Ukwakhiwa Kolawulo LwaseMerika

Urhulumente ubumba phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi baseMelika, ukusuka kwindlela esihamba ngayo ukuya kumgangatho womoya esiwuphefumlayo kunye nezikolo abantwana bethu abaya kuzo. Kodwa abemi abaninzi bayazama ukuqonda indlela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo karhulumente asebenza ngayo kunye nalapho kukho imbopheleleko yeenkonzo ezithile. Le nkqubo (_iisiseko) sokufaka i-U.S. Congress, iindlu zowiso-mthetho, kunye neeholo zesixeko zasekuhlaleni ) zenzelwe ngabom ukulinganisela amandla, ukuqinisekisa ukumela, kunye nedilesi ekufuneka ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Ukuqonda esi sakhiwo asiyonto nje yemfundo yemfundo; kubalulekile ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwezemfundo yoluntu nokusebenza kwemfundo.

I-United States isebenza phantsi kwenkqubo karhulumente, uhlobo lorhulumente apho igunya lahlulelwe phakathi kwegunya lesizwe elisembindini kunye neyunithi zezobupolitika ``amazwe. Eli candelo lidityanisiwe kumGaqo-siseko wase-U.S., elibala amagunya akhethekileyo karhulumente karhulumente worhulumente worhulumente ngeli lixa ligcina onke amanye amagunya kumazwe okanye kubantu ngeSinyusi seshumi elinesithoba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu cwangciso luye lwavela ngomgaqo-siseko, ngemithetho ephakamileyo yenkundla, kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko, ludala ijelo elinamandla nelidla ngokusebenza.

Umgangatho woManyano: iBhunga kunye neGunya lesiZwe

Kwincopho yequmrhu lemigangatho karhulumente karhulumente uhlala urhulumente worhulumente, oyintloko eWashington, D.C. Amasebe awo amathathu alinganayo .(legislative, umphathi, kunye nejaji) ngalinye lidlala iindima ezahlukeneyo. Isebe lemithetho, elaziwa ngokuba yiBhunga, lelona limeleyo ngqo kumgangatho wesizwe. Ukuququzelela iNdlu yabameli (amalungu angama-435 ahlulwa ngabemi borhulumente) kunye neCamprate (amalungu angamakhulu amabini, urhulumente ngamnye), libekwa icala ngokwenza imithetho yelizwe.

Amandla eBhunga athe anda kwaye aquka ukuhlawuliswa kwerhafu, ukudityaniswa kwemali, ukusungulwa kwemfazwe, ukulawulwa kwezorhwebo phakathi kwelizwe namazwe angaphandle, kunye nokugcinwa kwemikhosi exhobileyo. Indlu iqalisa iindleko zengeniso kwaye inamandla okuphela kokungakhuthazi, ngelixa iNdlu yeeNdlu yamaBhunga iqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli nokuququzelelwa kwezivumelwano. Esi sakhiwo se-biobamaral sasikukulalanisa phakathi kwamaphondo amakhulu namancinane ebudeni beMthendeleko yeMigaqo-siseko yowe-1787, iqinisekisa ukuba kumelelwa abemi nolongamo.

Ngaphandle kokubekwa komthetho, iBhunga lenza imisebenzi egxekayo. IiKomiti zombini amagumbi ziphanda izenzo zesebe eliphetheyo, ukuva amatyala, nokufuna ubungqina obuvela kubabhali bamasebe kunye neentloko zeziko. Ngokomzekelo, iOfisi yeMali kaRhulumente (GAO) kunye neKomiti yoLawulo loLawulo lwezemali (CBO) zinikela uhlalutyo olungeyonxalenye yecawa olunceda abenzi bomthetho benze izigqibo ezinolwazi. Eli gunya liyimbombo lendlela yokuhlola nokulinganisela, lithintela naliphi isebe elinobugxacisa ekufumaneni igunya eligqithisileyo.

Isebe Elinolawulo oluphezulu Liyasebenza

Ngoxa iBhunga libhala imithetho, isebe eliphetheyo elinqunyulwe nguMongameli . "enceforce" liyilawula rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. UMongameli, onyulweyo, usebenza njengoMlawuli kwiNtloko yemikhosi exhobileyo, uqhuba inkqubo yangaphandle, kwaye angawubeka umthetho welizwe, kwaye angawudlulisela kwiBhunga elidluliselwe yiBhunga. Isebe eliphetheyo likwabandakanya amasebe esebe eli-15 (njengeSikhuselo, uRhulumente, iTrente, kunye nemfundo) kunye namakhulukhulu amasebe asekuhlaleni anjenge-Evironmental Projectal Agement (EPA) kunye ne-FI) isebe loMbutho elinogaqo-odwa elinomthetho odluliswa yiBhunga-mthetho.

