhola ezingangqalanga. Ngexesha lonyulo 2016 U.S., umzekelo, iibhathi zezixhobo zonxibelelwano zasasaza iiyure zokuchola ezingachananga.
  • Ukurhoxisa ngokubhalisa: ukungenisa ubhaliso lwenkohliso (umz., usebenzisa abavoti abafileyo okanye iidilesi ezingezizo) kwiiroli eziza kukhutshwayo, ezinokusetyenziswa ngokungekhoyo kubhaqo olungekhoyo okanye ukwenza inkangeleko yokubhabha.
  • [[NTL: 0] Inkohliso ye-Abuse bloet: ukubhalisa okanye ukutshintsha iiposi ezikwibhola ezincinane, ukutyikitywa kwesayina, okanye ukuvuna iibhola ezikhutshwayo ukusuka kubavoti ababuthathaka. Oku kuye kwaba yindawo ephambili yengxoxo njengee-vhotoo.
  • Ukulawula ugcino-goqo lwevoti: Ukujija okanye ukuphazamisa ngokoqobo ngomatshini abafumana ivoti, okanye ukuguqula isoftware ukuba ivote. Iimeko ezingacacanga ziquka 2000 “ibhola ekhatywayo” impikiswano eFlorida, nangona leyo yayiyimpazamo yokuyila kunokuba ibe yinkohliso.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba asizizo zonke iimpazamo zonyulo ezibuqhetseba. Iimpazamo, iimpazamo zolawulo, kunye neentlekele zendalo ezinokubangela ukuqhatha naxa kungekho njongo yolwaphulo-mthetho. I-U.S. IKhomishini ye-Implation [ igcina izikhokelo zokunceda umahluko phakathi kokuqhatha nokungabinabuchule.

Imbali Yobuqhetseba

Ubuqhetseba obubangelwa kukuqhatha bunembali ende nengcolileyo, ngexesha ngalinye kusenziwa iindlela neehlazo ezahlukileyo ezathi zaphembelela indaleko yemigaqo yonyulo.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

Phambi kokuba ukwamkela ngokuxhaphakileyo abasebenzi basesemfihlekweni, ukuthenga nokuboyikisa kwakudlangile. Kwiwaka le-18-century yaseBritane, “amarhafu avulekayo” avumela abemi bezityebi ukuba balawule izihlalo zepalamente ngokunyoba. Ngokufanayo, emva kwe-Civil War America, unyulo lokwakha kwakhona eMzantsi lonakaliswe lugonyamelo, irhafu yerhafu, kunye nokwebiwa kweebhokisi zomgunyaziso. Unyulo lomongameli we-1876-U.S. u-Hayes noSamuel Tild babala athetha ngamanani amaninzi akhuphisanayo abavoti, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekurhoxisweni komfako lwe-18777, eyaphela ngokuneyo i-Compligion.

Amatyala Aphawulekayo Enkulungwane Yama - 20

  • unyulo lomongameli wase-Mexico lwangonyaka we-1991: Ukubekwa kwemiqathango yokuvota okuphazamisayo yi-Institutional Revolution Party (PRI) yayisasazekile. Inkqubo yekhompyutha eyabala ukuba amavoti “aphoxekile” xa umvotisi wobupolisa uCuauhtémoc Cárdenas wabonakala ekhokela; xa wavulwayo, umvoteji wePRIAlos waphumelela. Le ngxaki ifuna ulawulo oluzimeleyo, ekugqibeleni eyafika ngokudalwa kweSiko seFedera Ellectoral (IFE) ngo19909.
  • Fiippines 2004 “Msawulo Garci” ihlazo: incoko egqunywe ngocingo phakathi koMongameli Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo kunye nomphathi wonyulo wacebisa ukusebenzisana ekuguquleni amanani evoti. Eli hlazo labangela ukuba abantu abaninzi baqhankqalaze kwaye labala ukubaleka kwemibutho emikhulu, esasazekileyo.
  • uBukumkani bomnyaka obumanyeneyo 2005 “Urhwebo lweposi olunemityikityikihlo”: Kunyulo oluninzi lwasekuhlaleni, amaphulo acwangcisiweyo aqokelela inani elikhulu leevoti zeposi phantsi kweemeko ezithandabuzekayo. IElectoral Reformation Society yabhala amatyala apho abameli bafaka amaqela entlobo zesayini ngokutyikitywa ngenkohliso, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqinisweni kwemithetho yevoti.

