Ukungondleki kumazwe angenayo intabalala kuyaqhubeka njengenye yezona ngxaki zingxamisekileyo zempilo nenkqubela-phambili yomhlaba wonke. Phezu kwayo nje imashumi eminyaka enkqubela, izigidi zabantwana nabantu abadala ziyaqhubeka zigula ngenxa yokungafumani mveliso, imichiza encinane, iziphumo ezinde zexesha elide zokutya okungatyiyo. Iziphumo zezoqoqosho zibangela ukuba umlinganiselo woqoqosho ungabinamveliso, abemi abangondlekanga banokufumana iziphumo ezifanelekileyo, yaye babanjiswe kwimijikelezo yezendlala ephakathi kwezizukulwana. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle, olusetyenziswa ngamaziko ahlukeneyo, nemibutho emininzi engekho hulumeni, yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekuvaleni umsantsalo wovimba ophantsi ophuma kumazwe asebenzisa iinkqubo zokufumana inkxaso eluncedo. Xa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo, lunokusindisa ubomi, ukwandisa impilo, kunye nokwakha izibonelelo lokuzinzisa ukutya.

Ukungondleki Kumazwe Aphantsi

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba uncedo lwamanye amazwe lubaluleke kangaka, kufuneka kuqala ubani aqonde ubukhulu bokungondleki. NgokweWorld Health Organization, phantse ama-45 ekhulwini abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu abafayo banxulumene nokungatyi, yaye oku kufa kakhulu ekufumaneni imali encinane kwimimiselo ye-SAharan Afrika esezantsi kunye noMzantsi Asia. Ukutyhalela phambili, ukungondleki, nokungondleki kwabantwana okuncinane kuchaphazela amashumi ezigidi zabantwana, ukuphazamisa ukukhula kobuchopho nokufumana ingeniso engapheliyo. Kubantu abadala ukungondleki, kwandisa ubungozi besifo esinganyangekiyo nokunciphindo lwemisebenzi. Amaxabiso okusebenza akulinganiswanga kuphela ekubandezelweni kwabantu kodwa aphulukana nemveliso yezoqoqosho, kunye noqikelelo oluthile luthiya ukunciphisa ukungondleko nge-GDP 2% kumazwe angama-3 athenwa yipesenti.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, ingxabano kunye nokunqongophala kwezoqoqosho kuye kwakhulisa ukungonqabiseki kokutya kumazwe amaninzi angenamali ingako. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okutya, ukudityaniswa kwemixokelelwano, kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezimaxongo kwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kumakhaya asengozini ukufumana ukutya okuhlukeneyo, okunesondlo. Ubuncwane basekhaya bodwa bunqabile ukucombulula ezi ngxaki, nto leyo eyenza uncedo lwamanye amazwe lube yinxalenye engundoqo yokusabela kwehlabathi lonke.

Indlela Abanokutya Ngayo Abantu Bakwamanye Amazwe

Uncedo lwangaphandle olujoliswe ekutyeni okunesondlo asilohlobo olunye longenelelo kodwa lulungelelaniswe lwendlela ezithetha ngeemfuno ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokuzinzisa ixesha elide. Olona cwangciso lusebenzayo lusebenza kwimigangatho emininzi: umntu ngamnye, indlu, uluntu, kunye nohlanga. Umahluko ongundoqo uphakathi koncedo lokutya olungxamisekileyo /ukuxakeka kongxamiseko (ukuxakeka kwendlala, ungquzulwano, kunye neentlekele zemvelo zenkqubela-phambili kwinkqubo yokukhusela ukungondleki ngaphambi kokuba ivele.

