UMthetho kaRhulumente i-Pixel ungomnye weyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo kumthetho wokufuduka wase-U.S. ichaphazela kungekuphela nje abo bafuna indawo yokuhlala esisigxina kodwa kwanabaphambukeli abasukela ukulawulwa kwendalo. Abantu abaninzi abayiqonda kakuhle indlela lo mthetho osebenza ngayo, ingakumbi xa kufikelelwa ekubeni ngummi wase-United States. Eli nqaku liyichaphaza ingcamango yolwaphulo-mthetho lukawonke wonke, lichaza imbali yalo, lihlolisisa indlela ezichaphazela ngayo izicelo zendalo, kwaye linikela ukhokelo olusebenzisekayo kubaphambukeli kunye nabafundisi abasebenza kunye nabo.

Uyintoni Ulawulo Lukawonke - wonke?

Ngamazwi alula, umthetho kawonke-wonke uhlola ukuba ityala elingekhoyo lixhomekeke ngokuyintloko kurhulumente wase-U.S. ukuze lixhaswe ngemali ngoncedo lwemali kawonke-wonke okanye ngenkathalo yexesha elide. Igama elithi "ityala likawonke-wonke" linozintsonkompolo ezinzulu kumthetho wokufuduka, kodwa ukutolikwa kwalo kutshintshile ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Phantsi komthetho wangoku, umntu ozimisele ukuba ngumthetho kawonke-wonke angavunywa ukuba avunyelwe ukuba angene eUnited States, angavunywa ukuba kuhlengahlengiswe isimo kwikhaya elisisigxina elisemthethweni, kwaye abekwe kwiingxoxo zokususwa. Noko ke, lo mthetho awusebenzi ngqo ekuhlolweni ngendlela efanayo kwizicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza. Endaweni yoko, uphembelela ukusetyenziswa kwendalo ngokungangqalanga ngokwemfuno enxulumene nokuziphatha okuhle nokuvuma ngokusemthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukuba ubani aqonde lo mahluko ukuze abe ngummi.

Isiseko Seenkqubo Eziyingenelo Phantsi Kohlalutyo

Asizizo zonke iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke eziphakamisa inkxalabo yoluntu. Amasebe asebenza ngokufuduka ajolise ingqalelo kwiindidi ezithile zoncedo. Ngokwembali, umthetho ugqalwa njengeengenelo zemali ezifana ne-Someral Security Infige (SI), inkxaso yexeshana kwiintsapho ezifuna uncedo (T.55) kunye noncedo lwesizwe jikelele. Ukunyanyekelwa kweentsapho ezihlala ixesha elide (umzekelo, iMedicaid xhasa ngemali yekhaya labaluphele) kwakuqukiwe.

Ulawulo lweTrump lwandisa ingcaciso ngo-2019 ukuquka iingenelo ezingezoza-cash

  • IMedicaid (ngaphandle kweenkonzo zongxamiseko, ukunikela uncedo kwiintlekele, neengenelo kubantwana okanye kumabhinqa akhulelweyo)
  • Inkqubo yoncedo lokutya eyongezelelweyo (SNAP)
  • Uncedo lwezindlu (Iziqinisekiso 8 kunye nezindlu zikawonke-wonke)

Ezi zongezo zabangela ukudideka noloyiko olusasazekileyo, zikhokelela abaphambukeli abaninzi abafanelekileyo ukuba bahlulwe kwiinkqubo ezifunekayo. Ulawulo lweBiden lwaziguqula ezi zandi, lubuyela kwisakhiwo sangaphambi ko-2019. Ekuqaleni konyaka wama-2025, uhlalutyo lukawonke-wonke lujonga ngokuyintloko kuncedo lwemali kunye nenkathalo yexesha elide. Iinzuzo ezingeyo-cash njenge-SNAP, Mdicaid, kunye noncedo lwezindlu aziqwalaselwa ekuthengisweni komthetho kawonke-wonke wokuzibotshelela okanye ukuhlenga.

Noko ke, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukusebenzisa naziphi na iingenelo kusenokufuneka kumongo wendalo ukuba kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuziphatha okuhle. Oku kuxutyushwa ngeenkcukacha ezininzi ezingezantsi.