Iingxaki Zangoku

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, unyulo lobukhombolo luye lwantsonkotha kwaye lwahlukana. Unyulo lwama-2020 lomongameli wase-U.S. lwabona imingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili yomthetho kunye nokuqhatha okusasazekileyo, nangona uphicotho-zincwadi namatyala enkundleni ama-60(60) lungafumani bungqina bokusebenzisa imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo obunokutshintsha isiphumo. Endaweni yoko, uhlolo luye lwajoliswe kwinkcazelo ephosakeleyo kwaye luzame ukuphazamisa, zombini ezo ngxaki zasekhaya kunye namazwe angaphandle. Ngokutsho kophando lweziko- Brennan , ukuqhatha okunekwayo okushicilelweyo okushicilelweyo okunokunga.

Ukukhuselwa Kubuqhetseba Obuqhelekileyo

Ukukhusela ukuthembeka konyulo, ulawulo-melo lwakha ukhuseleko olulayishwe ngeendawo ezininzi olusebenza kwiqonga ngalinye lenkqubo yonyulo. La manyathelo awagqibekanga, kodwa adityanisiwe enza uqhathako olukhulu lube nzima kakhulu ukubulala ngaphandle kokufunyaniswa.

Iimfuno zokwahlula

Amazwe amaninzi afuna uhlobo oluthile lolwahlulelo kwivoti. Imithetho ye-Voter ijolise ekuthinteleni ukuzimilisa kwindawo yokuvota. Noko ke, akwanempikiswano kuba iimfuno ze-ID ezingqongqo zingasusa i-ID yabambalwa, abalupheleyo, kunye nevoti ephantsi evoti engenanto zi-ID zikarhulumente. Isitshixo silungelelanisa ukhuseleko nokufikelela. Ezinye i-ofisi ze-Akhawunti, njengaseKhanada kunye namazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, zinika amakhadi e-ID yoluntu akhululekileyo kubo bonke abemi, ngelixa abanye, njengeqela elincinane le-U., lixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yemithetho karhulumente eqeshiweyo. [[FLT:].U.

Iinkqubo zokuDibanisa eziKhuselekileyo

Ubugcisa bokukhupha ipeyinti buye bavela kwiphepha lophicotho-zincwadi (elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi) ukukhongoza ngqo oomatshini bombane (ooonomatshini bombane (ooonomatshini bokulinganisa iliso, kwaye, kwiindawo ezimbalwa, i-Internet, ukuvota. Inkqubo nganye iza ngorhwebo-okanye. Iphepha lomatshini linika umkhondo ophathekayo kodwa linokusetyenziswa kakubi okanye lifakwe. Oomatshini aba-DRE basebenza kunye nomsebenzisi kodwa bagxekwe ngokungeyo ngenxa yokungafumani rekhodi yephepha elikhoyo, kwaye abaninzi ngoku baquka uphicotho lwephepha olunexabiso (VVPAT). Imigangatho yegolide, ngokutsho konyulo olufana nokhetho lweVredityaniswe yi-sccolot track ephawulwe yinkqubo yephepha elibhalwe ngesandla yi-okiptic, idityaniswe novavanyo lovavanyo lovavanyo lokhetho olukhoyo.

IMithetho yoPhicotho-zincwadi

Umzila wophicotho-zincwadi yingxelo evumela amagosa onyulo aqinisekise ukuba ubalo lwevoti oluxeliweyo luhambelana nezona zivoti zikhoyo. Uphicotho-zincwadi lweposi lokhetho . olufana nencwadi echaza amasampuli angaqhelekanga eengingqi , ```Iimeko''''. Ngoku lubalulekile ekufumaneni ubuqhetseba okanye iimpazamo. Uphicotho-manani olubeka engozini, olulungisa ubungakanani obusekelwe kulwalamano olusondeleyo logqalwano, luthathwa njengolona lukhulu lwezibalo. IColorado, iRhode Island, kunye nezinye ezimbalwa zeU.S.

