Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kuye kwaba yenye yezona ngxaki zicinezelayo zokusingqongileyo kwinkulungwane engamashumi amabini anesihlanu, ezichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amabini ezigidi abahlala kumazwe axinezeleke kakhulu. Ngoxa uninzi lweziko lokuncokola ngoluntu ngokunkcenkceshelwa kwemali yezolimo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kamasipala, amanzi afihlakeleyo kwimveliso yemihla ngemihla . Ukusuka kwi-cell phone ukuya kwisibini semiboniso yee-ibhuluni ze-injini/i-i-intshi enkulu nengahoywanga yomqhubi wamanzi osetyenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ukuthetha ngale “manzinzi e-manzi” kufuna inkqubo edityaniswe kunyanzelisa amaziko, acuthe, kwaye ngokucacileyo ityhila ukubaluleka kwamanzi. Eli nqaku lihlola ukubaluleka kweenyawo ezihambayo kwimpahla kwaye lihlola iindlela zokulungisa inkqubo ezinokuthi zikhokelele ukunciphisa.

Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Wamanzi Onemveliso

Ingcamango yokukhupha unyawo lwamanzi yaveliswa ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yeTwene ukunikezela ngomlinganiselo obanzi wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo. Ithetha ukuba wonke amanzi atyiweyo nangcoliswe kulo lonke umthamo wemveliso (ukusuka kwimveliso ekrwada yokukhupha izinto zokuyilwa, ezothutho, ezisebenzisa, nezilahlwayo. Ngokungafaniyo nomlinganiselo wamanzi alula, unyawo olushicilelweyo lwamanzi olugcinwa emhlabeni kwaye olusetyenziswa zizityalo, kunye [FLT:] amanzi alinganayo [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT]] [FLT] [1] [ult:] [iglate ne-amanzi aphukayo], [[FLT] amanzi afunekayo ukuthoba) umgangatho ofunekayo wobumanzi olingana nomgangatho ofunekayo wokufumana amanzi. [[FLT]

Umzila Wamanzi Onqumla Kwiibhayisikile Zobomi

Wonke umntu othenga kakuhle ubalisa ibali ngamanzi.

  • ICotton T-shirt: I-t-shirt enye ifuna malunga ne 2,700 yelitha lamanzi, `elingana noko umntu aselayo kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu. Uninzi lwala manzi ngamanzi aluhlaza asetyenziselwa ukukhulisa isityalo somqhaphu, kodwa amanzi aluhlaza abalulekileyo asetyenziswa ekunkcenkcesheleni kunye nakumanzi aluhlaza okudaya nokugqiba.
  • Smartphone: Ukuveliswa kocingo oluqhelekileyo olusebenzisa malunga ne12,760 ilita zamanzi. Ngoxa oku kusetyenziswa kwimigodi nakucoliselo (umz., lithium, cobalt, golide), inkqubo ye-aptic isongelwe ngamanzi acocekileyo, efuna amanzi acocekileyo ukucoca ii-rafer.
  • I-Beef burger: Inyama yenkomo enye (50g) inemingxuma yamanzi ekwi 2 350 yelitha, eqhutywa kakhulu ngamanzi afunekayo ukufuya izityalo zenkomo.

Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba unyawo loshicilelo lwamanzi alukho kusetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso olungqalileyo; lubotshelelwe kakhulu kumatyathanga okuxhobisa ngemiqhaphu edityanisiweyo ukuze kwenziwe. Ngenxa yoko, ungenelelo lwenkqubo kufuneka lufikelele kumgangatho wokulima nokukhupha umzantsi wenqanawe ukuze luvelise kwaye lulahleke.

Umlinganiselo Wamanzi Omhlaba Wonke Wezambuku

Iimpahla zentengiso zijikeleza amacandelo amaninzi, ngalinye elinamanzi ahlukeneyo. Icandelo lezolimo lelona likhulu elithengwa ngamanzi acocekileyo emhlabeni wonke, libalelwa malunga nama-70% eepesenti azo zonke izinto eziphumayo. Ngako oko, izityalo zikhula kwimpahla, i-biofiel, kunye nokutya okudityanisiweyo kunegalelo elikhulu. Ishishini lefashoni lodwa linetyala malunga nama-79 bbiliyoni ezigidi zamanzi ngonyaka, inani elilindeleke ukuba likhule ngokukhawuleza njengefashoni. Ishishini le-elektroniki, ngoxa lisemgangathweni, lixhomekeke kwimimandla ephezulu kakhulu ehamba amanzi, enjengeTaiwan neSouth Korea, apho ii-fyubic esetyenziswayo esetyenziswayo ngewotshi esetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ukutya kunye nesiselo sinye isixa esinzima. Ngaphaya kwamanzi afakwe kwimichiza ekrwada, ulungiso kunye nepakethe yongeza imigca yamanzi eluhlaza nengwevu. Umzekelo, ukuvelisa ikhilogram enye yetshokoleti kufuna malunga nemalita yamanzi angama-24, ngexesha ilita yamanzi afakwe kwibhotile esetyenziswa ukuya kwisihlanu selitha yamanzi kwimveliso yayo (kuquka ipakethe kunye nezithuthi). La manani agxininisa ukuba abathengi badla ngokungawazi umthwalo wamanzi opheleleyo emva kokuthenga into yonke imihla.