Imbali Nenkqubo Yokulawula Uwonkewonke

Isiseko Sangaphambili

Ingcamango yokutyholwa kukawonke-wonke ikwisivumelwano soHlelo loMgaqo-nkqubo wowe-1882, ovumela ukuba nabani na osenokuba ngumntu onokuba yi-rekhodi. Kwinkoliso yenkulungwane yama-20, umthetho wasetyenziswa ngobugocigoci obuphangaleleyo ngabahloli abahambela iindawo ezisemazibuko okungena.

Isikhokelo se-ENS se-1999

Ngo-1999, i-Immigration and Naturation Service (INS) yanikela ukhokelo olucacileyo olucacisa ukuba luncedo lwemali okanye ukunyanyekelwa kwemali kangangexesha elide kuphela okuya kubangela ukuba uluntu lufumane uxanduva lwetyala. Olu khokelo lumi kangangamashumi amabini eminyaka luze lunike abaphambukeli ukuqonda okucacileyo ngeengenelo abanokuzisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ulawulo lweTrump-Era lwama-2019

NgoFebruwari 2020 (ngokupapashwa kwangaphambili ngoAgasti 2019), iSebe loKhuseleko lwasekhaya lasungula umthetho omtsha owandisa ngokuphawulekayo ingcaciso yolawulo lukawonke-wonke. Lathi lathatha i-lisithi i-SNAP, iMedicaid, uncedo lwezindlu, nezinye iinzuzo njengoothunywa abangalunganga. Lo mthetho wavelisa uvavanyo "lonke inani leemeko" olunzima kakhulu ekufakeni izicelo. Umthetho wabangela ukuhla okukhawulezileyo ekusetyenzisweni okuyingenelo kwiintsapho zabaphambukeli, kwanabo banabemi base-U.S.

Inkundla Ephakamileyo yavumela ukuba inyanzeliswe ngoxa ityala liqhubeka, kodwa impembelelo yalo esebenzisekayo yayibalulekile.

Ukuvuselelwa kolawulo lwebhinden

NgoFebruwari 2021, uMongameli Biden wakhupha umyalelo olawulayo owayalela amaqumrhu ukuba ahlole umthetho wetyala likawonke-wonke. I-DHS yandula ke iyeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthetho wama-2019. NgoSeptemba 2022, umthetho omtsha olandelayo wapapashwa, osebenzayo kuDisemba 23, 2022. Lo mthetho wabuyisela utoliko lwangaphambi ko-1919: ityala likawonke-wonke lisekelwe ekufumaneni uncedo lwemali lwemali ehlawulwayo ekulondolozweni kwengeniso okanye ekunyanyeni ingeniso okanye ukugcinwa kwemali yelizwa kweziko leziko lemali ngethuba elide.

Ngonyaka wama-2025, umthetho weBiden-era uhlala usebenza, nangona ulawulo lwexesha elizayo lungaphinda luyitshintshe inkqubo. Abaphambukeli nabafundisi- ntsapho kufuneka bahlale bephaphele ukutshintsha okunokwenzeka.

Indlela Ulawulo Lukawonke - wonke Olukuchaphazela Ngayo Ukusetyenziswa Kwemvelo

Ngoxa ulawulo lukawonke-wonke lokungagqibeki lusebenza ngqo kwiizicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza kunye nabafaki-sicelo be-visa, unxibelelwano lwabo nokwenziwa kwendalo lucaciswe ngakumbi. Nazi iindlela eziphambili umthetho obachaphazela ngazo abo bafuna ubumi base-U.S.:

Imfuneko Efanelekileyo Yokuziphatha

Abafaki-zicelo zokuzimela izinto zemvelo kufuneka babonise iimpawu ezintle zokuziphatha ngexesha lomthetho (ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emihlanu, okanye iminyaka emithathu kumaqabane abemi base-U.S.). I-USCIS ingafumana ukuntuleka kokuziphatha okuhle ukuba umfaki-sicelo uye wabandakanyeka kwihambo echasene nemithetho yokufuduka okanye ecebisa ukungahoyi iimfanelo ezisemthethweni. Ngoxa ukufumana iingenelo zikawonke-wonke akuzithinteli ngokobuqu iimpawu ezintle zokuziphatha, umfaki-sicelo ofunyaniswe njengesimangaliso sikawonke-wonke ngexesha lomntu osisigxilo osemthethweni asenokujongwa.

