Ukwakhiwa kolawulo-demokhrasi lwale mihla kusekelwe kwisiseko: imithetho eqanjwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho mayiphumezwe ngokuthembekileyo ngurhulumente wolawulo. Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango ebanzi yemithetho echazayo, ngokufuthi entsonkothekileyo yehlabathi ngokungenakuphepheka kwenza abameli bafumane ingqiqo ecacileyo. Lo msantsa phakathi kwenjongo yemithetho kunye nesenzo solawulo lolawulo loluntu ulapho umsebenzi wolawulo ungabi luncedo nje kuphela, kodwa ubalulekile. Isebenza njengenkqubo ephambili ekwandiswa ngayo abameli abanyuliweyo ukuba umatshini omkhulu karhulumente uhlale usabela ngokusemthethweni, usemthethweni, kwaye usebenza ngokusebenza. Ngaphandle kolawulo olungqongqo, umgaqo wokuphendula ityala uba ngumqobo, kwaye ulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wokwenza uqinisekise ukuba imithetho edluliswa ngabameli babo iphumele.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko segunya lokulawula

Amandla okuvelela asisoloko sisipho esicacileyo kumaxwebhu asungulwayo esizwe; kunoko, sisixhobo esicacisiweyo, esithathwe kumsebenzi wendlu yowiso-mthetho nolawulo lwaso kwingxowa kawonke-wonke. EUnited States, iNkundla ePhakamileyo isoloko iqinisekisa ukuba amandla okubuza ngo---(ngenkqubo yokunyanzelisa oku [“ukunyanzelisa okuyimfuneko nokufanelekileyo ukusebenza komthetho-. Eli gunya linguvavanyo olubalulekileyo kutyekelo lwegunya legunya elisisiseko lokulawula nokusebenza ngaphaya kolawulo oluthe ngqo lomphathi-volontiyeni. Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kwiinkqubo zepalamente, apho umphathi-mthetho ekhutshelwa ukuba aphendule ngamaxesha emibuzo, ukuhlolwa kwekomiti, ukuhlolwa, kunye nokuvota. Oku kubonelela ukunyanzelwa kolwazi, nokusetyenziswa komthetho-mthetho-siseko solawulo, nokugunyazwa kwemithetho-mthetho-mthetho-siseko

Iingqinipho, Ukulungelelana Nokwahlukana Kwamandla

Ukulawula yi-injini eluncedo yokwahlula amagunya. Isebe ngalinye lorhulumente linezixhobo ezahlukileyo zokuhlola ezinye. Kwindlu yowiso-mthetho, ukuvelela sisixhobo esiphambili sokuhlola umlawuli. Iqinisekisa ukuba amasebe awawenzi umsebenzi ogqithi igunya lawo lomthetho, abandakanyeke ekuzilawuleni, okanye asebenzise kakubi amalungelo abemi. Olu xinezeleko lungeyongxaki esebenzayo aluyonkqubo yokuyila; luyimpazamo enenjongo yokukhusela ukuxinzelela phambili kwamandla. Xa elinye isebe lisebenza, inkqubo yee-e-echeckss nolungelelo, ukuvula umnyango wokulawula. Ulawulo olunempumelelo lufuna i-console eyiqonda indima yalo mgqele-mgqele yaye inesigqeba elino liza kusebenzisa igunya lalo ngamandla, kwana xa iqela elifanayo lezobupolitika lilawula omabini amasebe eeprogranti.

Inqanawa ehamba phambili ehamba phambili ehamba phambili ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu.

