Ukwakhiwa koLawulo loMgaqo-siseko waseMerika

Urhulumente wase-United States usebenza phantsi kwenkqubo elungiselelwe ngenyameko apho amandla ahlulwe kwaye ahlulwe khona ngamasebe amathathu ahlukeneyo. Esi sakhiwo, esiququzelelwe kumGaqo-siseko wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe, simela ukusabela ngamava olawulo lwamathanga. Abalawuli baqonda ukuba ukubekwa kwamandla kusisisongelo esisisiseko sokukhulula, ukanti kwakhona bayaqonda ukuba urhulumente umele abe negunya elaneleyo lokusebenza ngokunempumelelo. Isiphumo sasiyinkqubo eyahlula amandla orhulumente phakathi komthetho, umphathi, namasebe ejaji, ngalinye elinolawulo lwawo, ngoxa ubuchule obuqinileyo obufuna ukuba basebenzisane, banxibelelane, badibane, bajonge omnye. Oku kusebenza akuyo akuyo nje inkqubo engekhona siseko somthetho; kuyila yonke inkqubo engundoqo, uqingqo-mthetho wemithetho, ulawulo, kunye nomongameli wezomthetho-Melikanvidian, ukuqonda indlela asebenza ngayo la masebe amathathu asebenza ngayo kunye nomnye omele asebenze ngayo kunye norhulumente owenziwe ngayo.

Imvelaphi Yokwahlukana Kwamandla

Isiseko solwazi lwenkqubo yamagunya ahlukeneyo aseMerika sisuka kakhulu kumntu osisithandi sobulumko waseFransi uMontesquieu, omsebenzi wakhe "UMoya Womthetho" waphikisa ukuba inkululeko igcinwe kakuhle xa kugcinwa umthetho, ulawulo, kunye nemisebenzi yokugweba ibekwe ezandleni ezahlukeneyo. Ama-freams eMelika, ingakumbi uJames Madison, ayivumela le ngcamango ukuze alungise inkqubo engeyoyahlula amagunya kuphela kodwa yanika nendlela yokumelana nokugxabhabhana namanye amasebe. Kwindawo ekwakheniwa ngayo. Kwi-Compris No. 51, uMadison, wabhala ngokudumileyo ukuba "imvume imele yenziwe ukuba iphulo," ukuchaza ukuba isakhiwo sikarhulumente ngokwaso simele sinikezele ingcelo ekufuneka ngamandla. Isivumelwano soMgaqophisombululo sonyaka ngamnye esilawulayo sawo onke sawo onke sawo, sayamkela nakuwo onke amasebe alawulayo. Ngokukhawuleza, i-Anti yegunya ngalinye lalena i-Ampine yaya kumaqela alawulayo, i-Virginia, i-Virginia ne-Virginia

Isebe Elisemthethweni

Isebe lowiso-mthetho, elimiselwe kwiGatya I lomGaqo-siseko, linikwe imbopheleleko yokuqala yokwenza imithetho. Ingqungquthela yi-badyral, equka amagumbi amabini aneempawu ezingafaniyo, iziseko ezikhethiweyo, kunye nezithethe ezizimeleyo. Indlu ye-Ofisi, enamalungu ahlukeneyo angama-435 aphakathi kwamazwe asekelwe kubemi, asebenza kwimijikelezo yonyulo egcina abameli bebotshelelwe kufutshane kwii-costatinementations. Indlu, enamalungu alishumi elinawo, namalungu amabini asuka kwilizwe ngalinye, amele adlulise kwimiqatha, asebenze amagama amakhulu ama-6 eenyanga anika inkqubela yemiqatha yesizwe kunye nomgangatho obubanzi wesizwe. Le nkqubo ye-biteralgeri ibiral yayingulala phakathi kwamazwe amakhulu nasemancinane kwiNgqungquthelanawa, kodwa ikwasebenza nakuphumele injongo yawo: umthetho, kufuneka adlulisele inguwo kuwo omabini kwiimeko ezingakumbi kwiNdlund Homeeii yemithetho ee.

