Isiseko somGaqo-siseko seKholeji ye-Electoral

I-Electoral College imi njengenye yezona mpawu zahlukileyo zedemokhrasi yaseMelika, emela uhlenga-hlengiso oluyilwe ngobuchule phakathi konyulo oluqhelekileyo nokhetho oluthe ngqo yiKhonkxa. Imiswe kwiGatya II lomGaqo-siseko wase-U. kunye kamva nesulungekiswe nguMphetho-Mgaqo-siseko we-12 ngo-1804, inkqubo yenzelwe ukulungelelanisa impembelelo yamazwe amakhulu namancinane ngoxa iqinisekisa ukuba unyulo lomongameli luye lwahlala lwenzeka ngabomkhwa kwaye lungaguquguquki. Ukuqonda lo mgaqo-siseko kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda ubunzima obupheleleyo bevoti yabo kumjikelo wonyulo womongameli.

Abalathisi bomGaqo-siseko baphikisana ngemizekelo emininzi yokukhetha umphathi oyintloko. Abanye baxhasa unyulo oluthe ngqo oluthandwayo, ngelinye ixesha i-Electoral College ikhupha njengendlela ephakathi enika indima elinganisiweyo kwinkqubo. Abathunywa kwiNgqungquthela yezomGaqo-siseko bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela ingangqalanga izakugquma umongameli kwimo yoburhulumente kwaye inikezele isigcini-mphantsi nxamnye nempembelelo yangaphandle okanye inkanuko ethandwayo. Namhlanje, inkqubo iyaqhubeka isebenza phantsi kwaloo migaqo-siseko, njengokuba ijikelezwe lezobupolitika liguquke ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-18.

Kubemi, isitshixo sikukuba iElectoral College ayiyo ndawo yokoqobo kodwa bubuchule bokukhetha. Xa uvota ngoNovemba, uthatha inxaxheba kunyulo lomgangatho wezwe olumisela ukuba liliphi iqela labanyuli eliza kuthumela kwiqumrhu lesizwe lokwenza izigqibo. Esi sakhiwo silungelelanisiweyo sithetha ukuba imithetho yokuthabatha inxaxheba ingahluka kancinci ukusuka kwimeko ngemeko, kodwa isiseko sihlala sihambelana kuwo onke amazwe angama-50 kunye neSithili seColumbia.

Uhlaziyo lwe-12 LoMphengululo waphucula inkqubo ngokufuna iivote ezahlukeneyo zikaMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli, ukuphelisa inkqubo yokuqala apho umlobi waba lisekela lomongameli. Olu tshintsho lwenza inkqubo yokukhetha yakwazi ukuxelelwa kakuhle kwaye yangqinelana nokuphuhliswa kwamaqela ezobupolitika. Ukuqonda le miqulu-maleko yembali kunceda abavoti-nxaxheba baqonde ukuba i-Electoral College ayiyo ndawo ehlalayo kodwa asiyonkqubo ejikelezayo emenziwe ziinguquko zomgaqo-siseko, umthetho-orhulumente, kunye neentsha ezintsha zomgangatho worhulumente.

Ukuqonda Izixhobo Zokudlala: Indlela Ezisetyenziswa Ngayo Iigesi

Ukugqiba inani lelizwe ngalinye

Urhulumente ngamnye wamkela inani labanyuli elilingana nomelo lwabo olupheleleyo kwiBhunga, okuthetha ukuba urhulumente ngamnye ufumana umnyuli omnye kwilungu ngalinye leNdlu yabameli kunye nabanyuli ababini abakwizicaka zayo. Washington, D.C. ufumana iivoti ezintathu zabanyuli phantsi koMphengululi wama-23, unika isithili kunyulo lweziko lomongameli ngaphandle komelo olupheleleyo. Inani elipheleleyo labanyuli limi ngo-58, kunye nenkoliso lwevoti ezingama-270 zabavoti abavoti abakhethiweyo abafunekayo ukuphumelela i-Precienusies.

