Ukuqonda Indima Yomthetho Esisiseko Ekuguleni Kwengqondo

Amagosa agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente kudala engoonqabileyo aphendula kwiimeko zengqondo zongxamiseko kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Njengoko abantu bezama ukudibana nokhuseleko loluntu kunye nempilo yokuziphatha, la masebe ayacelwa ukuba andise imisebenzi yawo yonyanzeliso lomthetho wesithethe kwimisebenzi yongenelelo olubanzi. Oku kwandiswa ukuqinisekisa ngokukhawulezileyo, ukunyathela kwemfesane, kunye nokuphumelela kokufikelela kwiinkonzo ezifanelekileyo zempilo yengqondo. Ukuphumelela kwale migudu kuxhomekeke ekuqeqesheni ngamandla, ekusebenzeni, nasekubizeni izibonelelo ezizibonelelo zempilo ezikhokelela kwimiqatha. Ngokokuthethwa kweSizwe ngesifo sengqondo (NAMI), ngokweenkqubo yomthetho, malunga nobunzima obu-5 kubantu abadala abanezigulo-gazi, kunye nabaphathi-mthetho badibana nokwanda kweengxaki [FFTS], [M], [2023], [FFF], kunye nezixhobo ezithilonke ezithe ngqo kwiimeko zomthetho, ngokokusetyenziswa komthetho wolwazi oluthe ngqo, ngoko kumthetho, ngokokusetyenziswa kwezomthetho, ukusetyenziswa kwezomthetho, i-onele

Iimbopheleleko zomthetho kaRhulumente onyanzelwayo

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho lokungenelela kwengxaki (CIT)

Eyona mbopheleleko isisiseko kukuphunyezwa koqeqesho lweMpatho-mbiza (CIT). Ukuqalisa kweMemphis, Tennessee, ngo 1988, iModel of Cit lumanyano loluntu olulungiselelwe ukuphucula iziphumo zokudibana kwamapolisa nabantu abaneengxaki zempilo engokwasengqondweni. Amagosa aseburhulumente amkele kwaye aphucule le mizekelo, enika abaphathi beeyure ezingama-40 zoqeqesho olukhethekileyo ezigqumathe iengxaki zempilo, ukuthoba ubuchule bokuphulaphula, nokulungisa imigaqo esemthethweni. Abaphathi abaqeqeshelwe eCIT baxhotyiselwe kakuhle ukuphawula iimpawu zokugula okunzulu kwengqondo, ukusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisa ukusebenza, nokukhubazeka. Bafunda ukusebenzisa unxibelelwano oluthethwa ngamazwi nolungiso, ukuthoba, ukukhuthaza ukuziphatha, nokuphepha ukusetyenziswa okungadibani nakungadingekile koonqanda-mandla. Ngokufuthiswayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-CIT, kunye nokuphumelela kwee-CIT, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha yempilo kunye nokugula kwabantu, kunye neenkonzo ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ezithe zamayeza ezithe zandileyo, zonyango, ezithe zandi

Ukwandiswa Kwamagqirha Engqondo

Amaziko agunyazisa ukugcinwa komthetho akakwazi ukumelana ngokuphumelelayo neengxaki zempilo yengqondo xa ehlala yedwa. Imbopheleleko engundoqo kukuqhubana nokugcina unxulumano olusemthethweni namaziko empilo yengqondo yoluntu, izibhedlele, amaziko okuhlaziywa kweengxaki, namaqela ajongene neengxaki zezithuthi.

  • Imodeli ze-commander: amagosa amapolisa adityaniswe neengcali zezonyango lwengqondo ezigunyazisiweyo eziphendula kunye kwiminxeba yemeko yengozi. Ikliniki inikela kwingqinipho-mvo yeqokobhe, ukukhutshwa kwemiqathango, kunye nokudityaniswa kwiinkonzo, ngelixa umphathi eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwaye esingatha nawaphi na amatyala asemthethweni okanye akhuselekileyo.
  • Iinkqubo zonxibelelwano lwezamayeza ezidityanisiweyo: Iingcali zengqondo zibekwe kumaziko okuthumela okanye izitishi zesithili ukunikela udliwano-ndlebe lokwenene kubaphathi-lwazi kwintsimi.
  • Iposi-crissis amaqela alandela i-' Iqabane le-atmosfera kunye noomphathi-tyala abaqhagamshelana nabantu emva kombutho ukuqinisekisa ukuba balandela ngonyango, banciphisa uqhakamshelwano oluphinda-phindiweyo, kwaye banikeze inkxaso eqhubekayo.