Ngokukhethekileyo, ukuba umntu ofaka isicelo ufumene ikhadi labo eliluhlaza ngentsapho okanye ngoncedo lwemisebenzi kunye nomxhasi wasayina i-affidavit yokuxhasa (Form I-864), i-lisithi yomfaki-sicelo yeenzuzo ezithile zikarhulumente ezivavanyiweyo ingabonisa ukuba inkxaso yomxhasi yayinganele. Oko kungaphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuphumelela kokuqala, ngokongeza, isicelo sokwemvelo.

Ubukho Obungekho Mthethweni Nokuphakamisa Kwabantu

Ukuba umphambukeli wakha wabekwa kwimicimbi yokususwa okanye walalelwa ukuba avunyelwe ngokusekelwe ekubeni ngumthetho kawonke-wonke, loo mbali kufuneka ichazwe kwiFomu N-400. USCIS iza kuhlolisisa iimeko. Ukuzimisela kukawonke wonke okudlulileyo okuye kwaguqulwa kamva okanye okubangelwa yinkcazelo eyimpazamo kusenokuba ngumqobo. Kodwa ukufumana okuqhubekayo kokubekwa ulawulo lukawonke wonke kungachaphazela uhlalutyo lokuziphatha okuhle.

Imizobo Ekhokelela Kwindalo

Ngaphantsi kweINA 316 (a), isibheno sokwemvelo kufuneka sibe ngumntu onobuntu obulungileyo bokuziphatha. Akukho myalelo webhari ekhethekileyo yokuba lityala likawonke-wonke ngexesha lokwenziwa kweLPR. Kodwa, ukuba umfaki-sicelo, ngelixesha i LPR, uxhomekeke ngokuyintloko kuncedo lwemali yaye akawugcinanga umthombo osemthethweni wengeniso, i-USCIS ingaphikisa ngelithi umfaki-sicelo akaphumelelanga ukuzixhasa kwaye ngenxa yoko uswele uphawu olulungileyo lokuziphatha.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iUSCIS ayifane ikukhanyele ukusetyenziswa kwendalo ukuze kufumaneke uncedo lukawonke wonke kodwa ikho into eyenzekayo.

Inqaku Lenkxaso

Abahlali abaninzi abasemthethweni bafumana ikhadi labo elinombala oluhlaza ngokusekelwe kwisixhobo sokuxhasa abaxhasi. Ukuba umxhasi akawugcinanga umvuzo ofunekayo, kwaye umphambukeli uphethukela kuncedo lukawonke-wonke, umxhasi angamangalelwa ngurhulumente. Isicelo sokwenziwa komphambukeli singagcinwa xa i-USCIS ihlola ukuba kukho ubuqhetseba okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuxhasa. Lo ngummandla oluntsonkotheko olusoloko lufuna uncedo olusemthethweni.

Oonobangela Abaphambili Abavavanywa Kukuzimisela Kwabantu Bonke Ukuya Kuhlasela

Xa i-USCIS ihlola ukuba ubani unokuba ngumthetho kawonke-wonke (umzekelo, xa kulungiswa iqondo lobume), iqwalasela ukuphelela kweemeko. Oothunywa abangundoqo babekwa kummiselo nakwimimiselo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kunceda abaphambukeli nabameli babo balungiselele iimeko ezomeleleyo.