Olu luhlu lwabiwe ludala ukwahluka okungokwemvelo kumandla okuvota phakathi kwamazwe. I-Wyoming, enabemi abamalunga nama-580 000, ifumana amavoti amathathu akhethiweyo, ngelixesha iKhalifoniya, enabemi abaphantse babe zii-39 lezigidi, ifumana amavoti angama-544. Kwisiseko ngasinye, abavoti aba-Wyoming banobuphinda-phindwe kathathu impembelelo yonyulo yabavoti baseKhalifoniya. Lo msebenzi wokwakha asiyo nto isiphene kodwa yiyo eyamaqhinga aqinisekisa ukuba amazwe amancinane ahlala ekwiziko lonovoti zikamongameli. Iintlingi eziqonda ezinamandla zingasiqonda kakuhle isizathu sokuba abavoti banikele ingqalelo yabo kumazwe athile nesizathu sokuba abavoti babo bebote ubunzima obukhethekileyo kumongongongongongowesizwe.

IBhunga loLawulo loTshazimpuzi liqhuba ubalo lwemiba yelizwe lonke rhoqo emva kweminyaka elishumi, kwaye iziphumo zichaza indlela ezihlulwa ngayo izihlalo zendlu ezingama-435 kumazwe. Emva kokuba kuqatshelwe inani labantu, amazwe angafumana okanye aphulukane neevoti ezisekelwe kwintlukwano zabemi. Le mijikelo yokuvota ithetha utshintsho lwemaphu yonyulo eboniswa ngexesha elithile, ebonisa ukwanda kwabemi eMzantsi naseNtshona ngexesha lemimandla emidala kuMntla-mpuma naseMbindi weNtshona ibone iphembelelo yabo.

Inqanawa ethatha zonke iinkqubo kunye neMaine neNebraska ekhethekileyo

Kumazwe angama-48 kunye neWashington, D.C., amavoti akhethiweyo anikwa isiseko sonke. Umvoti ofumana olona voti zithandwayo kwelo lizwe ufumana zonke iivoti zikarhulumente. Le nkqubo igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphumelela urhulumente ngomda omxinwa kwaye ichaza isizathu sokuba amaphulo kamongameli agxininise izibonelelo kumazwe akhuphiswano apho isiphumo singenakuqiniseka. Kulawulo olunamandla kumatyala, ukuphumelela-onke inkqubo evota ingenza ingqiqo yokuba ivoti yabo ingenamsebenzi kwisiphumo sesizwe, nangona ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kusafuneka kubaluleke kakhulu kumaqela entlalo-balathi nakumanyathelo ezwe ngokubanzi.

Maine ne Nebraska zilandela indlela eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yindlela yengingqi yengingqi. Ezi zichaza iivoti ezimbini zokhetho ezithandwayo yingingqi ngokubanzi kwaye zanikezela ivoti enye kwingingqi nganye ekwindawo yovoti ethandwayo esekelwe kwivoti ethandwayo kweso sithili. Le nkqubo ivumela ukuphinda iziphumo zonyulo, apho umvoteli angaphumelela kwezinye iziqithili kwingingqi ngexesha lokulahlekelwa ngumbuso ngokubanzi. Kutshanje, uMane noNebraska uve uvelise iziphumo ezibala elibalasele libalasele kwiminye indlela. Abami kula maphondo banempembelelo eninzi kwiziphumo zokhetho, njengemivoti yabo yokhetho kwisigaba sommandla nakumgangatho wombuso wonke.

Inkqubo yesithili yengingqi yengingqi itsale umdla kubaguquli abathi baphikisane ngayo ngokuchanekileyo babonise ukuthanda okuthandwayo ngaphakathi kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Noko ke, abagxeki babonisa ukuba izakunyusa amathuba okulawula abaphambukeli, ekubeni imida yesithili etsalwe ziindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente isenokugqwetha ulwahlulo lwevoti. Ukuqonda ezi zicalucalulo kunika abemi umxholo ukuvavanya iingcebiso zotshintsho nokuqonda indlela imithetho yelizwe labo ebumba ngayo inxaxheba kwabo.