Ezi zivumelwano zogcino-lwazi, imithambo yoqeqesho, kunye nemithetho ecacileyo yokulungisa iifowuni kunye neempendulo zokulungelelanisa. Xa yenziwe kakuhle, intsebenziswano inciphisa umthwalo kumasebe ongxamiseko, iphazamisa abantu abaphuma kwiintolongo, kwaye iphucula iziphumo zempilo ezinde. ISubstance Abusendism kunye neMental Services Administration (SA) abaxhasi bokufikelela kwezo ndlela zidityanisiweyo njengamalungu ayimfuneko enkqubo yengxaki ebanzi [SA, 2020]. [FLT]

Uthutho Nendawo Ekhuselekileyo

Xa umphathi elungise imeko yengxaki, umsebenzi olandelayo kukuqinisekisa izithuthi ezikhuselekileyo nezifanelekileyo. Iimeko ezininzi zinemithetho evumela okanye efuna ukuba kuqikelelwe umthetho ukuba umntu agcinwe kwigumbi lokugcina umntu kwimeko yengqondo yengozi, ephantsi kwemigangatho yenkxalabo yoluntu njengengozi kwabanye okanye ukukhubazeka. Abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka basebenzise imigaqo entsonkothileyo engokwasemthethweni, baqwalasele imigaqo encinci ethintelayo, baze bakhethe eyona ndawo efanelekileyo yokwamkela isakhiwo soncedo. Oku kuquka iiyunithi ezinika ukufakwa komngxube-mphantsi komngxube-mphantsi, ukunyanyeka ngokuzithandela; amasebe ongxamiseko asesibhedlela; okanye amacandelo angoonqabileyo okufumana amagumbi okulala akhoyo okanye amagumbi okuzinziswayo. Azinziswayo ayaqhubeka enkcinelo-malini eenkuphelo, akhokelela ekulindeni ixesha elide neengxaki zexesha elifanelekileyo, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zenqwelo - mafutha, ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezo ezothutho, ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwezo

Ukufikelela noqeqesho loluntu

Ukugaxelelwa kwemibutho yabantu abasebenza ngokusemthethweni yimbopheleleko ekhulayo yamasebe okunyanzelisa uluntu ukuba alungelelanise uluntu kwisebe lezempilo yengqondo. Amagosa kunye nabameli beenkonzo zezenkcubeko zengqondo kwimicimbi yezonyango, kwiinkqubo zesikolo, kwiziganeko zokholo, nakwintlanganiso zoluntu ukuxubusha ngezonyango, ukuthoba ihlazo, nokuxelela abemi ngee-arhente ezikhoyo. Ii-ofisi ezininzi ezifumana amanqam zibandakanya ungenelelo olufuna uncedo lokuqala lonyango lwengqondo, kwaye zisasaza ulwazi olushushu lwemeko (umz. 988 Suicide & lamp; Crisisline).

  • [[NT.:0] Ukuphuma kweVeteran: amagosa oqeqesho ukuqaphela iPTSD nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezinxulumene nenkonzo, kunye nokudibanisa amavari neenkonzo zeVA.
  • Impendulo yengxaki yobuntwana ijolise ekuthinteleni amanqam asekelwe esikolweni nasekufundiseni abafundi indlela yokufuna uncedo.
  • [[Umlinganiselo:0] Ongenamakhaya amaqela abalulekileyo adibanisa abantu abakhululekileyo abaneemfuno zempilo yengqondo, anika inkxaso ekhawulezileyo kunye nohambo ngenqanawa.

Ngokwakha ukuthembana nokuqonda, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunganciphisa amathuba okuhlahlela kwentlekele kwaye kukhuthaze ukungenelela kwangaphambili. Amagosa aseburhulumenteni asoloko ekhokela le migudu ngamaqela azinikeleyo oluntu okanye ngonxibelelwano lwempilo yengqondo olunemiqathango phakathi kwamaziko akhoyo okujikeleza.

Uphuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo nokuHlakulelwa

Amagosa agunyazisa umthetho karhulumente ajongene nokuphuhlisa nokumisa imithetho yesebe ebeka phambili ingqwalasela yempilo yengqondo ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva kweemeko ezimaxongo. Oku kuquka:

  • Ukusetyenziswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokunyanzela: Ukuqinisekisa ubume bempilo yengqondo njengonobangela wolindelo lwezonyuso kunye nokuthintela ubuchule obuthile bokuthintela (umz., umlinganiselo wendlela yokuzibamba) obubangela ubungozi obenyuka ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo sengqondo okanye abasebenzisa izigulo zengqondo.
  • Umboniso wongenelelo: Ukuchaza xa amagosa kufuneka aphelise ukwala komntu iinkonzo ngokuchasene noko xa kuyimfuneko ukubotshwa ngokuzithandela, kuhlonela ukuzilawula komonde ngoxa kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.
  • [[NTLA:0] Ukuqokelelwa kwezixhobo kunye nokunika ingxelo: Ukwenziwa koxwebhu lonxulumano lwefowuni olunxulumene nempilo yengqondo, iziphumo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziganeko zokunyanzela ukulandelela iiyantlukwano, ukuchonga amasuntswana oqeqesho, kunye notshintsho lwenkqubo yokwazisa.
  • Ukungalungi kunye nokuphambuka: ukwamkela imigaqo ephazamisayo yangaphambili ethintela abantu abagula ngengqondo kude nenkqubo yobulungisa yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye baphathwe, endaweni yokuba bagcinwe entolongweni ngenxa yetyala eliphantsi.

Le nkqubo kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo kuphando olutsha, umthetho ojikelezayo (njengomthetho ofana Olmstead v. L.C. izigqibo ezinxulumene nokudibanisa uluntu), kunye nengxelo evela kubaxhasi bemiqathango yoluntu. Imiqathango yomgangatho karhulumente idla ngokuqhuba utshintsho lwenkqubo yasekuhlaleni, ifuna amaqumrhu alungelelanisa nemigangatho karhulumente okanye aphulukane nomngcipheko wokunika inkxaso. IBhunga loMasipala wolu bulungisa linika imigaqo-nkqubo kunye noncedo lobuchule olunxulumene nolwakhiwo-mthetho okunceda abameli ukuba bavelise imigaqo esekelwe kubungqina . [CGTS, 2022])[FLT].

Iingxaki Namathuba Okungenela Kwiingxaki

Inkcitho yemali

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okuphawulekayo komsebenzi wonyanzelo lomthetho, amaziko amaninzi esizwe ajongene nezithintelo ezinzima zoovimba. Iinkqubo ze-CIT zifuna iindleko ezithe rhoqo, iindleko zoqeqesho lweeyure ezingama-40 zomsebenzi othe rhoqo, kunye neendleko zabaqeqeshi kunye neekliniki. Amaqela aqeshwayo afumana inkxaso-mali esemthethweni, kuquka amaziko afumana imivuzo yezonyango adlula abo basemagunyeni. Amaziko amaninzi nawo aswele inkxaso yezobugcisa yokoqobo yokufumana iziphumo-mkhondo ngexesha elinzima, ukudibana kwee-tekhrasi namaqabane eenkonzo. Abameli abancinane nabasemaphandleni bachaphazelekayo bachaphaze kakhulu, njengoko abanokufumana abaphathi abambalwa abanokufihla iinkonzo zezonyango zengqondo nabanokufikelela kwimiqatha yezonyango. Oku kuphumela ekudibaniseni kwemeko-ok-ok-od , kodwa kusetyenziswa iinkonzo ze-Melkatruptrup, iinkonzo ze-monds, iinkonzo ze-od ze-opera yezoshishino ze-