  • Isongezo kunye nenqaba: Imali yoncedo yokusasazwa kokutya okulungele ukusetyenziswa (RUTFs) kubantwana abangondlekanga kakhulu, kwakunye nenqaba yokutya okusisiseko njengempuphu kunye ne-oyile yokupheka kunye neevithamini eziyimfuneko kunye nezimbiwa.
  • Inkqubo yobuHealth yomeleza: Imali yoovimba boomatshini boqeqesho lwezonyango lwasekuhlaleni ukuze babonise ukungondleki, banike isongezo sevitamin A ne bunc, kwaye balawule amatyala okudlala nokudodobala ngenxa yenkathalo esekelwe kuluntu.
  • [[NT.0] Iinkqubo zokutshintsha unxibelelwano: zifundisa abakhathaleli ngokuncancisa ibele, ukuncancisa okunentsebenziswano, kunye nococeko, eziphakathi kwezona ndlela zibangela ukungondleki kwabantwana.
  • Inkxaso yezolimo kunye nokhuseleko lwentlalo: uncedo lwabalimi abancinane bahluza izityalo, bafumane imbewu engcono kunye nendawo yokugcina, kwaye babe nenxaxheba kwiminatha ekhuselekileyo efana nokuthunyelwa kwemali okanye iinkqubo zokufuya eziphucula ngokungqalileyo ukutya okudliwayo.

Ngamnye kula maziko ufuna inkxaso exhasweyo, ubuchule, kunye nobuchule bobuchule bokusebenza obukhoyo obungekhoyo kumazwe amaninzi angenayo. Ibhulorho zoncedo zangaphandle ezimganyana ngokunika kungekuphela nje imali kodwa kwakhona ukhokelo olusekelwe kubungqina, ukujonga isiseko, kunye nenkqubo yokuphendula.

Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle luxhaswe ngoncedo olungundoqo

Ukufunxa Nokutya Okuneentsholongwane

Kubantwana abangondlekanga kakhulu, ukutya okukhethekileyo kudla ngokuba yeyona nto inokuthintela ukufa. Iintlangano ezinjenge-UNICEF kunye neNkqubo yokutya kwehlabathi zifumane i-RUTF kwaye zisasaze izigidi zeetoni nyaka ngamnye, zixhaswa kakhulu ngoorhulumente abanikelayo. Ezi zinto zincanyathiselwe kumantongomane zinamandla kwaye ziqiniswe ngazo zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko. Ikhondo lenyanga ezintathu zeRUTF zixabisa malunga ne-R40 ukuya ku-R260 (R160) kumntwana ngamnye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zibiza imali ezinika ubomi eziluncedo.

Isi-Latin-1 Eyongeziweyo

IVitamin A eyongezo-ongezelelo, enikezelwa kabini ngonyaka kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, inciphisa konke okubangela ukufa ngeshumi elinesibini ekhulwini. I-Iron kunye nesongezo se-folic acid kumabhinqa akhulelweyo zinciphisa ubungozi be-anemia ephakathi kwamama kunye nemithambo-luvo enzima. Iinkqubo zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo zithintela i-cretinism kunye nokungakwazi ukusebenza. Iinkqubo zoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle zixhasa ukufumana, ii-logictics, kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza eziqinisekisa ukuba ezi ngenelo zifikelele kubemi abakude. I-Global Alliance for protenmentdition (GANIan) kunye neMicnutrietation iphakathi kwezi misebenzi i-microutinethie.

Ukuncancisa Nokuxhasa Ukuncancisa

Ukuncancisa ibele okuqulethweyo kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi kunconyelwa yiWHO njengendlela yokuqala yokukhusela ukungondleki kunye nokufa korhudo. Kodwa kumazwe amaninzi angenayo, uqheliselo oluyingozi njengokunika amanzi okanye ukutya kwasekuqaleni kuqhelekile. Imali yezonyango lwamazwe angaphandle iqhelekile, amaphulo amakhulu okufundisa ulutsha olufundisa oontanga, kunye nokuxhasa ukhuseleko lwamabele olunceda oomama ukuba bancancise. Iinkqubo zokuzondla ezinxulumene nokutya okunezinto ezityebileyo zifundisa iintsapho ukuba zilungise ukutya okunezinto ezityebileyo ezifumaneka kwindawo yazo, ngokufuthi kuquka nentluntlungela yemiqatha yemfundo yemfundo yezilwanyana enjengezamaqanda okanye ubisi.

