Ukusebenza Komthetho Wakwaphula - mthetho: Ukuqonda Ukutshutshiswa Nokuzikhusela

Umthetho wezaphuli-mthetho usisiseko senkqubo yobulungisa yanamhlanje, usebenza njengesiseko sokuthintela ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni kunye nendlela yokuziphendulela xa loo nto ithintelwa. Kwanasesazulwini sawo onke amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kukho imikhosi emibini ephikisanayo: ukutshutshiswa, ukumela urhulumente, kunye nokuzikhusela, okumela ummangalelwa. Ukhuphiswano lwabo lomthetho aluyonto nje ephambili kodwa luyiyo injongo enenjongo yokuveza inyaniso nokuqinisekisa okusesikweni. Kubafundi bomthetho, abafundisi, kunye nabemi, ukuqonda ngokunzulu indlela ezi misebenzi mibini esebenza ngayo, kunye nemidabambelelo elawulayo ebaluleke ngayo ukuyiqonda indlela okusesikweni okuqhutyelwa ngayo.

Isiseko Sembali Sokutshutshiswa Nokhuselo

Inkqubo yezomthetho yale mihla ibonakalisa imvelaphi yayo ukuya kwiNgilani yaphakathi, apho iinkundla zangaphambili zomthetho wasekuhlaleni ngokuthe ngcembe zathatha indawo yempindezelo yabucala ngokumiswa kokusesikweni kukarhulumente. Ekuqaleni, kwakungekho mtshutshisi; amaxhoba okanye iintsapho zawo kwafuneka zizenzele izityholo ngokwazo. Ingcamango yokumangalelwa okusemthethweni yavela ngokusekwa kwesikhundla se-Atterney General jikelele kwinkulungwane ye-13, nangona yathabatha iinkulungwane ukwenzela inkonzo yonikezelo yowiso-mthetho ukuze ikhule. Ngokufanayo, ilungelo lokukhusela ityala lalingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo de kube yinkulungwane ye-18/18966 Act Act eNgilani nasemva kweye-1791 yesiHlamGalisa eUnited States. Ukuqonda le ndale inceda ukuba kucaciciswe intelo-ntery kunye nokuzikhusela iimbopheleleko ezinjalo namhlanje: indima nganye yokuzinziswa kwenkululeko nenkululeko ephambili.

Indima Yokutshutshiswa

Ityala lilizwi likarhulumente kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho. Uthumo lwalo olungundoqo kukumela umdla kawonke-wonke ngokungqina ukuba ummangalelwa ubekwe ulwaphulo-mthetho olutyholiweyo. Lo mthwalo uphezulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga: umtshutshisi kufuneka amisele ityala ngaphandle komqathango osengqiqweni [[, owona mgangatho ufunekayo wobungqina nakweyiphi na inkqubo esemthethweni. Isigqibo ngasinye umtshutshisi senza `ukufaka izityholo' ekunikeleni ubungqina ngokuchasana nalo mgcipheli-' kwaye ngokuchasene nomsebenzi ophezulu wokwenza okusesikweni, hayi nje ukuzuza iinkolelo.

Uphando Nezigqibo Ezifanelekileyo

Abatshutshisi baqalisa ukusebenza ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuvavanywa. Basebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabameli bomthetho, baqwalasela iingxelo, ubungqina bokuqinisekisa, iingxelo zobungqina, kunye nokuhlola. Eli candelo lophando liyafuneka kuba limisela isiseko setyala lonke. Abatshutshisi kufuneka baqwalasele ukuba ubungqina basemthethweni obaneleyo ukuba buxhase ukubekwa kwetyala ngalinye. Kwakhona baqwalasela izinto ezinjengobukhulu bolwaphulo-mthetho, imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho, amandla obungqina, kwaye ukuthembeka kwetyala. Kwimimandla emininzi, abatshutshisi banokukwazi ukugweba ngokuphandle ukuba balahle izityholo xa bemele ukuba bazenze, bavumele ukuba banikele ingqalelo kwimicimbi eyingozi. Olu lwazi lunokufeza isigqibo esinzulu, ukuqinisekisa ukukhusela okugqithisileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwetyala, ukusetyenziswa kwetyala eliyingozi, ukugqwenga ekumangalezelweni ngetyala, ngoxa bengenatyala.