Ibhisiji eqinileyo neyomeleleyo

Ihlazo elinzulu ngokuchasene nokugula ngengqondo liyaqhubeka phakathi komthetho kunye nebutho labantu ababanzi. Abaphathi-mikhosi basenokujonga abantu abakwingxaki njengeyingozi, abangenakuxelwa kwangaphambili, okanye abanoxanduva ngemeko yabo, abakhokelela kwiindlela zokulwa nongenelelo lwezonyango. Ucalucalulo olupheleleyo olusekelwe kuhlanga, ubuzwe, imeko yezoqoqosho, kunye nokukhubazeka okuthe rhoqo, kunye nobungqina obubonisa ukuba abantu abantsundumasi abathwaxhwalekileyo yimpilo engqondweni, abanobunzima obunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba babanjwa okanye banyanzelwe ukuba banyanzelwe ukuba basebenze ngaphezu kooomatshini abamhlophe. Amaziko esizwe amele adibane noqeqesho oluchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenkcutho lwenkcatho lwezi yezo ngxaki. Imo yezobugciso inokuthoba ngokuxubusha ngokuthetha ngempilo yengqondo phakathi kwesebe, ukunikela iinkqubo ze-CIT, nokuqwalalk abaphathi beendlela zokuhlola ii-atmotences.

Iimfuno Zoqeqesho Eziqhubekayo Nokuqinisekiswa

Uqeqesho lwe-CIT, nangona luphumelela, alusisombululo esinye. Abaphathi-mikhosi kufuneka bazame ukuhlaziya rhoqo ukumelana nokunyanzeleka kwamayeza amatsha okusebenza ngokutsha, ukuvela kweengxaki zengqondo (umz., ukukhutshwa kwemichiza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-autism spectrum), utshintsho kwimithetho yezolawulo, kunye nenkqubela kubuchule bokusebenza kwezoburhulumente. Iinkokeli zephondo zisoloko zizama ukulinganisela ukunyanzela ukuqeqeshwa kwamapolisa abasebenzi abajikelezayo. Ngaphezu koko, abaphathi abaninzi abafumene iCIT ukuqeqeshwa ngeCIT kwiminyaka emininzi edluleyo abazange bagcine i-crice; abanye ooomeli banikela ingxelo yeqhezungezo-mali enconywayo kuphela. Amathuba aquka ukungenelwa kweengxaki zomjikelezo-omatshini ngonyaka, ngokusebenzisa imfaniso yentelekeleleko kunye nee-projectivestingsssssss ezicept.

Enye indlela yokukhetha kunye nokujika

Ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi abanesifo sengqondo kuye kwakhokelela kwintshukumo ekhulayo yeminye imiboniso yeengxaki zeengxaki ezingabandakanyekiyo ukugcinwa komthetho okubumbeneyo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne-CAHOOTS e-Oregon, i-STAR van eDenver, kunye nee-patroli ezihambayo kumaphondo amaninzi athunyelweyo amagosa angenamiqathango asebenza emkhosini, kwaye ibangele ukuba kubekho abasebenzi bezonyango kunye noontanga abanolwazi olungokwasemthethweni abazaphuli-mthetho abazalelayo. Amaziko omthetho ajongene nocelomngeni lokuchaza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuzibandakanya kwawo, ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa kwawo nala maqela amajoni asekuhlaleni. Amanye amaphondo aye amisela imithetho apho athumela khona ii-trigeodsssssssss kuninzi ukusabela okufanelekileyo: amaqela asekuhlaleni okanye amaqela oonobuzaleko olukhawulezileyo, amaqela oonomthetho-ophaka-mthetho abasebenzisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, asebenzisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, anciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, okanye asebenzisa imikhosi ebandakanya iingozi, okanye anciphisa imikhosi

Uhlolisiso lwetyala nemizekelo kaRhulumente

ETexas: Ulwando lweCIT kwiLizwana lonke

IKhomishini yeTexas eLaw Inforcement (TCOLE) ifuna ukuba onke amagosa oxolo agqibe iiyure ezincinane ezingama-40 ze-CIT njengenxalenye yoqeqesho olusisiseko lwabaphathi-mikhosi boxolo. Ngaphezu koko, izimali zephondo le-CIT akhademimime kunye neeklasi eziphambili zoomatiloshe abaqeqeshi bomthetho zimisele inkqubo enxulumene nokuqhubana nabantu abagula ngengqondo. Isiphumo siye saba kuncitshisa kakhulu ukubanjwa kwabantu abanesifo sengqondo ababandakanye namaqela, kunye nezinye izixeko ezibika amanani ezinto zokuvalelwa kwintolongo angaphezulu kwama-60% e-CIT-ared. IChexas inika umzekelo wendlela uqeqesho olunokuqhutywa ngayo ngemiqathango yemithetho yemithetho yolawulo olufanayo ngexa kuvumela ubuchule bokusebenza kwabameli basekuhlaleni.