Ukutya kwesikolo nokhuseleko olufuna izondlo

Iinkqubo zokufuya esikolweni zisebenza ngenjongo ezimbini: zinika abantwana abanokulamba ngenye indlela, kwaye zikhuthaza iintsapho ukuba zigcine abantwana esikolweni. IWorld Food Programme ixhasa iinkqubo zesikolo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-70, amaninzi awona akhuthaza ukutya okuvela kubalimi basekuhlaleni, okomeleza uqoqosho. Ukufuduswa kwemali kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ezongezelelweyo, zinika iintsapho amandla okuthenga ukutya okuninzi, kuncitshiswe kwizinto eziyimfuneko, ukuncitshiswa kokutya okuziinwa ngemali, okungabizi mali.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Koncedo Lokondleka Kwamanye Amazwe

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, uncedo lwezondlo zezondlo zingezongxaki. Enye yezona zinto zingapheliyo ukuhlalutya bubungozi bokuxhomekeka. Xa uncedo luhamba lungaqondakali okanye ludityaniswe kwimijikelo emifutshane yezobupolitika, amazwe anokuzama ukuceba iinkqubo ezizinzileyo. Ukuba abanikeli batshintsha ezona zinto ziphambili okanye banciphisa uqingqo-mali, amanyathelo okufumana ingxubeko esondlo angawohloka, ashiye iinkqubo ezisele zisebuthathaka zingekho ngqiqweqweni kunangaphambili.

Olunye ucelomngeni lukukusebenzisana. Ukutya okungumngeni okubandakanya impilo, ezolimo, imfundo, kunye nokukhusela intlalo. Ngokufuthi, abanikeli basebenza kwi-silos, iinkqubo ezithe nkqo ezingahambelaniyo neenjongo zesizwe. Oku kubangela ukuba kubekho umgudu, ubuncwane obuchithwayo, kwaye kuphoswe amathuba okuhlaselwa. I-Scality Up Nutrition, eyaqaliswa ngo-2010, iye yazama ukuphucula ukulungelelaniso lwamaqumrhu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo akulingani namazwe ngamazwe.

Ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika kunye norhwaphilizo kukwaphazamisa ukusebenza koncedo. Kwezinye iimeko, imali elungiselelwe iinkqubo zokuzondla iyaphambukiswa, iyeke, okanye isetyenziswe kakubi. Ulawulo olubuthathaka nokungabi nabutyala kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni kunciphisa impembelelo yokungenelela okucwangcisiweyo. Abasebenzi baye basabela ngokunyanzela ulawulo olungqongqo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oku kunyusa imithwalo yolawulo enciphisa ukunikezelwa.

Ekugqibeleni, uncedo alunakukwazi ukucombulula unobangela wokungondleki. Ubuhlwempu, ukungalingani, ukunqongophala kwezoqoqosho, ukunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo nokungahlali zizinto ezifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe utyalo-mali lwasekhaya. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle lungatshintsha, kodwa lumele lube yinxalenye yecebo elibanzi eliquka ulawulo olulungileyo, inkqubo yezoqoqosho evakalayo, kunye nokuzibophelela koorhulumente besizwe.

Uhlolisiso Lwemeko: Apho Uncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Luye Lwabangela Umahluko

Inkqubo Yezokhuseleko Evelisa Imveliso YaseEthiopia

Ithe yaqaliswa ngo-2005 ngenkxaso epheleleyo yokubonelela ngenkxaso, i-Ethiopia’s Programme inika izigidi zeentsapho ezihlala zikhuselekile ekutyeni okungapheliyo, ezitshintshiselana ngokuthabatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni koluntu njengokulondolozweni komhlaba nokuvunwa kwamanzi. Le nkqubo inconyelwe ngokunciphisa amanani abantwana abangaphantsi kwama-5% ukususela kuma-5% ngowama- 2000 ukuya kuma-37 ekhulwini ngowama-2019. Ibonisa ukuba uncedo lwexesha elide lungathetha ngendlala kunye nokuzinzisa ixesha elide.