Ukuqeqesha Nokugweba Abasemagunyeni Bokhetho

Imposiso yomntu nezisongelo ezingaphakathi zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhatha. Amagosa okhetho kufuneka afumane uqeqesho olucokisekileyo kwiinkqubo zokhetho ezikwitsheyina, ihambo yomvoteli efanelekileyo, nendlela yokusabela kwizenzo ezingaqhelekanga. Iindlela zokukhangela zemva, ezingezozocaka, kunye noqeqesho lwemigaqo-nkqubo yoqeqesho lunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamisa koomphetho. Kumazwe aseMelika, oonobhala borhulumente abajongene nonyulo, ezinyuse inkxalabo ngemilo yokhetho; amanye amazwe endaweni yoko abaphathi beefashoni kwimisebenzi ezimeleyo, njengaku-UK naseIndiya.

Amanyathelo Okuthintela Kukhetho Lwanamhlanje

Ngaphandle kwemigaqo esisiseko, unyulo lwanamhlanje lusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha, ezikhuthazayo ukuze luthintele ubuqhetseba ngaphambi kokuba buvele.

Ubhaliso lwezibonelelo zekhompyutha ngoqinisekiso

Inkqubo yokubhalisa kwi-intanethi inganciphisa iimpazamo kunye nokuqhatha ngokuqinisekisa i-data efaka isicelo ngokuzixhasa ngokuzenzekelayo echasene nee-data ezivela kumasebe emoto, kukhuseleko loluntu, nakwamanye amasebe karhulumente. Ezi zixilonga iflegi iphinda ibhaliswe, iidilesi ezidityaniswe kwiindawo ezingezizo, kunye notyikityo olungangqinelaniyo. Amazwe amaninzi asebenzisa iElectronic Brigister Information Center (ERIC), ingeniso engancedisi luncedo ekugcineni ulwazi oluchanekileyo, olucocekileyo. Noko ke, i-ERIC ibikwayixhoba leeeeeeeeeeeeprojectal projectives zolution, ukubala ityala likawonke.

Imfundo Kawonke-wonke Nokubonisa ngaphaya

Ukucebisa abavoti ngendlela yokuvota, indawo yokuvota, noko bafanele bakwenze ukuba bakrokrele ukuba okungahambelani kungumlinganiselo ongundoqo wokukhusela. Amaphulo okufundisa kawonke-wonke `njengethi “Bona Into, Yithi" imigca eshushu, isikhokelo, kunye nezilumkiso zemivoti malunga nokuguquka kwendawo. /amandla abemi asebenza njengeendawo zokulinda. Ukubonakala gcaba kwakhona kuvela ekuvumeleni ababukeli be-Rospheration nabangeyo abangeyo isigaba sombutho, kunye nabahloli behlabathi (umz., OSCE, Carter Center), ukuqwalasela iqondo ngalinye lonyulo. Kulo. S., 202020, babona abacuphi bonyuli-ophelo-okanye abaphambili abangaphezulu-40 000 kumazwe athetha nge-Proji.

Ukuzilolonga kogcino-lwazi nokufunyaniswa kobuchule

Amagosa okhetho ngoku asebenzisa i-software yokhetho ukuphawula utyikityo olukrokrelekayo kwibhola ekhatywayo (umz., ibhola ezininzi ngombhalo omnye), izikhonkwane ezingaqhelekanga kubhaliso lwalo suku olunye, okanye iifayile zovoti ezinezicelo ezininzi zobuyiselo lwebhola. Ezi zi-alytics zikwafumana imigudu elungelelanisiweyo yokufaka ubhaliso olufihlakeleyo kwidilesi enye ye-IP. I-New Jersey Division of Evolutions, umzekelo, isebenzisa inkqubo ye-proprietary symss kutyikityo olunokuba lungahambelani.