Ukulungiselela Imeko Nokuboniswa Kwetyala

Xa kubekwa izityholo, umsebenzi womtshutshisi uyakhula. Abatshutshisi abancedisayo badla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamagqwetha esithili okanye amagqwetha karhulumente ngezantsi ngokweeveki okanye iinyanga ezilungiselela amangqina okulungiselela ubungqina, ukulungiselela ukuququzelela iprojekthi, ukuququzelela intetho yabo engokwasemthethweni, nokulungisa ingcamango yabo yetyala. Kufuneka bakhangele iimpikiswano zommangaleli baze balungiselele iimpikiswano ezibhaliweyo. Ekumangalweni, abatshutshisi banikela ubungqina obubonisa ityala labo, bebiza amangqina, befaka ubungqina bokuqinisekisa iprojelo ngalinye lolwaphulo-mthetho. Umtshutshisi uveza ingxelo echaza ngokucacileyo imbali eyinyaniso, uqhuba intetho ecacileyo yamangqina abo, kwaye kamva unikela impikiswano yokuqulukumbela ethetha ubungqina kwaye ubongoza umgwebi ukuba agwebe. Ngexesha lokuzikhusela, inyathelo lomtshutshisi-oweli-e, efuna ukuthob ’ ukugxoxa ityala, ukugxoka kwabo.

Ukufumana ibhatyi yentsimbi kunye nendima yayo ecwangcisiweyo

Ngaphezu kwama-90% amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho eUnited States aconjululwe ngokucela izicelo zetyala kunokuba avavanywe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukucelw ’ umngcel ’ ummangalelwa kungomnye wemisebenzi ephambili. Abatshutshisi basenokunika ummangalelwa ithuba lokumangalela ummangalelwa ngetyala elincinane ngenxa yesigwebo esincitshisiweyo, okanye basenokucebisa isigwebo esithile sokubuyisela isifungo sokucela ityala elibi. Isigqibo sokufaka isicelo sibandakanya ukuvavanywa kwetyala sibandakanya ukuvavanya amandla obungqina, ixabiso letyala, imfuno yexhoba, kunye nengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Abamangali-mthetho abamangalelwayo abasayi kusebenzisa isisongelo esiqatha sokunyanzela umntu omsulwa ukuba acele ityala elimsulwa, kodwa uxinzelelo olukhulu lokujamelana netyala lwenza ukwenziwa kwetyala kube nzima ukuchasa ngamandla.

Iimbopheleleko zoMphathiswa

Igqwetha lephondo alimelanga umxhasi ngokwesithethe; kunoko, umtshutshisi umela umdla woluntu ngokusesikweni. Lo mahluko uvelisa imisebenzi emininzi ekhethekileyo:

  • I-Dislactylore e-Brady: Ukusukela kwityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo ye-U.S. Brady v. Maryland [1963], abatshutshisi kufuneka bachaze nabuphi na ubungqina obulungileyo kummangalelwa ```Ityala elimangalelwa''''''. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kungaphumela ekurhoxisweni kwetyala nesohlwayo sobugcisa.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Icebo lokulungisa ubungqina bobuxoki: Ukuba umtshutshisi uyazi ukuba ingqina lingqinele ubuxoki, babophelelekile ukuba balungise irekhodi, nokuba ubungqina bobuxoki bunceda ityala lomtshutshisi.
  • Ukuphepha ukuchasa okubhaliweyo: Abatshutshisi abanako ukuzisa izityholo okanye basongele izigwebo eziqatha ukusohlwaya ummangalelwa ngokusebenzisa amalungelo omgaqo-siseko, njengamalungelo kwityala labachopheli-tyala.
  • Intelekelelo yeMdla: Abatshutshisi kufuneka baphephe ulwalamano lobuqu, lwemali, okanye lwezobupolitika olunokulalanisa ugwebo lwabo olungakhethi bulungisa.

Le mithetho yokuziphatha ayingomnqweno nje; ukuphulwa kungakhokelela ekugxothweni kwezityholo, ukubuyiselwa kwetyala, kwanasekumangaleleni umtshutshisi kwiimeko ezimandundu. Ibonakalisa umgaqo wokuba urhulumente umele abambelele kumgangatho ophezulu ukuba ufuna okufanayo kobekwe ityala.