IiNkonzo zoPhuhliso lwabantwana eziHlakulelweyo zaseIndiya

Ngeli xesha i-Indiya ingelolizwe elifumana imali ephantsi ngokwemilinganiselo yeGDP yangoku, amazwe amaninzi ahlwempuzekileyo ajongene nocelomngeni lokufumana isondlo ngokulingana ne-SAharan Afrika. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle oluvela kuManyano, iUnited States, kunye namaqumrhu ahlukeneyo axhase i-Integrated Development Services, uthungelwano lwamaziko angaphezu kwe-1.4 lezigidi enika isongezo zokondla, uvavanyo lwempilo, kunye nemfundo yabantwana encinane. Utshintsho lwakutshanje, kuquka ukusungula intlawulo lwendawo yokuthatha izaphulo kunye nolungiso oluphuculiweyo, luye lwanegalelo ekulahleni kwexabiso elisukela kwi-21 ekhulwini lo-2005 ukuya kwi-17 ekhulwini kwi-2020.

Ulawulo Loluntu Olusekelwe Kuluntu Lokungondleki Okukhulu

INiger, elinye lamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini, ibiyindawo yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya esekelwe kulawulo loluntu lokungondleki kakhulu (CMAM). Ngenkxaso yemali evela kwiKomishini nakoorhulumente besizwe baseYurophu, iNiger yanyusa iCMAM ukugquma zonke iindawo zezempilo, iqeqesha amawaka abasebenzi bezempilo ukuba baqonde baze banyange ukungondleki okufanelekileyo nangqongqo kubantwana. Phakathi konyaka wama-20 kunye nowama-201818, ukunikezelwa konyango lokungondleki kakhulu kwanda ukusuka kuma-20 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-85 ekhulwini, kwaye iqondo elibulalayo lemeko yelesawusehla ngaphantsi kwesihlanu ekhulwini. Le mpumelelo ixhakathiswe kwamanye amazwe aseSahelian.

Ukulinganisa Impembelelo Yoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Ngokungondleki

Ukusebenzisa impumelelo yoncedo lokutya okunesondlo kunzima kodwa kubalulekile. Izalathiso ezisezantsi ziquka ukuxhaphaka kokuxhaphaka kokuzixhathisa, ukudlala, ukungondleki, nokungqubana kwemichiza, kwakunye nokugqunywa kweemeko ezingundoqo ezifana nevithamini A kunye nonyango lokungondleki okunzima. Iinkqubo ezininzi zoncedo ngoku ziquka uvavanyo olungqongqo ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezilawulwa ngokungalindelekanga okanye imichiza ye-quasi-emperia-metalysis yeenkqubo zokuzondla ezingama-60 kumazwe afumana ingeniso ephantsi kwengeniso zifumanisenoncedo olubalulekileyo, ngokomlinganiselo, unciphiso olungaphezulu kwepesenti engama-30 ngokuthelekiswa nolawulo.

Isiphumo senye imetric ebalulekileyo. Ngokutsho kwe Copenhagen Consenses , ukubonelela ngemicrottles kumabhinqa akhulelweyo kunye nabantwana abaselula kunika iingenelo ezixabisa ngaphezu kwe 20 ngokuphinda-phinda ixabiso. Iinkqubo zokuzondla zaseSikolweni, xa zifakwe kakuhle, zibuya malunga ne R3 empilweni nasemfunweni yemfundo kwimali nganye echithweyo. Obu bungqina bunceda abani banikezela ngeziphumo ezingaphezulu kwenani elinempembelelo enkulu yongeniso.

Noko ke, ulwahlulo luhlala lulucelomngeni kuba iziphumo zokutya okunesondlo ziphenjelelwa luludwe lwezinto ezikhoyo ngezantsi zezoqoqosho, ukhuseleko lobundlobongela, imfundo yoomama, imozulu , ngezantsi kuphela ngokulawulwa ziinkqubo zoncedo. Kodwa ke, ubunzima bobungqina buxhasa isigqibo sokuba uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle olulungiselelwe kakuhle noluxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo lunesiphumo esifanelekileyo, esifanelekileyo ekunciphiseni ukungondleki.

Indima yomgaqo-nkqubo wekhaya noMnini-mali weSizwe

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusebenza kakhulu xa luxhasa ubunikazi besizwe. Amazwe aye enza inkqubela ekhawulezileyo ekunciphiseni ukungondleki, njenge-Senegal, iNepal, nePeru, aye asebenzisa imithetho yawo yezondlo kunye noqingqo-mali, ngoncedo oludlala indima exhasayo. Abasebenzi banokuncedisa ekwakheni ubuchule bolawulo lwezemali, iinkqubo zomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, kwaye anike uncedo lobugcisa, kodwa utshintsho oluhlala lufuna uklomelo lwezopolitiko kunye norhwebo lwemali oluqhubekayo.