Ulwalamano phakathi kweKhonkxa-ntle noMongameli lusoloko luphawulwa ngengxoxo kunye nangamanye amaxesha engxabano. I-veto engumongameli ingangatshiswa kuphela ngabaninzi abazii-3 kumagumbi omabini, isenza isixhobo esinamandla. Ngokuchasene noko, iKhomishini ilawula uqingqo-mali kwaye inokuphelisa amanyathelo aphezulu. Olu xinezeleko lunganyanzelekanga ngabom luthintela ukulalanisa okanye ukukhawuleza okanye ukunqanda isenzo esingesokugqibelela.

Isebe Eligwebayo Nengcaciso YomGaqo-siseko

Ijaji yephondo ichaza imithetho kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ivumelana noMgaqo-siseko. INkundla ePhakamileyo, inkundla ephakamileyo, iva amatyala abandakanya imibuzo engokomGaqo-siseko okanye iingxabano phakathi kwemimandla. Iinkundla zephondo ezisezantsi ./ienkundla zephondo kunye neenkundla zesiphaluka zezobheno-lwazi---amandla amaninzi. Ngoncedo lwamandla okuhlola imigaqo-mthetho, asungulwe Marbury v. Madison [183], iinkundla zingawisa imithetho edluliswa yiBhunga-Mbutho okanye izenzo ezithatyathwa ngumlawuli ophetheyo ukuba aphule umGaqo-siseko. Lo msebenzi unezimvo ezinzulu zobomi bemihla ngemihla, uchaphazela onke amalungelo okuvota kwimigaqo-yokusebenza kwimpilo.

Ngokomzekelo, isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo (1954) yavakalisa ucalulo lohlanga kwizikolo zikawonke wonke olungekho semthethweni, olugqithisileyo, olugqithisileyo kunye noluphembelela utshintsho olukhoyo lwentlalo-ntle. Kutshanje, imithetho elawula amandla okulawula urhulumente iye yaguqula imekobume kunye nemigaqo yezoqoqosho kwilizwe lonke. Ijudicary isebenza njengovavanyo olubalulekileyo kwamanye amasebe amabini, iqinisekisa ukuba umthetho nezenzo zolawulo oluphezulu zihleli kwimiqathango yemiqathango yemithetho.

Oorhulumente Belizwe: Imikhosi Yedemokhrasi

Ngaphantsi komgangatho karhulumente, oorhulumente abangama-50 basebenza ngomgaqo-siseko wabo, abanyuliweyo, kunye neenkqubo zomthetho. UMthetho ohlaziyiweyo unika amagunya onke anganikwanga ngokukhethekileyo urhulumente wesizwe, kuquka igunya kwimfundo, impilo kawonke-wonke, ezothutho, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, kunye nentlangano karhulumente yasekuhlaleni. UJaji Louis Brandeis wawachaza ngokudumileyo amaphondo ngokuthi “ziizifundo zolawulo-demokhrasi,” apho imigaqo eyahlukileyo inokuvavanywa khona ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe ngokwesizwe.

Oorhulumente balubonisa ulwakhiwo lwesizwe ngeendlela ezithile: ngamnye unerhuluneli (enqumlayo), indlu yowiso-mthetho (ngokuqhelekileyo i-bidaral, ngaphandle kwenkqubo ka-Nebraska ka-unameral), kunye nenkqubo yenkundla yephondo enenkundla ephakamileyo. Noko ke, amaphondo anobubhetyebhetye-bhetye obuphawulekayo. Umzekelo, amazwe amisela irhafu yawo yengeniso, agqiba ukuba anokukwazi ukufikelela kwirhafu yeMedicaid phantsi kwemigaqo karhulumente, kwaye amisela imigangatho yezikolo zikawonke-wonke-wonke. Amanye amazwe, njengoKhalifoniya, aye alandela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yemeko yemeko engaphaya kwemilinganiselo yemithetho yorhulumente, ngoxa ezinye, njengeTexas, anerhafu encinane yengeniso yemali efunyenweyo kunye nokungena kolawulo oluhlukeneyo.

Izindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe zimisela imithetho emininzi kwimibandela emininzi: ubulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, amalungelo empahla, umtshato, ukuthunyelwa kwemibutho yobugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zonyulo. Zikwanamandla okwabela imali karhulumente ukwenzela izibonelelo, imfundo, neenkonzo zentlalo. Irhuluneli iyakwazi ukusayina okanye ukuhlawula iindleko, kwaye kumazwe amaninzi, indlu yowiso-mthetho ingayishenxisa i-veto ngevoti ephezulu. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ivumela ukuba ivumelane nemigaqo-siseko solawulo, izoqoqosho, kunye nezithethe zezobupolitika, namasiko ezobupolitika.

Iimbopheleleko Zemeko zikarhulumente

Imfundo yenye yeembopheleleko ezinkulu zikarhulumente. Urhulumente ngamnye ujonge inkqubo yakhe yesikolo sikawonke-wonke iKû12, umisela imigangatho yokufundisa, ulungelelaniso lokufundisa, kwaye unike uvavanyo olusezantsi. Imfundo ephezulu .(*) iiyunivesithi zaseburhulumenteni kunye neekholeji zoluntu (iii-lejijini eziphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, ngokuxhaswa ngemali evela kuqingqo-mali nolawulo lukarhulumente. Iinkqubo zeFederal ezifana neSihlomelo I zinikela inkxaso-mali kwizikolo ezifumana imali ephantsi, kodwa amaphondo agcina igunya eliphambili.

Uthutho lombuso ngomnye umsebenzi ongundoqo. Amasebe ezothutho (ooomatiloshe) esizwe agcina iindlela eziphakathi (kwizinxulumani zorhulumente worhulumente), iindlela, kunye neebhulorho ezininzi. Kwakhona alawula iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke, iinqwelo-moya, namazibuko enqanawa. Umzekelo, iSebe lezothutho laseKhalifoniya (iCalts) lijonge enye yeenkqubo ezinkulu zohola weendlela ehlabathini, ngelixa iSebe leTexas Transport (T) liqhuba ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-80 000 zomgwaqo. La masebe axhomekeke kwirhafuthelo karhulumente, iminikelo yemali yemali, kunye nenkxaso yezothutho.

Ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke lukwayimbopheleleko karhulumente. Amapolisa aseburhulumenteni okanye amaziko ajikeleza kwiindlela zokulwa anyanzelisa imithetho yeetrafiki aphinde ahlole ulwaphulo-mthetho kwimicimbi yelizwana. Iinkundla zikarhulumente zisingatha amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho phantsi komthetho karhulumente, kwaye iintolongo zihlala zivalelwe ngokwaphula umthetho. Ngaphezu koko, amatyala alawula amaziko olawulo lwexesha likaxakeka (njengeOfisi ye-Emergency Services) esabela kwiintlekele zemvelo ezifana nemililo, iinkanyambathi, kunye nezikhukula.

Urhulumente Wasekuhlaleni: Apho Urhulumente Adibana Khona Nabantu Esitratweni

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bangumkhamo okhawulezileyo nobonakalayo wolawulo lwamaMerika amaninzi. Baquka ubalo-mali, oomasipala (izixeko needolophu), iilokishi, izithili zesikolo, kunye nesithili esikhethekileyo (kumanzi, umlilo, iipaki, njl.njl.). Ngokungafaniyo nomgangatho worhulumente worhulumente, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bazizidalwa zikarhulumente; amaphondo abanika igunya ngemithetho-siseko okanye imithetho jikelele. Oku kuthetha ukuba amagunya nezakhiwo zoorhulumente basekuhlaleni zahluka kakhulu ukusuka kumazwe ngamazwe ahlukene kakhulu ukuya kwelinye.

E-New England, iidolophu zisoloko zinedemokhrasi ngokuthe ngqo kwiintlanganiso zedolophu, ngoxa kuMzantsi naseNtshona, amasebe ephondo alawulayo. Nangona ezi zixeko zinkulu njenge-New York, iLos Angeles, kunye neChicago zinenkqubo ezinamandla zoomatiloshe, apho usodolophu unegunya elibalulekileyo, ngelixa abanye besebenzisa inkqubo yebhunga lomphathi-mphathi wesixeko, apho umphathi wesixeko oqeqeshiweyo otyushwe lilawula ulawulo lwebhunga lwemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, bonke oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banenkxalabo ekunikezeleni iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ubunjani bobomi babemi.

