Ukwazisa Iindlela Zokukhusela Ulwaphulo - mthetho Lwanamhlanje

Amaziko agunyazisa umthetho kulo lonke ihlabathi asebenza ngocelomngeni olukhulu lokulondoloza ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke nokukhusela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo, iindlela kunye neenkqubo zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ziye zavela ngokuphawulekayo, ziguqulwa ukusuka kwizenzo ezisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ukuya kubuchule obuqhubekekayo, ugcino-lwazi-ooonobumba bentlalo-ntle, kunye neenkqubo ezijoliswe ekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela azikhankanyisi nje kuphela indlela amapolisa asebenza ngayo kodwa kwanazo zinika abantu amandla okusebenzisana ngokunempumelelo nokunyanzelisa umthetho. Eli nqaku lichaza iindlela ezingundoqo — ukusuka kwimisebenzi yobugcisa ephambili yoluntu ukuya kwinkqubela kwimigudu yobugcisa — echaza imigudu yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuphumelela kwawo, kwaye lixubusha imingeni yokuqwalasela kunye nokuqwalasela imigaqo entle ehambisana nayo.

Ukuthintelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho olusebenzayo akuyiyo indlela enye yokulungisa yonke into. Kufuna ukudityaniswa kwemixube yeqhinga elidityaniswe kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, elixhaswe yintsebenziswano phakathi kwamapolisa, amasebe karhulumente, imibutho yoluntu, kunye nabemi.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu: Ukwakha intembelo kunye nomanyano

IPhondo loLuntu liseyinkqubo esisiseko yamasebe amaninzi. Yintanda-bulumko ekhuthaza iindlela zombutho ezixhasa ukusetyenziswa komanyano kunye nobugcisa obuphucula iingxaki ukuqhubana neemeko ezikhawulezileyo ezibangela ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke njengolwaphulo-mthetho, ukungalungelelani, noloyiko lolwaphulo-mthetho. Endaweni yokusabela nje kunxulumano, amagosa abelwa kwiindawo ezithile zelizwe elithile kwaye akhuthazwa ukuba akhe ulwalamano oluhlala njalo nabemi, abanini-mashishini, neenkokeli zoluntu.

Amalungu angundoqo enkqubo yoLuntu

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukwenza isigqibo esiphakathi kwenkulungwane [ okunika abaphathi amandla okucombulula iingxaki kumgangatho wobume bengingqi.
  • [[UMTL:0] Unyawo olujikelezayo kunye neebhayisekile zokulinda ukwandisa uqhagamshelwano olunganyanzeliswanga noluntu.
  • [[UMTL:0] Iintlanganiso eziququzelelayo kunye neebhodi zokwalathisa ezinika abemi ilizwi ekubekeni izinto eziza kuqala amapolisa.
  • Icandelo lenqanawa kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni njengezikolo, amaqela asekelwe kukholo, kunye neenjongo ezingancediyo ukuchaza ingcambu ezibangela ubuhlwempu nokungabi nankonzo.

Impembelelo Nobungqina

Uphando lubonisa ukuba amapolisa asekuhlaleni aphucula ulwaneliseko kunye nokufaneleka kwamapolisa, nto leyo ekhuthaza intsebenziswano engakumbi nokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Kodwa uhlolisiso oluthe lwenziwa yi- iZiko lesizwe leJaji lufumanise ukuba xa abemi bethemba amapolisa, basengozini yokuxela ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye basebenze njengamangqina. Le ntsebenziswano ibangela umjikelo olungileyo okhulisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Kodwa, ukuphumelela okuphumelelayo kufuna isibopho esiqhubekayo, uqeqesho, kunye nobuncwane, njengoko eli cebo linokuthabatha iminyaka emininzi ukuncitshiswa kolwaphulo-mthetho.