Indima ye Voter kwiNkqubo ye-Electoral College

Ukuphosa Ibhola Yakho Kwiibhele, Ingezozingxwaba

Abavoti abaninzi abaqondi ukuba xa bengena kwitheko lovotelo, bakhetha ubuchule bokukhetha isileti sabanyuli kunokuba bakhethe ngqo uMongameli noMongameli onguMongameli. Amagama abo bathe bafumana umongameli abonakala kumphathi-majoni, kodwa loo magama aqhotyoshelwe kwiqela labanyuli abathembise ukuxhasa abo batshatileyo. Umthetho karhulumente umisela indlela abanyuli abatyunjwa ngayo ngamaqela ezobupolitika, ngokwesiqhelo ebudeni beendibano zeqela okanye ngokweenkqubo zangaphakathi. Abantu abasebenza njengabanyuli basoloko bebameli, abanyuliweyo, okanye iinkokeli zoluntu ezinyulelwe ukuxhasa ukunyaniseka kwabo nenkonzo yabo.

Olu nxulumano lungangqalanga phakathi kwevoti edumileyo kunye neziphumo zonyulo ludala umaleko wokhetho olunokudida abavoti. Noko ke, isiphumo esisebenzayo sicacile: uvoti edumileyo ezweni lonke imisela ukuba yesiphi isileti sabanyuli esihlalwayo. Xa uvota isalathisi somvoti-mthetho weDemocratic okanye iRepublicaan, uyalela amagosa onyulo orhulumente wakho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba ityala labavoti ukuba umvoti wakho uphumelele. Abavoti bokholo abaphula izivumelwano zabo banqabile kodwa bayenzeka, kwaye amanye amazwe amisele imithetho efuna abavoti ukuba bavote ngokwezibo ababoleki okanye izigwebo zabo zobuso. Inkundla ephakamileyo ixhasa le mithetho yesivumelwano kwimeko yama-2020 i-Chiaflo. Washington, iqinisekisa ingcamango yokuba abavotisi booti boosi bovoti bovote kwiziphumo ezithandwayo.

Kukonyulwa okusebenzisekayo, abavoti kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba babhalisile, baqinisekise indawo yabo yokuvota, baze baqonde iimfuno zokwahlula kukarhulumente wabo phambi koSuku loNnyulo. IKhomishini yoNkxaso loPhuhliso inika abavoti izinto zokuqinisekisa ukuba bavavanye ukubhalisa kwabo baze bafunde ngemithetho ecacileyo karhulumente. Ukwazi indawo kunye nolwazi lonxibelelwano lweofisi yakho yonyulo kuqinisekisa ukuba ungacombulula nayiphi na ingxaki ephakamayo ngexesha lokhetho.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukhuthazo Lwakho Lube Lubalulekile Kwanakwimimandla Engalawulekiyo

Voters zichaza ukuba ngamanye amaxesha zixhomekeke ngokuqhubekayo kwiqela elinye ukuba liyathandabuza ukuba inxaxheba yalo iyawenza umahluko kusini na. Oku kuthandabuza kuyaqondakala kodwa akuhoyi imilinganiso emininzi ebalulekileyo yokudityaniswa kwemibutho yoluntu. Iintlalo zebhola ephantsi yendlu, indlu, indlu yowiso-mthetho, irhuluneli, kunye neeofisi zasekuhlaleni zimisela ngqo iziphumo zenkqubo kwimiba enjengemfundo, ubuchule, izibonelelo, kunye nerhafu. I-Electoral College ibumba i- hosten, kodwa izigqibo ezininzi ezilandelayo zenziwa kurhulumente nakwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni apho ivoti yakho igqiba iziphumo.