Indlu Yabameli

Indlu isoloko ichazwa njengegumbi elikufutshane nabantu, ukubekwa kwegunya elingundoqo kunyulo lwayo lwemithetho ehlaziywayo kunye nendima yayo engokomGaqo-siseko njengosunguli wayo wonke amatyala emali. Indlu inamandla okusungula iingcebiso ngokubhekiselele kumagunya esizwe, kuquka umongameli. Esi sakhiwo singuSithethi-ndlu, esinyulwe liqela elininzi, sisebenzisa igunya elibalulekileyo kwimimiselo yowiso-mthetho, izabelo zekomiti, kunye nenkqubo yomgangatho. Indlu isebenza ngaphantsi kwemithetho elungeleleneyo kunaleyo iNdlukwano, iphethe iingxube elinganiselweyo nengaphakanyiswayo, imigaqo esetyenziswa yiKomiti yeMimiselo. Esi sakhiwo sivumela iqela leqela ukuba liqhube umthetho ngokunempumelelo xa ligcina iqela loqeqesho, kodwa kwakhona likhokelele kwi-gridrookidioksi xa uninzi okanye ulwahlulo lwangaphakathi. Iikomiti zendlu kunye nomsebenzi ophantsi ophantsi, uphakade ulawulo oluthe ngqo, iipropati zeeofisi zesebe, nezithe , iimali ezithenjiweyo,

IBhunga

IBhunga leNdlu yeeNtsimbi lenziwe njengequmrhu elizinzileyo, elinye eliza kuzisa uzinzo nokuqhubeka kurhulumente. Amagunya alo amade athetha ukuba abaququzeli banokuthatha imbono ende yentlalo-ntle yesizwe, ikhuselwe kwiingcinezelo ezikhawulezileyo zikawonke wonke. Amagunya akhethekileyo eBhunga aquka igunya lokuqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli, kuquka iivoti zeCabitte, iijaji zephondo, nabagwebi beNkuletshebe ePhakamileyo, kwanamandla okuqhuba izivumelwano ezixokelelwa lisebe eliphetheyo. I-Relibster, iqhinga elilawulayo elivumela ingxoxo ekhudlulwayo nempumelelo ekufuneka i-66, iivoti ezikhuthayo ukuhambisela phambili umthetho omkhulu, ingulowo wemiqatha yeBhunga leNtsimbi yeeNtsimbi zale. I-Scoastern ivumela ukuba i-ontaths engo yemali encinane, isebenzisa amandla afanelekileyo, xa kugunya elingumali elingumongameli elisebenzayo, eligunya elingunxakuba lisebenza ngokutyibilikayo,

Inkqubo Yomthetho

Inkqubo yokuba umthetho ube ngumthetho obonisa ukuba umsebenzi womthetho usebenza ngokusebenzisana yaye udla ngokuphixana. Ityala linokuveliswa nakweliphi na igumbi, nangona amanyathelo emali kufuneka avele kwindlu. Imali ibhekiselwa kwikomiti efanelekileyo okanye kwiikomiti, apho ifunda khona, indlebe, nesixhobo sokuchola. Iikomiti zingaphela, zivunyelwe okanye zibulale. Ukuba iyavunyelwa, irejistale ingena kwigumbi elipheleleyo lengxoxo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemali. Ukuba iNdluvo neCandelo ngalinye limele lidlulise intlobo ezifanayo zemali, nto leyo esoloko ifuna ukuba ikomiti yengqungquthela ilungise ukungavisisani. Xa omabini amagumbi evumelana, umthetho ungayithumela kumongameli. Umongameli unokuyityikitya umthetho, ide okanye ayivumele ukuba ingabi namthetho otyikiswe emva kweentsuku ezilishumi. Ukuba umongameli kunye nee-Genethi, ii-condreversethi zemali ezimbini, eziye, eziye zeenyanga ezimbini, ezisetyenziswayo zomsebenzi, ezisetyenziswayo zomsebenzi zomsebenzi zomsebenzi, eziyezo zomsebenzi, eziyezo zombini, zinga

Isebe Elilawulayo

Isebe elilawulayo, elimiselwe kwiGatya II lomGaqo-siseko, linoxanduva lokunyanzelisa nokusebenzisa imithetho emiselwe yiBhunga. Umongameli usebenza njengentloko yorhulumente kunye nentloko karhulumente, esebenzisa amagunya ahlukeneyo ngokusuka kulawulo lwemikhosi exhobileyo ukuya kulawulo lwamanye amazwe ukuze amisele amagosa karhulumente. Isebe eliphetheyo liye lakhula kakhulu ukususela kwixesha lokusekwa kweso sigaba, ngoku liqesha izigidi zabasebenzi besizwe kumakhulu-khulu abameli namaziko. Oku kubonisa indima eyandisiweyo karhulumente kwimimandla enjengokhuseleko lwesizwe, ulawulo lwentlalo, intlalo-ntle, kunye nempilo kawonke. Igunya likamongameli olawulayo lide liphumele kungekuphela kumGaqo-siseko kodwa kwakhona kwimimiselo emiselwe yiBhunga elifanelekileyo, eliqeqeqeshelwayo kwimibutho yabameli abalungelelanisi besizwe ekusebenze kwimibutho yesizwe.