Inkcubeko eXhotyiswayo: Imodeli ye-SARA

I-Protolic ebekwe kwingxaki (POP) iqhubekeka ngokubhekisa phambili kwiingxaki ezithi ngqo ezibangela ulwaphulo-mthetho, kunokuba iphendule kwiziganeko. Yaveliswa nguHerman Goldstein ekupheleni koo-1970, i-POP isebenzisa inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo eyaziwa njengemodeli ye-SARA: Ukujija, uhlaziyo, uFikelezo, kunye ne-Assessment.

Indlela ISARA Esebenza Ngayo

  • Ubalo lwemoto: Lwazi iingxaki eziphindaphindiweyo zoxakeko kuwonke-wonke nakumapolisa, njengokuthengisa iziyobisi epakini okanye ubusela kwizithuthi kwindawo yokupaka.
  • Antalysis:[ Ukuqokelela nokuhlola ugcino-lwazi ukuze uqonde oonobangela, ubungakanani, kunye neemeko ezisisiseko zengxaki. Oku kusoloko kubandakanya ukuthetha namaxhoba, izaphuli-mthetho, kunye nabanye abaxhasi.
  • IRespin: Ukuphuhliswa kongenelelo olulungiselweyo olungaphaya kolu mgangatho. Iimpendulo zingaquka iinguqu zoyilo lwemekobume (umz., ukhanyiso oluphuculiweyo), ukugcinwa kwemithetho yemithetho, iinkonzo zentlalo, okanye imfundo yoluntu.
  • Uvavanyo oluzinzileyo: chaza ukuba impendulo iyasebenza kwaye ilungisa iindlela ngokufanelekileyo. Uhlolo oluqhubekayo luqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo igcinwe.

Olunye uhlolisiso olubhalwe kakuhle luvela kwiSebe lamapolisa akwiNewport News eVirginia, elalisebenzisa iPOP ukunciphisa ubusela kwiimoto kwindawo enkulu yokupaka iivenkile ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa izibane ezingcono, ukulungisa ulungiso ukuphucula ii-lori, kunye nokwandisa ii-gada zokhuseleko. Isiphumo saba yi eyi42% [ ekuxelweni ukuba umbana kwiinyanga ezintandathu, njengoko kubhaliwe kwi-POPuxango [[FLT:]]

Ingxowa-mali Eshushu: Imithombo Edityanisiweyo Apho Ibaluleke Ngakumbi

IPhondo lamapolisa asebenza kwiindawo ezishushu lifakwe kwingxelo emiselwe kakuhle yezenkcubeko efumanisa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho alwabelwanga ngaphaya kwesithuba. Iqhezu elincinane lamacandelo esitratweni okanye iidilesi linetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho oluqhelekileyo. Ngokubhekisa kugada nokunyanzeliswa kwezi ndawo ziphezulu zenkqubela-phambili, amapolisa anokufumana unciphiso oluphawulekayo lolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle kokuphambuka

Ukuphumelela Kweeverhe Ezishushu

Amandla ashicilelwe iCampbell Collation ihlolisisa uphando oluninzi lwafumanisa ukuba iprojekthi eshushu ivezwe imodest kodwa inciphiso oluzinzileyo kodwa lusebenza, amabala ashushu kufuneka asetyenziswe ngenkathalo, kusetyenziswa ingxaki yokuqokelela kunye nokuqhubana kwabantu kunokuba kusetyenziswe ulawulo olunobundlobongelayo.

Imithetho ebekwe ngobuntlola: Ukwenza isigqibo sogcino-lwazi-Dimension

Amapolisa aqikeleliswe ngobuntlola (ILP) atshintsha ukujolisa ekuthabatheni kwiziganeko ukuya ekulawuleni iingozi ngokunempumelelo ngokusekelwe kubukrelekrele. Eli cebo lavela kwimfuno yokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo nobugrogrisi kodwa lalungiselelwa ukuthintelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kwemihla ngemihla. ILP ibandakanya ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya ulwazi olusuka kwimithombo emininzi — kuquka iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, udliwano-ndlebe, ukwazisa, kunye nemvelaphi-data — ukuchonga [[FLT: 0] izigwebo ezizi-mthetho ezizintlungelayo, uludwe, ulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nezisongelo ezivelayo.