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika uMatew McCubbins noThomas Schwartz bahluke kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zobuveleli. Umkhosi wobupolisa ubandakanya uphatho oluqhubekayo, ujongo oluphakathi, olufana nesixhobo sokubetha esihamba rhoqo. Iqela lekomiti lihlola iingxelo, iqhuba iintetho, kwaye libambe iingcinga zesiqhelo zokufumana iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwangoko. I-FLT] Fire uphatho lobuliso oluqhelekileyo, oluphakathi, olufana nesixhobo sokubetha inqwelo-moya, luthi thath-aa. I-ggrafersssssss icwangcise iinkqubo ezivumela abemi, amaqela, inzala, kunye nabaqhubi besandi xa kuthe kuhlolwa i-applice. Zombini ii-falknfties. Zookgrop zibangela ukuba ii-omatis ezikhoyo zifumane i-omatis eziluncedo zifumane ii-od propatitive, ezithe transtiestiesting,

Izixhobo Zokuphendula: Indlela Amadoda Anegunya Ngayo Lokulawula

Ukusebenza kolawulo lowiso-mthetho kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo ezikhoyo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho. Ezi zixhobo zisuka kwinkqubo echuliweyo neqhelekileyo ukuya kutsho kwinkcaso ephawulekayo neyongquzulwano. Ubuchule bezi zixhobo buko kwahlula indlu yowiso-mthetho engenzi nto, esebenzayo kwethenjiweyo, enamandla egcina urhulumente wolawulo kumgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza.

Amandla Okuthenga

Mhlawumbi esona sixhobo sinamandla esikhoyo nasiphi na indlu yowiso-mthetho ngamandla okufumana imali efanelekileyo. Ukulawula uqingqo-mali kuvumela abamisi-mthetho ukuba balungise izinto eziphambili zolungiselelo, banikezele ukusebenza okunempumelelo, kunye nokubohlwaya ukungaphumeleli. Imithetho ingadibanisa okanye isuse inkxaso-mali yabakhweli kwiinkqubo ezithile, ukudibanisa abaphathi bemithetho yokulinganisela iindleko, okanye ukuseka imigangatho kunye nezilingi. Indlu yowiso-mthetho ephumeza umsebenzi wayo woqingqo-mali ngokucokisekileyo iqhuba imigaqo-mgca ngenqanaba lezicelo zoshishino, ibamba ukuva ngokusetyenziswa nokufuna ukuthethelelwa kwemali efunekayo kwimali efunekayoyo nganye yee-dola. Isisongelo soqingqo-mali solwano lwemali ukwenzela ukuphumelela kwenkqubela kwisebe lokulungisa ukuziphatha. Eli gunya, nokokuba kufuneka ubuchule obuninzi kunye nezixhobo zomsebenzi bezixhobo.

Iinqanawa ezincinane ezingaphantsi kwenqanawa kunye nenkqubo yokunyanzelisa

Ubuchule bokunyanzela ubungqina kunye nokuveliswa kwamaphepha kulelona mbombo lophando olunzulu. Eli gunya lincinci livumela izindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba ziphumele ekungabonisini buchule bemisebenzi yesebe eliphetheyo. Xa umbutho uxhathisa ulawulo, i-suppeena sisixhobo esisebenzisana nemikhosi. Ngumyalelo osemthethweni othwala ubunzima besizwe, kwaye ukungathobeli kunokuthi kukhokelele ekuhlambeni. Eli gunya alimelengabekwangamdanga; kufuneka lilungelelaniswe nxamnye nelungelo lesikhundla esiphezulu, imicimbi yokhuseleko lwesizwe, namalungelo omntu ngamnye. Iimfazwe ezingomthetho ezithi maxa zivelelwe amaxwebhu asendlwini angaphantsi eepoena, njengalawo abandakanya amaxwebhu eencwadi amhlophe okanye amagosa aphezulu, ngokufuthi lisebenza ukuchaza imidathatho yemithetho ekwane.

Uqinisekiso neSiluleko kunye nokuVumelana

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, indlu yowiso-mthetho idlala indima engqalileyo ekusebenzeni kwisebe elilawulayo. Ukubekwa kwesebe eliphezulu kuvumela abameli bolawulo oluphezulu ukuba bahlole imigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elizayo, bahlolisise ihambo edlulileyo, baze bakhusele izibophelelo ezivela kwiinkokeli zomakhashela-mali ngaphambi kokuba bathathe iofisi. Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa yinkqubo enzima yokuvavanya. Inkqubo engqongqo ingavala ukungafaneleka okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-minenenethena okugqithisileyo, ngelixesha elingenamsebenzi othe kratya ukuba uvumele umphathi oqeqesha namaqumrhu anyanisekileyo angenakuzibophelele ekunyanzeleni umthetho. Le nkqubo ikwasebenza umsebenzi wolwazi, njengoko ii-mineineinee kufuneka ziphendule imibuzo enzulu ngeembono zawo kwimisebenzi yombutho, iimfuno zolawulo, iimfanelo zomthetho, kunye nezinto eziphambili.