Ubuchule bokunciphisa iinyawo zamanzi

Imigaqo esebenzayo kufuneka idityaniswe ngobuninzi, idityaniswe nomthetho, izikhuthazo zezoqoqosho, iimfuno zokubona ngaphaya, kunye nenkxaso yohlaziyo. Ngaphantsi zintsika ezingundoqo.

Imigangatho yolawulo ukwenzela ukwaneliseka ngamanzi

Oorhulumente bangamisela imilinganiselo esezantsi enyanzelisayo yamanzi asebenzayo ukwenzela iinkqubo zokwakha, efana nemilinganiselo yempumelelo yamandla kwizixhobo. Umzekelo, i-European Union i-[FTLT:0] I-Industrial Directives [ iquka imida ebophekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezixhobo zoshishino. Ukubekwa kwemithetho enje kudayiso lwezigqubu, ulungiso lokutya, kunye nomatshini wokuvelisa i-elektroniki-ma. Ubunzima bamanzi obubongeebhlowubhlowu obubobhabhabhabhayo kunye nobunzulu bamanzi `ilinganiswe kwiyunithi nganye yemveliso .-a amandla e-a amandla enkampani ukunikezela kwizixhobo zoshishino-omatshini bokwenza ubugcisa boko-omileyo, kunye neenkqubo ezivaliweyo zombane.

Izizathu Zezoqoqosho Nezokungakhuthazi

Izixhobo zezoqoqosho zingalawula indlela yokuziphatha yenkampani ngaphandle kwemiyalelo engqalileyo. Iinkampani ezisebenzisa ubugcisa obusebenza ngentengiso yamanzi (umz., iinkqubo zokucoca iinkitho, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi kwimizi - mveliso encinci esetyenziswayo) zingahlisa umqobo wemali ukuze itshintshe. Ngokuchasene noko, utshintsho lwamanzi olukwindawo yoshishino / ukunyusa abasebenzisi bemizi - mveliso ixabiso elipheleleyo lokukhupha amanzi nonyango olunemali ukuhlisa ukusetyenziswa. Inani lamazwe, kuquka iAustralia kunye neenxalenye ze-Indiya, aye afaka amanzi athengenwa ngamanzi apho abasebenzisi bahlawula khona amazi aphezulu, akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kogcino kwamanzi.

Ukucaca kunye nokuchaza ngemveliso

Abathengi abakwaziyo ukuqhuba ii-drives zentengiso. I-policies efuna imilinganiselo ecacileyo echaza imveliso ngezantsi kwexabiso lamanzi afana negama elichaza amandla enkwenkwezi.

Uphando nokuTshazisa

Uphando oluxhotyisiweyo lukarhulumente lungakhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezifuna amanzi amancinci. Imizekelo iquka uphuhliso lobugcisa bokudaya idayi engenamanzi (umz., ukusebenzisa i-CO2 njengencilisi endaweni yamanzi), imicu edida-odayo enciphisa imithwalo empumkileyo, kunye nentlobo zezityalo zezityalo zezityalo zentlalo ukwenzela ifiber kunye nokondla. Iinkampani ezincedisayo zoluntu, njengobungozi obuphakathi koomatiloshe bamanzi e-, i-Alliance for Matistership , inceda ukunyuka kwemichiza enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nongcoliseko. Inkqubo yokulawula amanzi kufuneka ixhase i-cregingssss, enceda ubuchule bokwazi ukuphawula nokuthoza amanzi kwimixokelelwa.