Ngaphezu koko, unyuko oluphezulu kumazwana angaqhubekiyo athumela imiqondiso kwiinkokeli zeqela malunga nehlombe lomvoti kunye nenkqubo ephambili. Urhulumente obonakala kumanani anamandla kumntu ophulukana nongenelelo ubonakalisa amandla entlangano, amandla okuzithandela, kunye nenkanuko yezobupolitika ephembelela iqonga kunye nezixhobo ezinikwa izibonelelo kwimijikelo yexesha elizayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, utshintsho lwamanani oluntu lungasusa utyekelo lwe-orhulumente lokuvota, kwaye imodeli eqhubekayo ibhala le mithetho yokujika iinguqu-nkqubo zohlalutyo zohlalutyo kunye neenkqele zephulo. Uvoteko oludumileyo lwesizwe, nangona lungagqibi uqululo oluqhelekileyo, nangona lungagqibi nobunzima bezopolitiko, luthwala ubunzima bezopolitiko kwimibangezo zeElctoral Collegent kunye nomthetho.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuba nenxaxheba kukhetho ngalunye lwamaqumrhu oluntu omeleza amaziko edemokhrasi. Xa abemi besoloko bevota, banikela ingqalelo esondeleyo kwimicimbi kawonke-wonke, baxubusha imicimbi nabamelwane babo, baze babandakanye amagosa anyuliweyo aphendule enoba iziphumo zobungangamsha ziyintoni na. Oku kuthenjiswa ngokuqhubekayo sisiseko seriphabliki esempilweni, kwaye kuqalisa ngumntu ngamnye ozinika ixesha lokufunda nokugada ibhunga elinolwazi.

Ibhayisikile Yobomi Yejelo Elincinane

Imini Yokhetho

Le nkqubo iqala ngoLwesibini emva koMvulo wokuqala ngoNovemba, xa abemi kulo lonke ilizwe bephosa izithuba zabo. Amagosa onyulo karhulumente agcina iziphumo kwaye aqinisekisa uququzelelo lwevoti oluthandwayo norhulumente ngokubanzi kumntu ngamnye oza kubandakanya iibhodi zonyulo lwengingqi, imo-ntsithi ichaza ukuba imida imxinene, kwaye ivunywa yokugqibela yirhuluneli karhulumente okanye igunya lonyulo. Eli xesha lidla ngokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke ekusondeleni kohlanga kunye neenkqubo zokudwelisa urhulumente.

Ngeli xesha, abaphumeleli beprojekthi yoshicilelo olusekelwe kwimivo yovoti kunye nohlolo lokuphuma, kodwa ukuzimisela okusemthethweni kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo zikarhulumente ngamnye. Abahlali kufuneka baxhomekeke kwiziphumo zonyulo lwebhodi yorhulumente esemthethweni kunokuba bathembele kwiziphumo zomjelo-ndaba xa bevavanya iziphumo zonyulo lonyulo. Ixesha lokufumana iziphumo zonyulo liyehla ekuqaleni koDisemba, linika ixesha lokuzinzisa iimbambano nokuqinisekisa ukubala okuchanileyo. I-Electoral Count Reformation Act yoward yowaleko yowama 20222 yacacisa indima yabalawuli bequlukelo lwemidanganiso, inika ukucaca okungakumbi kweli nqanaba lenkqubo.

Ukudibana Kwabahlalutyi

NgoLwesibini lokuqala emva koLwesithathu lwesibini ngoDisemba, abavoti bahlanganisa kumakomkhulu abo elizwe ukuze bavote. Le ntlanganiso isenzeka ngaxeshanye kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50 kunye neWashington, D.C., idala isiganeko esilungelelanisiweyo sesizwe. Ababhexeshi bevote ngephepha, ibhola enye yeMongameli nenye yevoti kaMongameli. Batyobela amaxwebhu amathandathu evoti, asasazwa kumagosa ahlukeneyo kuquka uMongameli weNtsimbi, uViko, uVimba weSizwe, nonobhala-Rhulumente wesizwe. Intlanganiso ingumthetho kodwa ingumsebenzi ogunyazisayo esemthethweni kwinkqubo yonyulo.