Amalungiselelo okutshona kwelanga nengxelo

Ukucela isibonelelo sokuthethelela ubukho baso ngamaxesha athile, okanye ukuchaza imilinganiselo ethile ekhethekileyo kucwangciso oluqhelekileyo, kudala isingqi sendlela yokuphendula. ngokuzenzekelayo kuphelise imigaqo-nkqubo okanye inkqubo emiselweyo yokuyiphelisa emva kwenani leminyaka ngaphandle kokuba indlu yowiso-mthetho ivume ukuyigunyazisa kwakhona. Oku kunyanzelisa ukuhlolo lwexesha ngalinye lokusebenza kombutho kwaye kuqhubekekene nemfuneko. izicwangciso zokuxela iimfuno [ ezixhobisa abameli ukuba bave idata esezantsi kwimisebenzi yabo, iziphumo, kunye neziphumo. Oku kwenza ukuba abaquququzeli be-gratya, baphawule, kunye ne-bhedi ezichasene nezinye iindlela.

ISebe loLawulo: iiKomiti namakomiti

Umthamo ophezulu kunye nobuchule obuntsonkothileyo borhulumente wangoku kwenza kube nzima ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho epheleleyo iqhube iingcebiso ezineenkcukacha zombutho ngamnye. Lo msebenzi unikwe inkqubo yeekomiti kunye neekomiti ezincinci ezisebenza kwimiqathango ethile. Ezi komiti ziindawo zokusebenzela apho ulawulo luye lwaphunyezwe khona. Zibamba iindlebe, zihlola uqingqo-mali, zihlole izikhalazo. Izihlalo zazo zisebenzisa amandla abalulekileyo phezu kocwangciso kwaye zinokukhetha ukuqwalasela ingqalelo kumaqumrhu athile okanye kwimibandela ethile, ngokunempumelelo ekubekeni izinto eziphambili kulo lonke iqumrhu le-Giviko.

Ukuma, Ukukhetha, kunye neeKomiti ezidityanisiweyo

Iikomiti ezikhoyo ziziqumrhu ezisisigxina ezinezikhundla ezisisigxina ezilawula imimandla ethile, njengezemali, ezolimo okanye ezokhuselo. Zingamahashe asebenzayo okuvelela, ziqhuba uhlolo lwesiqhelo lwamaqumrhu akwindawo yawo. Ukukhetha okanye iikomiti ezikhethekileyo zisoloko zenzelwe uphando okwexeshana ngemibandela ethile yenkxalabo kawonke wonke, njengemposiso yesizwe okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentlekele. Iikomiti ezidityanisiweyo ziquka amalungu akwiziko lonke i-bankam, kwaye zisoloko zisetyenziswa ukuvelela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, njengezoqoqosho okanye ithala leencwadi le komiti. Inkqubo elungelelanisiweyo yezomthetho inokukhokelela kwimibangophelelo, ngoxa inkqubo ekhoyo inokuphosa amandla kodwa ingaphoswa yimibandela ephakathi kwemingxube-angxube.

Ukuviwa Njengendawo Yokuphendula

Iindlebe zeprofile ephezulu zisebenza iinjongo ezimbini: ziqokelela ulwazi, kwaye zinxibelelana nolindelo lukawonke-wonke. Umboniso wonobhala wekhabhathi okanye intloko yombutho ebuzwa phantsi kwezikhanyiso eziqaqambileyo kunye neekhamera zikamabonwakude zidala intshukumisa enamandla yokulungiselela nokusebenza koorhulumente. Iindlebe zivumela abashicileli-mthetho ukuba bahlolisise iindawo ezixhalabisayo, babalase, banike imigaqo yamasebe. Kwakhona banikela ingxelo kawonke-wonke wonke enokwazisa umthetho wexesha elizayo. Noko ke, iindlebe ziyakwazi ukukhulula kwakhona kwiholo yemidlalo yezobupolitika, apho iindlebe ezininzi zithatha indawo yophando olunyanisekileyo.

