Isiseko Solawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Ulawulo-demokhrasi, ekusiseko walo, luxhomekeke ekuthathi-nxaxheba okusebenzayo nokunolwazi lwabemi balo. Impilo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yedemokhrasi ayilinganiswa kuphela ngobuninzi bonyulo okanye isakhiwo samaziko ayo, kodwa ngohlobo lokuzicingela kwabantu kunye namandla abo okuqiqa izigwebo malunga nemibandela entsonkothileyo yentlalo nezobupolitika. Iintsika ezimbini zixhasa lo mgangatho wobumi obufundileyo kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo ze-media. Xa ezi ntsika zomelele, idemocracracism; xa zibuthathaka, inkqubo yendalo iba sengozini yokuphenjelelwa kwinkohliso, ukungakhathali, kunye notyekelo lolawulo oluphezulu.

Ubungqina bembali bubonisa ukuba ulawulo-demokhrasi olunemigangatho ephezulu yokufumana imfundo lutyekele ekufumaneni izizinzo ezinkulu kwezobupolitika, umgangatho worhwaphilizo ophantsi, kunye nolawulo olunempumelelo. Umzekelo, uphando lothelekiso lweqela lobuntlola lwedemokhrasi lwecandelo ledemokhrasi lusoloko ludibanisa amanqanaba emfundo anokukwazi ukumelana nedemokhrasi. Olu nxibelelwano alukho ngengozi — olu nxibelelwano lunika izixhobo zobulumko ezifunekayo kubemi ukuvavanya iimbano zokukhuphisana, ukuqonda inkqubo yorhwebo, nokuxhathisa intlukwano elula kwimi leyo yemivo okanye ikhethelo.

Abemi Abafundileyo Njengeenkqubo Ezilawula Idemokhrasi

Unyulo olunolwazi aluzenzekeli. Lufuna utyalo-mali oluzenzekelayo kwinkqubo yemfundo olubeka phambili iingcamango ezigxekayo, ulwazi loluntu, kunye nokuqiqa ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Xa abemi benale misebenzi yokukhuphisana, baxhotyiswe bhetele ukuze baphumeze iimbopheleleko zabo zedemokhrasi.

Ulwazi Olukuko Nokuba Nenxaxheba Kwezobupolitika

Uphando olusuka kwi- Isikolo soNqumo saseMelika lubonisa ukuba abavoti abanomgangatho ophezulu wolwazi lwezobupolitika basengozini yokuvota ngokungaguqukiyo, ukuqhagamshelana namagosa anyuliweyo, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuthabatha inxaxheba kudala imvume: abameli ababophelelekileyo bafuna ulawulo olungcono, kwaye amaziko asabelayo akhuthaza ukuthembana kwezemfundo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba. Ulwalamano phakathi konyulo lwasekuhlaleni, apho abavoti abanolwazi oluthe ngqo banokuphembelela iinkqubo zebhodi yesikolo, izigqibo zoko, izigqibo zokhuseleko, kunye nezinto eziphambili zikawonke wonke.

Ukucinga Okubalulekileyo Nokuxhathisa Ukuzikhohlisa

Enye yezona ziphumo zibalulekileyo zemfundo entle kukukwazi ukwahlula ulwazi oluthembekileyo kwimposiso. Kwixesha lamaphulo antsonkothileyo okuchaza ulwazi, obu buchule buye bafuneka ukuze kuhlale kukho idemokhrasi. Iinkqubo zemfundo ezifundisa ukuxilonga imvelaphi, ukuqiqa okunengqiqo, kunye nokubhala ngezibalo zivelisa abemi abangakwaziyo ukuxhatshazwa ziintshaba zasemzini okanye abadlali basekhaya abafuna ukuthoba imigangatho yedemokhrasi. Amazwe afana neFinland, [FLT: 0] afana nemfundo yezetegis ngaphaya koluhlu lwawo., abonisa indlela imigaqo yemfundo esebenzayo enokuthi ikwazi ngayo ukukhusela ukulwa nedemokhrasi ngokudia.