IBhanki yehlabathi [[FLT: 0] ibingumphathi ophambili wokhuselo loncedo olulungelelanisiweyo neeplani zokuzondla zesizwe ngeGlobal Finanfication facial kunye nezinye izimali zokuthembeka. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba uncedo asiyonkqubo efanayo kodwa yinxenye edityanisiweyo yeenkqubo zikarhulumente ezidityanisiweyo. Xa oorhulumente bekhokela, basengozini yokubeka i-equance, ukulondolozwa, kunye nokuziphendulela.

Ukukhangela Kwikamva: Ikamva Loncedo Lokondleka Kwamanye Amazwe

Umhlaba woncedo lwamanye amazwe ujikeleza. Utshintsho lwemozulu lulindeleke ukuba lwandise ubuninzi kunye nobunzima bobunzima bokutya, ingakumbi kumazantsi e-SAharan Afrika. Isifo se-COVID-19 sityhile ukubola kwesixokelelwano sokutya nokubaluleka kwenetha yokhuseleko loluntu. Ngokuzenzekelayo, ukunyuka kwezixhobo zamanani . Okufana neqonga lezezonyango elihambayo, ujongo olukude, kunye nokuthuthwa kwemali ngemfonomfono--hiiiiiiia amathuba amatsha okunikezela ngoncedo olunezondlo ngokulula nangexabiso eliphantsi.

Abanikazi bakwatshintsha ukujolisa kwingozi ukuya kugxininisa kakhulu ekuthinteleni nasekuzinziseni. I-Agency yeNkcubeko yezizwe ngezizwe inika i-data kunye noxanduva lwabaniki-mali kulawulo lwehlabathi lonke lweNtshukumo, ngokomzekelo, idibanisa inkqubela-phambili yokulima, isondlo, kunye namandla amabhinqa okulawula iingcambu zokungondleki. Iqonga elifana nengxelo yeNtshukumiso yehlabathi lonke linika ugcino-lwazi kunye noxanduva lokugcina abani benolwazi kunye noorhulumente besiya kufutshane namaxhoba ehlabathi entlalo-ntle yowama 2030.

Ukuganana ngasese yenye intsingiselo ekhoyo. Ukuqinisa ukutya, izityalo ezifunyanisiweyo (ezifana nevitamin A etyebileyo yeetapile kunye neembotyi ezityebileyo zentsimbi), kunye nemodeli yokuveliswa kweesongezo zongezo ziyaphuhliswa ngenkxaso-mali kunye nenkxaso-mali yenkampani. Bill & lamp; Melinda Gates Foundation[ ithenge kakhulu kuphando lwezondskozo zomzimba kunye nobuchule obudityanisiweyo, iqhubela phambili kwisibopho esinikezeleyo kwinkxaso esekelwe kubungqina.

Isiphelo

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe luza kuhlala lusisixhobo esibalulekileyo kumsebenzi womhlaba wonke wokulwa nokungondleki kakuhle kumazwe angenayo ikamva elingaphambili. Lunika ubuncwane, ubuchule, kunye neenkqubo amazwe amaninzi angakwaziyo ukuziququlela ngokwawo. Xa elawulwa kakuhle kwaye elungelene nezinto eziphambili zesizwe, uncedo lunamandla okusindisa izigidi zabantu, ukukhusela ubuchule bokwazi ukusebenza nokungondleki emzimbeni, kwaye lunceda ukuphelisa umjikelo wobuhlwempu. Ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo asiko ukunikela uncedo, kodwa indlela yokuwenza ube luncedo ngakumbi, ube nembopheleleko, kwaye ulungelelanise ngakumbi kwizinto ezintsonkothile ezikhoyo emhlabeni. Ukuphumelela kwehlabathi ekungondleki okusisigxina, kodwa lusukelo olunentsingiselo, kodwa luza kulwazi lwezobupolitika, olunemali, kwaye luqhubekelwa phambili kubungqina, lungafikeleleka.