Ulawulo

Umongameli usebenza iGaqo-nkqubo elineminyaka emine, kodwa lilinganiselwe yiMimiselo eMatshi eMatshi 20- YesiSinyulo. Amandla omongameli angaphezulu kodwa angenasiphelo. Umongameli usebenza njengoMlawuli kwiNtloko yemikhosi exhobileyo, nangona iKongresta kuphela enokuthi ivakalise imfazwe. Umongameli uququzelela izivumelwano namazwe asemzini, kodwa izivumelwano zifuna ukuvunywa kweCanternate ngevoti ezimbini-3. Umongameli umisela ii-ofisi, abagwebi borhulumente, namanye amagosa amakhulu, kodwa uninzi ukumiselwa kufuna uqinisekiso lweBhunga lomthetho. Umongameli u-vetoto, kodwa uCongressress angawubeka phantsi kwemithetho ekwayakhenke. Umongameli uyakwazi ukukhupha imiyalelo ekhokela imisebenzi karhulumente karhulumente, kodwa le miyalelo kufuneka ibekwe kwinkundla yezomthetho okanye igunya loburhulumente loburhulumente, ngokungekho mthethweni, kunye negunya loburhulumente elingurhulumente loburhulumente, ngokumanyene, ngokumanyeneyokusetyenziswa ngoondle, kunye nelo lonxibelelwano, kunye nolawulo lobu

Umongameli noMphathiswa weKhabhinethi

Umongameli onguMongameli ophetheyo wase-United States usebenza njengegosa eliphezulu lesibini eliphetheyo, nomsebenzi ophambili womgaqo-siseko wokongamela iNdlu yeeNtlanganiso nokuthatha ulawulo ukuba umongameli uyafa, uyarhoxa, okanye uyasuswa eofisini. Kulo msebenzi wangoku, isekela lomongameli lisebenza njengesikhokelo esingundoqo kwaye lithatha imigaqo ethile yezoburhulumente emiselwe ngumongameli. Ikhatheko, eliququzelelwa iintloko zesebe eliphetheyo kunye namanye amagosa amakhulu aphezulu, linika amacebiso kwaye lilawula isebe elikhulu lesizwe. Abasemagunye abatyunjwa ngumongameli kwaye baqinisekiswa yiBhunga lomongameli, kwaye basebenza kwimisebenzi yolonwabo. ICatherine ibandakanya iinkonzo zeRhovisi, i-Eschims, i-Atlal, i-Arecum, i-Armastminity, kunye nophuhlisodmist, i-Rhavity, kunye ne-Rhubian, kunye ne-Esportonsportniversity, i-Arversignethi, kunye ne-A

Ulawulo loManyano

Ngaphandle kwamasebe eKhabhinethi, isebe eliphetheyo liquka amakhulu amasebe azimeleyo, amasebe, iibhodi, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. La masebe aquka i-Entevironmental Protection Agency, iDevince, iKhomishoni yoNxibelelwano noTshintshi, iKhomishini yoNxibelelwano loMgaqo-Mbindi woLawulo, iSebe loLawulo loBumente, i-Mgaqo-Mphathi-Mphathi-Mphathi-Msebenzi weSizwe. Amaninzi kula masebe asebenzisa amandla azimeleyo, amagunya okhuselo okhuselo, unxibelelwano oluphakathi komthetho kunye nolawulo oluntluntluntlulo lwegunya lolawulo, ulwalamano phakathi komongameli kunye nolawulo oluntluntluntlukwano: ulawulo lwesebe lolawulo, ulawulo lwesebe, ulawulo lwesebe, ulawulo lwesebe lolawulo, kodwa ulawulo lwezikongameli, kunye nolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lolawulo lwezikongameli.

