ISihlalo soMgaqo-siseko seKhomishini yoKhetho lweIndiya

IKhomishini yoNnyulo yaseIndiya (ECI) ime njengembombo yedemokhrasi enkulu yehlabathi. Imiswe phantsi iArticle 324 yemGaqo-siseko waseIndiya, liqumrhu elisisigxina eliphathiswe idemo-siseko, isikhokelo, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yonyulo olupheleleyo lwePalamente, iindlu zorhulumente, kunye nee-ofisi zoMongameli noMongameli wase-Indiya. Ngokungafaniyo neminye imibutho yabacholithi kwi-democracrali esebenza phantsi kolawulo oluphezulu, i-ECI yenzelwe ukusebenza ngokwayo, ikhuselwe kwiingcinezelo zezobupolitika. Ices isebenza ngokuzinziwo zonke iinjongo zezopolitiko. Amandla alo akhutshwe ekuphumeleni kweziphumo, unyusombululo lwezi, oluneyo olucacileyo, oluneyo oluneyo oluneyo oluneyo olusebenzayo kwilizwe loburhulumente.

Indaleko Neziganeko Ezibalaseleyo

Ukusekwa Neminyaka Yangaphambili

I-ECI yasekwa 25 kaJanuwari 1950].

Ugqithiso kumzimba onemizimba emininzi

Ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka i-ECI yahlala ililungu elinye lomzimba. Noko ke, ukukhula kwemiba kunye nezityholo zokuziphatha kwabaququ ngexesha lonyulo luka 1989 kwabangela ukutshintshwa. Ngo-Oktobha 1989, urhulumente watshintsha umthetho ukuze aguqulele ukhomishini kwilungu lesithathu, ukongeza iiKhomishinala ezimbini zokhulo ukunceda iCEC. Le nguqulelo ijolise ekuhambiseni amandla kunye nokuphuhlisa izigqibo zeqela. Ikomiti ejoliswe kumiselo lwelungu elinye ngo-1990 phambi kokuba ibuyiselwe kumalungu amathathu ngo 1993 phantsi koMphathi-Mphathi-mikhosi Eqululo kunye nomnye (Iziqulo Zomsebenzi). Namhlanje iECI iququze i-Scommentomist Commist Commist kunye nee-Ecommisterers ezimbini, zonke izigqibo ezilinganayo ngo-19909.

Izehlo Zophawu Lomhlaba

I-ECI iqhube amaxesha amaninzi anzima: ukumiswa kwe-Emergency (1975-191977) xa unyulo lwabekwa; ukuveliswa kwe-Ectronec Voting Machines (EVM) ngesiseko somqhubi wenqwelo-moya ngo1982; ukusetyenziswa okuthe jikelele kwee-EVM ngo-2004; kunye nokuphunyezwa kweVoter Veredified Paper Digidition transcations (VVPATs) ukusuka ngo-2013. Incopho nganye ibonisa amandla obuchule obulungelelanisayo bobugcisa kunye nocelomngeni lwezobupolitika.

Isakhiwo, Ukwakhiwa, Nokutyunjwa

UmKhomishinala Oyintloko Wokhetho

UMongameli we-Indiya umisela uMphathi-mikhosi oyintloko woNnyuko kunye nabaKhomishinala ababini boNnyulo. Bakhonza izindululo ezisisigxina zeminyaka emithandathu okanye de babe neminyaka engama-65 ubudala, de bafike kuqala. ICEC ifumana umvuzo kunye namalungelo afanayo njengejaji leNkundla ePhakamileyo, lo gama abaKhomisi boPhuhliso belingana nabagwebi abakwizindlu zombini zePalamente. Eli lungiselelo linika ukhuseleko oluninzi lwabalishumi kwaye likhusela ulawulo lwenkundla. Abaququququzeleli be-Cemo bangasuswa kuphela ekunconyelweni kwe-CEC, ukongeza umaleko owongezelelweyo wokunga intlawulo olufana nowongamntluko ephakamileyo.

Imisebenzi

Iimeko zenkonzo zichazwa yiKhomishini yoNqumo (Izindululo Zenkonzo Yokhetho Nentsebenziswano Yeshishini), uMthetho, 1991. Isenzo siqinisekisa ukuba amagama akanakutshintshwa kumonakalo wobutyala emva kokumiswa. Umsebenzi womsebenzi njengeqela, nezigqibo ezithatyathwe yivoti enkulu. Ukuba ngaba i-CEC ivote, nangona kufunwa ngokwenyani. Ukukhanya kokusebenza kwayo kwangaphakathi kuye kwabuzwa ngamaxesha athile, kodwa imithetho esesikweni ilawula imisebenzi yayo.

