Amagunya alawulayo kaMongameli wase-United States aphakathi kwezona zinto zinamandla nezibambekayo zolawulo lwamaMelika. Ukusuka ekumiseleni inkqubo yamanye amazwe ukuyalela imikhosi exhobileyo, uMongameli usebenzisa igunya elibubumba ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bommi ngamnye. Kodwa la magunya akagqibelelanga; achazwa kwaye anyanzelwa ngenyameko, akhuselwe nguMgaqo-siseko, imimiselo, kunye nenkqubo yezomthetho. Ukuqonda umlinganiselo othe ngqo woko uMongameli anokukwenza kwaye angakwazi ukukwenza ukuze nabani na ofuna ukuqonda indlela urhulumente worhulumente worhulumente worhulumente, indlela imigaqo esetyenziswa ngayo, nendlela elungelelaniswe ngayo phakathi kwamasebe amathathu.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samandla alawulayo

UMgaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ufaka igunya elilawulayo kuMongameli omnye phantsi Article II, iCandelo 1, eliqalayo lithi: “UGunyaziso oluPhezulu liya kubekwa kuMongameli waseUnited States of America.” Eli binzana licaciswe ngokubanzi ngexesha elide ukuquka omabini amandla adwelisweyo nalawo aboniswa yimfuno yokunyanzelisa umthetho karhulumente kunye nokulawula isebe eliphetheyo. [[FLT] [FLT:] I-Clauszye[[FLT:]] kwiSigqe II, iCandelo 3 libhekisa phambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuba uMongameli “awubeke ngokuthembeka, ukumisela umsebenzi oyintloko wokuphumeza ulawulo lomthetho. [FFOT] [FLT]

Ngokungafaniyo nesebe lowiso-mthetho, elifumana uluhlu olunenkcukacha lwamagunya adweliswe kwinqaku I, igalelo lamandla alawulayo libanzi. Oku kungacaci kuvumele ooMongameli ukuba balungelelanise iofisi kwiimeko ezitshintshayo, kodwa kwakhona libangela iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nemilinganiselo yegunya lomongameli. [ INkundla [[FLT:]] ilinganiswe rhoqo, ngokungakumbi kwiimeko ezifana nolutsha olusemgceni we-mote & Tube. Co.

Amandla alawulayo kaMongameli

UMongameli wenza uluhlu lwamandla anokubekwa kwiindidi eziliqela ezingundoqo. Nganye isekelwe kumgaqo-siseko, kumthetho wesizwe, okanye kuqheliselo olude, kwaye nganye iphantsi kokuhlola kwiBhunga kunye nejaji.

Idinga Namandla Okushenxiswa

UMongameli umisela abaphathi-mikhosi abayintloko baseUnited States, kuquka oonobhala bekhabhathi, abagwebi besizwe (kuquka amaJaji eNkundla Ephakamileyo), oothunywa bezothutho, neentloko zamasebe azimeleyo, phantsi kwe- imvume kunye nemvume yeNdlu yeQela (Icandelo II, iCandelo 2). Eli gunya livumela uMongameli ukuba abumbe isebe eliphetheyo kunye nentanda-ntanda-bulumko yezomthetho kamashumi eminyaka. Noko ke, iNtsimbi ye-mthetho inokugatya ama-neminene, kwaye uMongameli unokususa amagosa athile esebe aphetheyo ngaphandle kwemvume yeBhunga elizimeleyo, nangona ukususwa kwabasemaluntwini kusenokufuna isizathu. Isivumelwano senkqubo sinye sezona ndawo zibonakalayo zonxibelelwano phakathi kolawulo oluphezulu kunye nezolawulo lwamasebe olawulo.

Umbane weVeto

UMongameli unamandla okuvala umthetho odluliselwe yiBhunga, ewubuyisa ngokuphikisa. IKhomyutha ingawusebenzisa nge-veto ne-3-3 uninzi lwamagumbi omabini (Artle I, Icandelo 7). Iveto sisixhobo esinamandla esinceda uMongameli ukuba angakwazi ukuvala amatyala awawajonga njengengenagunya, engalumkanga, okanye achasene nemithetho. Oomongameli bakwasebenzisa i- i-pocket to[, eyenzekayo xa iBhunga loMphathi lithumela isibhengezo somthetho neMongameli lingathathi nyathelo, eliphumele ngokunempumelelo, elibulala umlomo ngaphandle kokubuya komthetho. Amandla aye asetyenziswa ngaphezu kwamaxesha angaphezulu kwe-10%, kunye nokusekwa.