Isebe Eligwebayo

Isebe lezomthetho, elimiselwe kwiGatya III lomGaqo-siseko, linembopheleleko yokuchaza imithetho kunye nomGaqo-siseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba okusesikweni kuphunyezwa kakuhle. Ijaji yephondo iquka iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseUnited States, iiNkundla ezilishumi elinesithathu zezibheno, iiNkundla zeSithili, ezingamashumi asithoba anesine, kunye neenkundla eziliqela ezikhethekileyo ezifana neNkundla yeMali yeMazwe neNkundla yeNtshona Koloni. Abagwebi besizwe bamiselwa ngumongameli kwaye abaqinisekiswe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo, kwaye basebenza kakuhle ngexesha lokuziphatha okuhle, ngokunelo. Oku kuphila kweshumi kucetyiswa ukuba kugqunywe abagwebi kwingcinezelo yezopolitiko nokukhusela ulawulo. Isebe lenkundla lezomthetho linegunya lokuhlola imigaqo yezomthetho, igunya lokuvakalisa imithetho yeBhunga okanye ukurhoxinwa kwesebe.

INkundla Ephakamileyo

INkundla ePhakamileyo yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwinkqubo yorhulumente kunye nomququzeleli wemibuzo yezomgaqo-siseko. Iqumrhu lineeJaji ezisithoba: iJaji enye neJaji ezisibhozo ezihambelanayo. INkundla inegunya lantlalo kwinani elincinane, njengeembambano phakathi kwamatyala, kodwa umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukuhlola. INkundla ikhetha amatyala aya kuva kwiimeko ezimanyumnyezi kwiinkqubo ze-cretiaririe, inika uhlolo malunga namatyala angamashumi asixhenxe ukuya kwawamashumi asibhozo. Inkundla ithetha ngeembambano ezimawaka ezikhutshwayo. Inkundla iphulaphula iingxoxo ezibhaliweyo, iingxoxo ezibhaliweyo, nezicingo zesigqibo ezilawula iinkundla eziphantsi. Izigqibo zisenziwa ngamavoti amaninzi, ngokubhala iimbono ezingqungquthelana, nangokuphikisanisa iimbono ezimanyeneyo. Iinkundla zeNkunganiso zeNkundla zaseMelika, iingxelo zemali ezingomb.

Iinkundla Zomanyano Ezisezantsi

IiNkundla zeeNkundla zezibheno, eziququzelelwe ngeziphakamiso ezilishumi elinesithathu, ziphulaphule izibheno ezivela kwiiNkundla zeSithili nakumasebe athile karhulumente. Ezi nkundla ziintendelezo ziphambili ziinkundla zokuhlola, zihlolisisa ukuqiqa okusemthethweni kweenkundla ezincinci kunokuba ziphinde zicingisise izibakala. Izigwebo zazo zibophelele kwimimandla yazo ephakamileyo, zisenokuphinda zibuye zibuye zihlolwe yiNkundla yeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Iinkundla zeSithili ziinkundla zephondo, kuquka irhafu ekhethekileyo ejongeneekileyo, irhafuthelo, irhafu yelizwe, kunye neyamavarti. Inkundla yephondo, iinkundla zephondo, iinkundla zezorhwebo, iinkundla zephondo, iijaji, iimali, nabasebenzi bephondo, abasebenzi bezorhwebo, abasebenzi bezorhwebo.

Inkululeko neNkxaso

Ukuzimela ngokwamasebe ngokweejaji kusisixhobo somthetho waseMerika, sikhuselwe ngemiqathango ekhoyo kunye nokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko ekuncitshisweni kwentlawulo. Ezi migaqo ziqinisekisa ukuba abagwebi banokugqiba amatyala asekelwe kumthetho nakwiimeko ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela kumasebe ezobupolitika okanye kwiimbono zikawonke-wonke. Kwangaxesha linye, ikomiti ifanele ihlole amanye amasebe. Ikomiti isenokungamela kwaye isuse abagwebi besizwe ngenxa yezonobubi, nangona eli gunya lingasetyenziswa kakhulu. Ingqungqungquthela ikwalawula ulawulo lweenkundla zephondo kwaye isenokungalawulwa yimiqathango yemiqathango yezomthetho, okanye yandise iintlobo zamatyala anokuva. Isebe eliphetheyo linyanze imiyalelo nezo izigqibo, ngoko ke iinkundla zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumongameli nakwisebe ukuba liphumele ekulawuleni kwazo. Le migaqo-mthetho ithetha okokuba isebenza ngokwalo, isenokungasoloko ikhombangamele isebenzisa ezinye iimvume zesebe.