Imisebenzi yeCore kaRhulumente wasekuhlaleni

Imisebenzi kawonke-wonke kunye nezinto eziluncedo ezisetyenziswayo zisisiseko. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banika amanzi okusela acocekileyo, banika amanzi acocekileyo, baqokelela inkunkuma, bagcine izitrato kunye neendlela ezihamba ngazo. Kwakhona bayakwazi ukukhupha amanzi aselwandle kunye nokususa ikhephu. Kubemi abaninzi basezidolophini nasemaphandleni, ezi nkonzo zezona ngenelo zibonakalayo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni/a ukungaphumeleli nakuyiphi na indawo ngokukhawuleza kuba yingxaki.

Ukulungisa kunye nokusebenzisa umhlaba kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo. Iibhodi zocwangciso lwengingqi kunye neekhomishini zokulungisa indawo zigqiba ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezakhiwo ezinokwenziwa, apho amashishini anokusebenza khona, nendlela inkqubela enzima enokubakho. Ezi zigqibo zibumba imimandla engqongileyo, ziphembelela amaxabiso empahla, kwaye zichaphazela imilinganiselo yeenqwelo-mafutha. Imithetho yezolinge ingasetyenziswa ukukhuthaza izindlu ezinokufikeleleka, ukukhusela imimandla yembali, okanye ukukhuthaza inkqubela yezoqoqosho. Umzekelo, izixeko ezifana nePortland, i-Oregon, ziye zaqalisa imida yedolophu ukukhula ukunqanda ukunqanda ukuma i-Rhouston, Texas, edumileyo ayinayo imithetho esemthethweni elawulayo.

Iinkonzo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke .inkonzo zokhuseleko, umlilo, kunye neenkonzo zonyango zongxamiseko, zibubucala basekuhlaleni. Amasebe amapolisa esixekweni ajikeleza izitrato, asabela, ahlola ulwaphulo-mthetho. Amasebe omlilo akalwi nje kuphela nemililo kodwa anika uncedo lweenkonzo zoncedo-mali kwaye aphumeza kwiziganeko zezinto eziphathekayo eziyingozi. La masebe axhaswa ngemali ngeerhafu yempahla zasekuhlaleni, iirhafu zentengiso, yaye maxa wambi inkcitho okanye iminikelo yorhulumente. Ukuphumelela kokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke-wonke kusoloko kuyinto ephambili kubantu abahlala kunye nomlinganiselo ongundoqo womgangatho wobomi besixeko.

Ipaki kunye namasebe okuzonwabisa aphethe iindawo zokudlala, imidlalo, amaqula okuqubha, amaziko aphezulu, kunye neziganeko zoluntu. Ezi zinto zinegalelo kwimpilo yomzimba, kwintlalo, kunye neqhayiya loluntu. Iithala leencwadi, zidla ngokulawulwa ngurhulumente okanye isithili esikhethekileyo sasekuhlaleni, zibonelela ukuba kufumaneke iincwadi, i-Internet, kunye neenkqubo zemfundo. Kubantu abaninzi, ithala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni lingundoqo ekufundeni nasekudibaniseni ibutho labantu.

Indima YeHolo Yesixeko

I-ofisi yebhunga lesixeko isebenza njengesazulu solawulo nesomfuziselo sikarhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Isebenza njengesazulu solawulo nomfuziselo worhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Indlu yebhunga, amagumbi esixeko, namasebe anjengesicwangciso sebhunga, inkcubeko yemali, imisebenzi kawonke-wonke, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yoluntu. Ibhunga lesixeko, enyulwe ngamagumbi okanye kwisikhululo, lidlulisela imithetho yendawo elawula yonke into ukusuka kwimigangatho yengxolo ukuya kulwandoqonga. Iintlanganiso zeBhunga zivulekele uluntu, kwaye izixeko ezininzi zisasaza kwi-intanethi, zivumela abemi ukuba babone iingxoxo kunye nemibandela efana nemibandela yoqingqo-mali, izivumelwano, kunye nezigqibo zokusebenzisa umhlaba.

Uqingqo-mali lumsebenzi ongundoqo weHolo yesiXeko. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni balungiselela uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le olunikezela ngemali kumasebe ngenxa yezinto eziza kuqala nezithenjiswa ngemali. Irhafu yempahla yeyona mithombo iphambili yengeniso yasekuhlaleni kwiintlawulo ezininzi, edityaniswe yirhafu yentengiso, iindleko zeenkonzo (njengemvume yokwakha okanye iimitha zokupaka), kunye nokuthunyelwa koorhulumente kurhulumente kunye norhulumente. Izigqibo zoqingqo-mali zichaphazela ngqo ukuba ipaki iyalungiswa, ukuba ngangaphi amapolisa aqeshwa, nokuba ngaba kucwangciwe ukuba kulungiswe imoto.