Imisebenzi ye-Core naMagunya angokwasemthethweni

Ulawulo lweroli

I-ECI inomthwalo wokulungiselela nokuzihlaziya okucwangcisayo rhoqo kweeroli zonyulo kuzo zonke iingqungquthela kunye neentlanganiso. Phantsi ko Unikezelo loMthetho, 1950, ikomishini ithatha uhlolo lwesishwankathelo nyaka ngamnye kunye needrapo zoluvo olukhethekileyo njengoko ziyimfuneko. Ubhaliso lwe-Online ukhutshelwe ngenkonzo ye-Port (NVSP) kunye nee-apps ezirhuqwayo ziyenze yalula inkqubo, ivumela abemi ukuba babhalise, bahlaziye iidilesi, bahlole amagama abo.

Ukuziphatha Konyulo

I-ECI inika ucwangciso lonyulo emva kokumisa uMongameli okanye iRhuluneli. Ivelela lonke iqonga: ukusuka ekufakeni izikhokelo nasekuhloleni ukuya kukwabiwa kweempawu, ukubhiyozelwa kwephulo, ukuphonononga, ukubala, kunye nesibhengezo sesiphumo. IKhomishini inyanzela iKhowudil yeNdlela yeNdlela yoPhatho (MCC)[[FLT]] [iindawo ekhoyo] `a imigaqo yesikhokelo esebenza ngokukhawuleza xa kubhengezwa ucwangciso lonyulo. I-MCC ilawula iphulo, izibhengezo, izibhengezo, izibhengezo, kunye nokusetyenziswa koo matshini zikarhulumente ukukhusela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla.

Izixhobo ezithe zasetyenziswa

Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka bafake iifayile ze-affidavits ezichaza ii-accomptings zabo zolwaphulo-mthetho, iimpahla zemali, amatyala, kunye neemfaneleko zemfundo. I-ECI yenza ezi zi-affidavits zifumaneke kwi-intanethi ukunika abavoti ulwazi. Ngayo inkqubo edityanisiweyo yemfundo ne-Electoral Guvention (SEP) inkqubo, inkqubo yekhomishini iqhuba amaphulo evoti, ingakumbi amaphulo okuvota amatsha kunye namavoti, amabhinqa, amaqela, kunye noluntu olucekelwe.

Uhlolo kunye nonyanzelo

I-ECI inamagunya okhetho phantsi kwenqaku 324 ukukhupha imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo. Ingabenza bafanelekele ukungaphumeleli ukuqokelela iindleko zonyulo okanye uqheliselo lokonakala. Ingalwa nonyulo oluchaphazelekayo ukuba abenzi bomsebenzi ongafanelekanga bafunyanisiwe. Ngexesha lonyulo, ikhomishini isebenza njengeee-Ecomment Observers `/general, inkcitho, kunye nabaqwali- mapolisa. /* Ukuqwalasela ihambo yamaqela ajikelezayo kunye namaqela e-vidiyo anceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela i-MCC.

Inkqubela yoKhetho: Inyathelo Ngenyathelo Lemboniselo

Ulawulo

Le nkqubo iqala ngeKhomishini yoNhlolo ikhupha isaziso esichaza imihla yokuphoswa kweminxeba, ukuphengululwa, ukurhoxa, ukuvota, nokubala. Abangenisi bafaka amaphepha abo okufakelwa kokhuseleko kunye ne-affidavits ezifunekayo. Scrutiny iqhutywa ngumphathi wokubuya, onokukwala ukusetyenziswa kwemipu engekho mphini.

Ukubhaka nemithetho Yokuziphatha

Xa abathathi-nxaxheba begqityelwa, ixesha lephulo liqala. Amatheko ezobupolitika aba nentlanganiso, ukucanda iminyango ukuya kwindlu yomnyango, kunye nezibhengezo ze-media. I-ECI inyanzelisa ngokungqongqo i-MCC, evala ukubhena okusekelwe kumaqela amaqela, ukunyotywa, nokusetyenziswa kweendawo zokunqula ukuze kuqhutywe iphulo. Ikwalawula ixesha lokuthula (iyure ezingama-43 ngaphambi kokubhiyobela) xa kuthenwa.

Imisebenzi Yosuku Lodaka

Ukwenziwa kombhalo kusetyenziswa i-EVPATs (eVM) kunye ne-VVPATs kuzo zonke izitishi zokuvota. I VVPAT ishicilela iphepha elityibilikayo elinokujongwa ngefestile encinane ngaphambi kokuvota. Umzila wephepha uvumela uqinisekiso xa kukho impikiswano. I-ECI iqinisekisa ukuba izitishi zokucola zifikeleleka kubantu abaneziphene, abalupheleyo abavoti, kunye nabafazi. Izicwangciso ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nabo bonke abafazi abavotayo nezitishi kunye nezitishi ezilawulwa ngabantu abaneziphene.