  • [[UMTL:0] Age — Abatsha nabakhulileyo banokujongwa njengabona banokufuna uncedo, nangona ubudala bodwa bungathinteli ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.
  • [[NTLA: 0] Isihe-mandla — imeko yezamayeza esenokufuna ukunyanyekelwa ixesha elide okanye unyango olubiza imali eninzi ingunobangela ongalunganga. Noko ke, ukuba ne-inshorensi yempilo okanye ukukwazi ukuhlawula inkathalo kungakuhlisa oku.
  • Ubungakanani bosapho[[FLT:] — iintsapho ezinkulu zinokuba sengozini enkulu yokufuna uncedo lukawonke-wonke, ingakumbi ukuba ingeniso yendlu isezantsi.
  • Imo entle kunye nengeniso — umsebenzi osemthethweni nomvuzo ongaphezulu kwe 125% yemigaqo yobuhlwempu kazwelonke inguthunywa abalungileyo.
  • Impahla kunye neMali- — Ukugcinwa, impahla, nezinye izinto zexabiso zibonisa ukukwazi ukuzenzela. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babhale iingxelo zebhanki, imisebenzi yempahla, kunye neetyala zotyalo-mali.
  • Imfundo kunye nobuchule — imfundo ephezulu nobuchule obukhethekileyo buphucula ukuqeshwa kwaye bunciphisa amathuba okuxhomekeka kuluntu.
  • Affidavit yeNkxaso — Isivumelwano esinyanzelisayo esisemthethweni sokuxhasa ushishino lwemali olunemali lungunobangela obalulekileyo obalulekileyo kuxhotyiso lwentsapho kunye nezinye izingxubusho ezisekelwe kumsebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uvavanyo lukawonke-wonke lusebenzisa uhlalutyo olujongwa phambili. Ilisithi yexesha elidlulileyo yeengenelo iqwalaselwa kodwa ayimkhuseli ngokuzenzekelayo umntu ocela isicelo ukuba akasafuni ncedo kwaye ubonise ukuba uyakwazi ukuzinceda.

Amanyathelo Okuphepha Inkxalabo Enguwonke

Kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe abakwinkqubo yokuzingca okanye abasenokuba bafanelekela kwixa elizayo, amanyathelo aqhubekayo anokuyinciphisa ingozi yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwabantu ngokubanzi kuya kuba ngumbandela.

Uxwebhu lwenkululeko yemali

Gcina ingxelo ecacileyo yomsebenzi, iimbuyiselo zerhafu, iziphekepheke, kunye neengxelo zebhanki. Bonisa ukuba awukhange uthembe kwiinkqubo zemali yentlalo-ntle. Nokuba ubusebenzisa i SNAP okanye Medicaid ngexesha le Trump xa ziqwalaselwa, ezo nkqubo azisekho kwinkcazelo kawonke-wonke. Noko ke, kububulumko ukugcina uxwebhu ukuba usetyenziso lwalungolwe okwexeshana.

Zisebenzise Ngobulumko Iingenelo

Iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke ezifana ne-SNAP, iMedicaid, kunye ne-screentif zokuhlala zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa phantsi kwemithetho yangoku ukwenzela iinjongo zokuvunywa nokulungisa. Kodwa izicelo zokwemvelo zibandakanya iimpawu ezintle zokuziphatha, ezibanzi. Ukuba unazo naziphi na izinto ezixhalabisayo, jonga igqwetha elirhwebelela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe phambi kokuqeshwa ngeenzuzo. Ukungangeni kwe-panthiki kungxwelerhe impilo yakho kunye nokuzinza kwemali ngaphandle kokunceda imeko yakho yokufuduka.

Gcina Iingxelo Zenkxaso

Ukuba unomxhasi, gcina iikopi zazo zonke iifomu I-864 kunye nobungqina bengeniso yomxhasi. Ukuba ingeniso yomxhasi isezantsi, okanye ukuba ufumana iingenelo ngenxa yokusilela komxhasi ukuxhasa, bhala phantsi ezo meko uze ufune icebiso elisemthethweni.

Funa Ukhokelo Olusemthethweni Kusekuseni

Ityala ngalinye lokufuduka lihlukile. Uhlalutyo loluntu lwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwendalo aluchananga njengezicelo zamakhadi aluhlaza. Igqwetha elinamava okufuduka linokuhlola iingenelo zembali yakho, lihlole iingozi, licebise nokuba limele lilinde phambi kokuba lifakelwe okanye liqhubeke nobungqina obuxhasayo.