Iphondo laseWashington: Amaqela engxaki yezithuthi nezothutho

Inkqubo karhulumente i-Co-Responder yephondo yeWashington exhaswe ngurhulumente wephondo i-“Co-Responder” ibeka iingcali zengqondo ecaleni kwamapolisa akwimiqathango ephezulu yesandi. Urhulumente ukwathe nako wasebenzisa kakhulu amaqela okuphendula kwengxaki ehambayo anokuthunyelwa ziinkonzo zonyango okanye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ukunikezela nge-scene igamiliation ngaphandle kobukho bamapolisa. I-1988 Sucision & Lample; i-Critisline Life idisne ngokusondeleneyo nezi yunithi ze-comms, iqinisekisa ukuba ukubiza kwingxaki yobushushu bungathunyelwa kwiqela elifanelekileyo. Ugcino-data oluvela kurhulumente lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-coresmiethsting ziye zanciphisa ukuhla kwezibhedleleka kunye notyelelo lweziko lwezikomkhulu, ngenani eliphezulu elixelwe kubo bonke abantu abasebenzi bemeko-mazwa ngengxaki nakumalungu.

EVirginia: Izikolo Zokuncedisana Neengxaki

ISebe le-Virginia le-Criminal Justice Services liqhuba inkqubo ebandakanya kungekuphela nje ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kodwa kwanabathumeli, abaphathi-mikhosi, kunye neekliniki zempilo yengqondo. Isebe linikela uqeqesho kwinkxalabo yengozi, ukungalungelelani koovimba abaphezulu, kunye neenkupho zamavavandla. IVirginia ikwasebenzisa isixhobo “sokuvavanya iCIT” ukuvavanya ukulungelelanisa kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo. Ngenkxaso yemali yorhulumente onikezelo, inani lamaziko eCIT-cracd likhule ukusuka kwiqaqobana elinabileyo ukuya kutsho kuma-50, kwaye i-CIT crings angaphezulu kwe-8 000 ngoku ngaphaya kwelizwa lirhulumente. Esi sixhobo sibonisa indlela esisembini esinokuxhasa ngayo ubuchule bobuchule bokusebenza kulo lonke umgangatho phakathi kwesixeko, idolophu, idolophu, kunye nolawulo lwasemaphandleni lwasemaphandleni.

Isiphelo

Amaziko agcina umthetho akwindawo ebalulekileyo kwimeko yempilo ephilileyo yengqondo. Iimbopheleleko zawo ziye zavela ngaphaya kokubanjwa okanye ukuhanjiswa okulula, okuquka iindima zokuguqula izinto ezifuna intsebenziswano enzulu, uqeqesho olukhethekileyo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo eqhubekayo. Xa amaqumrhu egunya e-CIT, umanyano olunyanzelekileyo, ukufikelelana kwemeko-bume, kunye nenkqubo yogcino-lwazi, ziphucula ukhuseleko lwabaphathi-majoni kunye nabantu ngokubanziswa kwemeko-lwazi, ziphucula abantu abasengozini yokufumana uncedo lwempilo, ngoxa ziquka ukuxhasa okunokwenzeka ekuchachezuzweni. Sekunjalo iingxaki zemali, ukuxhathisa, ukuqeqesha, ukuxhasana, ukuhambelana kwemiqatha yemiqatha, kunye nokusebenza komthetho okuthembisayo. Indlela ephambili isebenza njengenye apho umthetho usebenza njengenkxaso esilungele ukuchana kwemeko yempilo elungele ukusetyenziswa, apho kuthelelana kwenyanzekelelwa kwemeko elungele ukusetyenziswa kwemeko engakumbi, apho kungenelela khona ukuxhasa kwemeko elungele ukungeneyo, apho kungeneyo, apho kufumaneka khona