Imiyalelo yegunya neziphumo

Imiyalelo yegunya elilawulayo yimiyalelo ekhutshwa nguMongameli yokulawula imisebenzi karhulumente wezwe. Banegunya lomthetho wabameli besebe abaphetheyo kodwa kufuneka basekelwe kwigunya elikhoyo okanye kumGaqo-siseko ngokwawo. Abayiyo imithetho emitsha; bayalela amaqumrhu indlela yokuchaza nokuzalisekisa imithetho esele isebenza. Abalawuli kwakhona bakhupha izingqiniso [, ezisoloko zingomthetho okanye imithetho, kwaye aziyomthetho, kwaye xa zibonakala ziphikisana. [[FLT]], ezithi zifane nemiyalelo kodwa ezidla ngokungekho sikweni. IBhunganenoMthethotho yemithetho yemithetho yezomthetho.

Imicimbi Yamazwe Asemzini Nesivumelwano

UMongameli ngumphathi-zwe. Uququzelela izivumelwano namazwe asemzini, kodwa izivumelwano zifuna imvume ephindaphindiweyo yamaBhunga amabini anesithathu ukuba asebenze. Ukuphepha inkqubo yesivumelwano esinzima, ooMongameli basoloko bexhomekeke kuMongameli ] izivumelwano zokunqumla [ namanye amazwe, angafuni mvume yeBhunga. UMongameli uyaqonda ukuba oorhulumente bamanye amazwe, bayamkela abameli, kwaye baqhuba ulawulo. Ngexesha loMgaqo-siseko ungamniki umongameli ngokungqalileyo umthetho wamanye amazwe, iNkundla ephakamileyo iqaphele ummandla obanzi wegunya likamongameli kwimicimbi yamazwe asemzini, ingakumbi xa uMongameli esebenza ngogunyaziso lwezimrhumo-mvume okanye ngokusabela kukhuseleko lwesizwe.

Amandla omkhosi njengeNkulumbuso-eNkulumbuso

Phantsi kweQumrhu II, iCandelo lesi-2, uMongameli nguMlawuli onguMlawuli-okanye oyintloko womkhosi, nomkhosi wamanzi, kunye norhulumente womkhosi wamajoni xa ebizelwa kwinkonzo karhulumente. Le ndima inika uMongameli umlawuli ophezulu umyalelo osebenzayo phezu kwamandla ezixhobo. Noko ke, uMgaqo-siseko ogcine amandla okuvakalisa imfazwe, ukuphakamisa nokuxhasa amajoni, kwaye anikezele umkhosi wamanzi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oomongameli baye bafaka amajoni ngaphandle kokubhengeza ngokusemthethweni imfazwe, benyusa imfuneko yokusabela kwimicimbi okanye ukukhusela iU.. Izilangazelelo. [[FLT.2] izigqizo zoMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi woMkhosi [[FLT]] kunye nenkxaso ephakathi kwe-1950] iziphelo zomkhosi, kunye nemikhosi elungele ukunikezela ngeentsuku ezingama-60 (usuku ezingama-30) ngaphandle kokuba imvume yokurhoxa lokuphuma kwemfazwe i-odrulamsposo.

Amandla Okufuzisela

UMongameli unamandla okunika isigwebo soburhulumente kunye nokuxolela amatyala karhulumente (Artle II, Icandelo 2), ngaphandle kwakwiimeko zokungagunyaziswa. Eli gunya liphantse ligqibelele phantse: uMongameli angaxolela abantu phambi kokuba bagwetywe, emva kokuqiniseka, okanye nasemva kokuba besebenze isigwebo sabo. Amagunya angomnye wamagosa angomongameli angagcwala okanye axhomekeke, kwaye abuyisela amalungelo athile alahlekileyo ngenxa yokuqiniseka. Imizekelo engenakuba iquka ukuxolelwa kukaRichard Nixon noMongameli Carter uxomps ka-Rout Crears yemfazwe ye-Vietnam. Inteer inteer ingulowo umlawuli ongenakuthintelwa.

Imida Neengqwalasela Kumandla Omongameli

Umxholo oyintloko wenkqubo yomgaqo - siseko waseMerika ngowokuba akukho sebe lisebenza ngokwalo. Amandla kaMongameli avinjwe yimiqathango eqinileyo yeNkqutyana, iinkundla, nenkqubo yezobupolitika.