Imfuneko Esebenzayo Yolawulo

Ngaphandle kwezizathu zomgaqo-siseko nezomthetho, ukuvelela kufeza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo efunekayo kwimpilo yeli zwe lilawulayo. Asiyonto yobunewunewu okanye ukucinga emva koko; nguxanduva olungundoqo lolawulo oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi babemi.

Ikhusela 'intsingiselo yeBureaucatic'

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amasebe anokuphuhlisa amasiko asekuhlaleni kunye nezinto eziphambili ezisuka kwinjongo yokuqala yemimiselo abayinikelayo. Le nto, esoloko ibizwa ngokuba yintshukumo yolawulo, iyenzeka xa amagosa esebe echaza ulwimi lweziqu zendalo ezingacacanga ngeendlela ezihambisana nezikhethelo zawo okanye izinto ezikhethwayo zamaqela enza inzala asebenzisanayo nenkoliso enkulu. Oku kubalulekile ngakumbi kwiindawo apho umthetho ugunyazisa igunya elibalulekileyo lokulungisa, ukuqhuba imigaqo kunye nenjongo yokuhlanganisa. Ngokubiza ekuhleni iingxubeno nokusongela kwezenzo zomthetho wolawulo, iikomiti zolawulo zinokutsala abameli abaqhutyelwayo babuyele kwii-statoogration zabo.

Ukuqinisekisa Unyanzelo Olufanelekileyo Nolungaguquguqukiyo

Ngaphandle kohlolo lwemithetho, umahluko ekunyanzelweni komthetho kwimimandla okanye kubemi bangangenandawo. Umthetho unganyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo kwelinye ilizwe uze utyeshelwe kwelinye, okanye ungasetyenziswa ngoburhalarhume nxamnye noluntu olunye ngelinye ixesha unikezele elinye. Ukuva okugqithisileyo kungatyhila iipakethi zocalulo, ukuthamba okulula, okanye ukungafezeki okulula. Umzekelo, ukungamela kwe-International Revolution Service okutyhiliweyo kwamaqela athile ezobupolitika, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuguquleni. Ukungalawuleki kwezenziwa kwezenteleko zemekobume zemeko-bume zendalo kubhenceke kwizenzo zomthetho ohlukeneyo phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwezi mpatho, ukusetyenziswa komthetho okulula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isithembiso sokusetyenziswa komthetho olinganayo phantsi komthetho sinegalelo kakhulu kunempumelelo.

Ukukhusela Abavuthuzi Nabangaphakathi

Ngokufuthi, eyona nkcazelo ibalulekileyo ngokusilela kweziko ivela ngaphakathi kwesebe. Xa ababhexeshi bebhenca inkunkuma, ubuqhetseba, ukuxhaphaza, okanye ulawulo olungekho mthethweni benza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kawonke-wonke. Indlu yowiso-mthetho ezinikele ekunyamekeleni imele ibe neendlela ezisebenzayo zokwamkela nokukhusela ukuvumisa impempe. Iikomiti ezingaphezulu zinika izibuko elikhuselekileyo kubaqhubi abangaphakathi ukuba baphumele phambili. Xa amaqumrhu aphindezela impepho, ukuva kwemithetho-wiso kungabhenca impindezelo kunye nengcinezelo yesibonelelo sokubuyisela okanye ukubuyisela isikhala. Isithethe esinamandla sokuvuthela impempe esandi singumbane sinamandla okunyusa ulawulo, njengokuba ikhuthaza ngaphakathi ukuba abasebenzi besandi somlilo basebenze njengesandi somlilo, belumkisa abasebenzi bemithetho yokusebenza kwiingxaki ezinokuhlala zifihliwe.