Intlanganiso nganye karhulumente iqhutywa yirhuluneli okanye ligosa elimiselweyo lonyulo, kwaye imicimbi idla ngokubonwa ngamalungu oluntu kunye noondaba. Abahlalutyi banganikela iintetho okanye babe nenxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokomfuziselo, kodwa umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukubhala nokudlulisela iivoti zabo. Uwonke-wonke unokuzibona ezi ntlanganiso, kwaye amanye amazwe aphila ngokuvalwa kwemiboniso kwii-webhsayithi zawo zeofisi zonyulo. Ingingili ezinomdla kwinkqubo i-ofisi yonyulo yephondo ukuze ziqhagamshelane neofisi yonyulo okanye zibukele intlanganiso kwikomkhulu lawo.

Ukuqinisekisa

Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, iBhunga lihlanganisa intlanganiso ubala iivoti zonyulo kunye nokuqinisekisa umvumi. UMongameli ongumongameli, kwindima yakhe njengoMongameli weNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlanganiso, ulawula intlanganiso kwaye uvula iziqinisekiso ezivela kwilizwe ngalinye kulandelelwano lobalo-mthetho. Amaphepha asuka kwindlu nendlu afunda ngokuvakalayo isiqinisekiso ngasinye kwaye abhale ingxelo yamavoti. Umvoti kufuneka afumane iivoti ezingama-70 zomvoti ukuze abhaptizwe njengoMongameli-mkeli. Le siqinisekiso linyathelo lokugqibela legosasemthethweni kwinkqubo yokhetho kwaye libonakala kungekho mpikiswano.

Umthetho weElectoral Count Reform Act ka-2022 wenza utshintsho olubalulekileyo kweli nqanaba ngokuphakamisa umqobo wokuhlala ulwalelo kubalo lwabanyulwa. Phantsi komthetho omtsha, ubuncinane isiqingatha esinye sesiqingatha samalungu endlu kunye neNdlu yeeNdlela kufuneka sityikitye kulwamkelo lwamandla ukuze luqwalaselwe. Olu tshintsho lwenzelwe ukunqanda ukuphikisa okungachananga nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yesiqinisekiso ibonisa ukuthanda kwabanyusi njengoko kuboniswe ngeziphumo zomgangatho wombuso. Isehlolo luyixesha elinamandla kubomi bezentlalo-ntle yaseMelika, libonakalisa ukufuduselwa koxolo kwamandla alawula urhulumente womgaqo-siseko.

Ngoobani Abafundisi Yaye Bakhethwa Njani?

Abahlalutyi bangabantu abaqhelekileyo abakhethwe ngamaqela abo ezobupolitika ukuvota abaza kuthatha inxaxheba. Inkqubo yokukhetha iyahluka-hluka ngokwemeko, kodwa ilandela ngokuqhelekileyo omnye wemizekelo emithathu. Amanye amaphondo akhetha abanyuli ngexesha leendibano zeqela, apho abathunywa bevoti kuluhlu lwabanyulwa abanconyelwayo lukhokelo lweqela. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa inkqubo apho ikomiti yeqela lomongameli okanye ikomiti yeqela lorhulumente ikhetha abantu ukuba basebenze njengabanyuli. Indlela yesithathu ibandakanya iqela lekomiti elisemgangathweni lonyulo lonyulo emva konyulo jikelele kodwa phambi komvotiso-mlo-mvolo.