Ikhayin-o- Yesixhobo Sokulawula Iposi

Ukuvota iposi kuye kwakhula, ingakumbi emva konyaka wama-2020. Ukuthintela ukuqhatha iposi, ulawulo lwe-bart codet luye lwasebenzisa ugcino-rekhodi lwe-bart yemvulophu nganye, uqinisekiso losayino olusemgceni, nokusetyenziswa kwe- “ballotte willbox" engaphantsi kwama-24/7 ookreqo. E-Oregon, apho ukuvota iposi bekukho jikelele ukususela ngo-1998, isantya sokuqhatha besingathwalisela ngenxa yezi mithetho ebekwe phantsi. Ingqungquthela yesizwe yeLegislaturess inika iziphelo ezibhaliweyo zemithetho yesizwe [

Ucelomngeni Lokucombulula Ubuqhophololo

Phezu kwazo nje izinto ezikhuselayo, imiqobo emininzi ithintela ukuphangwa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuchasa Neepolitiki Nokuthotywa Kweziphakamiso

Imilinganiselo yokuthintela ubuqhetseba idla ngokusetyenziswa. Elinye iqela linganyanzela imithetho engqongqo ye-ID yokuvota, liphikisane ngayo iyimfuneko ukuphelisa ubuqhophololo, lo gama iqela elichasayo lisithi imithetho yenzelwe ukucinezela ukubhaqwa. Oku kuhlaziywa kwenza kube nzima ukuzalisekisa utshintsho olusekelwe kubungqina. Umzekelo, iingxoxo ezingaphezulu kweH.R. 1 (i-Act yabantu) ngo-2021 zabonisa izahlulo ezinzulu zokufikelela okanye ukuqinisa ukhuseleko kumele kuthathe indawo yokuqala.

Ukuthandabuza Nokungaqiniseki Kwabantu

Amaphulo olwazi oluphosakeleyo anokuphelisa ukuthembana konyulo naxa kungekho buqhetseba. “ubuxoki obukhulu” bokuba unyulo lwama-2020 e-U.S. bebiwa lwakhokelela ekunyulweni kwemithetho emitsha yokuvota engqongqo kwamanye amazwe, kwaye, ngokuyingozi ngakumbi, kuhlaselo lwe-Cwangciso-zincwadi lwe-Ccapitol. Ukupheliswa kwe-Gastia kufuna ukunxibelelana kukawonke-wonke kumagunya onyulo, iinkqubo zobucukubhede, kunye nentsebenziswano kumaqonga eendaba ukuze babhale okanye basuse iingxelo zobuxoki.

Akukho Zinto

Ii-ofisi ezininzi zonyulo zasekuhlaleni zisebenza ngoqingqo-mali olungqongqo. Iimatshini zokuvota, ukuqesha iingcaphephe zezobugcisa, ukuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi lwasemva kokhetho, kunye nokuqeqesha abasebenzi bokhetho bonke bafuna inkxaso-mali. Iziko leDemocracy & Technology liphawule ukuba amagunya amaninzi axhomekeke kwi-albhusayithi ephelelwe lixesha enokuba sengozini yokuqhekeza. Inkxaso yoncedo lwaseMelika Vote Act (HVA) inceda kodwa isoloko iza neentambo ezidityaniswe kuyo yonke iminyaka.

Ubuchule bobugcisa

Njengoko unyulo luqhubeka lusebenza, umphandle wohlaselo wanda. Ukuvalwa kwee-database zobhaliso lovoti, ukukhanyelwa kwe-okanye-i-service kuhlaselo lonyulo kunyulo lwee-website zokubika ngobusuku, kunye nokunokwenzeka kwe-maware kwiimatshini zokuvota kuyaqhubeka kuxhalabisa. Ukungenelela kweRashiya, okwajolise inkqubo yobhaliso kumazwe angama-21, kwabonisa ukuba abachasi bangaphandle bajonga isiseko sonyulo njengexhoba elithambileyo. Ngoxa oomatshini abaninzi bengadibaniselwanga kwi-intanethi, ukuphatha uhlaziso lwe-feminoloji kunye namagqabibi eenkuphe ee eenkuphelo yenkumbulo ukuze balalanise ukuba imithetho engqongqo ayilandeli.

Indima Yobuxhakaxhaka Bobuxhakaxhaka

Ubuxhakaxhaka likrele elinamacala amabini, lidala amaqhuma amatsha kodwa likwanezixhobo ezinamandla zokukhusela nokufumana.