Imiqobo Ebangela Ukuba Ulawulo Luphumelele

Nangona ibalulekile, ulawulo lwezomthetho lujongene nemiqobo emikhulu enokuyidodobalisa. Ukuqonda le mingeni kusinyathelo lokuqala ekuyoyiseni.

Ukwenziwa kwelanga kunye nokutshixwa kwe-Grid

Xa uphatho lusetyenziswa ukutsala iingongoma zezobupolitika kunokuba luphucule ulawulo, ubuchule balo buyehla kakhulu. Unyuko lwecandelo eliphambili lukhokelele ekuphandeni okusoloko kuphenjelelwa njengokuzingela irhamncwa ngemiba kunye namahlakani awo. Oku kubangela ukuba ulawulo loluntu lungaphelelwa yimpumelelo kwinkqubo yolawulo ngokwalo. Endaweni yokufumana uqeqesho lwento ekhoyo yezobupolitika, ukujonga nje enye ibala lomkhosi weqela. I-Gridlock ingakhusela indlu yowiso-mthetho ekuthatheni isenzo sokulungisa kwana neengxaki ezinkulu ezikhoyo. Urhulumente owahlukeneyo unokunyusa ukungamela, kodwa urhulumente omanyeneyo unokukhokelela kwinkqubo yokuvelela umsebenzi wobuphathi, njengoko iqela elithanda ukuphoxeka umphathi wawo.

Ingxaki Yokwazi

Amaqumrhu alawulayo anemithombo emikhulu yobuchule kunye nogcino-lwazi olusebenzayo. Aqesha izazinzulu, iinjineli, amagqwetha, kunye neengcaphephe zemigaqo ezichitha yonke imisebenzi yawo kwimbambano enye. Imithetho, ingakumbi abo banemibutho elinganiselweyo kunye nezinto, basoloko bezama ukuvavanya iintengiso okanye uhlalutyo oluzimeleyo. Iinkqubo zingasebenzisa ezi zibonelelo ngokunika ulwazi olukhethekileyo, ngokusebenzisa i-arhentegragn kwi-backscate, okanye iikomiti ezinkulu ezineeprojekthi ezila ukulahla ulwazi. Ukwahlula oku kufuna imigaqo-mthetho efuna imigaqo-siseko ekwayabo abasebenzi abanolwazi, abanezimdlalo abasebenzi abazimeleyo, kunye nezibonelelo zolawulo oluzimeleyo njenge-Accondation Officet Office (GAO) kunye ne-Brebioccurial Office (B) ye-o) ye-BBrensitivelcorn.

Ulawulo lolwazi lwe-Agency Pushperback

I-Akhawuntiation ingazilibazisa iimpendulo, ithi inelungelo eliphezulu, okanye inike amaxwebhu kwiifomati ezithe zasetyenziswa okanye ezingasebenzisekiyo ukuphazamisa ulawulo. Oku kuxhathisa kunokucotha uphando, kuthobe impembelelo, kwaye kudilize umonde kunye nobuncwane beekomiti zobuveleli. Isebe elilawulayo linenzuzo ekwakheni kwezi mfazwe, njengoko lilawula ulwazi kwaye linokuthi ukuchasa oko kuya konakalisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe, imisebenzi yokunyanzelisa umthetho, okanye iinkqubo zangaphakathi zokuzikhusela. Ukulwa oku kufuna ukunyanzeleka, ukunyanzeleka kwabaphathi-mthetho, kunye nokuvuma ukusukela ukusukela ii-epona kunye nokuthob ’ intlukwano xa kuyimfuneko. Indlu yowiso-mthetho engafuni ukulwa ukuze kufumane ulwazi lunikeze umsebenzi walo.