Ulawulo lweNkxaso neNkxaso yoMsebenzi wehlabathi

Iqatshelwe ukuba imveliso yabathengi isoloko yenziwe kwimimandla ekude apho zithengiswa khona, iinkqubo zesizwe ezingangeni manzi zinokuba zanele. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe ```````````''''''''''''' njengeyamanzi'''[[FLT']].[FLT']---accaca imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yokuchaza iinyawo zamanzi kunye nokuvala iintambo. Izivumelwano zorhwebo zingaquka ii-galelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo, ukudibanisa ii-pajiko-mfayiti ezitheneyo ukuvumelana ne-actedmarkstates. Isikhokelo se-ECD soMkhosi ekunikezeleni umxokelelwano wolawulo lwezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo ukulawula iimpembelelo zamanzi ngaphaya kwemidanti, kwaye izama ukuqhuba le migaqo ngamanzi ngenkqubo.

Uphando Ngetyala Kumgaqo Wokuprinta Ngenyawo

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa ukuba inkqubo ingaqhuba unciphiso olunokuncitshiswa kwiinyawo ezihamba emanzini.

Inkqubo Yamanzi EKhalifoniya

Ukujongwa komqhaphu onganyangekiyo, iKhalifoniya yasebenzisa ingqokelela ebanzi yemithetho phantsi kwe I-Indusutrial, intengiso, kunye ne-Institutional Effective Evect Standard . Le migangatho ifuna amaziko okuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi lwamanzi, ukufaka ulawulo olusezantsi, kunye nokwenza ulawulo olungcono. Le nkqubo ikhokelele ekuncitshisweni komlinganiselo ongaphezulu kwe-15% kusetyenziso lwamanzi oshishinosusela phambili ukususela ngo-2015, kunye nogcino-mali olubalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kokutya kunye nophuhlisa kwe-elektroniki. Indlela yokusebenza yeKhalifoni idian iditya nokunika ingxelo ngoncedo lobugcisa.(imode enokuthi i-ohlulwe ngemilinganiso enkulu.

Isakhelo esisebenza ngokuquka imilinganiselo kunye noshicilelo lwenyawo lwamanzi

I-WFD ye-European Union imisela iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo zomgangatho wamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kumazwe angamalungu. Nangona ingajoliswanga ngqo kwimveliso, i-WFD iqhube amalungu elizwe ukuba asebenzise uhlolo lwemibhobho yamanzi kwiplani elungiselelwe ukusingqongileyo kwelizwe. Amanye amazwe, njengeNetherlands neJamani, aye andisa ezi mfuneko kwimizi - mveliso yemibhobho yombane neyombane, ifuna uhlalutyo lwamanzi ebhayisekile ukwenzela ukusingiswa kwemekobume. Isiphumo siye sanyuka isantya sokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwizingqukuva zemichilayishi kunye nokunciphiswa kwamanzi aphuma kwizityalo zemichiza yaseJamani. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezininzi, bona [[FLT: 0] i-EUPramential trans kwiphepha[FFLD [FM]

Inyathelo Lokuzithandela Lamanzi AseJapan

IJapan, ilizwe elinolwazi olunzulu ngemiqathango yamanzi, liye lavelisa umlinganiselo womgangatho wamanzi owenziwe ngokuzithandela obhalwe ngawona udweliso lwenkqubo ye-Eco 'LT'. Iziphumo ezihlangabezana nenkcazo yogcino-manzi . Kuquka imveliso ye-effiencies kunye nokunciphisa imithwalo enzima . /accan ibonakalisa i-Eco Mark. Ngelixa ukuqeqesha kuphakathi, ezinye iifem-elektroniki kunye nabenzi bee-ziselo ze-oktroli bethengile. Inkqubo ingumatshini yokuthengisa iprojelo yemiqathango engundoqo, ibonisa okungako kunye nokungalinganiyo kwemiqatha yemiqathango yokuzithandela. Funda okungakumbi kwi ndawo ye-EFLD [FF:2] esemthethweni we-I Japanieco. [FFF]

Ucelomngeni Lokusetyenziswa Kwenkqubo

Ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo somgaqo-nkqubo woshicilelo lwamanzi, imiqobo isele. Ukuxhathisa koshishino kungokunzima kakhulu: iinkampani ezininzi zisoyika ukuba amaxabiso okuthobela azakunciphisa ukhuphiswano, ingakumbi kunikezelo lwehlabathi lonke lweminxeba apho imida inciphile. Ukuthembeka kogcino-lwazi ngomnye umqobo omkhulu. Ukukrola unyawo lwemveliso kufuna iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha malunga nesigaba ngasinye semveliso, ngokufuthi kunqamleza amazwe amaninzi agcina iingxelo ezingangqinelaniyo. Amaziko amancinane (amaqumrhu) angaswela ubuchule bokuqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo, kudala umhlaba ongalinganiyo.