Ubuntlola obusebenzayo

  • Ukwenziwa kwamaziko okudibanisa asebenzisana ngobukrelekrele ngaphaya kwemithetho (umz., urhulumente kunye nemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni).
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwabahlalutyi bolwaphulo-mthetho ukuveza imishwana esetyenziswayo imihla ngemihla ekhokelela ekulayisheni
  • Ukuqwalasela abantu abanolwazi oluphezulu: uphando lubonisa ukuba ipesenti encinane yabaphuli-mthetho isenza intlupheko engenakulinganiswa nanto yolwaphulo-mthetho, ngoko ke ibajolise kwixhoba ngokujongwa, ngemvume, okanye iinkqubo zongenelelo zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo.

Ucelomngeni Lokuphumelela Kwesifo Solusu

Ubuchule bobupolisa bunyusa inkxalabo esemthethweni malunga nemithetho ecacileyo yokuzibophelela kunye ne-data . Ingqokelela egqithisileyo yolwazi kubemi abamsulwa, ukuqokelelwa kobuhlanga, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kogcino-lwazi bubungozi bokwenene obufuna uphando olomeleleyo. I-Pricies kufuneka iquke imithetho ecacileyo yokuzigcina kolwazi, ukubonakala ngendlela obusetyenziswa ngayo ubukrelekrele, nokuphicothwa kwendlela ezimeleyo.

Imithetho Yokuziphatha Exeliweyo

I-Protolic yokuxela kwangaphambili isebenzisa iimodeli zezibalo kunye nemithetho-manani yokufunda ngomatshini ukuxela kwangaphambili apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka khona naxa lusenokwenzeka. Inyusa ingqiqo yolwaphulo-mthetho lweendawo ezishushu ngokusebenzisa iziphumo ezithe ngqo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezithe zachazwa ngokubhekiselele kwimbali yogcino-lwazi, imozulu, ixesha lemini, nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Amanye amasebe aye azama ukuqikelela ukuba abantu banokubandakanyeka kugonyamelo lwemipu, nangona le ndlela ithanda ukuphikisana kakhulu.

Indlela Amapolisa Azisebenzisa Ngayo Izigwebo

  • uqikelelo olusekelwe kwi-Place: i-Software efana nePredPol (ngoku iSound Suicning) yenza iimaphu zeebhokisi ezincinane, eziphezulu apho amagosa ayalelwa ukuba alinde ngexesha lotshintsho oluthile.
  • uqikelelo olusekelwe kwiPerson uqikelelo: Imithetho-mithetho yohlaziyo kwii-intanethi zoluntu kunye neziganeko zangaphambili ukuchonga abantu abasengozini yokuba lixhoba okanye umqhankqalazi wogonyamelo lwemipu. Uludwe lwezihloko ze-Chicago's "Ulwahlulo lwesihloko" yayiyenye inkqubo eyaziwayo.

Izinto Ezifanelekileyo Neziluncedo

Uphando lwamapolisa olubalulekileyo lungabangela ugxeko olubalulekileyo. Imithetho-mthetho ingaqhubekisela phambili ucalucalulo olukhoyo ukuba luqeqeshelwe ukuxhasa ugcino-lwazi olukhoyo olubonisa ulawulo lobupolisa. Uphando lwama-2018 loRAND lulumkisa ukuba ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kwabantu kungakhokelela ekujongweni kwemibutho encinane [ kwaye kuphelise ukuthembana. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ubungqina obulinganiselweyo obuthi buthi iprojekthi exela kwangaphambili ihlise ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphezu koko kunokwenziwa yinkqubo eshushu. Amasebe amkela lo bugcisa kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba mhlophe, igalelo loluntu, kunye novavanyo oluqinileyo lokuphepha ukungathemba.