Umatshini wokubala osekelwe kwiblockchain

Ubugcisa beblockchain bunika indlela ekwaziyo ukukhusela ukuphanda ukuvota. Kwinkqubo yokuvota enqanda ukhuseleko, ivoti nganye iba yi-efihliweyo “block” edityaniswe neyangaphambili kumphathi woluntu. Nayiphi na imigudu yokuguqula ivoti iyakufuna ukutshintsha zonke iibloko ezilandelayo, yenza ubuqhetseba obukhulu. Iprojekthi yesikhokelo iqhutywe eNtshona Virginia (kwilizwe laphesheya komkhosi wamajoni), i-Utah, kwaye kwanakuchola kwamazwe kumazwe afana ne-Estonia, esebenzisa i-scan ukwenzela inkqubo yayo yokuvota (i-ivoti) ye-intanethi isenokuyivala i-okisa. Abagxeki abachain baphawula ukuba abathinteli ingxaki engundoqo yokuzithethelela uvoti kwindawo yokuqala, kunye ne-vneraritaire kwisixhobo somxhasi (g.ev, ev.

Uqinisekiso lomlinganiselo wendalo

I-bimetrics +ifigs-fixel, i-isss, i-iscan yobuso, ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuvota okanye ekuqinisekiseni izicelo ezingekhoyo. Inkqubo ye-Aadhaar ye-adhaar, eyona siseko se-data ye-biometric ID yehlabathi, inxulumene nokuvota. EGhana, oomatshini bokulinganisa i-biometric ekhoyo kwizitishi zokuhlola ngokulandelelana kwemeko-imbali. Noko ke, iinkqubo ze-biometric zinyusa inkxalabo yangasese kwaye zinokungaphumeleli ukuba i-igemfono-mfo okanye i-metho. Zikwafuna ukuveliswa okubalulekileyo kwi-enjini yombane nombane.

Umlinganiselo wokuzinza

Ii-ofisi zokhetho zisebenzisana ngokukhulayo namasebe esizwe e-ICybersecurity kunye ne-Infrapublic Security Agency (CISA) kwiiNkonzo ze-U.S. ziquka ukuchanabeka, ukuvavanya, ukuvavanya, ukuqhelisa okuphezulu ukwenzela impendulo yesiganeko, kunye namaqonga onxibelelwano akhuselekileyo (umz., i-Eprotoance kunye ne-Resilience Exchange). I-CISISA Ukhuseleko lwephepha lokhuseleko [ inika oovimba bemeko kunye namagosa asekuhlaleni ukuqinisa iinkqubo zabo.

Uhlolo lwexesha lokwenene kunye nofundo lomatshini

Ubuchule bokwenza bungabona iipateni ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokwenene. Umzekelo, ukuba iqonga lengingqi linikela ingxelo yokukhutshwa okuphezulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga kweqela elithile elingafanelaniyo nemeko yamanani, abahlalutyi bangaligquma ukuze baphande. Ngokufanayo, ukugada imithombo yezonxibelelwano yentlalo kuvumela ukuphendula okukhawulezileyo. Ukufunda ngomatshini kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukutyikitya iibhola ezingekhoyo ngokuzithelekisa kwimizekelo yembali egcinwe kwisiseko sogcino-lwazi, nangona ezi mithetho-manani zingagqibekanga kwaye zinokuveza ikhethe ukuba aziqeqeshwanga kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo.

Ukufikelela Kwingqibelelo Yonyulo Ezweni Lonke

Amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo ajamelana norhwaphilizo oluvela kuvoti oluneendlela ezahlukeneyo, efundisa abanye izifundo.

Estonia: Ubuvulindlela kwi - Internet

Estonia iqulathe unyulo olusekelwe kwi-intanethi ngaphezu kweshumi leminyaka. Iivoters zigqosha iibhola zocango zisebenzisa ii-ID zazo zesizwe ezinee-chips ezincanyatheliswe. Inkqubo isebenzisa uqinisekiso lwento ezininzi kunye nofihlo-mva, kwaye abavoti bangaqinisekisa ukuba ivotelo yabo ibhalwe kakuhle ngokusebenzisa ikhompyutha ehambayo. Indlela ye Estonia inciphisa ukwenziwa kwemiboniso-manani kwaye inciphisa unikezelo, kodwa ixhomekeke ekufikeleleni kwe-ID yehlabathi lonke kunye nokubhalwa kwamanani aphezulu. Eli lizwe alikhange libone bukho ubuqhetseba obubhaliweyo kunyulwanobacholo olubhaliweyo kunyuselo, nangona abanye abaphandi bokhuseleko bexhalani nge-panearnerbial.