Indima Yokhuselo

Igqwetha elikhuselayo limi njengegosa eliphambili lommangalelwa neqhinga lenkqubo elichasayo. Ngoxa maxa wambi abameli bokhuselo balujonga ngokukrokra .

Ukuya kumsebenzi womxhasi nophando

Ngokungafaniyo nabatshutshisi, amagqwetha aqala ngokuzithethelela ngokunempumelelo ngokuhlola okucokisekileyo. Amagqwetha okhuselo adibana nabaxhasi bawo ukuze aqonde izibakala ezisuka kumbono wommangalelwa, aqokelele amangqina, aqokelele amaxwebhu, aze achaze ubuthathaka obubonakalayo. Ngokungafaniyo nabatshutshisi, amagqwetha angazinyanzelekanga ukutyhila izinto awazifumanayo kwilizwe (ngaphandle kwezimo ezilinganiselweyo ezifana ne-arikobi okanye ukukhusela ukuquluphala kwengqondo). Oku kubandakanya ukulingana kwemeko yetyala: kulungelelanisa ubuchule obungaphezulu kakhulu nokufikelela komthetho. Uphengululo lokhuselo-mkhosi lungaquki kubandakanye abaphandi, iingcali zezezonyango, okanye iingcali zengqondo. Zisenokuhamba ngefayili ukuze zikhuphe ubungqina obufunyenweyo ngokufuna uphengululo olungekho mthethweni okanye ukukhusela ekusebenziseni kwe-mthetho.

Iqhinga elingokwasemthethweni nomelo lwetyala

Ukuzenzela ubuchule bokuzikhusela bubugcisa kunye nenzululwazi. Amagqwetha okhuselo kufuneka agqibe ukuba ahlasele ubungqina obuchanekileyo betyala, anikele isiqinisekiso sokuvuma (njengokuzikhusela ngokwakhe, ukusangana, okanye ukuhlasela), okanye aphikisa ukuba urhulumente uphumelele ukuhlangabezana noxanduva lwawo. Ekulingweni, igqwetha lenkundla likhupha amazwi okuvula amazwi anokubonisa ubuthathaka kwityala lomtshutshisi okanye ukunikela inguqulelo yeziganeko zommangalelwa. Ngexesha lokunqamleza, ukuphendula, amagqwetha ngempumelelo, ukubuza ngobuchule ukubhexa amangqina okubhenela, ukutshintshana, okanye ukuswela kolwazi. Kwakhona asenokubiza amangqina abo kunye neengcali zabo ukuphikisa abamangali betyala. Ukuquququzelela kwengxwa kwetyala lokutshutshiswa kwetyala nokukhuthaza ingxhwebo ngaphandle kokuba kuvunyiwe nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi naleyo imo engqiniweyo.

Ukusebenzisana kweminxeba yokhuselo

Amagqwetha athethelelayo, ukucela ukungxengxeza likrele elinokuphuma kabini. Isibongozo esilungileyo singakhusela umxhasi ubungozi besigwebo eside emva kokuvavanywa, kodwa kwakhona kufuna ummangalelwa ukuba arhoxe amalungelo abalulekileyo `kuquka ilungelo lokuvavanywa, ilungelo lokumangalelwa, nelungelo lokumelana namangqina, kunye nelungelo lokuzithethelela. Icebiso lokhuselo kufuneka lichaze ngokupheleleyo nasiphi na isibongozo esinikelwayo kwaye liqinisekise ukuba isigqibo sokusamkela okanye sokusichasa siso sodwa. Amagqwetha akhuselayo akaze anyanzele umxhasi ukuba avume ukuba uvalelwe ngetyala ukuba umxhasi ugcine ityala, kodwa kwakhona amele anikele icebiso elifanelekileyo ngamandla nobuthathaka betyala. Amagqwetha akhusela amaninzi ajonge ukuphendula ityala njengamathuba okuphendula umtshutshisiwawo, abonise ukunikela iimeko zomntu.