Ukuthintelwa Kolwaphulo-mthetho Ngemeko: Ukuguqula Imeko

Nangona amaqhinga amaninzi ejolise kwizaphuli-mthetho, ukunqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemeko zijongene nesiganeko solwaphulo-mthetho ngokwaso ngokuguqula imekobume ukuze ibangele ulwaphulo-mthetho lube nzima, lube nengozi okanye lungabi namvuzo. Le ndlela isebenzisa iingcamango zamathuba olwaphulo-mthetho kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa ekusebenzisaneni namashishini, oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, kunye nabanini-mpahla.

Ubugcisa Bezityalo

  • Ukwandisa umgudu: ukufaka iibholthi ezifileyo, izitshixo zokuqhuba, okanye iintsika ekubotshelelwa kuzo intambo yenqanawa; ukusebenzisa ucingo oluqinileyo kunye nezitshixo.
  • Ukwanda komngcipheko: Ukukhanya okungcono, iikhamera zeCCTV, imiqondiso yobulali, kunye nabasebenzi bokhuseleko ababonakalayo.
  • Ukuhlisa imivuzo: ukususa umdweliso ngokukhawuleza, ukukrola impahla nge-ID, nokuphawula izinto zexabiso eliphezulu.
  • Isusa izingxengxezo: Ukubeka imithetho ecacileyo (umz. "akukho kunxaxha" impawu) nokusebenzisa iindidi zemekobume ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha okuthe kratya.

Umzekelo obalaseleyo yiphawu lokubomvu kweendawo zokuhlala zikawonke-wonke kunye neentendelezo kwi-UK ukuphucula uphando lwendalo kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuhlasela. Uhlolo lufumanise ukuba olo tshintsho lukhokelele ukubekwa kweliso lokuhla kweliso ekuphangeni [ kwaye luphuculiwe ulwazi lwabahlali lokhuseleko. Eli cebo linexabiso elithe kratya kwaye lingasetyenziswa ngaphandle koxhomekeka kubukho bamapolisa.

Ulwandiso nentlangano yoLuntu: Unikezelo loMphathi-majoni oNgqiqo-ninzi

Akukho mbutho umnye onokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho kuphela. Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuya kukhula namaqabane emibutho elungelelaniso, iinkonzo zoluntu, abasebenzi bezonyango, nezikolo ukuthetha nabanqandi abantsonkothileyo bolwaphulo-mthetho — abafana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, iingxaki zempilo, ukungaqeshwa, nokungazinzi kweentsapho. Ezi zenzo zinceda ukuphambukisa abantu kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye zibonelela inkxaso yexesha elide.

Iimodeli eziphumelelayo ezibuntlola

  • [[NT.:0] ICrisis Intervention Amaqela (CIT): iqabane lamapolisa kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo ukuphendula unxulumano olubandakanya abantu abasengxakini, ukunciphisa ukubanjwa nokufakwa ezibhedlele.
  • Intlangano enjengoGuqulo logonyamelo zisebenzisa abathunywa abathembekileyo ukudibanisa iimfazwe zezixhobo zekhompyutha kwaye zidibanisa ulutsha olunobundlobongela kwiinkonzo.
  • Iinkqubo zophuhliso lobuntwana: Amapolisa asebenzisana neenkqubo zasemva kwesikolo, iimbutho zemidlalo, kunye noncedo lokwakha ulwalamano oluhle nabantu abaselula.