Ukuganana kwabantu kugqalwa njengento ebalulekileyo. Iiholo ezininzi zesixeko zigcina iintlanganiso zedolophu, iinkundla zoluntu, kunye nohlolisiso lwe-intanethi ukuze kuqokelelwe iziphumo zemisebenzi emikhulu okanye iinguqu zenkqubo. Ezinye izixeko ziye zayila iinkqubo zokubonelela ngeemali, apho abemi bagqibela ngokungqalileyo indlela yokusebenzisa imali kamasipala. Umzekelo, kwisiXeko saseNew York, amabhunga amaninzi aye asebenzisa uqingqo-mali ukuze axhase inkqubela yobume bengingqi njengobugcisa besikolo kunye nezihlalo zepaki.

Ukungenelela kunye nokuNceda

Akukho mgangatho karhulumente osebenza ngokuzimela. Urhulumente wesizwe unika inkxaso-mali kwimimandla, ngokufuthi eneemeko ezidityanisiweyo. Umzekelo, iNgxowa-mali yokuThemba Iindlela Eziphezulu inika imali kwiiprojekthi zomgaqo-nkqubo, kodwa amaphondo kufuneka athobele imigangatho karhulumente yokhuseleko, umqondiso, kunye nohlalutyo lwemekobume. Ngokufanayo, iSebe lemfundo linika iSiHloko I ngemali kwizikolo ezifumana imali ephantsi, ifuna ukuba amazwe anike iimvavanyo kunye neziphumo ezisemgangathweni.

Amazwe akwanempembelelo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zimisela imithetho yendlela angazihlawula ngayo irhafu, intlawulo, kunye nokuboleka imali. Zingakwaphelisa namasiko asekuhlaleni , umzekelo, ukuvalwa komsebenzi weplastiki okanye ukuqeshwa kwemithetho yerhafu. Olu xinezelelo phakathi korhulumente norhulumente wasekuhlaleni luye lwakhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwimiba efana nomvuzo, imithetho yesixeko sengcwele, kunye nokulawulwa kwemipu. Imfundiso yoMthetho kaDillon, ethi oorhulumente basekuhlaleni banawo kuphela amandla agunya agunyaziswe ngurhulumente, isasebenza kwimimandla emininzi, ngoxa abanye benomthetho wamakhaya enika i-ESHGOM.

Imiyalelo yomanyano ingenza uxanduva olungalungiswanga lwemimandla nemimandla. UMthetho we-Chyakini Wamanzi noNcococook Air Act ufuna urhulumente noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba bahlangabezane nemigangatho yemekobume yengingqi, kodwa iBhunga alisoloko linikela inkxaso eyaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neendleko. Le misebenzi idla ngokukhokelela ekuchazeni iindleko njengoko oorhulumente bengingqi befuna ukukhululeka okanye ukufezekisa ixesha elithe bhetyebhetye ngakumbi.

Isifundo Setyala: Imali Esetyenziswa Kumanyano

Umzekelo ocacileyo wentsebenziswano yentsebenziswano yezakhono zorhulumente nguMthetho weIfrablic Refestile kunye noMthetho weSebe (IJA) otyikitywe kumthetho ngowama-2021. Lo mphako wezigidi ezilishumi elinesibini zezigidi ze-R3,1 unika inkxaso yemali yendlela, yebrorho, yeBhayiselo, yenqanawa, yezorhwebo, kunye nezithuthi zombane. Ngoxa imali iphuma isuka eWashington, icetyiwe, kwaye iphunyezwa ngamasebe karhulumente ezithuthi kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni. Ama-R34,1,734,4,1,44,1,1,44,1,1,1, kunye nezithuba zemali ezibonelelo-mali ezibonelelo-mali. Ngezo mvume zokhuphiso

Ngokomzekelo, isixeko esinjengePittsburgh sasebenzisa imali ye-IIJA ukuthatha indawo yeebhulorho ezaluphalayo nokuhlaziywa kwe-atrakery yeplanga lamanzi, ngoxa imimandla yasemaphandleni eMontana yasebenzisa inkqubo efanayo ukwandisa ukungena kwe-intanethi ebanzi. Impumelelo yaloo manyathelo ixhomekeke kunxibelelwano olunempumelelo nokulungelelana kwawo onke amacandelo amathathu karhulumente.