Uphando Lwamahlalo Nabafundisi - ntsapho Abafudukayo

Umthetho olawula ukutyholwa kwabantu uneziphendu ezimandundu ezingaphaya kwezicelo ezisetyenziswa ngumntu ngamnye. Abafundisi-mfundo boluntu, abacebisi basekholeji, abaqeqeshi bemfundo yabantu abadala, kunye nabasebenzi abangeyongeniso basoloko besebenza nabaphambukeli abangaqinisekiyo ngokusebenzisa iinzuzo zikawonke-wonke. I-Mixinformation isenokukhokelela kwiintsapho ezingafuni ukufumana uncedo lwezondlo okanye ukukhuselwa kwempilo ngenxa yoloyiko, nto leyo ephazamisa impilo yoluntu nozinzo lwezoqoqosho.

Abafundisi kufuneka baqonde umthetho wangoku ukuze banikele ukhokelo oluchanileyo. Bafanele bagxininise oko:

  • Inzuzo engeyonkala njenge SNAP, WIC, kunye neMedicaid azenzeli mntu ulawulo lukawonke-wonke phantsi kolawulo lweBhiden.
  • Ukusebenzisa ezi nzuzo akuyi kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwendalo, ngaphandle kokuba kukho ezinye izinto ezifana nokuqhatha okanye ukuqhekezwa kwenkxaso.
  • Kukhuselekile ukuba abantwana baseUnited States bafumane iingenelo, enoba abazali babo abanamakhaya.
  • Nabani na onenkxalabo engqalileyo ufanele athethe negqwetha kunokuba athembele kumarhe.

Ukongezelela, abafundisi-lwazi banganceda ngokukhomba abaphambukeli kwimithombo ethembekileyo. Enye imvelaphi entle yile [[FLT: 0] Inyaniso kawonke-wonke Ikhasi, eshwankathela inkqubo yangoku. Enye yi yelizwe elinoxanduva loMthetho wokwahlula uluntu iphepha , elinika uhlaziyo nokuqhelisa iincam.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi Nokufuna Icebiso Elisemthethweni

Inkqubo yokuhlalisa i-USCIS ixhomekeke ekutshintsheni ulawulo olutsha okanye kwisigqibo senkundla. Umthetho kawonke-wonke ubengumthetho webhola ekhatywayo yezobupolitika kangangamashumi eminyaka, kwaye umele uqhubeke utshintsha. Kubo bonke abaceba ukuzenzela indalo, kububulumko ukuqwalasela izibhengezo ezisuka kwi-USCIS nokubuza kwigqwetha elijongene nokufuduka ngaphambi kokwenza izigqibo ezinokuchaphazela ukufezeka.

Ifeme yomthetho ethembekileyo enomsebenzi onikezelweyo wokufuduka inganika ukhokelo lobuqu. Ii-firm njenge [[FLT: 0] uMthetho we-Murty Firm kunye Fragomen ipapasha uhlaziyo oluthe rhoqo kwinkqubela-phambili yoluntu. Ngokudibanisa, [[FLT:]] i-IIIndawo yogcino-Mthethwe yasemthethweni [[FLT:]] inikezela ngezixhobo eziluncedo zabaxhasi nabaphambukeli.

Isiphelo

Umthetho wokumangalela kukawonke-wonke uhlala uyindawo entsonkothileyo nejikelezayo yomthetho wokufuduka. Ngoxa impembelelo yawo engqalileyo ekuziphatheni ingenamandla kunezicelo zekhadi eliluhlaza, isenokuchaphazela uhlolo olulungileyo lobuntu kwaye yenza imiqobo kubafaki-zicelo abaye basebenzisa iinzuzo ezithile. Ngokuqonda isakhiwo sangoku, ukugcina uxwebhu olucokisekileyo, nokufuna icebiso elingokwasemthethweni, abaphambukeli banokuyilawula inkqubo yokwemvelo ngentembelo. Abafundisi kunye nabaxhasi boluntu badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekususeni iintsokothelo nokuqinisekisa ukuba iintsapho aziluvumeli uncedo olubalulekileyo ngenxa yoloyiko oluphosakeleyo.

Ukuhlala benolwazi yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuzikhusela. Njengoko imigaqo - siseko iqhubeka iguquka, ulwazi lunika abaphambukeli amandla okukhusela indlela yabo yokuba ngabemi.