Iimbopheleleko zokhuselo

Amagqwetha okhuselo asebenza phantsi kwemithetho yawo eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha, elinganisa impumelelo epheleleyo nengqinelanayo:

  • Ukuzithethelela: Ilungelo eliyigqwesi-cleent lingcwele. Amagqwetha okhuselo akanako ukutyhila uthungelwano lwabaxhasi, nokuba anokuveza iqela lesithathu okanye angqineka ephoxekile. Iintlobo zixinene kakhulu, zidla ngokuthintela ukufa okusondeleyo okanye umonakalo omkhulu womzimba.
  • Umelo lobuGcisa loMntu oluTyelelayo: amagqwetha okhuselo abophelelekile ngokwesiko ukukhuthaza ngokukrakra abaxhasi bawo phakathi kwemida yomthetho. Oku kuquka ubungqina obulucelomngeni, ukulwa nehambo engafanelekanga yomtshutshisi, nokuphakamisa zonke izikhuselo ezisebenzayo ezisemthethweni.
  • [[UMTL:0] Akukho Bubungqina bobuxoki obungaziwayo: Igqwetha elikhuselayo alinakunikela ubungqina abaziyo ukuba bububuxoki, kwaye alinakumvumela umxhasi ukuba anikele ubungqina obububuxoki. Ukuba umxhasi unyanzelisa ukuba azixoke, igqwetha lingafuneka ukuba lirhoxe okanye lithathe amanye amanyathelo okulungisa.
  • Ukuphepha Impikiswano Yomdla: amagqwetha okhuselo akanakumela abamangalelwa abaninzi ukuba oko kumelelwa kungadala ukunyaniseka okungqubanayo okanye kuthintele amandla abo okuxhasa umxhasi ngamnye ngokobuqu.

Le mithetho iqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lusebenza njengobunzima obunentsingiselo kurhulumente. Ngaphandle kokubotshwa kwesimilo, ukukhuselwa ngamandla, inkqubo yokukhusela iwela kumthetho nje apho ingqiniseko ithenjiswa kunokuba isetyenziselwe.

Igalelo phakathi kokutshutshiswa nokhuselo

Ngelixesha ukutshutshiswa nokuzikhusela kulutshaba, ulwalamano lwabo lulawulwa yimithetho kunye neenkqubo ezidala inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, eqikelelweyo. Le ngxaki ayisosiphazamiso; yi-injini yokufumana inyaniso. Icala ngalinye livavanya ubungqina bomnye, libhenca ubuthathaka, kwaye linyanzelela omnye ukuba athethelele zonke iziphakamiso. Inkqubo engokwasemthethweni ixhomekeke kulo khuphiswano ukuze kuvezwe iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ukufunyaniswa kunye nentshukumo zangaphambili

Phambi kokuvavanywa, omabini amacala abandakanyeka kwi intelekelelo , ukutshintshisana okusesikweni kobungqina kunye nolwazi. Kwimimandla emininzi, ukutshutshiswa kufuneka kujike bonke ubungqina obunxulumeneyo, kuquka ukukhutshelwa kwezinto ezikhoyo. Iimfuno zokhuselo zilinganiselwe kakhulu, kodwa amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuzikhusela ukutyhila iindidi ezithile zobungqina, njengamangqina okanye ingcali. Iingxelo zangaphambili zokulungisa iziphumo zicombulula imibango esemthethweni phambi kokuba abachopheli-tyala bahleli. Izenzo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuthatha imiqathango yokucinezela ubungqina, ukuqesha ukulahla izityholo zobungqina obunganelanga, kunye nezenzo zokuguqula indawo ngenxa yosasazo. Ezi zinyathelo zomthetho ziqinisekisa ukuba iimvavanyo olufanelekileyo, iingxelo ezithe ngqo nezingokwasemthethweni ziqwalaselwe zichazwa. Iprojenti ezidla ngokuvavanywa kunye nezigweba phambi kovavanyo, abagwebi abagwebi abagwebi, abagwebi abagwebi abagwebi abagwebi, abagwebi abagwebi abagwebi abagwebi aba

Ulwahlulo-mda lwetyala

Ngexesha lokuvavanya, uthungelwano phakathi kwesiluleko lukhutshwa kakhulu. Ingtshutshiso iveza imeko yayo kuqala, kwangoko ukhuseleko lunethuba lokunikela olwalo. Icala ngalinye lingalwa nobungqina obungafanelekanga, kwaye ijaji ibeke imithetho kwezi zimvo. Ukunqamleza okusebenzayo bububuchule obubalulekileyo kumacala omabini . Abatshutshisi bafuna ukungabaxeleli abakhuselayo, ngoxa abameli besebenza ukuthob'ityala ukuthob'a amangqina. Uxanduva lobungqina [[[[FLT: 1]] aluze luguqukele kukhuselo; ukutshutshiswa kufuneka babonise ukuba banetyala okungaphaya kokuthandabuzeka okukhoyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba abakhuseli abanikela ubungqina kubo bonke, abagwebi kufuneka bakhuphe ukuba imeko yokugweba ityala ayinele. Ijajinga, irubi imiyalelo egwebayo, icandelo eligcina icala lamacala omabini amacala.