Ubandakanyeko Lomsebenzi: Igluwu egcina inkqubo idibene

Lonke isakhiwo solawulo lwamaMelika `kusukela kwiBhunga leSikolo ukuya kwiholo yesixeko--"ithenjiswa ngokubhekiselele kuluntu oluthembisiweyo nolunolwazi. Ukusetyenziswa kwesizwe, urhulumente, nonyulo lwengingqi yindlela engqalileyo yokuphembelela inkqubo. Kodwa ukuthembisana kudlulela ngaphaya kwebhokisi yebhokisi yokufaka izicelo: ukuya kwintlanganiso zebhunga lesikolo, ukunikela ubungqina kumabhunga ebhunga esixeko, ukudibanisa umbutho wobume bengingqi, okanye ukunxibelelana nelungu leBhunga malunga ngemeko yonke esebenza ngayo urhulumente.

Umthetho womanyano uyalela ukuba abameli bafune amagqabaza kawonke-wonke ngemigaqo ecetyisiweyo, bevelisa amathuba okungeniswa kwanakwimithetho yobugcisa. Kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni, kucwangciso kunye neebhodi ezimanyeneyo zinezimvo zikawonke-wonke kwizicelo zophuhliso. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba okukhutheleyo kuqinisekisa ukuba urhulumente ubonakalisa amaxabiso neemfuno zoluntu, kunokuba aneliseke ngamaqela ambalwa alungelelanisiweyo.

Ukuqonda iindima neembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho ngamnye karhulumente kubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele ukusetyenziswa kwe-odolokhwe. Ummi oxhalabele ungcoliso lomoya, umzekelo, kufuneka azi ukuba i-EPA imisela imilinganiselo yesizwe phantsi koMthetho wocococo woMtho-moya, kodwa amasebe karhulumente kunye nowasekuhlaleni asebenza kwaye anyanzelise. Ngokufanayo, umntu ofuna ukuphucula ipaki yasekuhlaleni kufuneka athethe nesebe lepaki yesixeko kunye nebhunga lesixeko, hayi ilungu leBhunga. Ulwazi lwale candelo lokusebenza lunika abemi amandla okukhokela imigudu yabo apho beza kuba nempembelelo enkulu khona.

Isiphelo: Inkqubo Yamandla Nembopheleleko Ekwabelana Ngayo

Inkqubo karhulumente waseMerika asiyondlela elula yemigangatho apho imiyalelo ihamba isiya ezantsi ukusuka eWashington. Endaweni yoko, luthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo, oluxhomekeke kulo apho umgangatho ngamnye "`umgangatho, urhulumente, ummandla, kunye nommandla" lunemisebenzi eyahlukileyo kodwa ehamba-hambayo. Ingqungquthela icwangcisa inkqubo yesizwe kwaye inike ubuncwane, imigaqo-siseko sowiso-mthetho ilungelelanisa ezo migaqo-nkqubo kwimeko yendawo kwaye ilawula iinkonzo ezicetyiweyo ezifana nemfundo kunye nezithuthi, kwaye iiholo zesixeko zinikezela iinkonzo zosuku kusenzela uluntu umgangatho olinganayo. Iindlela kunye nolungelelwaniso oluphakathi noluthintela naluphi naluphi na ulawulo, kodwa zifuna ukunxibelelana nokusebenzisana okuqhubekayo.

Abafundi nabafundisi, beqonda le mithetho, bangaphezulu kunemfuneko yemfundo ``isiseko sobumi obunempumelelo. Ngokuqonda indlela ezenziwa ngayo izigqibo ukusuka kwiiholo ze Congress ukuya kumagumbi eholo yesixeko, abantu ngabanye bayakwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle inkqubo, bagcine abameli babo benetyala, kwaye bancedise kwiprojekthi eqhubekayo yokuzilawula. Kwixesha elizayo xa uvulela impompo, uqhuba phezu kwebhulorho, okanye uthumela umntwana wakho esikolweni, khumbula ukuba ezi nkonzo zingumkhiqizo wenkqubo eyenziwe kakuhle, kwaye zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye zinegalelo kwiprojekthi echaphazela zonke iinka zobomi bakho.

ukuqhubekeka kokufunda ngobume bukarhulumente kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu, tyelela .Gov ukucatshulwa kwamasebe karhulumente, Congress.gov yolwazi lwemithetho-mthetho , kunye neNgqungquthela yesizwe yoMgaqo-siseko ye-data yomgangatho wesizwe. [[FLT:]] Inxulumano yesizwe ye-OSPTP ye-OFT[FLT] inika ulwazi kwimingeniselo ye-omatilonke.[FLT]