Umanyano Nonyamezelo

Imfundo ikwakhuthaza ukuthembana kwebutho labantu okufunekayo ukuze ulawulo-bume lusebenze. Xa abemi bedibana neembono ezahlukeneyo kwimfundo, bavelisa uvelwano kunye nokunyamezela umahluko. Eli komkhulu lentlalo livumela ukulalanisa nokusebenzisana ngapha nangapha kwezobupolitika, ubuzwe, kunye nonqulo. Ufundo oluvela kwiZiko lophando lwezemfundo ephezulu lubonisa ukuba abantu abanemigangatho ephezulu banokuxhasa imigangatho yedemokhrasi efana nenkululeko yokuthetha, amalungelo amancinane, kunye nokufuduselwa koxolo kwamandla.

Amajelo Okusasaza NjengeSiza

Isigewu soshicilelo njenge "sifasi sesine" sithatha indima ebalulekileyo yesixhobo sokugcina ulwazi esiyenzayo ekuphenduleni ngedemokhrasi. Ngaphandle kokuxela nje iziganeko, umatshini wokushicilela ongahlawulwayo usebenza njengokhangelo kumandla, iqonga lengxoxo kawonke-wonke, kunye nejelo lamazwi ahlukeneyo.

I-Journalism ejongwayo kunye nokuphendula

I-Applicationism ihlala isisixhobo esinamandla sokubhenca urhwaphilizo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla, kunye nokungekho sikweni. Ihlazo leWatergate, iPentagon Papers, kunye nezityhilo zakutshanje ezingeenkqubo zokhangelo zibonisa indlela ingxelo ezixinzeleleneyo ezinokunyanzelisa ngayo ukubonakala kwimibutho ethanda ukurhoxisa. Xa imibutho yamajelo eendaba ithelekelela ekuphandeni okude, idala isiphumo sokuthintela: amagosa kawonke aziyo ukuba izenzo zawo zisenokuba azinakuhlolisingenzeli ukuba zibandakanye kwihambo engafanelekanga. i-Intercoxeum of Investigativegetive Mitts (ICY) ibonise indlela intluphelo yokwano-mda womda wolawulo lwehlabathi lonke

Intetho yesidlangalala ye-Agenda

Amaziko eendaba awabonisi ngqiqweni into yokwenene; abumba izinto ezifuna uluntu. Ngokugqiba oko kumele kugqunywe kwaye kugqunywe ngako, intatheli ziphembelela oko abemi bacinga ngako nendlela abakuqonda ngayo iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo. La mandla acwangcisayo athwala imbopheleleko enkulu. Xa ijelo-ndaba libeka ingqwalaselo eninzi kwizinto ezingundoqo, linokugqwetha izinto eziphambili kuluntu lize libangele uloyiko lokuziphatha okungathethekiyo kwimibangeno encinane ngelixa betyeshela izisongelo. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuthelekisa amajelo eendaba kungenza imibandela engathi bubuhlwempuzeko, ukubola, okanye ukutshintsha kwemozulu, kunyanze abaququzeli bemisho.

Iiplatform zamazwi adityanisiweyo

Imithombo-ndaba yesithethe iye yazikhupha okanye yaziindawo eziqhelekileyo zoluntu ezincinane, kodwa imigangatho yamanani iye yavelisa amathuba amatsha amaqela angaphantsi kwendlela yokuxelela amabali awo. I-podastcast, unomathotholo woluntu, ii-Weblog ezizimeleyo, kunye namaphulo olwazi-ndaba oluntu avumela abaxhasi, abantu bomthonyama, kunye nabantu abambalwa abathetha iilwimi ezithile ukuba bafikelele abaphulaphuli abangenamasango. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi kukwabangela imingeni: izixhobo ezifanayo ezinika amazwi aphantsi komthetho zingakhuthaza ukuthiya kwanentiya nokuyila intetho kunye neengcamango zozungu. Isitshixo kuphuhlisolwazi lwezibonelelo-medipoluni ezilungele ukufikelela imicimbi elungele ukuvakalisa imicimbi kunye noxanduva.