Iingqinipho - bume Nokulungelelana Okuqheliselwayo

Inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kulawulo lwamaMelika, ibumba elilawula amasebe amathathu ngendlela ezibonakalayo nezingabonakaliyo. Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo yinkqubo yowiso-mthetho: iBhunga liyidlulisa imithetho, umongameli angayikhupha, kwaye iNgqungquthela ingawuyeka lo mcimbi ngokuvota okwaneleyo. Kodwa umongameli ungenawo umtya phakathi kolu landelelwano. Abagwebi besizwe, kuquka abagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo, kodwa iNkunye iNkathi yeNkundla kufuneka iwuqinisekise. ICante yee-mthetho kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba i-kabhinete, amabamba, kunye namanye amagosa aphezulu esebe aphezulu. IBhunga lilawula uqingqovel, ukulawula uqingqomatshini, ukunikela ulawulo oluqinileyo kwimisebenzi yolawulo lwesebe. Umongameli angakhupha imiyalelo, kodwa loo miyalelo ingacelwa kwinkundla esigqeqeshi, kodwa angene kwinkundla solawulo esilawulayo.

Imizekelo Edumileyo Yeengcebiso Nendlela Elungeleleneyo

Kuyo yonke imbali yaseMerika, uvavanyo kunye nolungelelwano luye lwavavanywa lwaze lwacocwa kwiingxubakano ezininzi eziphezulu. uMongameli uAndrew Jackson wachasa iNkundla ePhakamileyo eWorcester v. Georgia, etyholwa ngokuthi, "uJohn Marshall wenze isigqibo sakhe; ngoku makayinyanzelise, nangona ukuchana kwale ngxelo kungokwembali kuxoxwe. Isigqibo sikaMongameli uFranklin Rooselt sokuyeka uRoselt ku "pack" iNkundla Ephakamileyo enookokugqibela ngo197373, emva kokuba iNkubetha iinkqubo ezininzi ze-Accondingce zeNku, ekugqibeleni isenokungaphembeleli kodwa itheth iNkube ityala leNkubethwa kweNku. Umongameli uRichalton uRichrin Roonpt, umphant, umphalain, umphalathiso womthetho oqhubekekayo, ugciphenduku, uR.N.

Indima Yeembono Zesidlangalala Nemida Yezobupolitika

Iindlela ezisemthethweni zomgaqo-siseko zovavanyo kunye nolungelelwano olusemthethweni lwezoburhulumente ezisebenza kwimekobume ebanzi yezobupolitika, amaqela ezobupolitika, amaqela abantu abanomdla, kunye namajelo eendaba. Amaqela ezobupolitika adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni amasebe, njengoko ukudibana kweqela kusoloko kuphembelela intsebenziswano phakathi komongameli, amalungu eBhunga, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Xa iqela elinye lilawula ubucukubhede namagumbi eeKhomishini, iziphumo zomthetho zibonakala ziphezulu, kodwa ukhuphiswano lwemithetho yemithetho yemithetho yemithetho yephondo luyehla, kodwa xa urhulumente wahlulelene, kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo alawula amasebe, inkqubo yee-echeckingssssss nemigaqo-markings iba yenziwa, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa imbono yoluntu isebenza njengegunya eliphambili kuwo onke amasebe, kuquka neengcebiso elinguquluvo zolawulo loluntu, kuquka neenkonzo zoburhulumente, iinkonzo zoburhulumente ezithelelaniso, ezithelelaniso, eziqhutywa, ezithelelaniso, eziquka nanjengoorho

Ucelomngeni Lwanamhlanje Lokusebenzisa Amandla Afanelekileyo

Inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela ijongene nocelomngeni oluninzi kwimekobume yezobupolitika yanamhlanje. Ukwanda kwemeko yolawulo kuye kwazifihla iintambo zesithethe phakathi kwemisebenzi yowiso-mthetho neyolawulo, njengoko amaqumrhu enikela imimiselo engomthetho ngegunya lomthetho. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi olu thutho lwamandla owiso-mthetho kumaqumrhu alawulayo lulwahlula ukwahlulwa kwamagunya, ngoxa abaxhasi bemilo ehlala injalo ingukulungele ukuqhelaniswa kolawulo lwale mihla. Inkundla ephakamileyo ithethe ngezi ngxaki ngemfundiso engagunya lemithetho kunye neemeko ezifana ne-INS. Icharha, eyathimba ihla imikhosi yemithetho yolawulo elawulayo ide ifikelele ulwahlulo lwawo, kodwa inkquluko yamandla angundoqo kwimicimbi yesizwe nakumazwe angaphandle kwemikhosi yoorhulumente, iphakamise imibuzo engakumbi ngemiqatha yezohlaselo lwegunya lobumongameli kwimimandla eqeqeqeqele, kunye nezo zomkhosi. Isigqibo semfazwe sizama ukuzama ukuqhuba imikhosi, kodwa i-egosane, zombini, ikhuthaza i-a