Abantu abasebenza njengabanyuli badla ngokuba nembali yenkonzo yeqela. Basenokuba ngamagosa anyuliweyo, amagosa eqela akhoyo, abaxhasi bephulo, okanye iinkokeli zoluntu eziye zabonakalisa ukunyaniseka kulo mbutho. Umthetho woMasipala uyamthintela nabani na oye waququzelela ukuvukela okanye ukuvukela i-United States ekubeni abe ngumnyuli, yaye akukho mmeli, okanye umntu okwisikhundla sokuthenjwa okanye afumane inzuzo phantsi kwe-United States. Le mithetho yonyulo iqinisekisa ukuba abanyuli bangabahlali-ndlu yangabemi endaweni yokuhlala kwi-ofisi yorhulumente.

Abemi abanomdla wokuba ngumnyuli-ziko bangafikelela kwiqela labo lezobupolitika ukuze babuze malunga nenkqubo yokukhetha. Ngoxa ithuba lokusebenza njengomnyuli linqabile kwaye lixhomekeke ekuphumeleleni kwevoti ethandwa ngurhulumente ngokubanzi, limela indlela enentsingiselo yokuba nenxaxheba ngqo kwinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko. Iqela ngalinye lorhulumente linganikela inkcazelo ngeendibano okanye iintlanganiso ezizayo apho abanyulwayo baqwalaselwa khona.

Abaphengululi Abangenalukholo: Kwenzeka Ntoni Xa Izazi Zisilela?

Umkhethi ongenalukholo ngomnye ovota ngokuchasene nesifungo sabo okanye iziphumo ezidumileyo zovoti kwilizwe labo. Kuyo yonke imbali yase-U.S., abavoti abangaphantsi kwama-200 baye basophula isifungo sabo, kwaye akukho mkhethi ungenalukholo owakha waguqula iziphumo zonyulo lomongameli. Noko ke, iziganeko ezizodwa zenzeka, kuquka omnye ngo2016 xa abavoti bakarhulumente waseWashington bezama ukuvotela omnye umntu ngaphandle kuka-Hillary Clinton. Inkundla ePhakamileyo eChiafalo v. Washington (2020) yaxhasa igunya lamazwe lokuqinisekisa imithetho yemimiselo yonyulo ngokususa okanye ukugweba abavoti bokholo.

Amatyala angamashumi amathathu anesithathu kunye neSithili saseColumbia sinemithetho efuna abanyuli ukuba bavote ngokwesifungo sabo. Amanye amatyala asuka ngokuzenzekelayo abavoti abangenalukholo aze athathe indawo yabo ngeminye imiba, ngelixa abanye bemisela intengo yabemi okanye izityholo eziphosakeleyo. Inkundla ePhakamileyo igweba igweba ukuba umGaqo-siseko awubaniki abanyuli lungelo mvume yokuvota isazela sabo kwaye abaququzeleli bomthetho bangabopha abanyuli kwisiphumo sovoti esiqhelekileyo. Oku kucacile kusemthethweni kunciphise umngcipheko wabachongi abangenalukholo abaphembeleli abaphembeleli abaqhubela phambili kunyulo lomongameli.

Kubemi, umvoti ongenalukholo ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda indlela abanyulwa abakhethwa ngayo baze baphendulwe ngayo. Ngexa kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvele ukuphambuka, ukhuseleko lokwakha kunye nezithintelo ezisemthethweni zenza kube yinto enqabileyo ukuba abakhethi abangenalukholo bachaphazele isiphumo sohlanga. Abavoti abachongi belizwe labo ngokuqinisekileyo baza kuphoswa kuvota abachongiweyo abadumileyo kulo rhulumente.

Imbono Eqhelekileyo Engachananga Ngekholeji ye-Electoral

Iimbono eziliqela eziphosakeleyo ziyaqhubekeka ngeElectoral College, kwaye ukuthetha nazo kunceda abemi babandakanyeke ngolwazi olungakumbi ngenkqubo. Enye into engaqhelekanga ukungaqondani yile iElectoral College sisakhiwo esiphathekayo esikwisakhiwo eWashington, D.C. ngenene, liqela elisasazekileyo labacholi abadibana kunye kuzo zonke iikomkhulu ezingama-50 zamazwe. Akukho ndawo i-Electoral College, kwaye akukho ndawo inye apho bonke abavoti bama-58 bahlanganisana khona.