Ucelomngeni Lokwakha Kumaziko Amelo Nemfundo Emelo

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka kwazo, amaziko emfundo nemibutho yamajelo eendaba zijamelene nezisongelo eziphazamisa imisebenzi yawo yedemokhrasi.

Ingxaki Yokungawazi Inkcazelo

Ulwazi lobuxoki lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza nakude kunenyaniso kumaqonga onxibelelwano, ngokutsho kophando olupapashwa kwi- Science nguVosoughi, Roy, kunye ne-Aral. Oku kubangela imeko-bume apho ubuxoki bunokusasazeka kakhulu phambi kokuba izilungiso zenkqubo zobucukubhede zifumaneke. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho-algorithric ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kweminye imimandla echaphazelekayo echaneyo edisiweyo edityaniswe lukhetho, impilo kawonke-wonke, kunye nolawulo loburhulumente. U. U.

Ukungalingani Kwemfundo Njengesongelo Sedemocratic

Xa amathuba emfundo esabelwa ngokungalinganiyo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kuyaphoxeka kwilungelo eliphezulu. Izikolo ezifumileyo zivelisa abemi abakulungele kakuhle ukwenza iingxoxo ezintsonkothileyo zemigaqo-nkqubo, ngoxa izikolo eziphantsi kwemfundo zishiya abaninzi bengenabuchule obufunekayo bezentlalo-ntle. Oku kudala umjikelo onzima: iinkqubo ezinceda izityebi zifumane ulwaneliseko oluphezulu lwedemokhrasi, ngelixesha iimfuno zengili. PISA uqikelelo [[ olusuka kwi-OECD zibonisa rhoqo ukuba amazwe anemfundo engakumbi efundisayo indalo ephezulu kwakhona athambe ukuba aneliseke kakhulu ngokolawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Impembelelo Eqinileyo Yemithombo Yezixhobo Yorhwebo

Ukubekwa komnikazi kushishino lwezibhengezo zezixhobo zekhompyutha kunciphisa imbono eyahlukeneyo kwaye kubeka ingeniso ephambili kuncedo lukawonke-wonke. Xa inani elincinane lemibutho lilawula ezona zixhobo ziphambili zokukhupha iindaba, ingawacinezela amabali asongela izilangazelelo zayo kwaye akhuthaze ukunikezelwa kwenkcazelo exhasa ucwangciso lwawo lwezopolitiko. Ukupheliswa kwamaphephandaba asekuhlaleni — adla ngokubizwa ngokuba "zintlango ezintsha" — kuye kwashiya imimandla emininzi ingasasaziswanga nayiphi na ingxelo yentlanganiso zamabhunga esixeko, izigqibo zebhodi, okanye izigqibo zenkundla zasekuhlaleni. Ngamanye amaxesha lo msantsalelano ugcwaliso okanye ukungabikho koxandumiso lwetyala.

Iigumbi Zokudlala Intloko Nokuchaphazeleka

Iinkqubo zohlomelo lwemithetho-mthetho zidla ngokuqinisa iinkolelo ezikhoyo, zidala amagumbi apho abemi be-emothebeni benqabile ukudibana neembono eziphikisanayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le nkqubo yokutyhila iyanda ukuchaphazeleka — utyekelo lokungabathandi okanye lokungabathembi abo bavela kwelinye iqela lezobupolitika. Xa abemi bejonga abachasi babo bezobupolitika njengezisongelo kunabanye abantu abanezithakazelelo ezahlukeneyo, ukulalanisa kwedemokhrasi kuba yinto engenakwenzeka. [[FLT: 0] Iziko lophando lwe-Proputel luye lwaphawula ulwando oluphawulekayo ekuchaphathweni kwe-democraticism kunyaka emibini edluleyo.