Intshukumo nezibheno zasemva

Isigqibo asisiso isiphelo. Iqela eliphulukana netyala lingayifaka ifayile yemiqathango yasemva kwetyala licela ijaji ukuba ibeke ecaleni isigqibo okanye imiyalelo entsha . umzekelo, ukuba isigqibo sabachopheli-tyala sasichasene nobunzima bobungqina okanye ukuba iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni zenzeka. Ukuba ezo ntshukumo aziphumeleli, isibheno kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno azikho zimvavanyo ezintsha; iinkundla ze-appelte azikhange zihlole iingxelo zokuvavanya imposiso ezisemthethweni, ezinje ngokuvunywa kwemiyalelo ephosakeleyo yejajini, okanye ityala elingekho mthethweni. Inkundla yezokhuselo yezomthetho isenokuyixhasa ityala, ibuyisela, okanye imondyezo yokulungisa imogosayo esetyenziswayo yoomthetho kwaye ayiyiyo.

Ilungu Lomntu: Amaxhoba, Abameli, Noluntu

Ngasemva kweendima ezingokwasemthethweni ngabantu bokwenene. Amaxhoba kunye neentsapho zawo asoloko ejonge kwityala lokuthethelelwa nokuvalwa kwetyala. Ukuzithethelela, okwangoku, kumi ecaleni komntu onenkululeko (nexesha elithile ubomi obusengozini.) Abatshutshisi kufuneka balungelelanise izilangazelelo zamaxhoba nomdla othelekelele kwimicimbi esesikweni. Amagqwetha amele akhuthaze ngenzondelelo kwanabaxhasi abanokuthi abantu badele. Oku kubangela ukuba umlinganiselo womntu ugxininise kuzo zonke izigqibo, kodwa umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho ukho ngokuchanekileyo ekuthinteleni iimvakalelo zobuqu ekuphakaleni inyaniso. Umtshutshisi-mthetho othe rhane kakhulu kwintelelo angabubetha bubugqwele ubungqina obucacileyo; igqwethawe enyanyeni elicekisiweyo elithenjiweyo lisenokusilela ukulungiselela ingqeqesho nempatho.

Ingqikelelo-magama oluthelekisayo: Iinkqubo ze-Inquisitorial

Iindima zokumangalelwa nokuzikhusela njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla ziimpawu zeenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe aqhelekileyo e-United States, iUnited Kingdom, iCanada, ne-Australia. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo ze-inquarial (amazwe aqhelekileyo amakhaya anjenge Fransi, iJamani, neJapan) abeka indima esebenzayo kuMgwebi ekuhloleni izibakala. Kwinkqubo zokuncinwa, ukuvunywa nokuzikhusela kusekho, kodwa ijaji (okanye uphando oluphando) iqokelela ubungqina, imibuzo, kwaye ifeza indima encinci. Umsebenzi ongundoqo wokuzikhusela ongundoqo onjalo uyaqhubeka ukhusela amalungelo ancitshiswayo, kodwa ukhuselwa kuvavanywa ngokusetyenziswa komthetho osemthethweni nangakumbi.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Kwenkqubo Yanamhlanje