EIndiya: I-biometrics ne-ID yeVoter

IIndiya, eyona mikhosi mikhulu yedemokhrasi yehlabathi, isebenzisa oomatshini bovota (EVM) kuzo zonke izitishi zovolo. Iivoter kufuneka zinike ikhadi le-Voter ID (eliquka umfanekiso) kwaye zihlolwe ngokuchasene nomqulu okhethiweyo. Amaphondo amaninzi asebenzisa umatshini wophicotho-zincwadi lwephepha olugunyazisiweyo (VVPAT) oshicilela isityibiliki sobungqina phambi kokuba afake kwibhokisi evaliweyo. Amagosa okhetho aziphatha ngokungafaniyo no-EVVPAT imibambo yokuthintela ukunqanda. Phezu kwako nje ukupheliswa kwe-EVPA, iKhomishini yokhetho ye-EVMgarling ihlonelwa ngokubanziswa ngokubanziswa ngokubanziswayo kwaye isebenza.

UBukumkani Obumanyeneyo: Ulawulo Oluzimeleyo Nemithetho Engqongqo

IKhomishini ye-UK ye-Electoral yiqumrhu elizimeleyo elilawula iphulo lokusebenzisa imali, elibhalisa amaqela ezobupolitika, kwaye limisela imilinganiselo yokuvota. Uvota lwasemva lufuna isizathu esixeliweyo (umz., ukuba kude nekhaya), kwaye zonke izicelo ziyakhangelwa. Ngo-2004, emva kokuqhatha eBirmingham, i-UK yasungula ubhaliso lomntu ngamnye (wabhalisa iintsapho) ukuze yenze kube nzima ukuguqula ubhaliso. UK ukwavala icandelo lesithathu “lokukhulula” lweposi.

EUnited States: IFederalism Ehlaziyiweyo

I-U.S. ineenkqubo zonyulo ezahlukeneyo ezingama-50, ngalinye linemixube yalo yokhuseleko. Umzekelo, ivoti-posi ka-Oregon ngeposi ngokuchasene ne-Pennsylvania ne-imvume ekhoyo kunye nezinketho zeposi, kodwa yenza ukudideka nokungabi nakusebenza. IPost-2020, amazwe amaninzi amisele iliza lemithetho yokukhusela entsha, kuquka ukuvala inkxaso yemali yonyulo (ukugalela i-Zuckerberg) kunye nokuqinisa i-skriptiot engekhoyo. Amanye amaphondo andise ukuvota nokubhalisa okuzibhalisa. Umthetho okuziphatha okuhloniphekileyo uthetha ukuba ucwangciso lwenkohliso kufuneka luphumelele kwimithetho emininzi ukuchaphazela iziphumo zesizwe, kodwa kwakhona yenza ukuba ikwazi ukuxhasa imilinganiselo ye-ecodectersethission.

Isiphelo

Uphando lwe-Electoral luyimeko yokwenene kodwa ludla ngokuvuselelwa kakhulu. Iqumrhu lobungqina libonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwangoku olusuka kwimithetho ye-ID kunye nophicotho-zincwadi lwephepha ukuya kwimo-metric yongqikelelo kunye nohlolo lwasemva konyulo--------nempumelelo ekuthinteleni umlinganiso omkhulu, ukuqhatha okucwangcisiweyo. Noko ke, iingxaki zokubekwa ngokweenjongo zezopolitiki, ukunqandwa kwezixhobo, indaleko yezobugcisa, kunye nenkcazelo egqwetha izinto ezingekho mthethweni zifuna ubuchule obuqhubekayo. Ngokufunda kwimikhwa engcono elungileyo, ukuxhasa ulawulo oluzimeleyo, nokufaka ulawulo oluqinileyo oluzimeleyo, nokuzimela okuzimelayo okuziiiiiiiiii.