Oovimba Bomthetho

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lunexabiso eliphezulu kwaye lubiza imali eninzi. Kufuna abasebenzi abanobuchule abakwaziyo ukuhlalutya uqingqo-mali, ukuhlolisisa imimiselo, ukuqhuba uphando, nokulungisa ukuva. Kwizindlu zecawa ezininzi, ubuncwane bunciphile. Umncedi omnye wekomiti usenokuba noxanduva lokugquma uludwe lwamaqumrhu kunye neenkqubo. Oku kunqongophala kobuncwane ngokungenakuphepheka kukhokelela ekujongeni okusebenza, okukha phezulu, okukha phezulu, nokuqhutywa ziingxelo zokushicilela kunokuba kuqhubeke, uhlalutyo olucwangciso olucwangcisiweyo. Ungeniso lwemithetho yemithetho-mthetho luziintlawulo oluthe ngqo luziphendulela ityala. I-Gegislasting ezilas ezilayintiye zazo zobungazo zolawulo lwazo zisenza ukhetho lokuba buthathaka ngokunxulumene nesebe eliphetheyo.

Ulawulo lomthetho kwisenzo: Uphando lwetyala lokunyanzeliswa

Ukuhlolisisa amatyala ehlabathi lokwenene kusinika imbono ecacileyo ngendlela abasebenza ngayo abaveleli noko banokukwenza. Le mizekelo ibonisa amandla okuvelela ukutyhila ukungaphumeleli, ukuqhuba utshintsho nokukhusela umdla woluntu.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokubuyisela

Emva kwengxaki yemali yowama-2008, iKhomishini yeSecturali ne-Exchange (SEC) kunye neFederal Reserve. Ukuva kwabonisa ukungaphumeleli komthetho okubalulekileyo, kuquka ukusilela ukufumanisa icebo leMadoff Ponzi nangona kukho iiflegi ezibomvu ezininzi. Inkqubo yolawulo yabhenca isithethe sokuzibamba ngokulula kuMpu Street nokungagunyazi komthetho onamandla. Iziphumo zaba kukungagunyazi komthetho ophezulu, iDodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation kunye noConsumit Protection Act, eyadala amaziko amatsha kwaye yagunyazisa umthetho omthetho ombuso omelele uluntu. Amatyala ngokwawo asebenza ngokulula, ephethe izigqeqesi zemali kunye nee-ofisi zezempatho zezelo.

Ukunyanzeliswa Kwemeko - bume NeEPA

Ulawulo lwe-Congress Congress lokhuselo lweNtlalo-ntle (EPA) lunikela umzekelo ocacileyo wendlela ukutshintsha ulawulo lwezopolitiko okunokuguqula ngayo ukugcinwa komthetho we-oyile ne-Cease Water Act. Uphando lokusebenza kumthetho we-Cease Air noMgaqo-siseko we-Phondo lusoloko lufumanise ukungalingani kunye nokulibaziseka. Kumzekelo omnye ophawulekayo, ukuchotshelwa kwetyala okutyhiliweyo okubonisa ukuba i-EPA yasilela ukunyanzeleka kwemiqathango ye-metric kumaziko alawulayo kangangeminyaka yamandla kangangeminyaka, nangona ingumthetho owenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Uxinzelelo nomthetho owenziweyo uye wanyanzelwa ukuba ucel

Ukhuseleko lwemizila yezamayeza neFDA

Ulawulo lweFDA lwemvuzo yeziyobisi nokhuseleko lwasemva komthendeleko lungamatyala angapheliyo ophando lwemithetho. Iimeko eziphezulu ze-profile ezibandakanya i-opioid zikhokelele kwiinguqu ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo kunye nohlolo lokwenziwa kwesigqibo somaziko. Ukuva okugqithisileyo kwabhenca impembelelo embi yoshishino lwezonyango lwezezonyango kwinkqubo yogunyaziso, ekhokelela kwiinguqu kwindlela amalungu enyulwa ngayo nakundlela iingxabano zenzala eziphethwe ngayo. Ezi zizinto zikwabalase indleko lomntu eliyintlekele lokungalawulekiyo, zinika ilizwi kumaxhoba neentsapho zabo kunye nokwenza ulungiso olunamandla lwezomthetho wokuphucula imigaqo-ntle. Unxulumano phakathi kolawulo olupheleleyo kunye nempilo lucace mhlophe kumgangatho we-FMFPDA.