Akukho nkqubo yobulungisa yobulungisa igqibeleleyo, kwaye imodeli yemodeli ijongene nogxeko olubalulekileyo. Inkxalabo enkulu yiyo ibangela ukungalingani phakathi kwengtshutshiso neyokhuseleko, ingakumbi kwimimandla apho ii-ofisi zokhuselo zikawonke-wonke ziphantsi kwemiqathango nenzima. Abatshutshisi basoloko befumana uxinzelelo lwe-abrensic, oochwepheshe, oochwepheshe, kunye neempahla ezininzi ezithi ziphele iziphumo zikawonke-wonke ezingekhoyo. Oku kungavela iziphumo ezithelekisayo, ingakumbi ii-inshophoskripti ezithe, ingakumbi ii-ompephaza-mfathi. Olunye ucelomngeni luyingxaki [[FLT:] [Foct2] [fleapple] eluncedo phakathi koncedo lwengxaki, kunye noncedo lwengxaki ekhoyo, ingcunyukelelwa phambili kubungqina obungaphakade, i-90%%, xa kuthenwa ezinye iimeko ezithenwa ngokunxanobubulungisa, ezitheneyo, ezitheneyo, ezithene

Ingqokelela yamanani engundoqo kunye nemizekelo yetyala

Ukuqonda impembelelo yokwenene yetyala nendima yokuzikhusela, cinga la manani: NgokweBreau of Justice Statistics, kwiinkundla zikarhulumente, abangaphezu kwama-90% babamangalelwa abagwetywayo ababotshelelwe ngetyala kunokuba baye kumatyala. Iinkundla zelizwe zibonisa amaqondo afanayo. Iingxelo zeInnocence Project ezifanayo. Ukususela ngo 1989, ityala le-199, uMary [196] [193], [ukuzenziwa kwemeko eziqhelekileyo], [FOT] [12] [4]) kunye nemigaqo engaxhaswangagunyaziswangasemthethweni.

Ukhokelo Olusebenzisekayo Kubaphengululi Abaphambili Ezezomthetho

Abafundi bomthetho namagqwetha amatsha acinga ngemisebenzi yomthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuqonda amacala omabini e-arhente yoonontlalo-ntle kubaluleke kakhulu. Abatshutshisi kufuneka bafunde ukucinga njengamagqwetha akhuselayo ukuze bacinge ukuba bayakwazi ukuphikisa iimpikiswano zabo, kwaye amagqwetha afanele aqonde iindlela zokumangalela iimvavanyo zokwenene, ukuqwalasela ii-ofisi zabatshutshisi, ukuqhubana nabatshutshisi okanye abaxhasi benkqubo yemfaniso, kunye nomsebenzi wezifundo zemfaniso, kunganika ubuchule obusebenzisekayo bokucacisa ubungqina, ukubhala ngokusemthethweni, nokuqiqaqa-wa kwaloo macala, nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani na. Abo banomdla kwimicimbiswa yinkqubo bangahlola imigaqo ejolisekileyo ekuphuculeni imigaqo ephosakeleyo, ukufunyanwa, nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela komgangatho osemthethweni. Ilizwe linika amathuba ahlukeneyo, ukusetyenziswa ngomthetho, enoba kusetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo yemfundo, okanye ngokwemfundo, enoba kusini na, okanye imfundo.

Isiphelo

Iindima zokutshutshisa nokuzikhusela kumthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho zingaphezulu kakhulu kunezibizo ezisebenzayo. Zimela iintsika ezimbini apho kuhlala khona okusesikweni: amandla karhulumente okugcina abantu benobuzalelwa, nelungelo lomntu lokuxhathisa elo gunya kwimfazwe esesikweni. Abatshutshisi kufuneka basebenzise igunya labo ngokuzibamba nangokuthembeka, besoloko bekhumbula ukuba umsebenzi wabo kukusesikweni, hayi ekoyiseni. Amagqwetha amele akhuthaze ngokungenaloyiko abaxhasi bawo, aqinisekise ukuba onke amalungu ebutho labantu abuthathaka akabotshelelwanga ngumatshini wesizwe., bonke obu buchule babo bokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuba, nangona bengafezekanga, bahlala besenza omnye wemigudu ephambili yoluntu yokulungelelanisa nokukhulula. Kuye nawuphi na umntu oququlethwe ngumthetho, okanye aqiniseke ukuba awazi kakuhle, okanye alwaneempatho-o, awaziwa amaqela amaqela olwaziyo alungeleneyo.

ukuqhubekeka kokufunda, ukuhlolisisa iZiko leMelika leBar Icandelo lobulungisa obuPhambili[[FLT:]], iprojekthi yeInnocence iziphumo kulwazi oluphosakeleyo[, kunye neU.S. Department yeJaji yeJaji yeSigwebo [] imbono yokucelwa kwezicelo.