Ulawulo lwequmrhu nomthetho

IKhomishini ingamisela ukusetyenziswa komongameli kwiinkqubo ezininzi. Ingakhupha umthetho onciphisa igunya eliphetheyo, ofuna ukunikela ingxelo, okanye imiyalelo engqalileyo. Ingayikhupha i-vetoes, ingala ukuqinisekisa ii-asmeines, kwaye ikhanye ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali yamanyathelo kamongameli ngamandla engxowa-mali. Ingqungquthela ikwaqhuba uphando kwaye ibambe iindlebe zokuqwalasela izenzo zesebe eliphetheyo. [[FLT: 0] I-Government Accounting Office kunye abahloli-mikhosi bemali phakathi kwabameli] ibonelela ukuqwalasela okuthe kokugqibela ukuqulunqwa kwentlanganiso. Xa umongameli ekwayalela ukuthobela i-bugconpoena, iimpikiswano ezidla ngokuphela kwinkundla.

Impinda yezeejaji

Ijaji yesizwe, ekhokelwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo, inamandla okuhlola izenzo zolawulo nokuzivakalisa zingahambelani nomthetho wesizwe. [FLT][1]] [[FLT] v. Madison[[FLT] [185] [1] [1] [1], iNkumiselo yeNkundla yamisa umgaqo wokuhlola ngezenzo zomthetho zeBhunga, kwaye inyuse elo gunya kwisebe eliphetheyo. [i-partle ] [i-partumscreat] [[5] [iii-FLT] [5], [ii-FLT], [i-FLT] inguMvukelo olugqithisweyonke, [ivolukeleleka ku-Genesigraful-odwa] [iiiiii, i-Geneadentiast] [iethes] [ethev]

Inkcitho

Indlu yabameli ingamtyhola uMongameli “ngengqiqo, isiSifumbathiso, okanye ezinye izigebetho eziphezulu kunye nezisemnyameni.” Indlu yeNdlu yamatyala ngoko ibamba ityala, kwaye kufuneka ivoti ezimbini kwisithathu ukuvalela ityala nokususa uMongameli eofisini. Ukuphembelela yinkqubo yezopolitiko, hayi isigebengu, kwaye kusebenza njengendlela yokugqibela yokuhlola ukusetyenziswa kakubi kolawulo. Oomongameli ababini baye batyholwa yiNdlwane (Andrew Clintoson, uBill, noDonald Trump) kabini, kodwa akukho nanye ekhe yagwetywa kwaye yasuswa. Isisongelo sobugqeqesholo somongameli sinokuthi sinyanze isimilo sobugqeqeshina.

Inkcitho kunye nohlolo

UMongameli angacebisa uqingqo-mali, kodwa kuphela iBhunga elinobuchule. I- yeNkqutyana inika iNgqungquthela ulawulo lweBhunga, ithetha ukuba uMongameli akanakuchitha imali ngaphandle kwemvume yemithetho-mvume. Oku kuhlola kunamandla angakumbi kwimicimbi yamanye amazwe neyomkhosi, apho iBhunga linokumisela ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali yemisebenzi ethile. UMthetho woLawulo loLawulo lwe-Mkhosi ka- 1974] umisela ukuthintela ubuchule bukaMongameli bokungasebenzisi imali efanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwemibutho ekuhlawuleni imali efunekayo.

Imiyalelo yesebe eliphetheyo kubunzulu

Imiyalelo yabalawuli iye yaba yenye yezona zixhobo zibonakalayo neziphikiswanayo zobungameli. Nangona isekelwe kumgaqo-siseko kwiNkxaso yeCae Cance Claus kunye nendima kaMongameli njengentloko yesebe eliphetheyo, ayingomgqaliselo. Wonke umyalelo wesebe kufuneka ukhankanye umthombo wegunya elisemthethweni, enoba uvela kwiSigqeba somthetho okanye ngumthetho. Zingacelw'imbambano enkundleni, kwaye zingatshintshwa nguMongameli olandelayo okanye nguMbutho olandelayo okanye yiBhunga-mthetho.