Isalathisi soMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe

Ukubala kuqala ngomhla ochaziweyo, kudla ngokuqala iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuvota. IECI imisa abaphathi bokubuya kunye nabaqwalaseli ukuba bongamele inkqubo. IVVVPAT ityibilika ukusuka kwinani elibalulekileyo leminquba ekhethwe ngokulandelelanayo iyaqinisekiswa nxamnye nobalo lwe-EVM ukuqinisekisa ucoselelo. Emva kokubala, ikomishini ichaza ngokusemthethweni abaphumeleleyo kunye neengxelo zesiqinisekiso sonyulo.

Ulolongo lobugcisa kunye nokwenziwa

Oomatshini bombane (EVM)

IECI yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-EVM ukuphelisa ukuvota kwenkohliso kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo zezandla. ii-EVM zingumphandle ocacileyo, osetyenziswa yibhethri, kwaye azifuni kudityaniswa naluphi na uthungelwano, izenza zinganyangeki ukukrwela. Kwiminyaka, ikhomishini iphucule oomatshini ukuquka "Ayikho kweyongasentla" (NOTA), evezwe ngo-2013. Uvavanyo olunamandla kunye nophicoselelo lwesithathu lwecandelo lwendawo luye lwaqhutywa ukuphendula imibandela emalunga nokunyaniseka.

Umzila wophicotho-zincwadi ophicothiweyo wephepha (VVPAT)

Emva kwemigaqo yeNkundla ePhakamileyo, iVVPAT inikeza indlela yoqinisekiso oluphathekayo. Ngexesha lokubala, iVVPAT ityibilika ukusuka kwizitishi ezihlanu ezikhethiweyo ngokulandelelana kwintlanganiso nganye (okanye ngoothunywa bepalamente nganye) i-EVVVPA i-operances ijongelwa ngesandla ukunqamleza nge-EVM-refidiestive i-ECI icebise ulwandiso lwe-SCI ngohlobo lwe-Modelthifix ye-M-VVPAT

Ukwakheka kwamanani

I-cVIGIL ehambayo ivumela abemi ukuba baxele ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-MCC ngexesha lokwenene ngokuphakamisa umfanekiso okanye ubungqina bevidiyo. I-applog ithumela uphaphele isiganeko kwaye ithumela uphaphele amaqela abhabhabhayo ukuze enze into ekhawulezileyo. i-online coffr i-NVSP kunye ne-Pirline Comment app i-UMer Relice isebenzisa iinkonzo zovoti. I-ECI ikwasebenzisa ukuqwalasela i-webcaca elebhu elinovekileyo kwizikhululo zonyusotho kunye nee-medialytic zentlalo kwimbali ye-mfono.

Ucelomngeni Neengxubusho Eziqhubekayo

Imisebenzi yemali

Phezu kwazo nje iinkqubo ezomeleleyo, iingxaki ziyaqhubekeka. Ukuthengiswa notywala ngexesha lonyulo, eyaziwa ngokuba "zizii-ii-intelligence" kuhlala kusasazekile. I-ECI imisele iinkqubo zokuhlola njengeeseli zokuhlola inkcitho kunye namaqela okuhlola amileyo, kodwa umlinganiselo wemali ebandayo, kodwa usoloko ubaleka ube ngamakhulu eecroress , nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugcinwa komthetho ngokupheleleyo.

Uloyiko Nogonyamelo

Kwezinye iindawo, abavoti bajongene nesoyikiso samadoda anamandla asekuhlaleni okanye akwimikhosi yezobupolitika. I-ECI ithumela amapolisa axhobileyo (CAPF) edityaniswe namapolisa karhulumente kwiindawo ezichukumisileyo. Imikhosi yamajoni isoloko ikhutshwa emoyeni kwi-potopoti ezishushu, kodwa iziganeko zokuthinjwa kweminquba nogonyamelo zisekho, ingakumbi kumazwe aneenkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezizigqeba.

Ukukholosa Ngombane

Ngoxa ii-EVM zincitshisile ubuqhetseba, ukuthandabuza ngendalo yazo yokukhusela uphando kuyaqhubeka phakathi kwamaqela ezobupolitika namaqela abantu. I-ECI ilungiselele imiboniso evulekileyo kwaye ivumela amaqela ezobupolitika ukuba avavanye oomatshini, kodwa iimfuno ze-100% VVPAT ziyaqhubeka zingqinelana. INkundla Ephakamileyo ne-ECI ziye zalwamkela ubalo olupheleleyo lwezandla oluchaza impumelelo nokhuseleko, kodwa ingxoxo ayikaphenduli.