Enye into ephosakeleyo ithi ivoti ethandwayo ayikhathali kuba iElectoral College igqiba ngomvuzo. Ngelixesha kuyinyaniso ukuba iElectoral College idlula ivoti ethandwayo yesizwe xa isibini sinyukela ngaphandle, ivoti ethandwayo kwilizwe ngalinye imisela indlela abavoti belizwe ngalinye abanokubona ngayo ukuba umahluko wabo uphathelele umgangatho wokhetho lwelizwe xa uwonke, hayi umgangatho wesizwe, kodwa uhlala usebenza ngamandla apheleleyo kwivoti yovoti yokhetho. Abemi abaqondayo lo mahluko bayakwazi ukubona ukuba umgangatho wabo wokuvota kwimote yokhetho lwesizwe lwabo kwanokuba uwonke oqhelekileyo awumkhethile.

Abanye abavoti bakholelwa ukuba abavoti babotshiwe ngumthetho wesizwe ukuba bavote ngendlela ethile. Enyanisweni, umthetho karhulumente ulawula izibophelelo zonyulo, kwaye iNkundla ePhakamileyo iqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente banganyanzelisa iimfuno zebhanki. Noko ke, akukho mthetho wesizwe ufuna abanyuli ukuba bavote nabani na oza kubhalisa. Le nkqubo ibophelelo isebenza kwisakhiwo somthetho somgangatho karhulumente esahlukayo kulo lonke ilizwe. Ukukhangela ikhowudi yonyulo lorhulumente wakho kunika owona mfanekiso ucacileyo weembopheleleko zomkhethi kulawulo lwakho.

Ingcamango yokugqibela ephosakeleyo yeyokuba iElectoral College ayikho melo-modemokrati ithelekiswa nenkqubo yonyulo yamanye amazwe. Enyanisweni, ulawulo-melo oluninzi lusebenzisa iindlela zonyulo ezingangqalanga okanye izakhiwo zikarhulumente ukunikezela ngamandla kwimimandla ephela. IJamani, iIndiya, kunye ne-Itali zonke zikho iikholeji ezikhethiweyo okanye amaqumrhu afanayo okukhetha iintloko zikarhulumente. Inkqubo ye-U.S. inkqubo ayiqhelekanga ekunikeni amagunya apheleleyo kulawulo lonyulo, kodwa ingcamango yonyulo olungangqalanga nobunzima bengingqini bomhlaba ayiqhelekanga ehlabathini lonke.

Indlela Abahlali Abanokusebenzisana Ngayo Ngaphandle Kokuncoma Abanye

Ukuba ngummi okhutheleyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kunokufaka ivoti rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emine. Abahlali abafuna ukuqinisa uganano lwabo nenkqubo ye-Electoral College bangasukela iindlela ezininzi. Ukuya kwintlanganiso yabanyuli kwikomkhulu lelizwe lakho kuyindlela enamandla yokugcina idemokhrasi isebenza. Ezi ntlanganiso zinguwonke-wonke, kwaye amazwe amaninzi anika ababukeli izihlalo. Ukunikela abavoti izihlabo zabo nokusayina iziqinisekiso kunika unxulumano lobuqu kwinkqubo yomgaqo-siseko engakhe abemi abaninzi bawubone.

Ukubaleka iofisi njengomnyuli yenye indlela yokubophelela. Iqela ngalinye eliphambili lezobupolitika lifuna abanyuli kulo lonke iphondo, kwaye inkqubo yokuba ngumntu omnye iqala ngokubandakanyeka kwiqela. Ukusebenza ngokuzithandela nombutho wasekuhlaleni, ukuhlanganisa iinqila, nokwakha ulwalamano olukwizikhundla zolawulo lweqela labantu ezifanele zigqalwe njengemisebenzi yokukhetha. Nokuba awukhethwanga, inkqubo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi yeqela iqinisa inkqubo yolawulo-demokhrasi eyandileyo.