Imizekelo Yembali Nempembelelo Yayo

  • Ukubhengezwa koMgaqo-nkqubo (1863): uMongameli uAbraham Lincoln wasebenzisa amagunya akhe emfazwe njengegosa- eliphambili ukuchaza ukuba amakhoboka kumazwe azimeleyo ayekhululekile. Nangona lingawakhululanga ngoko nangoko onke amakhoboka, laguqula imfazwe yabemi yaba ngumlo woluntu kwaye lacwangcisa indlela yokulwelwa kwe-13 uHlaziyo lweziNguquko.
  • Ulungelelwano olusebenzayo 906 (1942): uMongameli Franklin D. Roosevelt wagunyazisa ukufuduka nokufakwa kwe-10 000 yamaJaphani ase-Japan ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi II. Lo myalelo kamva wagwetywa njengokwaphulwa kwenkululeko yabemi kwaye wakhokelwa kuMthetho we-Civilibel Liberates ka-1988, owanika iziphumo ezilandelayo. Uhlala ungumzekelo olumkisileyo wamandla olawulo ngaphezu kokufikelela kwemfazwe.
  • Isenzo esiceliweyo sobuntwana (DACA) (202) (: uMongameli Barack Obama wakhupha imemorandum eyalathisa iSebe loKhuseleko lwaseHomeland ukuba lilibazise ukugxothwa kwelizwe elithile elingabhalwanga laziswa kulutsha oluza kufumana abantwana. IDACA yacelwwa enkundleni, ngeNkundla ePhakamileyo ekugqibeleni ixhasa ukuthembeka kwayo kodwa ishiya inkqubo ikhuselekile ukuba iphinde idibane. Umyalelo ubonisa indlela isenzo solawulo oluphezulu esinako ngayo ukuphendula ibhodi yomthetho ngexa kujoliswe ekungaqiniseki.
  • I-Exective Order 13769 (2017): uMongameli Donald Trump''s “uvalo lokuhamba” kubemi bamazwe amaninzi amaSilamsi-odwa abangele imingeni ekhawulezileyo esemthethweni. Emva kokuzihlaziya okuphindaphindiweyo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaphakamisa uhlobo olulungisiweyo ku [[FLTL:2]] trump v. Hawaii[[[FLTL:3]] (2088), ifumanile ukuba uMongameli unegunya elibanzi phezu kokhuseleko lobugqeqeshi nokhuseleko lwesizwe. Ityala laphinda laqinisekisa ukuba kwanemiyalelo ephambili ephikisayo ingasinda kuvavanyo lomthetho ukuba isekelwe kwigunya lemithetho.

Ukungabikho Kwemali Nemida

Imiyalelo elawulayo ayinako ukwenza imithetho emitsha, imali efanelekileyo, okanye impikiswano yemimiselo ekhoyo. Ikwasikelwa umda yimfundiso yezemfundo , efuna ukuba iKhomishini inikezele “umgaqo ongenakuthelekelelwa” xa iphathisa igunya lokumisela uMongameli. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, oomongameli baye basebenzisa imiyalelo yezolawulo ukuze baphumeze iinjongo zeBhunga ezingadlulisiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekumangalelweni kwe-mpatho yegunya. [FLT] uphando olugunya loburhulumente kwinkonzo .[FLT] [FLT] [[FLT]] [iiiiiiiii] inikela uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lwemithetho kunye nolawulo lwe-gqwelence.

Amandla Eentlekele Neengxaki

Amandla kaMongameli ayanda ngexesha longxamiseko lwesizwe, kodwa kwanangoko, aphantsi kwemimiselo esemthethweni elungiselelwe ukuthintela ukuxhatshazwa. UMthetho wesizwe we-Emerpotical Emertications ka-1976 iinkqubo ezimisiweyo zokuvakalisa nokuphelisa iingozi, ezifuna uMongameli ukuba achaze amagunya asemthethweni agunyaziswayo kwaye anike ingxelo kwiBhunga ngamaxesha athile. Kukho iingozi zesizwe ezisebenzayo, ezigqubugrogrisi ukuya kusongelo sempilo kawonke wonke.