Ukufunda Ngezentlalo - mlonyeni Njengokwenza Idemokhrasi

Ukulungisa ezi ngxaki kufuna utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kwimfundo yolwazi yezakhono zobugcisa nakuzo zonke imigangatho. Ukufunda imithombo yezobugcisa akuthethi nje ngokufundisa abantu ukuba bahlole imbali; kubandakanya ukuyiqonda kakuhle indlela ezisebenza ngayo izixhobo ze-media nendlela umntu anokuqhuba ngayo izinto kakuhle.

Ikhoriti ye Qumrhu lokuFunda

Iinkqubo zolwazi olunempumelelo lokufunda nokubhala eziluncedo zifundisa ubuchule obuninzi obudityanisiweyo: ukuchaza umthombo nenjongo yolwazi, ukuvuma ubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokusebenzisa ubuchule bokusebenzisa iziyobisi (ukukhuthaza ukubethana kwendlela, ukuthatha ingeniso yobuxoki, ukuqokelela ugcino-lwazi), ukuqonda imveliso yezoqoqosho yemveliso yamajelo eendaba, nokukwazi ukuqinisekisa oko kuthethwa kusetyenziswa kwemithombo esisiseko. Ezi zikhuphiswano kufuneka zifundiswe kungengongombandela osisigxina kodwa zidityaniswe ngaphaya kohlelo lwezifundo — kwizifundo zembali xa zihlalutya iinkcazelo zosasazo, kwiiklasi zenzululwazi xa kuvavanywa iingxelo zophando, nakwiiklasi zeencwadi zezentengiso zezobupolitika xa zifunda ngezopolitiki.

Uyilo lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuzalisekisa

Amazwe amaninzi aye alungiselela iinkqubo zolwazi olubanzi zolwazi-lwazi lwezixhobo zobugcisa. E Estonia idibanisa ukufunda nokubhala kwizifundo zemivo kwilizwe layo emva kokuhlaselwa yikhompyutha, ifuna abafundi ukuba bavavanye imithombo ye-intanethi ngokuchanekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni. I-MediaSSmarts inkqubo inika abafundi ubuncwane obufanelekileyo bokufundisa ubumi bamanani. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzayo zidibanisa imfundo yeklasi kunye nemithambo yemfundo esebenzisekayo efana nokwenza amajelo-media, ukuhlaluza ezona neenkcukacha zezindaba, nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo ye-mediadias. Ezi zinceda abafundi ukuba bafunde imigaqo yokufundisa yangaphakathi kwezosasazo zezixhobo zekhompyutha kunokuba bacengcengcengce nje imithetho.

Ukwenza umahluko wamanani

Amanyathelo okufunda aphakathi kufuneka achaze ukufumaneka okungalinganiyo kobugcisa kunye nobuchule bamanani. Abantu abadala, abantu abafumana imali encinci, kunye nabantu basemaphandle badla ngokungabi nazo izixhobo, i-intanethi, okanye ubuchule obufunekayo ukuze bangene kwiinkqubo zolwazi lweziteyibhile. Iinkqubo eziluncedo ziquka iiverhethi ezisekelwe kuluntu, iinkqubo zethala leencwadi likawonke-wonke, kunye neemodeli zokufundisa apho abantu abaselula bafundisa khona izizalwana zabo ezikhulileyo. Iinkqubo zokusasaza uwonke njenge-BBC ne-PBS ziye zavelisa iindlela zokugcina ulwazi ezikhululekileyo ezilungiselelwe abantu abahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuququzelela I-Cubic

Ulawulo-melo lufuna ukuba umntu aqhubeke enenxaxheba, kungekhona ukuvota nje ngamathuba athile.

Ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni nokwenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Enye yezona zinto zithembisayo ekuthembiseni uqingqo-mali lwedemokhrasi, apho abemi bakhetha ngqo indlela yokusebenzisa inxalenye yemali karhulumente. Ukuqalisa kwePorto Alegre, eBrazil, oku kusasazeke kwizixeko ezininzi ehlabathini lonke. Oku kubandakanya uqingqo-mali lunyuse ulwazi lwezentlalo, lwakhele ukuthemba urhulumente, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemali yoluntu kubonisa ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda ngeemali zikamasipala, ukuncokola nabamelwane abaneenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye babone iziphumo ezicacileyo zezigqibo zabo — nto leyo eyakha ubuchule nezenzo zolawulo-demokhrasi.

Imibutho Yoluntu Njengezikolo Zolawulo - melo

Unxulumano lokuzithandela — kusukela kubazali nabafundisi-mfundo ukuya kumaqela oonontlalo-ntle oonontlalo-ntle abasebenza kwimibutho yonqulo olunobudlelane — lusebenza njengezibonelelo zokuqeqesha inxaxheba yedemokhrasi. Kwezi mibutho, amalungu aqiqayo, afunda ukusingatha ukungavisisani, aphucule ubuchule bolawulo. Isazinzulu sezobupolitika uRobert Putnam sathi ngokudumileyo ezi "zikolo zedemokhrasi" zivelisa ikomkhulu lentlalo elenza kube lula ukulawulwa ngedemokhrasi. Oontali neziseko kufuneka zixhase ibutho labantu kungekuphela ngenxa yeenkonzo abazenzayo kodwa ngenxa yendima yabo ekukhuliseni abemi bedemokhrasi.

Ukuzinikela Kolutsha Nemfundo Yomthetho

Abantu abaselula badla ngokujamelana nemiqobo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwezobupolitika, kuquka imiqathango yobudala, ukunqongophala kwenkcazelo ephathelele ukuba bangabandakanyeka njani, nokungaqiniseki enoba amazwi abo abalulekile kusini na. Izikolo zingayilungisa le miqobo ngokubandakanya imisebenzi yokufunda inkonzo, unyulo, kunye norhulumente wabafundi kwizifundo zobugcisa. Imibutho yoLuntu ingenza amaqumrhu akhuthaza ulutsha, iinkqubo zobucebisi namagosa anyuliweyo, namathuba okuba abantu abaselula banikele ubungqina kwiindlebe zikawonke-wonke. Xa abantu abaselula bebona ukuba nenxaxheba eluncedo kubantwana kwasekuqaleni, basenokuhlala bebandakanyekile kubomi babo bonke.

Imigaqo-nkqubo encomela ukuqinisa izithethe zedemokhrasi

Ukuguqulela ezi ngqiqo kwintshukumo kufuna inkqubo elungelelanisiweyo kummandla omninzi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo Wemfundo

Oorhulumente kufuneka bagunyazise imfundo yezemfundo yoluntu njengemfuneko yokuphumelela, nezifundo zasemva kwesikolo ezigxininisa iziganeko zangoku, ukufundwa kwezixhobo zekhompyutha, kunye nobuchule bokuncedisa. Iinkqubo zokubonelela kufuneka zenzelwe ukunciphisa umahluko phakathi kwemimandla yezikolo ezizizityebi namahlwempu. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho lomfundisi- ntsapho kufuneka ziquke iimodyuli zokufundisa kwimibandela edidanayo, ukukhuthaza ingxoxo yamagumbi okufundela ahloniphekileyo, kunye nokudibanisa ukufunda amajelo eendaba kwimibandela. Uluvo lwesizwe olufana nolu- lwamazwe amaqela emfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo (NAEP)[FLT] lufanele luquke imiphando eyomeleleyo yolwazi nobuchule boluntu.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wamajelo eendaba