Ngokubhekele phaya, amanzi lulawulo lwasekuhlaleni olusebenza kummandla otyebileyo wamanzi anokuba angafanelekanga kwidama- ephumayo. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka balungise izikhuthazo nemigangatho kwimiqathango yenqanawa ehamba emanzini, eyenza ukuba iilebhile zemveliso ezikwimigangatho esezantsi. Kukwakho ubungozi benkqubo “engalawuleki”: ukuba imimiselo iba yeyokusebenza kakhulu kummandla omnye, abenzi bangafuduka kwimimandla enemithetho encinci, bebeka amanzi agciniweyo emhlabeni wonke. Izivumelwano kunye nezigwebo zorhwebo ezisebenza ngaphaya kwemida zibalulekile ukunqanda oku.

Iindleko Zezoqoqosho Nezorhwebo

Ungeniso lobugcisa bokusindisa amanzi lusoloko luthwala inkcitho yekomkhulu ephambili enokuthi inqande ukusetyenziswa kwefeme ezincinci. Ngelixesha inkxaso-mali isenokulungisa ezi ndleko, ifuna inkxaso karhulumente enokuba nzima ngokwezobupolitika. Ngaphezu koko, ukunciphisa amanzi ngamandla kungangqubana nezinye iinjongo zokusingqongileyo ngezantsi, umzekelo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiinkqubo ezomileyo kunganyusa ukusetyenziswa kombane kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Indlela yomgangatho iyafuneka ukuphepha iziphumo ezingalindelekilenga, ukalisela ukuthengiswa korhwebo phakathi kwamanzi, amandla, neenyawo.

Icala lexesha elizayo: Ugcino-lwazi olujikelezayo kunye nolwamanani abonisa indlela

Umda olandelayo kumgaqo wokushicilela amanzi kumgangatho woshishino, ujongene nokulungelelanisa imigaqo yesazinge. Kunokuba kuncitshiswe nje ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiyunithi nganye yemveliso, indlela yesetyhula yokuphelisa inkunkuma nokugcina amanzi esetyenziswa kumgangatho ophezulu onokwenzeka. Ipolitiki ebangela ukuba intlisela phambili intsalela yamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwimibutho yoshishino, njengoko ibonwa kumgangatho kalundborg Symbiosis [ eDenmark, iyakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi anemijelo. Ngokufanayo, iprojekthi yomvelisi (EPR) ifuna abavelisi bezinto ezisetyenziswa emva nakuhlaziweyo zinganciphisa umlinganiselo wamanzi wokulahlwa nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezintsha.

Ubugcisa bamanani bunika izixhobo ezintsha zokunyanzelisa inkqubo kunye nokuthengwa kwabathengi. Ukuxhobisa ngetsheyina elisekelwe kwimikhondo edityanisiweyo kunakho ukunikezela ngeengxelo ezithintelayo zophando lwe-data yogcino-lwazi, ukwenza ukuba kuthembeke ngakumbi. Iimitha zamanzi kunye nezivo zamanani ze-IoT zinika ugcino-lwazi lokwenene lokusebenzisa ulawulo kunye noluntu, ukukwazi ukwenza iprojekthi esebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso zokulondolozwa. I-World Resouls Institute’s Aqueduct Water Atlas [ sele inika umngcipheko wamanzi ophezulu wokwenza uphatho lwamanzi, kunye nezixhobo ezinjalo ezisetyenziswayo kwimveliso ezinokuguqula imveliso.

Isiphelo

Umlinganiselo wamanzi osuka kwimveliso yabathengi ufihlakele kodwa unzima kakhulu kubuncwane bamanzi asemhlabeni wonke. Ukusuka kwimimandla yomqhaphu esifaka kwimibhobho elawula ubomi bethu bamanani, amanzi ahamba kuyo yonke imveliso esiyithengayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo usuka kwimilinganiselo yempumelelo kunye nezizathu zezoqoqosho zokukhuthaza ukubonakala kwegama elicacileyo kunye nentsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe..

Ukuqhubekeka kofundo kwiindlela zohlolo lwamanzi, ibhekisele kumsebenzi woshicilelo lwenyawo olunethwekhi. Ukuntywila nzulu kubaphathi bamanzi benkampani, i-Amanzi i-Mantadate inika ugcino kunye nohlolo. [[FLT:] I-World Resouls’s Aqueduct plat inika ugcino-lwazi lwamanzi lwehlabathi oluluncedo kubenzi benkqubo kunye namashishini.