Ukungakhathali nokuhamba okusezantsi

Ubhaqo lwase-Urban nolutsha ludla ngokuhlala emva kokuthabatha inxaxheba emaphandleni. Amaphulo e-ECI's SVEEP ajolise kwizikolo, iikholeji, iiofisi zenkampani, kunye nebutho labantu abahlala khona. Kodwa, imibandela efana namadinga obuxoki, ukunqongophala kwamaphulo asekelwe kwimbambano, kunye nokurhoxa komdla. Ikomishini iveze amanyathelo afana ne-"ISikolo sabemi abakhulu kunye nabantu abaneziphene, kodwa bonke abahlala bengumsebenzi oqhubekeka.

Utshintsho Olukhulu Nezincomelo

Impikiswano Ngeentambo

Ngo-2018, urhulumente wasungula amaqhina okukhetha njengesixhobo seminikelo yezopolitiko engachazwanga. I-ECI yavakalisa inkxalabo yokuba amaqhina aya kwandisa ukungoneliseki kwimali yenkxaso yephulo. Isicwangciso sacelw'iciselwa phantsi kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo, eyathi ngowama-2024 yayibetha njengengavumelaniyo, iyibiza ngokuthi kukuphulwa kwelungelo lolwazi. I-ECI yayisoloko iphikisa ngommiselo ocacileyo kunye nokutyhilwa kwexesha lokwenene.

Imali yeCandelo neMidlalo

I-ECI icebise ukuhlaziywa kweShedyuli yeSigqeba seshumi somGaqo-siseko ukomeleza amalungiselelo achasene notyalo. Kwakhona ifuna ukuba kubekho inkxaso-mali yocholo okanye ilungiselelo lexesha elikhululekileyo lolwazi lwezixhobo zokusasaza ukucutha ukukholosa ngeminikelo yabucala. Ezinye zezi zincomelo zihlala zihleli norhulumente.

Ixesha lokuxhasa kweRhulumente nelokuPhumeza

IKhomishini yoMthetho neekomiti ezahlukahlukeneyo zepalamente zigqibile isicelo se-ECI semali karhulumente elinganiselweyo. Ikhomishini yacebisa ukuba i-Goouddarshan kunye ne-All Radio Indiya inika amaqela ezobupolitika ixesha elikhululekileyo lokuza kuthabatha iphulo, elisele lisetyenziswa kumaqela esizwe namaqela agqalwayo kodwa lifuna ulwando kumaqela amancinane.

Ukhupho kunye nolongelo olukude

Ukulungisa iimfuno zabantu abafudukayo bangaphakathi .mlions zabantu abangakwaziyo ukuvota kwimisebenzi yabo yasekhaya ngenxa yokufuduswa.

Ingqikelelo yokuthelekisa kunye nokweenkcukacha ezisehlabathini

I-ECI isoloko ikhankanywa njengemodemo-mfomfono-mfono-mfono-mfono kumazwe asakhasayo. Ngokungafaniyo neKhomishini yoNqulo lwaseUnited States, eliyi-bipartisan isebe elisoloko linqunyulwa lisebenzisa i-ICI lisebenzisa i-ICT kwimfundo yezobupolitika. Ngo- 2015, i-ECI yafumana i-"Democracy Award" esuka kwi-International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) ngenxa yokuqalisa kwayo ukusebenzisa i-ICT yemfundo yovoti yemfundo yovoti yezizwe ezihambela unyulo-mali. Ikhomishini ikwanenxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokuhlola unyulo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe, isebenzisa ubuchule bayo ekuqhube unyulo kumgangatho omkhulu.

Isiphelo

IKhomishini yoNnyulo yaseIndiya iguquke ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ukuya kwisiko eliyalela ukuhlonelwa kokungakhethi buso kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Ukusuka ekuvotelweni ngencwadi ka1959 ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwesizwe kwe-EVM neVVPATs, i-ECI iye yasoloko iqhelaniswa nocelomngeni lokwenza ulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Okwangoku, ukuvela kwezisongelo / "ezinje" njengemposiso ezinzulu zenkcazelo-yonxibelelwano yekhompyutha, ukuhlasela kwekhompyutha, kunye nokubekwa kwemithetho yezolawulo ngokuhlala rhoqo. Impumelelo yexesha elizayo iya kuxhomekeka ekukwazini kwayo ukulingana, ukukwazi ukuphumelela, nokuzimela phakathi kolawulo lwezopolitiko lwezobupolitika. Njengomgcini-Indiya egcina ingqibelelo, uthumelo luhlala luqinisekisa okona kubalulekileyo kwelizwi ngalinye elibalelwa ngummiminye.

Ukuqhubeka ufundo olubhekele phaya: IKhomishini yoKhetho ye-website esemthethweni yase-Indiya; Ikontitution of India – Inqaku 324; Uphando loMgaqo-jikelo-mthetho-uphando-uphatho lwe-ECI.[FLT]