Ukusetyenziswa komkhosi womkhosi ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa yiBhunga

Oomongameli baye bathumela imikhosi phesheya ngaphandle kokubhengezwa okusemthethweni kwemfazwe , i-Korea, i-Balkan, iLibya, kunye namaqela abanqolobi. [[FLT: 0] Amandla emfazwe afuna uMongameli ukuba anikele ingxelo kwiBhunga kunye nemida ebekwe kwientsuku ezingama-60 (iiiveki ezingama-30 zokurhoxa) ngaphandle kokuba iNgqungquthela igunya lemithetho ligunyazisa ukuqhubeka kwesenzo. [FLT:] Abalawuli abaninzi baye bathatha isigqibo sokungavumelani negunya labo eliyintloko, kunye nokuphumelela kwayo okuhlala kuphikiswa. [FLT][3][FLT] Iziko zeJajinithi le-Jaji ye-Jaji ye-Genearvicess [FFLT]][FFFLT] [5] [5]

Amanye Amagunya Engozi

Ngexesha longxamiseko, uMongameli angayalela imali (phantsi kwemimiselo ethile), anqumamise imimiselo yokusingqongileyo okwexeshana, athumele umkhosi ukuze abuyisele ucwangco phantsi [ UMthetho wokuKhuthazwa , kwaye aququzele uMongameli [[[FLT:]] uMthetho we-Demenation: [[FLT]]] ukubeka impumelelo yemveliso yeempahla ezibalulekileyo. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] uMthetho weSibonelo we-AS] uvumela uMongameli ukuba anikezele iimfuno ezithile zokufuduka. Noko ke, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ibambe amagunya angenasiphelo, [FLT] [FL:] [F] [FLT], iNkutsho ityala longxam, ingunda-ondom, ingunda-Ampetho-etho-Ault, i-evicesss, inguquast qha

Amandla Angabhalwanga Nangaphikiswayo

Ngaphandle kwemiqathango ecacileyo, ooMongameli baye bazimisela amandla awongezelelekileyo asekelwe kwizenzo zembali, kwimfuno, okanye kwigunya elicetyisiweyo. La mandla angabhalwanga ngawona adla ngokuba ziingxabano.

Ilungelo Elilawulayo

Ilungelo elinolawulo oluphezulu livumela uMongameli ukuba angayivumeli inkcazelo kwiNgqungquthela neenkundla ukukhusela imfihlo yamasebe aphetheyo. Ayikhankanywa ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko kodwa iye yavunywa yiNkundla ePhakamileyo kwi- United States v. Nixon [19974], ekholelwa ukuba ilungelo lifanelekile kwaye kufuneka linikezele kwiimfuno ezisemthethweni zetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho. Eli lungelo lisoloko likhuselwa kumadabi aphakamileyo, kwaye umba walo uhlala ungumcimbi wengxoxo engokwasemthethweni nezobupolitika.

Ingxelo Zokusayina

Abalawuli bakhupha iingxelo zokusayina xa betyikitya isibhaka-mvume kumthetho, maxa wambi ukubonisa ukuba abazukunyanzela amalungiselelo athile abawajonga njengee-constitution. Lo mkhwa usukela emva kwiriphabliki yamandulo kodwa waba ngoqhelekileyo kwixesha langoku, ingakumbi phantsi koMongameli uReagan, uGeorge H.W. kunye noGeorge W Bush. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ukuba ukutyikitya iingxelo zomgca kwi-veto (ngako iNkukomkhulu yeNkundlalelo igwebe igweba ukungavumelani) kwaye ilulaza ukuqhela ucalulo lwamagunya. IBhunga le-American Bar Association liluye lakugxeka ukuqhelisa ukuqhelisa komthetho othile. Akukho nkundla ingqino epheleleyo ebhaliweyo kwengxelo yokutyikiselwa.

Ukulungelelana Kwamandla Okunyamezela

Isebe elilawulayo lelona libonakalayo nelinamandla kwiofisi enye kurhulumente wase-U.S., kodwa amandla alo abekwa ngononophelo. Abalawuli bomGaqo-siseko, abaluphanga ulawulo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo, baseka inkqubo apho uMongameli anokuthatha khona amanyathelo apheleleyo kodwa engekabodwa. [[[FLT:]] uxanduva kunye nolungelelwano [[FLT:] lwezintlawulo phakathi kwamasebe amathathu, [[FLT]] isakhiwo soburhulumente [[FT]] esigcina amandla amaninzi kumazwe, kunye [[FLT]] ne-amandla okuphendula amatyala [[FLT]] akhoyo ehlabathi lonke olusebenzayo] lonke lusebenza ekuhloleni igunya. Ukuqonda okudlala phakathi koondona okungenalwazi olungaphezulu nolunokusetyenziswa lungalusebenzisa ubuchule kumazwe amatsha, ukumelana nobunzima obuninzi, ukumelana nobunzima obungandonga bobuzwezwezwezwe liqhubekeka.