Ukufundisa abanye ngeElectoral College ngemibutho yasekuhlaleni, izikolo, okanye amajelo eendaba kunceda abantu bafunde ukubhalisa. Abami abaninzi bahlala bedidekile ngendlela abadibana ngayo nokhetho, kwaye iingcaciso ezicacileyo ezivela kubamelwane okanye kwiinkokeli zoluntu zinokunciphisa unxunguphalo kwaye zandise inxaxheba. Ulawulo lweSizwe samaZibonelelo noLawulo lweziQubo zinika ubuncwane obuneenkcukacha malunga nenkqubo yeElectoral Colleges abanokubelana ngayo neenkqubo zabo.

Ukusebenzisa amanyathelo okuguqula izinto yenye indlela yabemi abakholelwa ukuba iElectoral College kufuneka itshintshe. Iintlangano kumacala omabini engxoxo zifuna utshintsho kugcino okanye utshintsho lwenkqubo. INational Popular Vote Intertate Community ijolise ekuqinisekiseni umongameli kumntu ophumelele uvotelo oluthandwayo lwesizwe ngaphandle kokuphelisa iElectoral College. Abaturali bangafunda ngale njongo nezinye iingcebiso ngoluvo ngemibutho yokufundisa angena ragente efana noManyano lwabesifazane Voters okanye iBipartarian Policy Center.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuqhagamshelana nendlu yowiso-mthetho okanye amagosa onyulo ukuze avakalise iimbono kulawulo lonyulo kuqinisekisa ukuba amazwi alawula indlela inkqubo esebenza ngayo. Abenzi bomthetho karhulumente bamisela imithetho yokubhalisa umvoti, ukufikelela, ukuvota, iiyure zokuchola, nokhuseleko lonyulo. Ukubhala ileta, ukuya kwintlanganiso kawonke-wonke, okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kwintlanganiso yeholo yedolophu kukunika indima engqalileyo ekulungiseni imekobume yabanyuli yonyulo ukwenzela unyulo oluzayo.

Isiphelo

I-Electoral College isengumsebenzi ochaza unyulo lomongameli waseMelika, idibanisa isithethe somGaqo-siseko nedemokhrasi yomgangatho karhulumente. Kubemi, ukuqonda le nkqubo kuguqula ingcamango yezobupolitika engekho ngqiqweni ibe lulwazi olusebenzisekayo ngendlela abavotayo abazenza ngayo iziphumo zokhetho. Uhambo olusuka ekufakeni ibhola kaNovemba ukunikela ubungqina ngesiqinisekiso sovote yonyulo ngoJanuwari yinkqubo edityanisela inxaxheba kulawulo lwesizwe.

Indima yommi ngamnye kule nkqubo yeyokwenyaniso nenesiphumo. Ukukhuthaza abanyuli, ukubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zeqela, ukuqwalasela iintlanganiso zonyulo, kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho zonke zimela iindlela ezinentsingiselo zokuthabatha inxaxheba kwezentlalo-ntle. IElectoral College isenokubonakala intsonkothile okanye ithe nqa, kodwa ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke kwisiseko esinye njengawo onke amaqumrhu olawulo-melo: ukuthatha inxaxheba ngolwazi, ngokukhutheleyo kubantu abasebenza kubo.

Njengoko uhlanga luqhubeka luguquka, iElectoral College iza kuhlala ingumbandela wengxoxo notshintsho olunokwenzeka. Abami abazinika ixesha lokuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo, imbali yayo, nendima yabo kulo bayakwazi ukuqhuba loo ngxoxo kwaye banegalelo kwimpilo-demokhrasi yaseMerika. Le nkqubo ayifezekanga, kodwa ke yiyo esimele siyiqonde, ithathele inxaxheba, kwaye iphucule.