Ukuxhasa ubujoni obuzimeleyo, oorhulumente kufuneka baqwalasele izikhuthazo zerhafu ukwenzela iminikelo kwiintlangano ze-applications ezingaziboneleliyo, ukubonelela ngemali kawonke-wonke ukwenzela ukukhutshelwa kweengxelo zoluntu ezisemgangathweni kwiBBC okanye kwi-PBS, kunye nokuthintelwa komthetho wokuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kolwazi othe ngqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukudityaniswa kolwazi oluthe kratyaniswayo. Ii-Platformes kufuneka zichazwe ukuchaza okuqulethwe yi-Ala-gentialgorictic mes, zinike abaphandi ukufikelela kulwazi lokufunda ukungahambisani ulwazi. Iimfuno zokusasaza kwezopolitiko kunye nokuxhasa okuxhaswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-politistiki zinganceda abemi baqonde ukuchaza imigudu yokusebenzisa i-active.

Inyathelo Lokuqalisa Ukuba Ngabemi Ngamanani

Unxulumano loluntu ngokubanzi kufuneka luxhase amaphulo okufunda nokubhala afikelela kubantu abadala kwiindawo zemisebenzi, kumaziko oluntu, nakumaqonga onxibelelwano. Amathala eencwadi kufuneka axhaswe njengezikhundla zoqeqesho lobuchule bemichiza. Imibutho egcina iziphumo kufuneka ifumane imizekelo exhasayo kwaye ikhuseleke ekuxhatshazweni. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ibalulekile ukuphendula iinkqubo zokukhulula iinqobo kunye nokuphazamisana nokhetho lwamazwe angaphandle

Indlela Engaphambili

Ulawulo-demokhrasi asingomatshini osebenza ngokuzenzekelayo owakha wayilwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngumsebenzi omele ufundwe, ugcinwe, uhlaziywe, uhlaziywe. Ucelomngeni olujongene nedemokhrasi yanamhlanje — ukurhoxiswa kolawulo-mgangatho, ukungalingani, ukungathembani, nokungathembani kweziqu zoluntu — lunzulu kodwa lufuna utyalo oluqhubekayo kwiziseko ezibini ezisoloko zixhasa ulawulo-demokhrasi: abemi abafundele ukukwazi ukugweba nemigangatho yamajelo efuna ukuphendula inyaniso nokuphendula.

Inkqubela ayiyi kuvela nakuluphi na ungenelelo kodwa iya kusuka kwindlela ebanzi ethetha ngotshintsho lwemfundo, ukuxhaswa kogcino-lwazi, ukuphendulelwa kwiqonga, kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu ngexesha elinye. Ootitshala kufuneka bafundise ukugxeka, hayi nje ulwazi olwanelisayo. Abacholacholi-ndaba kufuneka bathembeke ngesantya, hayi ngesantya nje. Abayili-mashishini kufuneka bamisele impilo yedemokhrasi kwii-compul kunyuselo. Ingiselwane kufuneka bamkele imbopheleleko yokuhlala benolwazi kwaye benenxaxheba, kwanaxa kunzima okanye kunzima.

Ikamva ledemokhrasi lixhomekeke ekubeni singayakha kwakhona kusini na indalo yokuzicingela ngolwazi lukawonke-wonke ukuba ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lufuna ukuba. Lo asingomsebenzi oweengcali kuphela; ngumsebenzi odibeneyo ofuna umgudu wommi ngamnye. Ngokufaka imali kwimfundo, ngokuxhasa amajelo-ndaba azimeleyo, nangokukhuthaza isithethe sokuba ngummi okhutheleyo, singakha ulawulo-melo olungazinziyo kuphela kodwa olusabela ngokunyanisekileyo kwiimfuno neenjongo zabantu bonke. Lo msebenzi ungxamisekile, iingxaki ziyinto yokwenene, kwaye izigxobo azinakuphakama.