Umzekelo, Isebe lamapolisa elikwiNtlalo yoLuntu ePhathiswayo yaseCommunity amagosa kwinkqubela yezindlu zikawonke-wonke ukuze asebenze kunye nabasebenzi boluntu kunye nabemi. Uvavanyo lwalo lufumene ukuba le ndlela inciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunogonyamelo kunye nokuthembana, kwanakwimimandla ekwimbali ephantsi komgangatho ophantsi.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kwiNkxaso yoLuntu

Inkqubela-phambili kwezobugcisa inike ukunyanzeliswa komthetho izixhobo ezintsha ezinamandla, kodwa zikwazisa iimbopheleleko ezintsha. Iikhamera zomzimba, abafundi bepleyiti yelayisensi (ALPR) ezizenzekelayo, iinkqubo zokufumana iimbumbulu, kunye ne-software yokuzoba ulwaphulo-mthetho ngoku zixhaphakile kumasebe amaninzi. Ezi zixhobo zinokunyusa ukuphendula, ziphucula ukuqokelelwa kobungqina, zize zincede ukwabiwa koovimba abasebenzayo.

Ubugcisa Obungundoqo Nempembelelo Yabo

Owona mkhwa ulungileyo wokufumana uqeqesho lobuxhakaxhaka

Ukuphepha imigibe, amaziko kufuneka amkele iinkqubo ezicacileyo ekugcinweni kogcino-lwazi, ekuboneni uluvo, kunye nokuvavanywa koluntu. Iibhodi zolawulo loluntu zinganceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ubugcisa busetyenziswa ngokwemilinganiselo. [[FLT: 0] Uphando lweProcessical Groupment Forum (PPRF)[FLF]] lucebisa ukuba amasebe abandakanyeke uluntu phambi kokusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha zokuhlola.

Uqeqesho nophuhliso

Zonke iindlela ekuxutyushwa ngazo zixhomekeke kumagosa aqeqeshiweyo. Uqeqesho lwangoku lokunyanzeliswa komthetho lunyuke ngaphaya kwemipu kunye nobuchule bokukhusela ukuquka ukuhlaziywa kwemipu, ukungenelela kwentlekele, ukucalucalula okucacileyo, ubulungisa obunengxaki, nobuchule obuzinzileyo. Ukutshintshela kumsebenzi wobupolisa osekelwe kwisiseko somthetho kufuna abaphathi-majoni ukuqonda uphando nohlalutyo logcino-lwazi, hayi nje ubuchule bokugcina umthetho obuqhelekileyo.

Iindawo Zokugxila

Ukuqhubeka uqeqesho akuphuculi nje kuphela iziphumo kodwa kunceda ukucutha uxinezeleko lwabaphathi-mikhosi nokudinwa. ISebe elibeka inkqubela yezobugcisa kwindawo yokuqala lidla ngokubeka umgangatho ophantsi kwaye liphucule ulwalamano lwabantu.

Isiphelo: Kumsebenzi Owomelezayo, Olungelelanisiweyo

Iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zokuthintelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho zahlukene, ziyadityaniswa, kwaye zisoloko zijikeleza. Akukho ndlela inye esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zonke iimeko; eyona ndlela isebenzayo yinkqubo edityanisiweyo yesakhiwo edityanisiweyo [ edibanisa umanyano lwasekuhlaleni, uknakekelo, ukwenziwa kwemekobume, kunye nobugcisa obuhambele phambili. Impumelelo ixhomekeke ekuthembeni kukawonke-wonke kunye nokufaneleka. I-Actroctive kufuneka icace gca kwizenzo zazo, ijonge iziphumo zayo, kunye nokusabela kwiziphumo zoluntu.

Njengokuba imigaqo yolwaphulo-mthetho itshintsha ngenxa yeenguqu zentlalo, iingcinezelo zezoqoqosho, kunye nenkqubela-phambili yobugcisa, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kufuneka kuhlale kulungelelaniswa. Ubungqina, uvavanyo olungqongqo, kunye nokuzibophelela ekubonakaliseni ubulungisa kuza kukhokela isizukulwana esilandelayo sokuthintelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokusebenza kunye ne- &mdash, imibutho yasekuhlaleni, abaphandi, kunye nabahlali i- — singadala ukhuseleko, uluntu olungakumbi.