Isiphelo Esilandelayo: Ubugcisa Nokubonisa Ngokucace

Ikamva lolawulo lowiso-mthetho liya kuxonxwa lutshintsho lobugcisa. Izixhobo ezidibanisayo zinika amandla okwenza ulawulo olungakumbi logcino-lwazi, olusebenzayo, nolubonisa ngaphaya. Kwangaxeshanye, zidala iingxaki ezintsha njengemibutho ngokwayo eyamkela ubugcisa obuntsonkothileyo obumele buqondwe kwaye buhlolisiswe.

Umkhosi wogcino-lwazi oluqhutywayo

Inkqubela kugcino-lwazi kunye nobuchule bokuyila i-AP ingenza ukuba i-data yogcino-lwazi ikwazi ukutshintsha ulawulo lowiso-mthetho. Iikomiti ngoku zingahlalutya iinkqubo ezinkulu zogcino-lwazi ezikwindlela zonyanzelo, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokufuzisela impembelelo yemimiselo eceliweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yogcino-lwazi kunye ne-APs kungenza ugcino-lwazi lweziko logcino-lwazi lube lula kwaye lungadibaniseka. Indlu yowiso-mthetho exhotyiswe ngezixhobo zangoku ezingashukumiyo ezisekelwe ekulaleni kolawulo oluneenkqubo kunye nezikhalazo ezithiyo ukuze ikwazi ukuqwalasela izinto ezikhoyo ngokukhawuleza ngemiqondiso. Kodwa, oku kufuna urhwebo olubalulekileyo kugcino-data kunye nobuchule obuzibonelelo lwemithetho-mthetho, ushishino oluncinane olusasenziwa ngoku.

Ukuphendulelwa kwemithetho Yokwenza Okuthile

Njengoko abameli besebenzisa i-algorithm ngokuqhubekayo kunye nobuchule bokuyila ukulungiselela izigqibo, ngokungenelwa ekufumaneni inkxaso-mali ekunyanzelweni komthetho wokunyanzelisa ukujoliswa kweliso elingu-(-/legislatures) kufuneka kuphuhlise ubuchule bokulawula ezi nkqubo. Oku kufuna uhlobo olutsha lobuchule. Abameli kunye nabasebenzi babo kufuneka bakwazi ukuqonda indlela olusebenza ngayo ubuchule be-algorithm, ukuba luluphi ulwazi oluqeqeshwe kuyo, nokuba luvelisa iziphumo ezigqwethekileyo okanye ezingafanelekanga. Ukugqithisa kwesigqibo somthetho-algastilic-sithelekelela kungelinye lemiqatha neyona mida ibalulekileyo yokuphendula ulawulo lwemithetho-Rhulumente. Ingozi kukuba abameli bayakwazi ukufihla ngokuphuma kwenkcazelo ye-proprietary okanye ubuntlola bobugcisa bokuphepha uphando.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi Ongaphendulwanga

Ulawulo lolawulo-mthetho aluthinteli ukusetyenziswa komthetho osebenzayo; luyindlela yokuqala apho urhulumente ahlala ephumelela kwaye enobutyala ebantwini. Yinkqubo enamandla, ngokufuthi ebonakalisa ukuxinezeleka okungundoqo kolawulo lwedemokhrasi: imfuneko yokuphunyezwa ngamandla komthetho kunye nokungaphathi kakuhle kwamandla karhulumente. Xa ulawulo loluntu lunamandla, amaziko asoloko elandela umthetho, ahlala ewahlonela amalungelo, kwaye enza imisebenzi yawo ngenkuthalo. Xa ebuthathaka, ucango luvulelwa ukuxhatshazwa, ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi, nokusebenza kakuhle, kunye nengqiqo equlukileyo yokuba imo yolawulo lungalinganiswa nabani na. Impilo yedemo-demokhrasi inokulinganiswa nokuphatha kwawo.