Ukwenziwa kwenyanga kunye nomsebenzi woRhulumente

Ukwenziwa kwemimandla engaphandle kolawulo kufake ukhuphiswano phakathi kwamasebe kwaye kuye kwenza inkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela yabangela ingxabano engakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa okunyuliweyo kwe-monicbuster kwi-State kukwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ukukhupha imithetho, kukhokelela oomongameli ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwimiyalelo yezolawulo kunye nenyathelo lolawulo lokufumana iinjongo zawo. Iimfazwe zokuqinisekisa ijaji zejaji ziye zatshintsha kakhulu, ziquka imida yeNkundla ephakamileyo yobulungisa, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqathango enzima. Enye inkqubo iphikisa ingurhulumente esoloko izama ukucombulula iingxaki zesizwe, ukusuka kwimiqathango kunye nokufuduka ukuze itshintshe imozulu. Abanye abaphengululi kunye nabenzi benkqubo baye bacebisa utshintsho kwinkqubo yokulawula i-Cupolut, imidaystent, imida yezo elawulayo, kunye nokulungisa uhlalo.

Ukuphakanyiswa Okuhlala Kuhleli Koyilo LomGaqo-siseko

Phezu kwayo nje le mingeni, ukwakhiwa okusisiseko kwamagunya ahlukeneyo nokuhlola kunye nokulinganisela kusesona siseko solawulo lwaseMelika. Isebe ngalinye liyaqhubeka lisebenzisa amandla alo akhethekileyo, kwaye ngalinye liyaqhubeka lihlola amanye ngeendlela ezibangela iziphumo zenkqubo yobume nokukhusela inkululeko yabantu. Le nkqubo ayisoloko isebenza kakuhle, kwaye isoloko ibangela unxunguphalo kunye nokuvala isantya. Kodwa ngokuyila: abalawuli baxabisa inkululeko nokucombulula isantya nempumelelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla phakathi komthetho, ulawulo, amasebe ejaji, imigaqo-mthetho akuyo nje into engokwembali okanye imfundiso engekho ngqiqwele. Inkqubo ephilayo elawula imisebenzi yorhulumente yorhulumente, ichaza ulwalamano phakathi kwabadlali bayo, kwaye ilungiselela inkqubo yokuphelisa imicimbi yezopolitikithi.

Isiphumo: Ulingelo oluqhubekayo lokuzilawula

Ulingelo lwaseMelika kumagunya ahlukeneyo kunye nolulungelelwaniso luye ngoku lwanyamezela ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezimbini, ukusinda kwimfazwe yamakhaya, udandatheko lwezoqoqosho, iimfazwe zehlabathi, kunye nokutshintsha kwentlalo okunzulu. Le nkqubo iye yangqineka iqinile, ilungelelanisa iimeko ezintsha ngexa igcina iimpawu zayo eziyimfuneko. Amasebe amathathu karhulumente ayaqhubeka esebenza kunye, ngamanye amaxesha ngentsebenziswano, ukuvelisa imithetho, imigaqo, kunye nezigqibo zomthetho ezilawulayo ezilawula uhlanga. Ukusebenza kwamandla akusoloko kushenxaxhathisa, kwaye kusoloko kuvelisa iziphumo ezinganeliseki mntu ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa le nkqubo yenkqubo elungiselelwe ukukhusela inkululeko nokufuna ukuvumelana komthetho. Njengoko nabani na onamandla angundoqo elungele ukungenelelayo. Ilizwe lisoloko lijongenemingenis

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwesakhiwo nomsebenzi wamasebe amathathu, jongana noovimba abasemthethweni beUnited States Congress , House emhlophe[, kunye [[FLT] neNkantolo] ye-[FLT] ye-US[[FLT][FLT:]] inika ufihlo lwemisebenzi ye-omatilomGaqo-siseko wokuqala kunye ne-mends, kunye US.[FLT]]